英语翻译教案 (4)
1.3.7 Translation Methods
Both literal translation and free translation are widely adopted translation methods. Both are good and have their own advantages. It is hard to say which is preferable. One thing that must be made clear is that literal translation is by no means word-for-word mechanical translation and free translation does not mean that the translator can translate in whatever way he likes.
1.3.7.1. Literal Translation and Free Translation
A. Definition
By literal translation, we mean to keep meaning as well as the form (such as the figure of speech, and images) of the source text in the translation. As has been mentioned, this doesn’t mean word-for-word translation; instead, it means that the translation is faithful to the form while it conveys the meaning ----both the deep and surface structures are rendered.
Free translation is applied when there’s conflict between the source language meaning and the form of target language expression, that is to say, when the language form in the target language can not faithfully convey the meaning that is expressed in the corresponding target language form. In this case, meaning is the first choice: the translator has to give up the original language form and try to keep the meaning instead. Free translation does not mean that the translator can ignore the source text; it only means that the surface structure of the source text is not completely rendered while the deep structure is faithfully reproduced.
As far as literal and free translation are concerned, there’s one principle to abide by.
B. The principle
（1）to kill two birds with one stone
a:一石二鸟
b: 一箭双雕；一举两得
（2）to flog a dead horse
a: 鞭打死马
b: 白费力；徒劳
（3）to teach a pig to play on a flute
a: 教猪吹笛
b: 对牛弹琴
（4）A nod is as good as a wink to a blind horse.
a: 点头也好，眨眼也好，示意盲马，同样无效。
b:犟汉难劝，狂人难喻
（5）The worst wheel of a cart creaks most.
a: 最差的车轮最会嘎嘎响。
b:才学最差，叫喊最响；能猫不叫，叫猫不能。
（6）In a kingdom of blind men, the one-eyed is the king.
a :盲人国里，独眼为王。
b: 山中无老虎，猴子称大王。
（7）For Kino and Juana this was the morning of mornings of their lives, comparable only to the day when the baby had been born.
a : 在基诺和胡安娜看来，这是他们一生中最了不起的早晨，只有宝宝出生的那一天
才可与之媲美。
b: 基诺和胡安娜认为，这一天非常重要。
（8）When Jane graduated from high school, she looked at the world through rose-colored glasses.
a: 简中学毕业的时候，是戴着玫瑰色的眼镜看世界的。
b: 简中学毕业的时候，她把一切看得太简单太容易了。
（9）孤掌难鸣
a: You can’t clap hands with one palm.
b: It’s hard to succeed without support.
（10）养虎贻患
a: feed a tiger to one’s own detriment
b: harbor somebody who later will do you harm
（11）掩耳盗铃
a: p lug one’s ears while stealing a bell
b: deceive oneself
（12）王子犯法，庶民同罪。
a: If a prince violates the law, he must be punished like an ordinary person.
b: All men are equal in the eyes of the law.
（13）母亲又说：只是我希望你若看中了什么人，能领来让大姐见一面，帮你参谋参谋。
大姐毕竟比你多吃了几年咸盐，什么样的男人，打眼一看就能看出人品的好坏来。
a: Mother spoke again: I only hope that if you’ve got your eye on someone,you’ll bring him here and let me have a look at him, so I tell you what I think. After all I’ve eaten more salt than you over the years; I’ll be able to tell you at a glance whether he is a man of character.
b:…After all I’m older than you…
Sometimes, however, literal translation may puzzle the target language readers because the corresponding form in the target language can’t convey the meaning of the source text clearly, or it may even distort the meaning. In this case, the translator can only appeal to free translation. Compare the two versions of the following examples:
（1）I gave my youth to the sea and I came home and gave my wife my old age.
a: 我把青春献给海洋，我回家的时候便把老年给了我妻子。
b: 我把青春献给海洋，等我回到家里见到妻子的时候，已经是白发苍苍了。
（2）Last night I heard him driving his pigs to market.
a: 昨夜我听见他把猪赶到了市场。
b: 昨夜我听见他鼾声如雷。
（3）But no one forces you to go to sea. It gets in your blood.
a: 但是谁也没有强迫你出海，它进到你的血液里了。
b: 但是谁也没有强迫你出海，是你心甘情愿嘛。
（4）After so much bad blood between us, how generous can I expect him to be?
a: 我们之间有这么多坏血之后，我还能指望他对我怎么宽厚呢？
b: 我们两人之间既然有这么深的仇恨，我还能指望他对我怎么宽厚呢？
（5）乱七八糟
a: seven disorders and eight chaos
b: at sixes and sevens
（6）外甥打灯笼——照舅（旧）
a: the nephew carrying a lantern---showing the way for his uncle
b: act according to the old ways
（7）这女人真是红眼病，连朋友长得好看都嫉妒。
a: This woman is really red-eyed, even jealous of her friend’s good look.
b: She is a green-eyed woman, even jealous of her friend’s good look.
In the above examples, the meaning expressed by the source language form is quite different from that expressed in the corresponding target language form. And the figures of speech used in the source langue don not conform to the target language expression, if literal translation is applied, although the source language form is kept, the translation can not be very satisfying---either the meaning is hard for the target language readers to accept or the implied meaning is unclear. Therefore, free translation is preferable.
Nevertheless, free translation shouldn’t be overused. Some translators only pursue the smoothness and beauty of the translation, paying no attention to the national cultural characteristics of the source text, so that their translation reads as if it’s about something taking place in the target language culture but not in the source language culture. For example:
(1)I’m full of scholarship; I’m full of genius; I’m full of information; I’m full of novel views on
every subject.
我学富五车，才高八斗，茹古含今，对一切问题都有最独到的见解。
This translation shows that the translator really has a very good command of Chinese, but the problem is that the two idioms―学富五车‖and―才高八斗‖bear too heavy a sense of Chinese culture; they are unique only in Chinese. When they are used to translate the English sentence, the Chinese readers may question where this source text comes from. In E-C translation many translators agree that when using the following five kinds of idioms, they should be very careful: first, those that reflect the special Chinese customs, such as义结金兰，生辰八字，second, those in which the shapes of Chinese characters are critical in understanding the meaning, such as 一字长蛇阵，and目不识丁; third, those with the names of places in China, such as 江东父老，逐鹿中原，乐不思蜀，庐山真面，逼上梁山; four, those with the names of Chinese persons, such as 女娲补天，东施效颦，廉颇老矣; five, those related to Chinese stories or allusions, such as 负荆请罪，卧薪尝胆，三顾茅庐，暗渡陈仓，指鹿为马. In summary, while the translator strives for the smoothness and easy understanding of the translation, he should try to keep the cultural characteristics of the source text. He should by no means blend Chinese cultural elements
into the Western culture; otherwise, he is depriving Chinese readers of the opportunity to appreciate the unique style of the Western culture. Similarly, in C-E translation, the translator should also be careful in using the kinds of English idioms corresponding to those Chinese idioms mentioned above. The following example is taken from ―The Lo-cha Country and the Sea –Market‖(《罗刹海市》) of Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio (《聊斋志异》):
（2）君似征人，妾作荡妇，即置而不御，亦何得谓非琴瑟哉？
You are my Ulysses, I am your Penelope; though not actually leading a married life, how can it be said that we are not husband hand wife.
―征人‖in the original sentence refers to one who stays away from his hometown and can’t come back to unite with the family members, and ―荡妇‖is the shortened form for ―荡子之妇‖, referring to his wife. Husband and wife who are deep in love with each other are always compared to ―琴‖ and ―瑟‖ in Chinese culture, the original sentence being such a case; ―置而不御‖ is used to mean the husband and wife can’t stay together. The translator of the above version uses Ulysses and Penelope, the Greek legend figures, to substitute for the Chinese cultural images of ―征人‖ and ―荡妇‖，which of course requires less effort from the English readers, but such translation conceals Chinese cultural images of ―征人‖ ,―荡妇‖ and ―琴瑟‖ .
1.3.7.2 Transliteration
Transliteration aims to reproduce the pronunciation of the source language terms. It is mainly applied to the translation of proper nouns, such as the names of persons, places, companies, trade marks, and sometimes it’s also used to translate the terms that have no equivalents in the target language. Transliteration has introduced a large number of new words into the target language. For instance, 咖啡(coffee)，沙发(sofa)，吉他(guitar)，巧克力(chocolate)，kowtow (叩头), gongfu (功夫), qigong (气功), tofu (豆腐).
When applying transliteration, the translator should bear the following points in mind: first, pronounce the terms in the source language correctly. This is the basis of transliteration. If the translator can’t even pronounce the terms correctly, how can it be possible for him to produce a correct translation? For example, ―Graham‖ should be translated into 格雷姆or格雷厄姆, but not 格雷哈姆, for ―h‖ is silent in the word.
Similarly, ―t‖ in ―Margot‖ is silent, too, so the translation of this name should be 玛戈but not 玛戈特. Some examples from Chinese to English: 东阿(Dong’e), 仇建国(Qiu Jianguo), 天津（Tianjin），北京(Beijing).
Second, follow the accepted translation. If some terms have already been translated in the target language, and the translation has been widely accepted, the translator should follow the ready translation. For example:
Ireland爱尔兰not 爱尔兰德
Adam亚当not艾达姆
Ohio俄亥俄not 欧亥欧
孔子Confucius not Kong Zi
孙逸仙Sun Yat-sen not Sun Yixian
叩头kowtow not koutou
高粱kaoliang not gaoliang
道Tao not Dao
Nonetheless, the translator shouldn’t follow those c ases of transliteration that have been rejected by the target language readers. The following terms were introduced into Chinese during the May 4th Movement, but because they are too long, or because they are not idiomatic enough, they have been rejected.
inspiration灵感（烟士玻璃纯）
ultimatum最后通牒（哀的美敦书）
philosophy哲学（菲洛索菲）
camera 照相机（开麦拉）
telephone 电话（德律风）
democracy民主（德谟克拉西）
science科学（赛因斯）
president总统（普列西登特）
bank银行（版克）
company公司（甘巴尼）
essay随笔（爱说）
office办公室（奥非斯）
Third, avoid ambiguous or rarely used words in the translation, especially in E-C translation. Some words, when used together, may convey the meaning that is absolutely different from the meaning of the original term; if they are used, the readers will be misled. For example: Congo 刚果（甘果），Tolstoy 托尔斯泰（陶师道）, Gogol 果戈理（郭哥儿），Gimpel 吉姆佩尔（金宝），jeep 吉普（鸡脯）. And the rarely used words should be avoided to make the reading easier for the target language readers. For instance, Suez 苏伊士（苏彝士），Arab阿拉伯（阿剌伯）.
Lastly, translate the abbreviated terms according to the form of their corresponding full terms. For example, Okla.→Oklahoma 俄克拉荷马,鄂Hubei, 鲁Shandong, 湘Hunan, 陕甘宁边区Shaanxi-Guansu-Ningxia Border Region, 京九线Beijing-jiulong Railway. After the abbreviated term is translated according to its full form, if the shortened form is still needed, the translator can shorten the term according to the way of expression in the target language. For example, Calif. →California→加利福尼亚→加州(but not ―克里弗‖)；河大→河南大学→Hunan University→H.U (but not H.D or HNU).
【英语】高考英语翻译专题训练答案及解析
【英语】高考英语翻译专题训练答案及解析 一、高中英语翻译 1．高中英语翻译题：Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brakes. 1．网球运动在上海越来越流行了。（popular） 2．我认为你们的建议和他们的一样有价值。（as…as） 3．只喝一杯咖啡就会使我整晚睡不着。（keep） 4．为了纪念那些勇敢的消防战士，一部电影即将开拍。（memory） 5．过了三天她才想起把雨衣忘在语言实验室了。（remember） 6．尽管山高林密，医护人员还是迅速地赶到出事地点，试试救援。（despite） 【答案】 1．Tennis is getting more and more popular in Shanghai. 2．I think your suggestion is as valuable as theirs. 3．Drinking only a cup of coffee will keep me awake all night. 4．A film will be made/ shot in memory of those brave fire fighters. 5．It was three days later that she remembered leaving/having left her raincoat in the language lab. 6．Despite the high mountains and thick forests, the doctors and nurses rushed to the scene of the accident for the rescue/to carry out the rescue. 【解析】 【分析】 翻译题要力争做到译文的正确、准确、地道三个要求。正确就是译文没有明显的语言错误，准确是指考生能运用合适的词汇和句式完整的表述原意，地道是指译文不但无语言错误，而且用此选句符合英语习惯，意义表达生动灵活。所以，做翻译题时要综合运用词句知识，注意词汇的习惯搭配和句子时态、语态、人称和句式的选择。 1．表示“越来越……”，英语的表达方式为“比较级+and+比较级用于进行时里中。 2．表示“与……一样……”应该用“as+ adj./adv原级+as…”结构。 3．本句要注意两点：1. 动名词用作主语的用法；2. keep + sb./sth. + adj (做宾补)使……保持某种状态。 4．“为了纪念……”应选用“in the memory of”固定短语来表达。 5．解答本题要注意两点：1. 强调句型的运用；2. remember doing sth.记住做过某事。6．本句较为复杂，除了掌握despite作为介词可以接名词构成介词短语作状语外，还要注意句中谓语动词的准确选择和时态的确定，最后还要注意“实施援救”这一目的状语的表达。 2．高中英语翻译题：Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 1．熬夜大大影响健康。(affect)
上海高考英语翻译题与答案(最新整理)
Part 1 Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 1、格林先生本周日要去拜访一位朋友，此人精通理财之道。（who） 2、人们是否会推迟退休还有待于讨论（remain）。 3、无论任务多么艰巨，我们都要不遗余力地完成。（However） 4、许多公司在雇佣员工时，相对于能力而言，更看重个性。（emphasis） 5、如果双方在这些事务上能达成共识，就有可能在新的领域进一步合作。（If...） 1、Mr. Green is going to visit\see a friend this Sunday, who knows a lot about money matters. 2 、It remains to be discussed whether people will delay retiring. /Whether people will delay retiring remains to be discussed. 3、However hard the task is, we should spare no efforts to accomplish it. 4 、Many companies put more emphasis on personality than on capability when they employ staff members. 5 、If both the parties can agree on these issues, they are likely to further cooperate（have further cooperation）in the new field. Part 2 Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 1.每年圣诞期间百货店里的商品都减价出售。(sale) 2.如今人们非常关注的是食品安全和空气质量。(concern) 3.无论多么艰难，交给咱们的任务都必须按时完成。(however) 4.专家们一入座外语节的演讲比赛就在王校长的主持下开始了。(Hardly) 5.遍布城市每个角落的星巴克(Starbucks) 满足了人们适应快节奏生活的需要。(adapt) 1.The goods in the department stores are all on sale at Christmas every year. 2.Nowadays what people are (very) much concerned about is food safety and air quality. Food safety and air quality are people’s major concerns nowadays. 3.However hard/ difficult it is, the task given to us must/ should be completed/ fulfilled on time. 4.Hardly had the experts sat down/ got seated/ seated themselves/ taken (their) seats when the speech contest of the Foreign Language Festival (that was) hosted by Principal Wang s tarted. 5.The Starbucks in every corner of the city have met/ satisfied/ meet/ satisfy people’s needs/ demands to adapt to a/ the fast-paced life. Part 3 Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 1、孩子们总是对周边的一切都非常好奇。(curious) 2、她在比赛中表现出色，给评委留下了深刻的印象。(which) 3、一进学校，她就意外得知有一所名校录取她了。(No sooner…) 4、奇怪的是，这些年轻人对这些我们都耳熟能详的歌曲却一无所知。(know)
专业英语翻译教案
浙江师范大学 外国语学院 课程大纲及教案 专业名称：英语专业 课程名称：《翻译》（1） 主导教材：毛荣贵《新世纪大学英汉翻译教程》所属课程组：翻译组 课程负责人： 适用年级：英语专业本科2003级200 5 —200 6 学年第一学期
翻译（1）（2）课程大纲 一、课程概况 课程名称：翻译 课程类别：专业基础课课程编号：030903081，030903082 学分：4 学时：68 开课学期：五、六 二、课程教学目标和要求 1、[教学目标] 通过本课程的教学，帮助学生有效提高翻译实践能力和理论认识，达到高等学校英语专业英语教学大纲对其翻译能力的基本要求，即：能运用翻译理论与技巧，将英美报刊上的文章以及文学原著译成汉语，或将我国报刊、杂志上的文章和一般文学作品译成英语，译文忠实、流畅，译速每小时250-300个英文单词汉字，使之可以胜任未来的中学英语教学以及其他涉及翻译能力的工作。 2、[课程要求] 本课程为系列专业基础课，由英译汉和汉译英组成，要求学生按顺序修读。为达到课程教学的目的，采用讲练结合的方式，布臵相当数量的课后作业要求学生按时按量完成，并积极参与课堂讨论。 三、教学内容与教学安排 1、[教学内容要点] 本课程教学以实践为主，理论为辅，重点是翻译技巧的介绍与练笔，翻译内容涉及各类文体、各个领域。课程安排按照讲练结合的原则展开，帮助学生有步骤有针对性地训练翻译的基本技能。通过大量的练习和讲评，强化学生对不同文本语体特点和翻译原则的认识，为其将来从事翻译工作或运用英语作为工作语言打下坚实的双语转换实践基础。 2、[教学安排] 本课程教学依据教学大纲，安排在本科三年级上、下两学期进行，共计68学时，其中36学时为英译汉，32学时为汉译英，每周2学时。教学计划允许授课教师在具体操作中有一定的灵活度，但至少应包含以下3部分的主题内容： 1)翻译概述（含翻译的标准、原则、过程、中外翻译简史及翻译名家的主要观点等）； 2)翻译技巧讲练（介绍主要的英汉互译技巧，结合学生的练笔进行讲评）； 3)多视角的翻译实践与研究（不同领域的翻译实践及其操作原则与技巧，如外来词 翻译、报刊标题及新闻翻译、旅游翻译、科技翻译、广告翻译、文化与翻译等； 在实践的基础上开始涉猎翻译的前沿理论，提高学生对翻译的理性认识，目的在 于训练其解决问题的探索能力，为其将来从事翻译实践或理论研究开辟一个窗 口）。 四、教材及主要参考资料 教材： 毛荣贵：《新世纪大学英汉翻译教程》，上海交通大学出版社2002年版 毛荣贵：《新世纪大学汉英翻译教程》，上海交通大学出版社2002年版
高三英语翻译专项训练及答案
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教案 使用教材：英语翻译教程 授课课名：翻译理论与实践 授课课号：1220010261 授课教师：温秀颖 授课年级：2005级 授课专业：英语语言文学 授课学年度：2007—2008学年度（第1学期）授课日期： 2007年9月——2008年1月 外国语学院 2007年9月
教学大纲 课程名称：翻译理论与实践 课程编号：1220010261 学时：72 学分：4 开课学期：第五学期、第六学期 课程类别：必修 课程性质：专业必修课 先修课程：无 教材：21世纪高校英语专业基础课系列教材《英语翻译教程》。为了适应新时代的需要和新大纲对翻译教学的新要求，选用由南开大学出版社出版的该教材，注意到既讲翻译技巧，也强调翻译理论；在讲理论时对各种理论采取兼收并蓄的方针，尽可能反映本学科领域的研究状况和成果，培养学生在理论上继承批判的学风。本教材以优秀的、具有一定代表性的译文赏析为线索，突出翻译的实践性，既讲翻译技巧，也讲翻译理论。 一、课程的性质、目的及任务 本课程是英语专业高年级专业必修课。旨在传授基本的翻译知识及常用的方法和技巧，通过反复实践培养学生的翻译熟练技能。其以翻译知识为先导，英汉语言的对比为基础，翻译技巧为主干，通过讲解，范文赏析，译文对比，练习和讲评等具体措施为学生打开思路，提高双语的转换能力，使学生们掌握大纲规定的必要的翻译知识与技能。 二、本课程的基本要求 (一) 掌握基本的翻译知识和规律。 (二) 能熟悉汉英语言对比，并掌握常用的翻译技巧。 (三) 对源语应有较强的语感；对两种语言现象差异和文化差异有较强的敏感性，有较强的双语转换能力。
(四) 能翻译相当于英美报刊上中等难度的文章，题材包括日常生活记叙，一般政治、经济、文化方面的论述，科普材料和浅近的文学原著。速度每小时为200—250英文词。译文再现原意，语言通顺。 (五) 能对译例的优劣得失进行适当的评析，从而提高语言分析与综合能力。 三、课程的基本内容 第5学期 Unit 1, Lesson 1; 翻译的概念、分类和译者素质；摸底练习 Unit 1, Lesson 2; 翻译技巧学习：英汉翻译的难点 Unit 1, Lesson 3; 翻译理论学习：中国翻译史简介 Unit 2, Lesson 1; 翻译技巧学习：英汉词汇和句法的异同 Unit 2, Lesson 2; 翻译技巧学习：词的翻译（一） Unit 2, Lesson 3; 翻译理论学习：翻译的标准问题 Unit 3, Lesson 1; 翻译技巧学习：词的翻译（二） Unit 3, Lesson 2; 翻译技巧学习：词的翻译（三） Unit 3, Lesson 3; 翻译理论学习：严复和信、达、雅 Unit 4, Lesson 1; 翻译技巧学习：词的翻译（四） Unit 4, Lesson 3; 翻译理论学习：五四时期的翻译 Unit 5, Lesson 1; 翻译技巧学习：否定的翻译（一） Unit 5, Lesson 2; 翻译技巧学习：否定的翻译（二） Unit 5, Lesson 3; 翻译理论学习：1949到文革前的翻译 第6学期 Unit Six Lesson one，句子的翻译（一）Exercise Unit Six Lesson Two句子和翻译（二）Exercise Unit Six Lesson Three Exercise Unit Seven Lesson One句子的翻译（三）Exercise Unit Seven Lesson Two句子和翻译（四）Exercise Unit Seven Lesson Three西方翻译理论简介（一） Unit Eight Lesson One翻译技巧学习：语篇翻译（一）Exercise
【英语】高三英语翻译专项训练及答案含解析
【英语】高三英语翻译专项训练及答案含解析 一、高中英语翻译 1．高中英语翻译题：Translate tbe following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 1．我们打篮球的时间到了。 (time) 2．他设法把游客及时送到了机场。 (manage) 3．你今晚能来参加我的生日聚会? (possible) 4．应该鼓励年轻人按照自己的特长选择职业。(encourage) 5．我对学生所谈的电子产品一无所知，我发现自己落伍了。(ignorant) 6．尽管遭受如重的自然灾害，但只要不灰心，我们终会克服暂时的困难。(Although...) 【答案】 1．It’s time for us to play basketball. 2．He managed to send the tourists to the airport in time. 3．Is it possible for you to attend my birthday party this evening? 4．Young people should be encouraged to choose their careers according to their own strong points. 5．Being ignorant of the electronic products the students are talking about, I find myself left behind. 6．Although we are suffering such a severe natural disaster, we will eventually overcome the temporary difficult as long as we don’t lose heart. 【解析】 1．考查time的用法。分析句子可知，本句为一般现在时，it is time for sb to do sth “该到某人做某事了”。为固定句型。再根据其它提示。故翻译为：It’s time for us to play basketball。2．考查manage的用法和一般过去时。分析句子可知，本句为一般过去时，manage to do sth“设法做某事”为固定短语。in time“ 及时”为介词短语，在句中作状语。再根据其它提示。故翻译为：He managed to send the tourists to the airport in time。 3．考查possible的用法和一般现在时。分析句子可知，本句为一般现在时，it is possible for sb to do sth “ 某人做某事是可能的”，it作为形式主语完成整个句子，不定式作为真正主语。再根据其它汉语提示。故翻译为：Is it possible for you to attend my birthday party this evening? 4．考查encourage的用法。encourage sb. to do sth.的被动语态形式就是sb. be encouraged to do sth.另外，此题还考查短语according to（按照）和strong points(长处，特长)。再根据其它提示。故翻译为：Young people should be encouraged to choose their careers according to their own strong points。 5．考查形容词短语作状语、定语从句以及find的用法。分析句子可知，本句为一般现在时，主语为I ，谓语为find， find oneself done表示“发现自己被…”,left behind是“被落在后面了”作宾语补足语。Being ignorant of the electronic products the students are talking about 为形容词短语作原因状语从句。products 为先行词，在后面的定语从句中，作talk about的
(完整版)高考英语翻译专项练习(附答案)
1.这部以真人真事为原型的电影很感人。(base) 2.众所周知，知识始于实践。(begin) 3.一直要想方设法讨好老板，真让我厌烦。(bore) 4.这个获胜者冈她的画而获得了一等奖。(award) 5.做志愿者的经历让我受益匪浅。(benefit) 6.无论你到何处，都要牢记在心：人国问禁，人乡随俗。(bear) 7.一些减肥广告已经在电视上停播了。(ban) 8.人们普遍认为吸烟有害健康。(It．．) 9.显而易见，这个国家的人每时每刻都可喝到新鲜牛奶。(available) 10.昨天发生的事怪不得孩子们。(blame) 11.由于大雾，从上海飞往北京的航班延误了近两小时。(because of) 12.正要付钱的时候，我的信用卡不见了。(when) 13.那本蓝封面的词典不是我的。(belong) 14.我想你不是很清楚这对我有多重要。(aware) 15.这部历史小说引人人胜，我简直爱不释手。(bear) ． 16.他从图书馆借了一些参考书而不是侦探小说。(borrow) 17.过了许多年这一秘密才被泄露出来。(before) 18.我尽量避免遇到他，冈为他总是使我厌烦。(avoid) 19.你最好不要玩火，会伤到自己的。(or) 20.每一种药物都有副作用，对健康可能造成损害。(bad)
21.听到那一激动人心的消息，我情不自禁地大哭起来。(burst) 22.做幼儿同老师需要极大的耐心。(call) 23.恐怕他们遇到交通堵塞了。(catch) 24.作为班上的尖子学生．她有能力解答这些数学题。(capable) 25.现在年轻人所缺乏的，不是书本知识，而是实践经验。(not．．but) 26.父母双方必须对养育子女承担同等的责任。(bring) 27.她的计划听上去很好，可是我们实施起来将困难重重。(carry) 28.上周因为生病我缺了一些课，但是我会努力赶上大家的。(catch) 29.如果您方便的话，今晚我想去您府上拜访。(call) 30.这位作家专心致志于写作，以致忘了自己重病在身。(bury) 31.她不在乎报酬，对她来说重要的是她的实验。(care) 32.我会待在宾馆．以防有电话。(in case) 33.警方正在竭尽全力查明火灾的导凶。(cause) 34.他不仅意识到了自己的弱点，而且想克服它。(not only．but also) 35.救援队在地震发生后不久就设法赶到了那里。(break) 36.为了承担得起出国的费用，你无论怎样节俭都是不过分的。(cannot．too) 37.在空调房间待太久会使人生病。(cause) 38.小心点．别从车上摔下来。你才刚学会骑车。(careful) 39.除了等待进一步通知，我们别无他法。(but) 40.不要打扰James，他正忙于学校音乐会的操练。(busy)