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创新大学英语预备级Unit 4 讲义

Unit 4 Sports

Part One Listening Comprehension

Task I Listening practice--listen to the word.

1.Guide Ss to read the six phonetic symbols: /p/, /b/,/k/,/g/,/t/

2.Let Ss take turns to read one group of words respectively, and correct the pronunciation if necessary. (10')

3.Write down the vowels on the blackboard, and let Ss read after the teacher. (3')

4.Listen to the tape and tick the word you hear. (5')

5.Play the recording once again and check the answers one by one.(5')

Task I Listening practice--listen to the conversations.

1.Guide Ss to read the choice items so as to get known something of the conversation. (3')

2.Play it once again and let Ss repeat it sentence by sentence. The teacher repeat and explain some difficulty points to make Ss know the contents of the conversation.(5')

3.Play the tape once again sentence by sentence, trigger Ss to repeat the sentences so as to get the exact meaning of the conversations. (3')

bark: 狗叫pill: 药丸bill: 账单pest：害虫，讨厌的人cap：帽子cab：出租车pat：轻拍pie：馅饼tear: 眼泪bride：新娘coal：煤pit：凹陷peep：偷看bless：保佑cousin：堂表兄弟姐妹niece：侄女nephew：侄子secretary：秘书librarian：图书管理员client：顾客dentist：牙医fix my watch : 修表by appointment: 预约Run a temperature: 发高烧

Task II Topic-related listening

1.Let Ss listen to the tape of two conversations and do the exercises.(8')

2.Check their answers without correcting their wrong answers. (12')

3.Listen to the tape once again and then check their answers one more times to see if they can understand the conversations better.(5')

4.Play the tape sentence by sentence and let Ss repeat what they heard.(6')

Part Two Reading

Leading-in

1.As we see just now, the title of this unit is sports, then could you tell me what is your favorite sport? Or to be more specific, what is your way to like the sport?

Watching the match or participating in the game?

2.Who is your favorite sport star? And why?

Basketball, tennis, football, Ping-Pong and so on.

3.Besides it, what is the significance of sport in life?

Relax.

Task I Reading Comprehension—Surfing: The Adventure of Riding a Wave

1.Give Ss time to read the two passages and do the multiple choices.

Tell Ss to actively read the passage and analyze the text organization while reading.

Try to guess what will be told in the following part will be interesting for you to read.

As for passage one, the author first gives us a brief introduction, then its history, and then what is needed to go surfing.

2.Explain the difficult sentences.

Task I Reading Comprehension—Boxing, the Legalized Murder

1.Read through the passage and do the exercise. (15')

As for passage two, what do you think would be said about boxing? Yes, the reason why boxing is the legalized murder will be rendered. In this case, why does boxing still exist in the world?

Remind them to make full use of the same words appearing in the passage and the questions and take

a guess. And tell them nearly all the answers can be found in the passage.

2. Check the answers in the fast reading. (5')

Task II Fast Reading—Learn English Expressions Related to the Human Body

1.Read the statements in the exercise so as to focus the attention on the relevant sentences.

2.Read the blank-filling part and get known that special attention should be made on these two

persons: Coubertin and William Brooks.

3.Let Ss read the passage in a limited time and finish the exercise, try to apply the reading skill,

like skimming and scanning.

Part Three Intensive Reading

Leading-in

There are some words and expressions about sports:

裁判：referee 教练：coach 参赛选手：contestant 业余选手：amateur 冠军：championship 记录保持者：record holder 武术：martial arts 运动场馆：sports venue 锦标赛：tournament 健身房：gymnasium 拉拉队长：cheer-leader 亚军：runner-up 季军：bronze-medalist 田径：track and field 跳远：long jump 跳高：high jump 撑杆跳：pole jump 三级跳：triple jump 接力赛：relay race 障碍跑：hurdle race 竞走：walking race 杂技：acrobatics 单杆：horizontal bar 双杆：parallel bars 高低杆：uneven bars 举重：weightlifting 拳击: boxing 摔跤: wrestling 速滑: speed skating 花样滑冰: figure skating 越野滑冰: cross country ski 蛙泳: breaststroke 蝶泳: butterfly stroke 潜泳: dolphin stroke New words and expressions

1. Let Ss read the new words by themselves. While reading, try to get familiar with their meaning and usage. (8')

2. Let Ss read after the teacher and guide Ss to remember the words. (15')

Track and field:

Track: a course on which runners, cars, etc. race

Compete: to try to win sth. in competition. Compete with sb.

She competed with her rival for a prize

Compete--competitive—competition—competitor

Record: as a noun, break world records, hold the records, record holder

as a verb: record what you heard just now

Checking out: to find out about sb./sth.

Tom checked out the difference between those two pictures. (查看，核查)

I am checking out early tomorrow morning. （结账）

Share: share passion for sth. with others,

Share happiness and sadness with friends

Passion--passionate enthusiasm--enthusiastic

Offer: offer sth to sb. /offer sb. sth.

He offered a glass of wine to me.

He offered me a glass of wine.

Provide: provide sb with sth / provide sth for sb

The new law provided everybody with human rights.

The new law provided human rights for everybody.

Athlete--athletic

In a row: continuously, one after another without a break

The students stood in a row.

In spite of / despite: although

He has modern ideas in spite of his great age.

Despite our disagreements, we still can find something in common. Disappointing—disappointed--appoint (to make a time for doing sth) The game result was disappointing.

I was very disappointed with myself.

Qualify--qualification be qualified for (be suitable for some position) That woman might be qualified for a position of law.

He is qualified as a professional doctor.

Switch: change or exchange completely or unexpectedly

My mother's interest had switched to my health. （改变，转换）Where is the light switch? (开关)

Former--latter:前者，后者

Bad men always laughed at their former friends.

Of the two the latter is better than the former.

In particular: specially, especially

She likes fruit and tomatoes in particular.

Be particular with sth. / be critical of sth.:

Ted was very particular about the colors he used.

Tom's parents were highly critical of the school.

Assert：Make other people recognize the right and authority.

She continued to assert that she was innocent.

Dominance—dominant

Assert one's dominance: to consolidate one's position as the top man in certain field

To assert its dominance, America wanted to be the international police of the world. Effect—effective:

The environmental effect of this new factory could be disastrous.

Confidence--confident--confidently

She is of confidence of her singing.

She is confident of her singing.

Positive--negative: take a positive/negative attitude toward sth optimistic, pessimistic

Be positive about your future.

Doubt: be uncertain about. --doubtful

I never doubted that she would come.

There is no doubt at all that we did the right thing.

I’m doubtful of the team’s chances in the match.

Accomplish: succeed doing sth

They'll certainly accomplish the work.

Text—How to Be a Good Listener

1.Skim the text quickly and figure out the text organization, then finish the Ex. on P85. (15')

2.When Ss finish the Ex, check all the answers. (10')

3.Explain the text in detail.(45')

1)As + n./ adj + as:

第二个“as”前的部分应该是一个完整的分句，其后是另一个分句，只是省略了重复的部分He has much enthusiasm for the sport now.

He had much enthusiasm for the sport when he started competing.

He has as much enthusiasm for the sport now as he did when he started competing

2)Of all time: ever, since records/history began：有史以来

The novel was considered a masterpiece of all time.

at a time: 一次，一下子

The buses seemed to arrive three at a time.

at one time: 曾经，一度

At one time I would have reacted very differently to his comment.

at that time: 当时，那时候

He lived in the Victorian period. At that time they work longer hours.

3)Admit—admission

We have to admit that she is good at her job.

His admission that he was to blame kept the others from being punished.

Part Four Oral Practice

1.Let Ss read the lyric of the Olympic anthem in 1988 and appreciate the sportsmanship expressed

between lines.(15')

2.Explain the meaning of the anthem to Ss, and let Ss get prepared to read the lyric to the class.

Hand in Hand 1988 汉城奥运会主题曲

We see the fire in the sky

We fell the beating of our hearts together

This is our time to rise above

We know the chance is here to live forever, for all time

Hand in hand we stand all across the land

We can make this world a better place in which to live

Hand in hand we can start to understand

Breaking down the walls that come between us for all time

Every time we give it all we feel the flame eternally inside us

Lift our hand up to the sky

The morning calm helps us to live in harmony for all time

Translation:

看圣火映红天空

我们感到心儿在一起跳动

快让我们昂首挺胸辉煌时刻将会永恒在心中到永远

我们手拉手把世界走遍让我们共同创造一个美好家园

我们手拉手心与心相连打碎重重阻隔

我们心相连到永远手拉手每一次我们相见

我们看到胸中燃烧着火焰举起手伸向天边

清晨宁静能让生活和谐无限到永远

3.Let Ss name the picture with their partner; try to recall as many sporting events as they can. Relay race, hurdle race, golf, cycling, skating, softball, badminton, and weightlifting.

More sporting events:

Speed skating, figure skating, high jump, long jump, triple jump, breaststroke, sidestroke, butterfly stroke, dolphin stroke, horsemanship, martial arts and so on.

4.Ask some students one by one what sports most young people go in for. (15')

5.Divide the class into 2-person group with the same amount of students, ask Ss to discuss the

situations and act out. (15')

Part Five Grammar—直接引语和间接引语

引述别人的话有两种方式：一是使用引号引出人家的原话，这叫做直接引语(direct speech)；一是用自己的话把人家的话转述出来，这叫做间接引语(indirect speech)。

1.直接引语是陈述句时，间接引语为that引导的宾语从句（口语中that可以省略）。

2.直接引语是疑问句时，一般疑问句或反意疑问句变为if (whether)引导的宾语从句。

3.特殊疑问句变为由原来的疑问词引导的宾语从句。

4.直接引语是祈使句时，间接引语为不定式，作ask , tell, beg, order, warn, advise等动词的宾

语补足语（don't 变为not ）。

5.如果主句谓语动词为各种现在时或一般将来时，则间接引语中的动词仍保持直接引语原来

时态。如果主句谓语动词为过去时，间接引语中的动词时态按下列变化：

一般现在时变为一般过去时；现在进行时变为过去进行时；一般将来时变为过去将来时

现在完成时变为过去完成时；一般过去时变为过去完成时；过去完成时不变，仍为过去完成时。

6.注意：

（1）如果直接引语是表示客观真理时，变为间接引语，一般现在时不改为一般过去时。如：The teacher said "The earth goes round the sun."

→The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.

（2）如果直接引语中有明确表示过时间的状语，变为间接引语时，一般过去时不改为过去完成时。

如：He said to me, "I was born in 1973."

→He told me that he was born in 1973.

(3) 如果直接引语所述事实在当时和目前同样生效，变为间接宾语时，一般现在时不改为一般过去时。

如：He said, "I'm a boy, not a girl."

→He said that he is a boy ,not a girl.

(4) 如果直接引语中的谓语动词表示一种反复出现或习惯动作，在变为间接引时，一般现在时不改为一般过去时。

如：The girl said, "I get up at six every morning."

→The girl said that she gets up at six every morni ng.

(5) 如果直接引语中含有since, when, while 引导的表示过去时间的状语从句，在变为间接引语时，只改变主句中的谓语动词，从句的一般过去时则不变。

如：He said to me, "I have taught English since he came here ."

→He told me that he had taught English since he came here.

(6) 如果直接引语中含有情态动词must, need, had better以及情态动词的过去式could, might, should, would,在变为间接引语时，这些情态动词没有时态的改变。

例如：The teacher said to me . "You must pay more attention to your pronunciation."

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He said , "I could swim when I was only six ."

→He said that he could swim when he was only six.

7.Now---then today---that day this week(month ,etc)---that week (month ,etc) Yesterday---the day before last week(month ,etc)---the week(month ,etc) before

three days (a year ,etc) ago---three days (a year. etc) before tomorrow---the next (following) day next week (month ,etc)---the next (following ) week (month ,etc)

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