英汉翻译课堂笔记1

B. 套话、惯用语或文言句式的转换：翻译时一般应遵循译入语的习惯，尽量找到对应的惯用表达。（汉语多用四字结构）汉译英时可套用英语的程式化的、特别正式的词语，以保译文和原文意义和风格的一致。

●(15) Thank you for your kind consideration.

●承蒙垂注，谨致谢意。

●(16) The extreme shortage of recent goods made us feel regretful being unable to offer the

price.

●货源奇紧，歉难报盘。

（17）本人冒昧地邀请贵方光临我方展台，购买与否，悉听尊便。

●I venture to invite you to have a look at our stand, and you may rest assured that you will

not be pressed to buy.

●(18)兹通知，海尔公司将采取一切必要的措施，追究任何未经许可制造或销售注有

海尔商标的当事人。

●Notice is hereby given that HAIER Co., Ltd. Will take all necessary measures against any

party manufacturing and/or selling any products bearing the trade mark of "HAIER"

without being authorized.

●(19)甲方同意向乙方支付以下称为特许权使用的费用，该费用等于售货总额的5%。

●Party A agrees to pay to Party B an amount hereinafter called royalty equal to 5% of the

gross sales.

●(20)岳阳渔业公司（下称甲方）和厦门海产有限公司（下称已方）通过友好协商与

谈判达成如下协议。

●Yueyang Fishing Corporation (hereinafter referred to as Party A) and Xiamen Seafood Co.

Ltd. （hereinafter referred to as Party B) have reached the following agreement after friendly consultation and negotiation.

●An Enquiry for Quotation of Hand-made Gloves (1)

●人造皮革手套的询盘

●Dear Sirs, (2)

●尊敬的先生：

●We learn from Thomsa H. Pennie of New York that you are producing hand-made

gloves in a variety of artificial leathers.(3) There is a steady demand here for gloves of high quality at moderate(4) price.

●我们从纽约的托马斯.H.彭涅公司获悉，贵公司生产各种手工制人造皮革手套。

我们这里正好对价格适中的高质量手套有着稳定的需求。

●Will you please send me a copy of your glove catalogue, with details of your prices and

terms of payment? I should find it most helpful if you could supply samples of these gloves.(5)

●请惠寄一份贵公司生产的手套清单，并附详细的价目和付款条件。若能惠寄样

品，那是最好不过了。

●Yours faithfully,

●X X X

●XXX 敬上

● A Reply to the Enquiry of Hand-made Gloves

●回复人造皮革手套的询盘

●Dear Sir,

●We welcome your enquiry of 2nd April and thank you for your interest in our

products.(6) A copy of our illustrated catalogue is being sent to you today, with samples of our products.(7)

●尊敬的先生：

●欢迎贵公司4月2日的来函询问，谨表谢意！现寄上本公司产品的附图清单和

样品。

●Mr. Smith, our overseas director, will be in Rome early next month and will be glad to

call on you.(8) He will have with him a wide range of our manufactures, and when you see them we think you will agree that the quality of the materials used, and the high standard of craftsmanship will appeal to the most selective buyers.(9)

●下月初本公司海外销售主任史密斯先生到达罗马，届时他将很高兴前往贵公司征

求订货。看了他带去的多种货品，你们定会认同本公司产品的优质材料和精巧工艺，足以满足任何要求极高的顾客。

●We also manufacture a wide range of hand-made leather shoes in which we think you

may be interested. They are fully illustrated in the catalogue and are of the same high quality as our gloves.(10) Mr. Smith will be able to show you samples when he calls.(11) ●本公司还生产多种多样手制皮鞋，你们或许也感兴趣。其优质水平与手套无异，

请详见清单附图。史密斯先生也带有样品供贵公司选择。

●We hope the samples will reach you in good time and look forward to your order.(12) ●Yours faithfully,

●X X X

●样品将及时送达贵公司。谨盼早日订货。

●X X X 敬上

●祝酒词（1）

●Proposing a Toast

●女士们，先生们，朋友们：（2）

●Beloved ladies, Gentlemen and Friends,

●首先，让我代表本公司，向应邀前来访问我国的美国代表团的全体成员表示热烈

的欢迎！（3）

●First of all, on behalf of our company, let me extend a warm welcome to the members

of the American Delegation who have been invited to (visit) this country by this company.

●我认为你们此次访问将会促进我们双方贸易的迅速发展。（4）自从去年9月我访美

回来后，我们之间的联系还是很有成果的。（5）你们能来长沙访问（6），标志着我们之间的合作有了更进一步的发展。布朗先生在这方面做了不少努力。今晚能在这里宴请布朗先生及所有代表团成员，我感到十分荣幸。（7）

●I think that your visit will promote the rapid development of our business relations.

Since my return from the United States last September, our exchanges have been very fruitful. Your visit in Changsha shows a further step in our cooperation. Mr. Brown has done a lot in this respect. I’m much honored to host the dinner for you all tonight.

●这次布朗先生前来长沙与我们洽谈合资经营的可能性，我们非常欢迎。我们期待双

方合作获得成功。我国离现代化还有很大差距，你们愿意帮助我们使中国早日富强，我们非常感谢。（8）我们本着平等互利、互通有无的精神，努力促进我们之间的合

作，使其更有助于双方的利益。（9）

●We really appreciate Mr. Brown’s effort in coming to Changsha to talk about the

feasibility of a joint venture. We look forward to the success of our mutual collaboration.

China has a long way to go to realize its modernization. Thank you for your offer to help us create a stronger China in the near future. We’d like to promote our cooperation and make it profitable for both sides in the spirit of mutual benefit and equality and supplying each other’s needs.

●现在，请各位举杯，我提议为布朗先生的健康，为在座各位的身体健康，为我们合

作的成功，干杯！（10）

●Now, please join me in toasting to the health of Mr. Brown, to everybody else present,

to the success of our relationship. Cheers!

The genre characteristics of the texts concerning Politics and Law

A.Strict and accurate diction;

“交还” "restore" not "return"

B. New words and new concept.

E.g. 农转非agricultural people to be given non-agricultural status, “三个代表” Three Represents; “三讲”教育three emphases education

C. Chinese sentences have the characteristics of non-subject sentence, while in English we should supply the appropriate subject.

(1) 实施扩大内需的方针，适时采取积极的财政政策和稳健的货币政策，克服亚洲金融危机和世界经济波动对我国的不利影响，保持了经济较快增长。

By pursuing the principle of stimulating domestic demand and adopting the proactive fiscal policy and the sound monetary policy in good time, we overcame the adverse effects the Asian financial crisis and world economic fluctuations had on China, and maintained a relatively rapid economic growth.

D. English sentences are subject projected while Chinese sentences are theme projected.

(2)改革开放胆子要大一些，敢于实验，不能像小脚女人一样。

We should be bolder than before in conducting reform and opening to the outside and have the courage to experiment. We must not act like women with bound feet.

(3)看准了的，就大胆地试，大胆地闯。

Once we are sure that something should be done, we should dare to experiment and break a new path.

4. Explaining the translation method.

A. Ways of dealing with the redundant elements in Chinese sentence:

汉语政治法律文体中，冗词现象非常突出。汉语中的有些信息若原封不动地转换成英语，则显得累赘。翻译时要运用“减译法”、“省译”。

“财政赤字” (financial) deficit, “广大人民群众” (broad) mass (of the people), “进一步提高” (further) improve

(4)改革开放以来，我们坚定不移地推进政治体制改革，有力地促进了社会主义民主政治建设。

Since the beginning of reform and opening up, we have pressed on with political restructuring and improved socialist democracy.

汉语习惯重复，使表述准确，或使句子保持平衡，给人对称感。英语忌讳重复，在表达同一概念时倾向于变换用词，使表达多样化。翻译时应用替代、合并和变换等方法。

(5)完善文化产业政策，支持文化产业发展，增强我国文化产业的整体实力和竞争力。

It is essential to improve policies toward the cultural industry, support its development and enhance its overall strength and competitiveness.

B. Demonstrating with examples the skills of transforming Chinese "theme+rheme" sentence pattern into English "subject+predicate" sentence.

翻译汉语“主题+述题”及无主句时，关键就在通过变换或增添、拆合、反译等为译句物色一个恰当的主语，以便再现原文的严格逻辑。一般可用we, 泛指主语one，用it充当形式主语，译成被动结构或其他特殊的处理技巧。

(6)每一项重要改革方案的制定和实施，都充分考虑国家财政、企业和群众的承受力。

In conceiving and implementing a major reform, we will fully consider if the country’s financial resources, the enterprises and the people are able to sustain its impact.

(7)切实把教育放在优先发展的地位，用更大的精力、更多的财力加快教育事业发展。

In the course of development, we will steadfastly give priority to education and devote more energy and financial resources to accelerating its development.

About the Human Rights

The worldwide championing of human rights is not an attempt to impose alien values on citizens of other countries or to interfere in their internal affairs.(1)

关于人权

在全世界范围内捍卫人权非试图把外来的价值观强加给其他国家的人民或干涉他国的内部事务。

The Universal Declaration calls upon "every individual and every organ of society...to promote respect for these rights and freedoms and by progressive measures, national and international, to secure their universal and effective recognition and observance..."(2)

《世界人权宣言》呼吁“每一个人和社会机构......促进对权利和自由的尊重，并通过国家的和国际的渐进措施，确保这些权利和自由......得到普遍而有效的承认和遵行”。President Bush has committed the United States to working with other democracies and men and women of goodwill across the globe to reach a historic long-term goal:" the end of tyranny in our world."(3)

布什总统代表美国承诺与全世界其他民主政体和仁人志士一道，共同努力实现具有历史意义的长远目标：“终止我们这个世界的暴政”。

To be sure, violations of human rights and miscarriages of justice(4) can and do occur in democratic countries. No governmental system is without flaws.

诚然，民主国家也可能发生并且确实会发生侵犯人权和司法不公的现象。没有那种政府体制会是完美无缺的。

Human rights conditions in democracies across the globe vary widely, and these country reports (5) reflect that fact. In particular, democratic systems with shallow roots and scarce resources can fall far short of (6) meeting their solemn commitments to citizen, including human rights commitments.

全世界各民主政体的人权状况存在着很大的差别，有关这些国家的人权报告也反应了这一事实。尤其是基础薄弱、资源匮乏的民主制度，会远不能履行对本国公民做出的庄严承诺，其中也包括人权方面的承诺。

Democratic transitions can be tumultuous and wrenching. Rampant corruption can retard democratic development, distort judicial processes, and destroy public trust.(7)

民主转型可能会经历动荡和阵痛。腐败现象猖獗会阻碍民主的发展，扭曲司法的程序，丧失公众的信任。

Nonetheless, taken overall, countries with democratic systems provide far greater protections against violations of human rights than do nondemocratic states.

但总体而言，民主制国家为人权免遭侵犯所提供的保护措施要远胜于非民主制国家The United States' own journey toward liberty and justice for all has been long and difficult, and it is still far from complete(8).

为了让人人享有自由和公正，美国本身也走过了漫长而艰难的路程，如今依然任重而道远。

Yet over time our independent branches of government, our free media, our openness to the world, and, most importantly, the civic courage of impatient American patriots help us keep faith with our founding ideals and our international human rights obligations.(9)

然而，由于我国政府各部门彼此独立，由于我国拥有言论自由的传播媒体，由于我国能向全世界开放，而且，更重要的是，由于美国爱国公民的殷切期望和勇敢精神，我们才能始终如一地坚持我国的建国理想，履行我们的国际人权义务。

2005年工作总体部署（1）

The Master Work Plan for 2005

今年，是全面完成“十五”任务、为“十一五”发展打好基础的关键一年。（2）

This year is crucial for accomplishing all the tasks of the Tenth Five-Year Plan (2001-2005) and for laying a solid foundation for development during the Eleventh Five-Year Plan (2006-2010).

政府工作的基本思路是；以邓小平理论和“三个代表”重要思想为指导，认真贯彻党的十六大和十六届三中、四中全会精神，坚持用科学发展观统领经济社会发展全局，加强和改善宏观调控，以改革开放为动力推进各项工作，构建社会主义和谐社会，推进社会主义物质文明、政治文明和精神文明共同进步。（3）

The basic ideas for the work of the government this year are: to take Deng Xiaoping Theory and the important thought of Three Represents as our guide; to conscientiously put into practice the guidelines of the Sixteenth National Congress of the Party and the Third and Fourth Plenary Sessions of the Sixteenth Central Committee;

to continue to guide overall economic and social development by a scientific outlook on development; to strengthen and improve macroregulation; to make the reform and opening up the driving force for all our work; to build a harmonious socialist society; and to promote the simultaneous progress of socialist material, political and spiritual civilization.