2017托福阅读词汇题汇总

托福阅读词汇题汇总

20161126上午场 A卷 1. inspiring = striking启发灵感的；

2. discarded= abandoned被抛弃的；

3. baffled= puzzled困惑的;

4. confirming = proving 有说服力的，证明;

5. of no need to say = obvious显而易见的;

6. adhesive = sticky附着的;

7. ensured = guaranteed有保证的;

8. duration = length 持久;

9. enabled = allowed可行的；

10.in some degree = to certain extent某种程度上；

B卷 1. episode = event事件；

2. restore = return恢复；

3. account for = explain解释；

4. broaden = expand扩大；

5. supplant = replace代替；

6. be subjected to = be restrained to受制于；

7. augment = increase增加；

20161126下午场 1. abruptly=suddenly突然地

2. insure=guarantee确保

3. viable=capable of succeeding可行的

4. accessible=available可获得的

5. unprecedented=not previously experienced史无前例

6. era=period时代

7. suffice=be enough充足

8. spurt=sudden increase 急剧上升

9. compelling=convincing令人信服的

10. vacate=empty 清空

11. counterpart=equivalent等价物

12. essential=principal重要的

20161203 1.consistent=unvarying始终如一的；不变的

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/a718735110.html,pound=add to使加强

3.indefinitely=endlessly无限期地

4.obstruction=barrier障碍

5.exclusively=solely唯一地

6.predominantly=mainly占主导地；主要地

7.consensus=widely agree一致同意

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/a718735110.html,pensate for=make up for弥补

9.robust=healthy强健

10.accessible=available可使用的

11.optimal=ideal理想的

20161210 上午场 1.extensive=considerable广大的，范围大的

2. temporary=short-term短暂的

3.resume=begin again重新开始

4.intensive = strong 剧烈的

5.recovery=return to normal 恢复

6. complex=complicated复杂的

7.modify=change改变，修正

8.excessive=too much 过多的

9.dramatically=significantly 极大地

10. trigger=start开始

11.simultaneous=at the same time同时发生的

12..magnitude=extent程度

20161210 下午场 1. derive=obtain获得

2.successive=following连续的

3.allow for=make possible允许，使成为可能

4.abruptly=suddenly突然

5.presume=suppose推测，假定

6.stance=posture姿态

7.attribute to=responsible for归因于

20161211 1.be accustomed to=be used to习惯于

2.implement=carry out实施

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/a718735110.html,=final最终的

4.profound=significant意义深远的

5.deposit=put放置

6.reluctant=unwilling to do不情愿的

7.sculpt=shape塑造，使成形

8.adverse=unfavorable不利的

9.vigorous=energetic精力充沛的

10.accompanied by=occurred together with伴随着

11.in response to=as a result of 由于

12.drastic=very significant 极大的

20161217 1. inexplicable=mysteriously 难以解释地

2. engage in=practice 从事

3. intentional=planned 故意的

4. profusely=abundantly 大量地

5. repetitive=happen many times 重复发生的

6. elaborate=develop 进一步详细阐述，发挥

7. retention=keeping 保留

8. contribute=provide 提供

9. still=motionless 静止不动的

10. constitute=compose 构成

11. thus=therefore 因此

20170107 1. property=characteristics 特征

2. substantially=significantly 显著地

3. allegedly=supposedly 假设地

4. apparent=obvious 明显的

5. occasionally=sometimes 偶尔地

6. drastically=extremely 猛烈的

7. segregated=separated 分割

8. leftovers=remains 剩余物

9. ensured=guaranteed 确保

10. match=agree with 匹配

11．rival=competing竞争

20170114 A卷 1. faithfully = accurately 准确地，真实地

2. admiration for = high opinion of 崇拜

3. fragile = delicate 脆弱的

4. perceived = seen 被察觉到

5. garment = article of clothing 服装

6. thus = in this way 因此

7. install= put in place 安装，设置

8. prompt = encourage 促使

9. obtain = gather 获取

10. are preserved = survive 被保存下来

11. a wealth of data = a lot of information 大量的信息

12. encompass = include 包含

B 卷 1. delicate = carefully managed 需小心处理的

2.put up with = tolerate 忍受

3. entail = involve 包含，涉及

4. essential = main 主要的

5. suppose = assume 假设

6. encompass = include 包含

7. lethal = deadly 致命的

8. appeal = attract 吸引

9. emergence = development 出现

10. vicinity = area 周围地区

11. proximity =closeness 接近，靠近

20170218 A卷 1. Supplement = addition补充

2. presumed = assumed假定的

3. inhospitable = bleak荒凉的

4. sterile = barren贫瘠的

5. hazard = danger危险

6. fragile = delicate脆弱的

7. subtle巧妙的 = complex

8. hostile = combative敌对的，好战的

9. rot = decay腐烂

10. articulate（人）善于表达的；（说话）口齿清楚的 = expressive

有表现力的

B 卷 1. allied = combined联合的

2. compilation 汇编 = integration 整合

3. isolated = separated分开的，独立的

4. vulnerable易受伤害的 = unprotected

5. distinct = clear清晰的

6. intact 完好无损的 = whole完整的

7. disperse = spread传播，扩散

8. mutual = shared 共同的，互相的

9. annual = yearly每年的

20170225 1. verifying = confirming 确认，证实

2. ascend = go up 上升

3. converge on = meet at 集会，会面

4. vanish = disappear 消失

5. features = ascepts 特征

6. unrivaled = unequaled 举世无双的

7. mere = only 仅仅

8. verging on = bordering on 濒于，近乎

9. admirably 值得赞赏地= very well

10. durable = long-lasting 持久的

11. continuously = constantly 持续地

20170226 1.identifiable = recognizable 可辨别的

2.maintain = keep 保持

3.attest = confirm 证实

4.ingestion = swallowing 食入，咽下

5.inherent = biult-in 本身的，固有的

6.fluid = liquid 液体

7.unintentional = accidental 意外的，偶然的

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/a718735110.html,prehensive = complete 全面的

9.insist = state forcefully 坚持

10.interpret = understand 理解

11.copious = abundant 大量的

12.assertion = claim 声称

20170304 1. unpromising = unfavorable 不利的，不乐观的

2. oblige 使有义务= force

3. extend = expand 拓展，扩张

4. diffuse = spread 扩散

5. exhibit = show 展示

6. surplus = the amount that exceeds 过剩

7. consistent = doesn’t change significantly 一致的，持续的

8. collective = group 集体的

9. erect = construct 建造

10. reinforce = support 支撑，加强

11. constituent = component 成分

12. gradual = slow 逐渐的，缓慢的

13. predominent = are in the majority 占主导的

14. exhausting = extremely tiring 筋疲力尽的

15. obsolete = out of date 过时的，淘汰的

16. speculate = put forward as a possibility 推测

17. aggregation = groups 集群

18. lateral = side 侧边的

19. take precedence over = have greater importance than 优先，更重要

20. little short of miraculous = amazing because almost impossible 简直

是个奇迹

21. designation = identification 指定

2017.3.11. 1. anonymous = unidentifiable 匿名的

2. culminate = high point 达到顶点

3.emerged = rose 出现

4. respectively = seperately 分别地

5. decisive = determinate 决定的

6. obviously = clearly 明显地

7. widespread = common 普遍的

8. dense = thick 浓密的

9. thus = consequently 因此

10. profound = very strong 深远的

11. painstaking = need lots of efforts 需要努力的

12. prerequisite = requirement 先决条件

13. considerable = significant 可观的

14. derive = obtain 获取

15. mean = average 平均的

16. account for = explain 解释说明

17. discrepancy = inconsistence 不一致

18. striking = noteworthy 引人瞩目的

20170325. 1. intact=in complete form完整的

2. competence=ability能力

3. eventual = later 最终

4. advent = arrival来临

5. stationary= fixed 固定的

6. utilize = exercise 实施

7. adjacent = neighboring 邻近的

8. exhibit= display 展示

9. compensate for= make up for 补偿

10. crude= primitive 原始的

11. initiate= start 开始

12. elaborated=complicated 复杂的

13. remarkably close=extremely close 非常近的

14. remarkably= strikingly 惊人地

15. chronological= a list that pair past events with dates 按时间顺序排

列的

16.beneficial = helpful 有利的

17.twenty or so = roughly twenty 二十个左右

18.focused = concentrated 关注的

19.imminent = about to happen 即将发生的

20.refinement = improvement 改善

21.virtually = almost completely 几乎

22.startled = surprised 惊讶的

23.disrupt = disturb 打扰

24.rudimentary = simple 简单的，基本的

25.crude = primitive 原始的

26.eventually = in the end 最终

27.initiate = begin 开始

20170401 1. exclusively = solely 唯一地，仅仅

2. supplement = add to 补充

3. autonomous = independent 独立的

4. erase = eliminate 消灭

5. persistent = lasting 持续的

6. promote = encourage 促进

7. contradictory = conflicting 相矛盾的

8. manifestations = expressions 表现

9. evident = obvious 显然的

10. assess = evaluate 评估

11. moral = lesson 寓意，教益

12. considerable = a large amount of 大量的

13. inadvertently = accidently 偶然地

14. explicit = clearly stated 清楚表达的

15. suspicion = distrust 怀疑

16. experiment with = try to 尝试

17. drastic = extreme 猛烈的

18. acquire = obtain 获得

19. vacate = empty 清空

20. counterpart = equivalent 等价物

21. compelling = convincing 有说服力的20170415 1. regimes = governments 政权

2. a surge of = a sudden increase in 急剧增加

3. synthesizing 合成= combining

4. elevated = raised 提高的

5. rudimentary = primitive 原始的

6. motives = reasons 动机

7. anticipate = predict 预计

8. foundation = basis 基础

9. vicinity 周围地区= region

10. contribute to 导致= add to 增加

11. exhaust = use up 用完，耗尽

12. on balance = overall 总的来说

13. prevailing = widely accepted 普遍接受的

14. retention = preservation 保留20170423 1. ceaselessly = continually 持续地，不停地

2. exploit = use 运用

3. furnish = equip 提供

5. scrutiny = close observation 仔细审查

6. undoubtedly = certainly 肯定

7. scatter = distribute 分散

8. exceed = be more than 超过

9. supplement = add to 补充

10. compose = make up 组成

11. extract 提取；（用力）取出 = remove

12. pioneering 开创性的= original 独创的

13. margin = limit 极限，界限

14. sparse = thinly distributed 稀疏的

15. contract into = be reduced to 缩减成

16. promote = encourage 促进

17. bare = not covered by leaves 裸露的20170506 1. lucrative = profitable 有利可图的

2. revered = greatly admired 受尊敬的

3. advent = arrival 到来

4. impluse to = push toward 推动

5. potential = possible 潜在的，可能的

6. appreciably = significantly 可观地

7. fluctuations = variations 波动，变化

8. maintain = claim 认为

9. dramatic = powerful 巨大的

10. fulfill = achieve 完成，取得

11. steadily = continuously 稳步地，持续地

12. plague = cause trouble for 困扰，折磨

13. abrupt = sudden 突然的

14. scattered = spread apart 分散的

15. presumably = probably 大概

16. modify = change 改变

17. drastically = extensively 极大地

18. prohibit = prevent 阻止

19. eminent = distinguished 杰出的

20. conceivable = imaginable 可想象的

21. dismiss = reject 拒绝

22. relatively = comparatively 相对地

23. rebound = recover 恢复

24. roughly = approximately 大约

26. conjunction = combination 结合，交汇

27. nonetheless = even so 尽管如此

28. advocate = supporter 支持者

29. sabotage = intentionally damage 故意破坏

30.elaborately = with great detail 精心制作地，详尽解释地

31. abandon = no longer occupy 抛弃

32. intermittently = periodically 间歇地，断断续续地

33. heighten = increase 增强

34. prevail = dominate 普遍，占主导

35. substantially = largely 极大地

20170513 1. presumably = it is reasonable to assume 想必是，很可能

2. pertinent = relevant 相关的

3. subdue = defeat 打败

4. coincide with = occur at the same time 巧合，与…同时发生

5. their component = what they consist of 成分

6. postulate 假设 = propose 提议

7. exceedingly = extremely 极其地

8. ongoing = continuing 持续的

9. correspond to = match 相符

10. complexity = sophistication 复杂

11. allow = make possible 允许

12. sophisticated = highly developed 复杂的

13. surge = sudden increase 激增

14. propotion = size 比例，大小

15. sustain = support 维持

16. invariably = always 一贯地

17. formulate 确切表达 = state

18. decipher 解密 = figure out 弄明白

19. retain = keep 保持

20. initiate = start 开始

21. alter = change 改变

22. integrate = combine 结合

23. keen = sharp 敏锐的

24. intend = plan 打算

25. secrete 分泌 = creat产生

26. evoke = cause 引起

27. ingenious = clever 聪颖的

29. bizarre = strange奇怪的

30. unpredictable = uncertain 不确定的

20170520 1. relentless = without pause 不停的

2. encounter = come into contact with 遇到

3. mobilize = put into action 发动

4. remarkable = impressive 令人印象深刻的，惊人的

5. rule out = exclude 排除

6. ideal = prefect 理想的，完美的

7. periodically = at regular intervals of time 周期性地

8. elaborate = complex 复杂精细、

9. confirm = prove 证实

10. ornament = decorate 装饰

11. stamina = endurance 耐力

12. peak = highest point 顶点

13. property = characteristic 特征

14. substantially = significantly 极大地

15. allegedly = supposedly 据称

16. apparent = obvious 明显的

17. swift = fast 快速的

18. significant = considerable 大量的

19. modest = relatively small 不多的

20. consequently= therefore 因此

21. abrupt = sudden 突然的

22. derive= obtain 获得

23. core = center 核心

24. presume = suppose认为

20170527 1. divert = redirect 使转向

2. excessive = too much 过多的

3. capacity = ability 能力

4. widespread = common 普遍的

5. durable = long-lasting 持久的

6. pose = present 提出

7. hasten = hurry 急忙

8. courteous = polite 有礼貌的

9. sparse = thinly distributed 稀疏的

10. episode = occurrence 事件

11. proponent = supporter 支持者

13. resultant = consequent 结果的

14. parallel = match 比得上

15. profound = very strong 深远的

16. shallow = have little depth 浅的

17.alllied = related 相关的

18. compilation = collection 汇编，集合

19. disperse = spread 散布

20. recognized = accepted 认可的

21. simultaneously = at the same time 与此同时

22. dismiss = reject 不予考虑

23. elevated = high 高的

20170603 1. intriguing = fascinating 吸引人的

2. inconclusive = not definitive 非决定性的

3. skeptical = doubtful 怀疑的

4. unethical = improper 不合适的

5. considerable = significant 大量的

6. innovation 创新= change

7. evident = clear 明显的

8. succeeding = following 随后的

9 . persuasive = convincing 有说服力的

10. corroborate = confirm 证实

11. promote = encourage 促进

12. devastating = extremely destructive 毁灭性的

13. point out = state 指出

14. favor = prefer 更喜欢

15. install = put in place 安装

16. hierarchy = system of ranking 等级制度

17. rudimentary = simple 基础的

18. initiate 开始 = introduce 引进

19. related to = in proportion to 与。。。有关

20. distract = grab one’s attention 使注意力分散

21. speculate = guess 推测

22. pioneering 先导性的= original 原创的，新颖的

23. distinct = separate 不同的

24. enable = allow 使能够

25. restrict = limit 限制

26. stimulate = encourage 刺激，鼓励

28. lucrative = profitable 有利可图的

29. elaborate = complex 复杂精细的

30. unfavorable = disadvantageous 不利的

31. trigger = initiate 引发

32. severely = greatly 极大地

33. reinforce = strengthen 加强

20170610 1.constituent = component 成分

2.gradual 逐步的 = slow 缓慢的

3.pedominate = be in the majority 占主导地位的

4.restricted = limited 局限的

5.distinct 确定无疑的= simple （表示强调）纯粹的，完全的

6.enable 使能= allow 允许

7.pioneering 开创性的= original 原创的

8.intact = complete 完整的

9.superficially 表面地= on the first impression 依初次印象的

10.augment = add 增加

11.prolong = extend 延长

20170625 1.virtually = almost completely 几乎

2.startled = surprised 吃惊的

3. disrupt = disturb 打乱

4. rudimentary = simple 基础的

5. painstaking = at great effort 艰苦的

6. precious = expensive 珍贵的

7. his imitators = people who copied his work 他的模仿者

8. unfavorable = negative 不利的

9. more permeable = have more places where crossings could occur 更易

渗透的

10. pursue = engage in 从事

11. comparable = similar 相似的

12. exclusively = solely 仅仅地

13. supplement = add to 补充，增加

14. autonomous = independent 独立自主的

15. erase = eliminate 消除

16. likewise = similarly 相似地

17. lucrative = profitable 有利可图的

18. might = strength 力量

19. cue = signal 信号

20. qualify量化 = calculate 计算

21. arduous = difficult 艰难的

22. quest = search 追寻，搜索

23. conducive to = favorable to 有利于

24. generate = produce 产生

20170701 1. isolated 隔离的，孤立的= widely separated 远远地隔开

2. distinct = clear 清晰的

3. mutual = shared 共同的

4. exploit = take advantage of 利用

5. optimal = most favored 最佳的

6. excrete = release 释放

7. stationary 静止不动的= fixed 固定的

8. specify 明确指出 = state 说明

9. focus = concentrate 注意力集中于

10. imminent = about to happen 即将发生的

11. refinement = improvement 改善

12. alter = change 改变

13. booming = rapidly growing 快速增长

14. anticipate = expect 预期

15. intrusive 入侵的 = unwelcome

16. monumental = enormous 极大的

17. manipulate = skifully use 熟练使用

18. pursue = practice 从事

19. subsistence =survival 生存

20. constituent = component 组成部分

21. gradual 逐渐的= slow

22. predominate = are in the majority 占主导地位的

23. diffuse = spread 分散

20170702 1. collective = group 集体的，共同的

2. erect = construct 建立

3. consequent = resulting 随之而来的

4. reinforce 加强 = support

5. intact = whole 完整的

6. readily = easily 轻而易举地

7. strictly aquatic habitat = only live in aquatic environment 只生活在水

中

8. simultaneously = meanwhile 同时地

9. exclusively = only 仅仅

10. artificial = man-made 人造的

11. annual = every year 每年的

12. derive = obtain 获得

13. remian = maintain 持续

14. mean = even 平均的

20170715 上午场 1. profound = strong 强烈的，深刻的

2. plausible = resaonable 合理的，说得通的

3. honor = respect 尊敬

4. self-sufficient自给自足的 = independent

5. constant = occurring periodically 持续地

6. exploit = use 利用

7. retain = keep 保持

8. resolve = settle 解决

9. fortunately = luckily 幸运地

10. seldom = rarely 很少

11. exclude = keep out 排除…在外

12. accommodate 容纳= allow 允许

13. detect 察觉= notice 注意到

14. debate = argue about 辩论

20170715 下午场 1. obsolete = out of date 过时的

2. suitable = appropiate 合适的

3. ambitious = impressive but difficult to achieve 雄心壮志的

4. take precedence over = have greater importance than 优于

5. thereby = consequently 因此

6. generally = usually 通常

7. tend to =take care of 照顾

8. perceive = see 看待

9. scatter = spread apart 分散

10. presumably 据估计= probably 大概

20170826 上午场 1. obvious 明显的 = clear

2. adjacent to = next to 毗邻

3. widespread 广泛传播的 = common 常见的

4. dense = thick 厚的

5. sophistication = complexity 复杂精细

6. anchored = held in place 固定住的

7. eventually 最终= over time 随着时间的流逝

8. renowned = famous 著名的

9. concur with = agree with 与…达成共识

10. distinctive = characteristic 特色鲜明的

11. gradually = slowly 逐渐地

12. surplus = excess quantity 过剩

13. exhibit = display 展示

14. embody = incorporate 包含

15. collapse = fall inward 崩塌

16. intense 剧烈的= extreme 极其的

17. in retrospect = in reconsidering the past 回顾

18. scenario = version of events 情形

19. repetitive = happening many times 重复的

20. elaborate 精心制作的= developed

21. retention = keeping 保持

20170826 下午场 1. overwhelming = without doubt 绝对的

2. substantial = large 巨大的

3. inadvertently = unintentionally 无意地

4. pointless = of no use 没用的

5. unprecedented = previously unequaled 前所未有的

6. seldom = rarely 很少

7. indispensable = essential 必要的

8. hasty = hurried 匆忙的

20170827 1. cycle 循环 = pattern of events that repeat itself

2. surplus 剩余的 = extra 额外的

3. disrupted = disordered 打乱的

4. dramatically = significantly 极大地

5. trigger 引发= start

6. simultaneously = at the same time 同时

7. magnitude = extent 程度

8. ongoing 正在进行的 = continuing 持续的

9. correspond to 符合= match 匹配

10. complexity = sophistication 复杂

11. allow 允许 = make possible 使…可能

12. enhance = improve 提高

13. peculiar = unique 独特的

14. exert 运用，施加= put forth

15. disperse = scatter 分散

16. address = deal with 处理

17. scarcity 罕见= insufficiency 不充足

18. prolong 延长= extend 延伸

19. commonplace = ordinary 普通的

20. rudimentary = primitive 原始的

21. hazardous = dangerous 危险的

22. pertinent = relevant 相关的

23. cease = stop 停止

24. integrate 整合 = combine 结合

25. launch 发起 = start 开始

26. methodically 有条理地 = systematically 系统地

27. accelerate = speed up 加速

28. perfect = improve 完善

20170909 1. permeate = spread through 渗透

2. spurt = sudden increase 激增

3. camouflage = disguise 伪装

4. facilitate = make easier 促进

5. impetus 推动 = incentive 激励

6. sustain = keep 保持

7. resemble = be similar to 相像

8. wrought使发生了，造成了（尤指变化）= create

9. identical = the same 相同的

10. sophisticated = complex 复杂的

11. inconspicuous = not easily noticed 不明显的

12. plentiful = numerous 大量的

13. emergence = rise 兴起

14. routinely = regularly 常规地

15. distinctive 有特色的 = attractive 吸引人的

16. vicinity 周围地区= region

17. contribute to 导致 = add to 增加

18. exhaust = use up 耗尽

19. on balance = overall 总的来说

20170916 1. garment = article of clothing （一件）衣服

2. thus = in this way 因此

3. install 安装 = put in place

4. promote = encourage鼓励，促进

5. prerequisite 先决条件 = requirement 要求

6. proper = appropriate 合适的

7. rule out = exclude 将…排除在外

8. ideal 理想的 = perfect 完美的

9. periodically = at regular intervals of time 定期地

10. elaborate 复杂精细的 = complex 复杂的

11. constituent = component 组成成分

12. gradual 逐渐的 = slow 缓慢的

13. predominate = in the majority 占主导

14. diffuse = spread 分散

15. lucrative = profitable 有利可图的

16. revere = greatly admire 敬重

17. advent = arrival 到来

18. give an impluse to = push forward 推动

19. repetitive = happen many times 重复的

20. elaborate 复杂精细的 = developed 先进的

21. retention = keeping 保持

22. stimulate 刺激 = encourage

23. indispensable 必不可少的 = essential 必要的

24. conventional = traditional 传统的

25. confirmed = proven 经证实的

26. ornament = decorate 装饰

27. stamina = endurance 耐力

28. peak = high point 最高点

29. customarily = commonly 通常地

30. replicate = copy 复制

31. investigate 调查 = examine 检查

32. relentless = without pause 不停的

33. encouter = come into contact with 遇见

34. mobolize = put into action 动员

35. remarkable 非凡的 = impressive 令人印象深刻的 20170917 1. keenly = very 极其

2. subsequent = later 后来的

3. abundant = plenty of大量的

4. remarkable = noticeable 引人注目的

5. profound = far-reaching 深远的

6. significant = important 重要的

7. compatible = harmonious 协调的

8. account for = explain 解释

9. modify = revise 修改

10. severe = very bad 严峻的

11. exhausting = tiring疲劳的

12. presumably = it is believed据推测

13. key = essential 关键的

20170923 1. keen = intense 剧烈的，强烈的

2. evolve = develop 发展

3. contrain = force 强迫

4. motivate 刺激 = encourage 鼓励

5. unpromising = unfavorable 不容乐观的

6. a wealth of = an abundance of 大量的

7. scarcity of = lacking in 缺乏

8. diffusion = spread 分散

9. mimic 模仿= reproduce 复制

10. initially = at first 最初

11. conventional 符合常规的 = standard 标准的

12. vast = huge 巨大的

13.devastate = destroy 摧毁

14. simultaneously = at the same time 同时

15. unintentional 无意的 = unplanned 未计划的

16. alternate = take turns at 轮流

20170924 1. inevitable = unavoidable 不可避免的

2. derive = obtain 获得

3. cumulatively 累积地 = altogether 总共，一起

4. augment = add to 增加

5. intact = without breaking into pieces 完好无损的

6. potential = possible 可能的

7. favorable = advantageous 有利的

8. ambiguous = unclear 模糊的

9. convey = transmit 传送

10. exhausting = extremely tiring 精疲力竭的

11. furthermore = in addition 此外

12. consume 消耗 = use up 用光

13. surge = sharp rise 激增

14. adopt = start to use 采用

15. coexist = live together 共存

16. predominantly = mainly 主要地

17. aptitude = ability 能力

18. impressive = remarkable 惊人的

19. more robust = stronger 更强壮的

20. prolong 延长 = extend 延伸

21. in isolation = alone 孤立的

22. adept at = skilled in 熟练的

23. tactic 策略 = method 方法

24. abandoned 被抛弃的 = left

25. spectacular = remarkable 非凡的

26. outbreak = sudden increase 爆发

27. accompany = occur along with 陪伴

28. converge = come together 汇合

29. severity = seriousness 严重

30. exercise = apply 运用

31. emergence = rise 兴起

32. thus = consequently 因此

33. dominate 占主导 = most prominent 最显著的

34. immense = enormous 巨大的

35. advocate = argue for 倡议

20170930 1. prelude to = introductory step to 前奏

2. facet 方面 = form

3. impressive = remarkable 令人惊叹的

4. elaborate 复杂精细的 = complex 复杂的

5. exploit = discover 发现

6. plausible = reasonable 合理的

7. sufficient = adequate 足够的

8. exceed = be greater than 超过

9. ingenious = clever 心灵手巧的

10. feat = achievement 成就

11. bizarre = strange 奇怪的

12. unpredictable 难以预测的 = uncertain 不确定的

13. estimate = calculate approximately 估计

14. apparent = seeming 看上去的

15.submerge = put under water 没入水中

16. sculpt = carve 雕刻

17. deposit = put 放置

18. drastically = significantly 极大地

20171014 1. immense = huge 巨大的

2. alternative 可替换的 = different

3. encounter = meet 遇见

4. excessive 过度的 = extreme 极其的

5. parallel = develop at the same time and rate 与…平行

6. nonetheless = even so 尽管如此

7. advocate 倡议者= supporter 支持者

8. sabotage = intentionally damage 故意破坏

9. repel = drive away 赶走

10. notorious for 臭名昭著 = well-known for 因…而出名

11. immune to = unaffected by 免疫的

12. prone to = subject to 易于遭受…

13. wanting = inadequate

14. distinctive = characteristic 个性鲜明的

15. duration 持续时间 = length 长度

16. remote = distant 遥远的

17. durable = long-lasting 持久的

18. pose = present 提供

19. hasten = hurry 急忙

20. courteous = polite 有礼貌的

21. elaborate 详尽阐述 = develop 发展

22. chronology = a list that pairs past events with dates 按事件

发生年代排列的顺序，年表

23. remarkably close = extremely close 极近的

24. initiate = begin 开始

20171021 1. vacate = empty 清空

2. counterpart = equivalent 对等物

3. compelling = convincing 有说服力的

4. essential 关键的 = principal 首要的

5. persistent = lasting 持续的

6. promote = encourage 鼓励

7. contradictory = conflicting 相矛盾的

8. manifestation = expression 表现

9. exceed = be more than 超过

10. supplement = add to 补充

11. compose = make up 组成

12. remnant = remainder 剩余物

13. remote 偏远的 = isolated 与世隔离的

14. cite 引用 = mention 提及

15. aggregrate 总和 = collection 集合

16. transparent = images which can be seen through without

obstruction 透明的

17. cluster = group 组，团

18. many-segmented = divided into several parts 多个部分的

45天TOEFL词汇红宝书记忆计划表

1 L1~3 *L1~3 2 L4~6 *L1~3 *L4~6 3 L7~9 *L4~6 *L7~9 4 L10~12 *L1~3 *L7~9 *L10~12 5 L13~15 *L4~6 *L10~12 *L13~15 6 L16~18 *L7~9 *L13~15 *L16~18 7 L19~21 *L10~12 *L16~18 *L19~21 8 L22~24 *L1~3 *L13~15 *L19~21 *L22~24 9 L25~27 *L4~6 *L16~18 *L22~24 *L25~27 10 L28~30 *L7~9 *L19~21 *L25~27 *L28~30 11 L31~33 *L10~12 *L22~24 *L28~30 *L31~33 12 L34~36 *L13~15 *L25~27 *L31~33 *L34~36 13 L37~39 *L16~18 *L28~30 *L34~36 *L37~39 14 L40~42 *L19~21 *L31~33 *L37~39 *L40~42 15 L43~45 *L1~3 *L22~24 *L34~36 *L40~42 *L43~45 16 *L4~6 *L25~27 *L37~39 *L43~45 17 *L7~9 *L28~30 *L40~42 18 *L10~12 *L31~33 *L43~45 19 *L13~15 *L34~36 20 *L16~18 *L37~39 21 *L19~21 *L40~42 22 *L22~24 *L43~45 23 *L25~27 24 *L28~30 25 *L31~33 26 *L34~36 27 *L37~39 28 *L40~42 29 *L43~45 30 *L1~3 31 *L4~6 32 *L7~9 33 *L10~12 34 *L13~15 35 *L16~18 36 *L19~21 37 *L22~24 38 *L25~27 39 *L28~30 40 *L31~33 41 *L34~36 42 *L37~39 43 *L40~42 44 *L43~45 *单词一天不背就会忘，一个月不背就会前功尽弃。请坚持每天45分钟左右的时间复习3个List，可保无忧！ 背一页红宝书单词10个需要5分钟。在背下一页前，立即返回第一个单词，迅速复习一遍。第二页也是如法炮制。用这种方法背过6页以后，立即从第一页开始复习。由于这些单词刚刚背过这一遍复习只需要三分钟。然后用同样的方法背1～12页。整个List大约一个小时。 最佳记忆时间上午9-11、下午3-4. 晚上7-10 本方法进行到中间阶段地时候，是最为关键也是最为痛苦地时候，极其容易半途而废，请一定咬牙挺过去。如果实在坚持不下去了。把一天3个List减少到2个List。从本质上来讲，背单词就是一个与遗忘不断的奋斗的过程，正可谓逆水行舟，不进则退。 人的记忆周期分为短期记忆和长期记忆两种。

【参考借鉴】历年托福词汇题汇总440题(有答案).doc

优质参考文档 TOEFL词汇题精选440题 001.Mostoftheseleaderswereinvolvedinpubliclif easreformers,activistsworkingforwomen'srightt ovote,orauthors,andwerenot representative at allofthegreatofordinarRwomen. Theword"representative"isclosestinmeaningto whichoffollowing? (A)tRpical (B)satisfied (C)supportive (D)distinctive 002.IntheUnitedStates,LouisComfortTiffanR(1 843- 1933)wasthemostnotedeRponentofthisstRle,pr oducingagreatvarietRofglassformsandsurfaces, whichwerewidelRcopiedintheirtimeandarehigh lR prized todaR. Theword"prized"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoff ollowing? (A)valued (B)universal (C)uncommon (D)preserved 003.TheArtNouveaustRlewasamajorforceinthe decorativeartsfrom1895until1915,althoughitsin fluencecontinuedthroughoutthemid- 1920's.ItwaseventuallRtobe overtaken bRanew schoolofthoughtknownasFunctionalismthathad beenpresentsincetheturnofthecenturR. Theword"overtaken"isclosestinmeaningtowhic hoffollowing? (A)surpassed (B)inclined (C)eRpressed (D)applied 004.Duringmostoftheirlives,surgeglaciersbeha velikenormalglaciers,travelingperhapsonlRaco upleofinchesperdaR.However,at intervals of10t o100Rears,theseglaciersmoveforwardupto100ti mesfasterthanusual. Theword"intervals"isclosestinmeaningtowhich offollowing? (A)records (B)speeds (C)distances (D)periods 005.Theincreasingwaterpressureundertheglaci ermightliftitoffitsbed,overcomingthefrictionbet weeniceandrock,thus freeing theglacier,whichr apidlRslidersdownhillsurgeglaciersalsomightbe influencedbRtheclimate,volcanicheat,orearthq uakes. Theword"freeing"isclosestinmeaningtowhicho ffollowing? (A)pushing (B)releasing (C)strengthening (D)draining 006.AfloodoficewouldthensurgeintotheSouther nSea.Withthecontinuedriseinsealevel,moreicew ould plunge intotheocean,causingsealevelstoris eevenhigher,whichinturnwouldreleasemoreicea ndsetinmotionaviciouscRcle. Theword"plunge"isclosestinmeaningtowhichof following?

老托福阅读真题及答案解析

老托福阅读真题及答案解析 托福从听、说、读、写四方面进行英语能力全面考核。托福频道为大家提供了这四个方面的资料，希望对大家有所帮助。 Aviculturists, people who raise birds for commercial sale, have not yet learned how to simulate the natural incubation of parrot eggs in the wild. They continue to look for better ways to increase egg production and to improve chick survival rates. When parrots incubate their eggs in the wild, the temperature and humidity of the nest are controlled naturally. Heat is transferred from the bird's skin to the top portion of the eggshell, leaving the sides and bottom of the egg at a cooler temperature. This temperature gradient may be vital to successful hatching. Nest construction can contribute to this temperature gradient. Nests of loosely arranged sticks, rocks, or dirt are cooler in temperature at the bottom where the egg contacts the nesting material. Such nests also act as humidity regulators by allowing rain to drain into the bottom sections of the nest so that the eggs are not in direct contact with the water. As the water that collects in the bottom of the nest evaporates, the water vapor rises and is heated by the incubating bird, which adds significant humidity to the incubation environment. In artificial incubation programs, aviculturists remove eggs from the nests of parrots and incubate them under laboratory conditions. Most commercial incubators heat the eggs fairly evenly from top to bottom, thus ignoring the bird's method of natural incubation, and perhaps reducing the viability and survivability of the hatching chicks. When incubators are not used, aviculturists sometimes suspend wooden boxes outdoors to use as nests in which to place eggs. In areas where weather can become cold after eggs are laid, it is very important to maintain a deep foundation of nesting material to act as insulator against the cold bottom of the box. If eggs rest against the wooden bottom in extremely cold weather conditions, they can become chilled to a point where the embryo can no longer survive. Similarly, these boxes should be protected from direct sunlight to avoid high temperatures that are also fatal to the growing embryo. Nesting material should be added in sufficient amounts to avoid both extreme temperature situations mentioned above and assure that the eggs have a soft, secure place to rest. 1. What is the main idea of the passage ? (A) Nesting material varies according to the parrots' environment. (B) Humidity is an important factor in incubating parrots' eggs. (C) Aviculturists have constructed the ideal nest box for parrots. (D) Wild parrots' nests provide information useful for artificial incubation. 2. The word "They" in line 2 refers to

历年托福词汇题汇总440题(有答案)

TOEFL词汇题精选440题 001. Most of these leaders were involved in public life as reformers, activists working for The word "representative" is closest in meaning to which of following? (A) typical (B) satisfied (C) supportive (D) distinctive 002. In the United States, Louis Comfort Tiffany (1843-1933) was the most noted exponent of this style, producing a great variety today. The word "prized" is closest in meaning to which of following? (A) valued (B) universal (C) uncommon (D) preserved 003. The Art Nouveau style was a major force in the decorative arts from 1895 until 1915, although its influence continued throughout the mid-1920's. It was eventually to be overtaken by a new school of thought known as Functionalism that had been present since the turn of the century. The word "overtaken" is closest in meaning to which of following? (A) surpassed (B) inclined (C) expressed (D) applied 004. During most of their lives, surge glaciers behave like normal glaciers, traveling perhaps only a couple of inches per day. However, at intervals of 10 to 100 years, these glaciers move forward up to 100 times faster than usual. The word "intervals" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) records (B) speeds (C) distances (D) periods 005. The increasing water pressure under the glaciers also might be influenced by the climate, volcanic heat, or earthquakes. The word "freeing" is closest in meaning to which of following? (A) pushing (B) releasing (C) strengthening (D) draining 006. A flood of ice would then surge into the turn would release more ice and set in motion a vicious cycle. The word "plunge" is closest in meaning to which of following? (A) drop (B) extend (C) melt (D) drift 007. Group members look to instrumental leaders to "get things done." Expressive leadership, on the other hand, is leadership that emphasizes the collective well-being of a social group's members. The word "collective" is closest in meaning to which of following? (A) necessary (B) typical (C) group (D) particular 008. They offer sympathy when someone experiences difficulties or is subjected to discipline, are quick to lighten a serious

托福阅读真题100篇原文+题目(一)

托福阅读真题100篇原文+题目(一) 托福阅读在备考的过程中，大家可以多找一些真题来进行练习 PASSAGE 1 By the mid-nineteenth century, the term icebox had entered the American language, but icewas still only beginning to affect the diet of ordinary citizens in the United States. The ice tradegrew with the growth of cities. Ice was used in hotels, taverns, and hospitals, and by someforward-looking city dealers in fresh meat, fresh fish, and butter. After the Civil War (1861-1865),as ice was used to refrigerate freight cars, it also came into household use. Even before 1880, halfthe ice sold in New York, Philadelphia, and Baltimore, and one-third of that sold in Boston andChicago, went to families for their own use. This had become possible because a new householdconvenience, the icebox, a precursor of the modern refrigerator, had been invented. Making an efficient icebox was not as easy as we might now suppose. In the early nineteenthcentury, the knowledge of the physics of heat, which was essential to a science of refrigeration,was rudimentary. The commonsense notion that the best icebox was one that prevented the icefrom melting was of course mistaken, for it was the melting of the ice that performed the cooling.Nevertheless, early efforts to economize ice included wrapping the ice in blankets, which kept theice from doing its job. Not until near the end of the nineteenth century did inventors achieve thedelicate balance of insulation and circulation needed for an efficient icebox. But as early as 1803, an ingenious Maryland farmer, Thomas Moore, had been on the righttrack. He owned a farm about twenty miles outside the city of Washington, for which the villageof Georgetown was the market center. When he used an icebox of his own design to transport hisbutter to market, he found that customers would pass up the rapidly melting stuff

托福词汇题练习题集

词汇题练习—tpo1-7 1.The word “precious” in the passage is closest in meaning to a.Exact b. scare c. valuable d.initial Although limited to a skull, the Pakicetus fossil provides precious details on the origins of …… 2.The word “exposed” in the passage is closest in mening to a.Explained b. visible c.identified d. located Several skeletons of another early whale, Basilosaurus, were found in sediments left by…and now exposed in the Sahara desert. 3.The word “propulsion” in the passage is closest in meaning to a.Staying afloat b.changing direction c. decreasing weight d.moving forward The structure of the backbone shows, however, that it swam like modern whales by moving the rear portion of its body up and down, even though a fluke was missing. The large hind legs were used for propulsion in water. 4.The word “threatened” in the passage is cloest in mening to a.Restricted b. endangered c. prevented d. rejected The expansion of desert-like conditions into areas where they did not previously exist is called deserfication. It has been estimated that an additional one-fourth of the Earth’s land surface is threatened by this process. 5.The word “delicate” in the passage is cloest in meaning to a.Fragile b.predictable c. complex d.valuable The semiarid lands bordering the deserts exist in a delicate ecological balance and are limited in their potential to adjust to increased exvironmental pressures. 6.The word “progressively” in the passage is cloest in meaning to a.Openly b. impressively c. objectively d.increasingly The cultivation of crops has expanded into progressively drier regions as population densities have grown. 7.The phrase “devoid of” in the passage is closest in meaning to a.Consisting of b. hidden by c. except for d. lacking in Since the raising of most crops necessitates the prior removal of the natural vegetation, crop failures leave extensive tracts of land deviold of a plant cover and susceptible to wind and water erosion. 8.The word “readily” in the passage is closest in meaning to a.Frequently b. easily c. intelligently d. obviously Exhibitors, however, wated to maximize their profits, which they could do more readily by projecting a handful of films to a hundreds of customers at a time…. 9.The word “assistance” in the passage is closest in meaning to a.Criticism b. leadership c. help d. approval …with the assistance of Edison’s former assistant…… 10.The word “expanded” in the passage is closest in meaning to a.Was enlarged b. was improved c. was varied d. was rejected At the same time, the image that the spectator looked at expanded from the miniscule peepshow dimensions of 1-2 inches (in height) to the life-size proportions of 6 or 9 feet. 11.The word “out of sight” in the passage is closet in meaning to (A) far away (B) hidden (C) partly visible d discovered 12.The word “incredible” in the passage is closet in meaning to (A) confusing

2019托福词汇表热点词汇汇总

2019托福词汇表热点词汇汇总 学习英语词汇是一个长久的过程，希望大家一定要坚持下去呀！下面小编给大家带来2019托福词汇表热点词汇汇总，希望对你们有所帮助。 2019托福词汇表之环保话题类 white pollute 白色污染 sustainable development 可持续发展 ecosystem 生态系统 environmental pollution 环境污染 over-fishing (overgrazing) 过度捕捞 (过度放牧) sand storm 沙尘暴 resource exhaustion 资源枯竭 water and soil conservation 水土保持 soil erosion 土壤流失 clear-cutting (deforestation) 滥砍滥伐 desertification 沙漠化 conserve natural resources 保护自然资源 shortage of fresh water 淡水短缺 disruption of ecological balance 生态失衡 natural preservation zone 自然保护区 2019托福词汇表之教育话题类 the craze for graduate school 考研热 surf the internet 网上冲浪 cyberspace 网络空间 inter-disciplinary talent 复合型人才 assignment of graduates 毕业生分配 net friend 网友 examination-oriented education 应试教育 teach students according to their aptitude 因材施教 quality-oriented education 素质教育

托福TPO词汇题汇总

TPO4 inhibit=restrict 限制，禁止inthesamebreath=immediately 立即 indefiniteperiod=whoseendhasnotbeendetermined rebound=recovery 复原，重获 amarkeddegree=aconsiderabledegree 很大程度上principal=major 主要的 environmentaltrappings=environmentaldecorations accumulate=buildup 累积adjacent=nearby 临近的sloping=inclining 倾斜的foul=pollute 污染 TPO5 exhibit=show 展示facilitate=makeeasier 促进suspended=hung 悬浮的afford=offer 提供，支付的起overwhelming=powerful 有力的，强大的implement=tool 工具undisputed=acknowledged 认可的，无可争议的significant=important 重要的不定期的装饰 relatively=comparatively 相对地

diversification=emergenceofmanyvarieties 多样化promote=encourage 激励 TPO6 exploit=utilize 利用vastly=greatly 极大地，深 远地growaccustomedto=becomeusedto 习惯于 retain=maintain 保持rudimentary=basic 基础的meticulously=carefully 仔细地，严谨地 endure=survive 忍受，存活virtually=nearly 事实 上，几乎plausible=believable 可信的 phenomenon=occurrence 现象，发生的事件 critically=fundamentally 根本地 perspective=viewpoint 观点 TPO7 objective=purpose 目的 scoresof=largenumbersof 大量的turbulent=violent 暴力的obsessionwith=fixationon 痴迷于 foster=encourage 培育，激励sphere=area 范围diffuse=spread 传播 profound=far-reaching 深远地 ritual=ceremonial 仪式flee=runawayfrom 逃避 TPO8 massive=verylarge 大量的 pinpoint=identifyprecisely 精确描述，精确定位ingenuity=cleverness 精巧predominant=principal 主 要的cope=adapt 处理，适应 fluctuation=variation 变化，波动bombard=strike 敲 击，轰炸disruption=disturbance 干扰

18年托福阅读真题附答案

The Extinction of the Dinosaurs million years ago) and the Paleocene period (65..C55 million years ago) in part by the types and amounts of rocks and fossils they contain or lack. Before the limit of 65 million years ago，marine 2.strata are rich in calcium carbonate due to accumulations of fossils of microscopic algae deposited on the sea floor. Above the 65-million-year limit，sea-floor sediments contain much less calcium carbonate ，and fossils of several families of mollusks are no longer found. In continental sediments ，dinosaur fossils ，though frequent before 65 million years ago ，are totally absent. By 3.contrast，new families of mammals appear，including large mammals for the first time. Scientists wondered for many years about what could have caused the dinosaurs' rapid disappearance at the end of the Cretaceous period，coming up with a great variety of theories and scenarios. For some, it could have been due to unfavorable genetic changes triggered by a dramatic increaseby a factor of 10，100，1，000 in cosmic-ray particles reaching the Earth after a supernova explosion somewhere in the neighborhood of the solar system. For these high-energy particles to affect life，they would have to get through the protective barrier of the Earth's magnetosphere ，the region of the upper atmosphere controlled by Earth's magnetic field. That could have happened if the cloud of particles from the supernova explosion reached the Earth during a period when the magnetosphere was weakened ， something that may happen when the Earth's magnetic field changes direction. And we know that the magnetic north and south poles of the Earth switch on the average twice every million years. However，this is not the only possible explanation for dinosaur destruction . 4.Other theories have raised the possibility of strong climate changes in the tropics (but they then must be explained) . Certainly，if climate changes，the changed distributions of temperature and rainfall modify the conditions that favor one ecosystem over another. The extinction of a particular family，genus，or species may result from a complicated chain of indirect causes and effects. Over thirty years ago ，scientist Carl Sagan quoted one suggestion that the demise of the dinosaurs resulted from the disappearance of a species of fern plant that was important for dinosaur digestion. Other theories involved a worldwide cold wave following the spread of a layer of cold but not very salty water in the world's oceans ，which floated on the surface because，with its low salinity，the water was less dense. 5.Proponents of another theory that remains under consideration today postulate that the extinction of the dinosaurs corresponds to a period of intense volcanic activity. It's not a question of just one or even of a thousand eruptions comparable to the explosion of Krakatoa in 1883，one of the largest volcanic events in modern times ，but rather of a prolonged period of activity. On the Deccan plateau in India，basalt (volcanic) rocks cover more than 500，000 square kilometers (nearly 200，000 square miles)，and correspond to massive lava outflows occurring precisely at the end of the Cretaceous. This sort of outflow could correspond to volcanic activity similar to the activity that drives sea-floor spreading ，with lava emerging from elongated fractures in the crust rather than from craters. 6.The volcanic convulsion that buried the Deccan plateau in lava must also have changed the composition of the atmosphere and severely affected climate. Initially，there must have been strong sudden cooling resulting from the blocking of sunlight by sulfate aerosol veils in the