【精品】专业英语翻译教案

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浙江师范大学

外国语学院

课程大纲及教案

专业名称：英语专业

课程名称：《翻译》（1）

主导教材：毛荣贵《新世纪大学英汉翻译教程》所属课程组：翻译组

课程负责人：

适用年级：英语专业本科2003级

学年第二学期

翻译（1）（2）课程大纲

一、课程概况

课程名称：翻译

课程类别：专业基础课课程编号：，

学分：4 学时：68 开课学期：五、六

二、课程教学目标和要求

1、[教学目标]

通过本课程的教学，帮助学生有效提高翻译实践能力和理论认识，达到高等学校英语专业英语教学大纲对其翻译能力的基本要求，即：能运用翻译理论与技巧，将英美报刊上的文章以及文学原著译成汉语，或将我国报刊、杂志上的文章和一般文学作品译成英语，译文忠实、流畅，译速每小时个英文单词汉字，使之可以胜任未来的中学英语教学以及其他涉及翻译能力的工作。

2、[课程要求]

本课程为系列专业基础课，由英译汉和汉译英组成，要求学生按顺序修读。为达到课程教学的目的，采用讲练结合的方式，布置相当数量的课后作业要求学生按时按量完成，并积极参与课堂讨论。

三、教学内容与教学安排

1、[教学内容要点]

本课程教学以实践为主，理论为辅，重点是翻译技巧的介绍与练笔，翻译内容涉及各类文体、各个领域。课程安排按照讲练结合的原则展开，帮助学生有步骤有针对性地训练翻译的基本技能。通过大量的练习和讲评，强化学生对不同文本语体特点和翻译原则的认识，为其将来从事翻译工作或运用英语作为工作语言打下坚实的双语转换实践基础。

2、[教学安排]

本课程教学依据教学大纲，安排在本科三年级上、下两学期进行，共计68学时，其中36学时为英译汉，32学时为汉译英，每周2学时。教学计划允许授课教师在具体操作中有一定的灵活度，但至少应包含以下3部分的主题内容：

1)翻译概述（含翻译的标准、原则、过程、中外翻译简史及翻译名家的主要观点等）；

2)翻译技巧讲练（介绍主要的英汉互译技巧，结合学生的练笔进行讲评）；

3)多视角的翻译实践与研究（不同领域的翻译实践及其操作原则与技巧，如外来词

翻译、报刊标题及新闻翻译、旅游翻译、科技翻译、广告翻译、文化与翻译等；

在实践的基础上开始涉猎翻译的前沿理论，提高学生对翻译的理性认识，目的在

于训练其解决问题的探索能力，为其将来从事翻译实践或理论研究开辟一个窗

口）。

四、教材及主要参考资料

教材：

毛荣贵：《新世纪大学英汉翻译教程》，上海交通大学出版社2002年版

毛荣贵：《新世纪大学汉英翻译教程》，上海交通大学出版社2002年版主要参考资料：

Newmark, P. A Textbook of Translation. Shanghai: SFLEP, 2001.

Nida, E. A. Language, Culture, and Translating. Shanghai: SFLEP, 1993.

Nida, E. A. Language and Culture: Contexts in Translating. Shanghai: SFLEP, 2001.

陈宏薇：《新实用汉译英教程》，湖北教育出版社2000年版

冯庆华：《实用翻译教程》(英汉互译) ，上海外语教育出版社2002年版

杨平：《名作精译—〈中国翻译〉英译汉选萃》，青岛出版社1998年版

张培基：《英汉翻译教程》，上海外语教育出版社1980年版

中国日报网站：《汉英最新特色词汇》，上海社会科学院出版社2002年版

《中国翻译》杂志。

五、作业与考核方式

作业：相关翻译练习

考核方式：课程考核以平时作业和期末闭卷考试相结合的方式，考核成绩由平时作业成绩（30%）和期末考试卷面成绩（70%）组成。

Teaching Plan for Translation (1)

◇Title of Lesson: A Brief Introduction to Translation Week 1

◇Time Needed：Two periods（40 minutes per period）

◇Teaching Objectives：

1．Help the students achieve a basic understanding of translation: its nature, classification, evaluation criteria, the role of translator, etc.

2．Briefly introduce to the students the development of translation in China.

◇Key Teaching Points：

1．The nature and evaluation criteria of translation.

2．The difficulties involved in translating process.

◇Difficult Teaching Points:

1．The nature of translation.

2．The evaluation criteria of translation.

3．The influence of language cultural barriers on translation.

◇Teaching Contents:

I.Discussion:

●What is translation?

●What is a successful translation?

●What difficulties might occur in translating process?

A.What is translation?

1.Key words:

source language(SL) receptor language target language(TL); reproduce;

message information; equivalence correspondence

2.Nature of translation (Eugene A. Nida):

Translation consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural

equivalent of the source language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly

in terms of style.

3.Classification of translation:

a.Oral interpretation written translation

b.Human translation machine translation

c.Literary scientific political commercial translation

d.Domestication (naturalization) foreignization (estrangement, alienation)

e.Literal translation free translation

B.What is a successful translation?

1.严复：信、达、雅(faithfulness, expressiveness, elegance)

2.傅雷：以效果而论，翻译应当象临画一样，所求的不在形似而在神似

3.钱钟书：诱、讹、化

4.Eugene A. Nida: natural close; dynamicfunctional equivalence

C.What difficulties might occur in translating process?

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/a63384141.html,nguage Cultural Barriers

Translatability is lower when (1) the work to be translated is quite distant both in

time and space; (2) its form is very much unique; (3) the content is not shared in the

two cultures.

→Betrayal: Loss Distortion

2.Example analysis:

a.东边日出西边雨，道是无晴．却有晴．。

b.纵一苇

．．之所如，凌万顷之茫然

The whole sky spangled gay twinkling stars, and the Milky Way is as distinct as though it washed and rubbed with snow for -widowed.

—Romeo and Juliet

译文1：他要借你做牵引相思的桥梁

可是我却要做一个独守空闺的怨女而死去。

译文2：他本要借你做捷径，登上我的床；

可怜我这处女，活守寡，到死是处女。

3.In the long run there is a tendency: translation itself can convert intranslatability

into translatability.

e.g. crocodile’s tears; science democracy

II.The Role of Translator:

The craft of translator is … deeply ambivalent; it is exercised in a radical tension between impulses to facsimile and impulses to appropriate recreation.

— George Steiner 译者的技艺是一个深刻的矛盾体。这种技艺是在两种冲动的极度张力之间形成的：一方面是依样画葫芦的冲动，另一方面又有适当再创作的冲动。

A.Metaphors for translator:

1. A courier of the spirits （普希金）

2. A sculptor who tries to recreate a work of painting

3. A straitjacketed dancer

4. A musician an actor

5.Traduttori-traditori (Translators are traitors.)

B.Responsibility of translator:

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/a63384141.html,petent linguistic ability & bicultural knowledge

2.Being as transparent as possible

3.Being a good negotiator

III.The Development of Translation in China:

翻译史上的三个高峰期：

1.汉至唐宋佛经的转译：支谦；鸠摩罗什；道安；玄奘

2.明清以后西欧科技文化的引进：徐光启；严复；林纾；（译才并世数严林－康

有为）

3.五四之后的现代阶段：郭沫若；鲁迅；瞿秋白；傅雷；钱钟书

IV.Homework:

《新世纪大学英汉翻译教程》（P. 46）

◇Title of Lesson: Contrast between English and Chinese (1) Week 2

◇Time Needed：Two periods（40 minutes per period）

◇Teaching Objectives：

1．Introduce to the students some basic differences between English and Chinese.

2．Briefly analyze the influence of these differences on translating.

◇Key Teaching Points：

The difference of language embodies the difference in thinking styles.

◇Difficult Teaching Points:

The embodiment of different syntactic features in translating process

◇Teaching Contents:

I.Thinking Style and Diction

A.Insubstantial（虚）vs. Substantial（实）

1.Embodiment

e.g. In this new year, we face momentous uncertainties: war (or wars), a weak

economy.

译：这新的一年里，我们面临着战争（乃至连续的

．．．重大

．．．战争）、经济低迷等一系列

的不确定因素

．．。

2.Visualization

e.g. utterly quiet鸦雀无声

e.g. In 1966 the North Korean team made it to the quarter finals.

译：1966年，北朝鲜队成功地踢进

．．了四分之一决赛。

B.Static（静）vs. Dynamic（动）

Examples:

1) Compare the following two sentences and decide which one is better:

a) The pop star appeared on the stage, which caused the audience to stand up and

applaud.

b) The pop star’s presence on the stage brought the audience to their feet in

applause.

2) Translate the following sentence:

They are the employers of managers as much as they are the employs of workpeople.

译：他们不仅雇佣

．．经理。

．．工人也雇佣

II.Thinking Style and Syntax

A.Hypotaxis（从属结构）vs. Parataxis（并列结构）

1. e.g. It is a pity, that any technology are always preceded by a radical change in

(无灵名词) as subject

e.g. Doubts began to creep into people’s minds about the likely success of the

project.

译：人们

．．渐渐对这项计划成功的可能性产生了怀疑。

2.Preparatory word: it

3. e.g. It agentdoer)

e.g. It is generally believed that Hong Kong will continue to keep its prosperity and

stability after its return to China.

译：人们

．．普遍认为香港回归后会继续保持繁荣和稳定。

B.Subject-Prominent（主语句）vs. Topic-Prominent（主题句）

Examples:

1.1) We could only build one for it, you must carry on.

2.Cigarettes were the death of me.

3.If the man who was seen to take an umbrella from the City Church last Sunday evening

does not wish to get into trouble, the umbrella to No. 10 Broad Street.

4.If you confer a benefit, never remember it; if you receive one, remember it always.

5.Her sighs made it clear that she was unhappy.

6.They serious disease if certain important elements are missing.

7.By the end of the war, 800 people saved by the organization, but at a cost of 200

Belgian and French lives.

It should be noted that : Contrast between English and Chinese (2) Week 3

◇Time Needed：Two periods（40 minutes per period）

◇Teaching Objectives：

1．Introduce to the students some basic differences between English and Chinese.

2．Briefly analyze the influence of these differences on translating.

◇Key Teaching Points：

1．Lexical differences;

2．Syntactic differences.

◇Difficult Teaching Points:

The embodiment of different syntactic features in translating process

◇Teaching Contents:

Comment on the ; palace (**compare with dragon)

1.No equivalent

e.g. mascon, cosplay →a tendency of translatability (e.g. bar, disco)

2.Partial equivalent

a.Polysemy（一词多义）

e.g. aunt, bird, drink,

to ; lead; bill; reed read

b.Fixed expressions

e.g. ready money pocket money easy money of the other.

B.Word order

1.Attributive modifiers

Examples:

1) something important 重要

．．的事

2) the ancient Chinese poet中国古代

．．．．诗人

3) a little, yellow, ragged, lame, unshaven beggar一个身材瘦小

．．．

．．．．的叫化子，面黄肌

瘦，衣衫褴褛，胡子拉渣的，还瘸着腿

．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．

4) a candidate with little chance of success 一个当选希望极微

．．．．．．的候选人

2.Adverbial modifiers

Examples:

1) to develop rapidly迅速发展；extremely fast快极了极快

2) With a bag of books we walked across the garden in the gray light of the dawn.

我们提着一袋书

．．．．穿过了花园。

．．．．．，在晨曦中

3) He was quick to use self-deprecating in Rome on May 27, 1980.

他是1980

．．。

．．．．年．5．月．27．．日．出生于罗马

．．．．年．5．月．27．．日在罗马

．．．．出生的。他于1980

II.Syntactic Differences

A.Transformation of sentence structure

1.Simple Sentence →Complex Sentence