全新版大学英语第四册综合教程练习答案

一
Vocabulary
I. 1. 1) alliance
3) stroke
5) minus
7) declarations

2) heroic 4) limp
6) regions 8) siege

Appendix I - $9
9) raw 10) retreat
11) have taken their toll 12) In the case of
13) campaign 14) at the cost of
15) has been brought to a halt
2. 1) is faced with 2) get bogged down
3) is pressing on / pressed on 4) drag on
5) picking up 6) falling apart
7) cut back 8) take over
3. 1) The rapid advance in gene therapy may lead to the conquest of cancer in the near future.
2) The border dispute between the two countries resulted in thousands of casualties.
3) Sara has made up her mind that her leisure interests will/should never get in the way of her career.
4) Obviously the reporter's question caught the foreign minister off guard.
5) The introduction of the electronic calculator has rendered the slide rule out of date / obso?lete.
4. 1) At that time, the enemy forces were much superior to ours, so we had to give up the
occupation of big cities and retreat to the rural and mountainous regions to build up our bases.
2) Unity is crucial to the efficient operation of an organization. Failure to reckon with this problem will weaken its strength. In many cases, work may be brought to a halt by con?stant internal struggle in an organization.
3) The Red Army fought a heroic battle at Stalingrad and won the decisive victory against the Germans. In fact, this battle turned the tide in the Second World War. During this famous battle, the Soviet troops withstood the German siege and weakened the German army by launching a series of counterattacks.
II. More Synonyms in Context
1) During the First World War, battles occurred here and there over vast areas. Some of the
most dramatic fighting took place in the gloomy trenches of France and Belgium and in the
no-man's-land between the trenches.
2) Elizabeth made careful preparations for the interview and her efforts / homework paid off.
3)1 spent hours trying to talk him into accepting the settlement, but he turned a deaf ear to all my
words.
4) Pneumonia had severely weakened her body, and I wondered how her fragile body could withstand the harsh weather.

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III. Usage
1) But often it is not until we fall ill that we finally learn to appreciate good health.
2) A rich old lady lay dead at home for two weeks—and nobody knew anything about it.
3) It's said he dropped dead from a heart attack when he was at work
4) Don't sit too close to the fire to keep warm—you could easily get burned, especially if you fall asleep.
5) In those days people believed in marrying young and having children early.
6) Little Tom was unable to sit still for longer than a few minutes.
■
Structure
1. 1) To his great delight, Dr. Deng discovered two genes in wild rice that can increase the yield by
30 percent.
2) To her great relief, her daughter had left the building before it collapsed.
3) To our disappointment, our women

's team lost out to the North Koreans.
4) We think, much to our regret, that we will not be able to visit you during the coming Christ?mas.
2. 1) These birds nest in the vast swamps (which lie to the) east of the Nile.
2) By 1948, the People's Liberation Army had gained control of the vast areas north of the Yangtze River.
3) Michelle was born in a small village in the north of France, but came to live in the United
States at the age of four. ■

4) The Columbia River rises in western Canada and continues/runs through the United States for
about 1,900 kilometers west of the Rocky Mountains.
Comprehensive Exercises
I. Cloze
2. stand in the way
4. catching... off his guard
6. declaration
8. drag on
10. die from
(A)
1. invasion
3. Conquest
5. launching
7. campaign
9. reckon with
11. bringing...to a halt

Appendix I - 91 -

(B)
1. In 2. since
3. the 4. and
5. it 6. that/who
7. of/about 8. across
9. to 10. lost
11. to 12. with
13. buried 14. in
15. than 16. between
17. from 18. to
19. down

II. Translation
The offensive had already lasted three days, but we had not gained much ground. Our troops engaging the enemy at the front were faced with strong/fierce/stiff resistance. The divi?sion commander instructed our battalion to get around to the rear of the enemy and launch a surprise attack. To do so, however, we had to cross a marshland and many of us were afraid we might get bogged down in the mud. Our battalion commander decided to take a gamble. We started under cover of darkness and pressed on in spite of great difficulties. By a stroke of luck, the temperature at night suddenly dropped to minus 20 degrees Celsius and the marsh froze over. Thanks to the cold weather, we arrived at our destination before dawn and began attacking the enemy from the rear. This turned the tide of the battle. The enemy, caught off guard, soon surrendered.
二
Vocabulary
I. 1. 1) expansion
3) vapor






2) manufacturing 4) take control of

: . j

-96-

Appendix 1

hazards
convert bunched got/was stuck in application mounted
send out
result from starting up
give up
5)
7)
9)
11)
13)
15)
2. 1) 3) 5) 7)
3. 1)
2) 3)
4)
5)
4. 1)
6) satellite
8) magnetic
10)in the air
12)approximately
14)monotonous
2)stand up for
4)making up for

6)play up play up
8)take on take on
With regard to the recent flood of corporate scandals, some professors from Stanford and Harvard say they will incorporate Enron's real-world lessons into their classroom work. Our vacation was a disaster: the food was terrible, and the weather was awful as well. As a Special Administrative Region (SAR), Macao is permitted to retain its lucrative gam?bling industry although gambling remains illegal on the Chinese mainland. Manufacturers usually begin by building the prototype of a new model before they set up a factory to make the cars.
2) 3)
Medical evidence shows that smoking and lung cancer are correla

ted. Expanded use of computer technology, development of stronger and lighter materials, and research in/into pollution control will produce better, and "smarter" automobiles. In the 1980s the notion that a car would "talk" to its driver was science fiction; by the 1990s it had become a reality, more or less. Presently automobile companies such as GM and Nissan are poised to launch new advertising campaigns for their smart cars. Sounds are produced by objects that vibrate in the air at a rate that the ear can detect. This rate is called frequency and is measured in hertz, or vibrations per second. Reflective devices are more visible at night and are used in some locations to mark lanes and other significant places on the road. What's more, automated vehicle-control tech?nologies are presently under development to improve highway safety. These devices are mounted in the vehicle and can alert a driver to an impending hazard or, in an emergency,
override the actions of the driver.
II. Word Formation
Clipped Words Blends
kilo kilogram kilogram Medicare medical care
memo memorandum memorandum email electronic mail
gym gymnasium gymnasium comsat communications satellite

Appendix 1 - 9? -

lib
doc
vet
prep
auto


liberation newscast news broadcast
doctor autopilot automatic pilot
veterinarian Eurodollar European dollar
preparatory brunch breakfast lunch
automobile telecast television broadcast



III. Usage
1. swimming pool
3. enriched Middle English 5. fully developed prototype 7. working population

2. drawing board
4. disturbing change
6. Canned foods
8. puzzling differences



Struct-ure

1
1) Thanksgiving in the U.S.A., like Spring Festival in China, brings families back together from across the country.
2) The monkey suddenly emerged from behind the tree, frightening Lucy into screaming.
3) Mom said that she would not allow me to buy a new computer unless the price dropped to below 2000 yuan.
4) In between the chores, Jim managed to spend 50 to 60 hours a week working at the computer or doing reporting for the freelance articles he sells to magazines.
2. 1) Most people find it hard to understand how living with one's own children could be lonely.
2) The manager felt it necessary to remove the five misbehaving secretaries in order to maintain administrative discipline.
3) The Senator called it wasteful to give free Medicare to those who could afford to pay.
4) We don't consider it possible to set back the clock of history.

Comprehensive Exercises
I. Cloze
(A)
1. alert
3. highway
5. take control of
7. decrease
9. monotonous

2. hazards
4. start up
6. lane
8. get stuck in
10. eliminate

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11. convert
(B)
l.for
3. enabled
5. decreased / reduced
7.quantities
9. worldwide
11. manufacturing 13.on/upon
15. which
17. problems / hazards 19. Neve

rtheless

12. mounted
2. way
4. farther
6. by
8. locally
10. with
12. As
14. provide
16. itself
18. and
20. continuing



II. Translation
Automobiles changed the world during the 20th century, particularly in the United States and other industrialized nations. They are indeed of great use to us, but they have brought some hazards as well, such as noise and air pollution, and highway fatalities. It is reported that automo?bile accidents rank among the leading causes of death and injury throughout the world. Fortu?nately modern innovators are reinventing the automobile. New propulsion systems, fuels, de?signs, and means of manufacturing cars have all developed rapidly in the past decade. For ex?ample, by using the satellite-aided global positioning system (GPS), a computer in the automobile can locate the vehicle's precise position, and with the application of sensors, smart cars can eliminate most car accidents.
三
Vocabulary
I. 1. 1) generously 2) physically
3) structure 4) partition
5) blurted out 6) chuckling
7) pried 8) prospective
9) jet 10) sparkled
11) took a crack at 12) partner
13) made a (big) difference 14) beyond his wildest dream.
15) employment
2. 1) go after 2) look back on/at
3) be put up 4) count on
5) was handed down 6) follow up
7) bring about 8) broke into
3. 1) Mary's parents grilled her about where she had been all night.
2) In order to meet the deadline, we worked 48 hours without sleep and finally made it.
3) The translation of the popular novel has just finished and a Chinese version will be in readers' hands soon.
4) As with anything else, it is important to do your homework before going on an interview.
5) Jim's car broke down last week and the repair cost was in the neighborhood of 150 dollars.
4. 1) The director of the Urban Development Office will interview the two local applicants, as
well as the two other candidates recommended by the staff committee this afternoon, to pick out the prospective designer for the construction of the city square.
2) In the endeavor to clean up the river before the deadline set for this important municipal project, the project manager has tried every possible means to go after the best engineers for the work.
3) Time is money, as the saying goes. People in my age bracket often want to have a crack at everything new, but they just cannot afford the time and energy.
II. Words with Multiple Meanings
1. When in Rome, do as the Romans do. (behave)
2. Richard suggested I keep all my friends' addresses on my computer, as he does his. (used to avoid repetition)
3. Elizabeth told her daughter that if she did the bathroom, the kitchen and the living room, she

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would get $10.00 every week, (clean)
4. Since the Smiths' business is doing well, they are thinking of starting a similar type of busi?ness in Canada, (get along)
5. If you are prepared, you can certainly do the job. (perform or complete )
6. Knowing what you

cannot do is more important than knowing what you can. (perform or complete )
7. When I asked John why he does philosophy, he said that he does it simply because he finds it interesting, (study)
8. A small piece of cake will do for me, thanks, (be enough)
9. Leisure is a beautiful garment, but it will not do for constant wear, (be acceptable)
III. Usage
1. There is so much to say and it is hard to know where to begin. OK, I'll talk about myself first.
2. Thank you very much, John, for your beautiful Christmas card. By the way. I have some?thing here for you.
3. The new computer language can be quite easily understood by anyone who can read the daily newspaper. Now, why is this an advantage?
4. I'm going to work out the outline and will let you know how it goes. By the way. I will see you in February, as I plan to attend your seminar in Shanghai.
5. OK, you got the job. Now, how to maximize your profits with as little effort as possible?
6. Chris has been back from Australia. Incidentally, those pictures you sent me are wonderful.
Structure
1. 1) As I see it / From my standpoint / In my opinion, the institution needs better management
rather than more money.
2) As I see it / From my standpoint / In my opinion, our schools have focused on tests to such an extent that the students hardly have any time left to participate in creative activities.
3) From my standpoint / As I see it / In my opinion, we can't judge people by appearance only, because clothes don't always reflect someone's personality.
4) From my standpoint / As I see it / In my opinion, talent just comes from doing something often enough.
2. 1) Sleep is a never ending task that has to be done at least once every couple of days, if not every
day.
2) As I see it, pre-school children who are taught at home by their parents do at least as well as, if not better than, those educated at nursery schools.

Appendix 1 - 105 -

3) It is difficult, if not impossible, for most people to think otherwise than in the fashion of their own period.
4) I have reasons to believe that most applicants, if not all of them, will have done their home?work before the interview.
Comprehensive Exercises
I. Cloze
2. interview
4. done your homework
6. structure
8. from the standpoint 10. deadline
12. follow UD
(A)
1. prospective
3. As I see it
5. endeavor
7. take a crack
9. employment
11. make a difference
(B)

1. matter 2. to
3. not 4. possible
5. can 6. interview
7. ask 8. copies
9. If 10. preparing
11. what 12. kinds
13. take 14. Prior
15. whether 16. fit
II. Translation
Well begun is half done, as the saying goes. It is extremely important for a job applicant to do his homework while seeking employment. From my standpoint, whether or not one has done his homework clearly makes a difference in his chance of success.
I have a friend who is earning somewhere in the neighborhood of 100 thousand dollars a year in a large computer softw

are company. He told me that from his own experience the decision makers who interview prospective employees like people who are well prepared. Those who make no endeavor to learn as much about his prospective employer as possible don't have much of a chance of success.

四
Vocabulary
I. 1. 1) plural 2) debt
3) thesis 4) inevitably
5) historical 6) precedents
7) constructive 8) destructive
9) ethnic 10) combination
11) stagnant 12) destiny
13) discourage 14) from the perspective of
15) in the (medical) sense
2. 1) leave behind 2) show up
3) go over 4) knock off
5) Leave (them) alone 6) fading away 7) took in 8) keep up with
3. 1) Cooperation between nurse and patient is essential for infection in the hospital to be kept
effectively under control.
2) Chinese people in ancient times had a sense that their country was at the center of the world and so called it "the Middle Kingdom".
3) A strong network of mentors, women and men, has helped me at various stages in my career.
4) We need to have/develop a conception of ourselves in the universe not as the master species but as the servant species: as the one being given responsibility for the whole and for the good of the whole.
5) We have cut the remark out of the program lest it should offend the listeners.
4. 1) With the economy in decline, a negative, pessimistic mentality will continue to undervalue
good and profitable companies, thus paralyzing the stock market.
2) In his business style he bears many of the characteristics of an immigrant — including a strong, sometimes ruthless, desire to succeed. Maybe that is why he has achieved such unbelievable success.
3) Scholars of Confucianism are agreed that it is not so much a religion as a guide to a system of political organization, which emphasizes the values of cooperation with others and readi?ness to compromise and submerge one's own ideas in a broader and more popularly ac?ceptable solution.

Appendix I -111-

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2. as
4. like/as
6. as
8. as
II. Confusable Words
1. like/as
3. like
5. as/like
7. like
III. Usage
1. Historically speaking, it was mountaineers from Britain who opened up the central part of the valley in the heyday of Victorian adventure.
2. Scientifically speaking, the experiment is of great interest.
3. Generally speaking, it will take about three weeks to build the model.
4. Strictly speaking, no language is completely translatable into another.
Structure
1. 1) It is very useful knowing several foreign languages when you are traveling abroad.
2) It is quite futile trying to reason with him — he just won't listen.
3) It is funny watching Granny dancing such a lively dance.
4) It is nice working with her.
2. 1) his determination to realize his ideals
2) a desire to follow in his footsteps.
3) reached a decision to walk back
4) failure to properly educate its children

Comprehensive Exercises
I. Cloze
(A)
1. on the decline
3. for the first time
5. essential

7. destiny
9. ethnic
(B)
1. born

2. historical
4. mentality
6. discouraged
8. immigrants
10. combination
2. about

- 112 - Appendix I
3. against 4. because
5. Only 6. would
7. then 8. not
9. time 10. if
11. come 12. ones
13. raised/born 14. here
15. so/therefore 16. both
17. to
II. Translation
Professor Huntington's paper greatly inspired me. According to him, in a plural / pluralistic society, there will inevitably be different opinions. The key is to deal with them in such a way that they can play a constructive rather than destructive role.
He argues that in a plural/pluralistic society we must stress/attach importance to interper?sonal relationships, cooperation, and looking at issues from the perspective of other people. If some groups regard themselves as superior and treat other ethnic groups or religions with disre?spect, the whole society may be paralyzed.
I am convinced that if we put into practice the ideas mentioned above, then there is the possibility of creating a new civilization.