最新历年考研英译汉全真试题及详解word版本

Unit 8 （20XX年）

In less than30years time the Star Trek holodeck will be a reality. Direct links between the brains nervous system and a computer will also create full sensory virtual environments，allowing virtual vacations like those in the film Total Recall.

（71）There will be television chat shows hosted by robots，and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend.（72）Children will play with dolls equipped with personality chips. computers with in-built personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools，relaxation will be in front of smell-television，and digital age will have arrived.

According to BT s futurologist，Ian Pearson，these are among the developments scheduled for the first few decades of the new millennium（a period of 1000years），when supercomputers will dramatically accelerate progress in all areas of life.

（73）Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers around the world to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates when we can expect hundreds or key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place. Some of the biggest developments

will be in medicine，including an extended life expectancy and dozens of artificial organs coming into use between now and 2040.

Pearson also predicts a breakthrough in computer-human links. “By l inking directly to our nervous system，computers could pick up what we feel and，hopefully，simulate feeling too so that we can start to develop full sensory environments，rather like the holidays in Total Recall or the Star Trek holodeck，”he says.（74）But that，Pearson points out，is only the start of man-machine integration:“ It will be the beginning of the long process of integration that will ultimately lead to a fully electronic human before the end of the next century.”

Through his research，Pearson is able to put dates to most of the breakthroughs that can be predicted. However，there are still no forecasts for when faster-that-light travel will be available，or when human cloning will be perfected，or when time travel will be possible. But he does expect social problems as a result of technological advances. A boom in neighborhood surveillance cameras will，for example，cause problems in2010，while the arrival of synthetic lifelike robots will mean people may not be able to distinguish between their human friends and the droids.（75）And home appliances will also become so smart that controlling and operating them will result in

the breakout of a new psychological disorder—kitchen rage.

Unit 8 翻译题解：

71）There will be television chat shows hosted by robots, and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend.

句子分析：

第一、句子可以拆分为三段：

There will be television chat shows hosted by robots, / and cars with pollution monitors that

will disable them / when they offend.

第二、句子的结构是：

1）主干结构是带双主语的存在句：There will be television chat shows..., and cars...

2）两个主语都带有定语：第一个主语television chat shows的定语是过去分词短语hosted by robots，第二个主语cars的定语是介词短语with pollution monitors。

3）定语从句that will disable them修饰的先行词是pollution monitors，最后一个从句when they offend是定语从句中的状语从句。

第三、词的处理：

television chat shows hosted by robots 由机器人主持的电视谈话节目，重点词hosted 主持；cars with pollution monitors 装有污染监控器的汽车；disable them 使汽车失灵（停止运行）them和they指代汽车；offend 多义词（汽车）污染超标，违规

完整的译文：

71）届时，将出现由机器人主持的电视谈话节目以及装有污染监控器的汽车，一旦这些汽车排污超标（违规），监控器就会使其停驶。

72）Children will play with dolls equipped with personality chips, computers with in-built personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools, relaxation will be in front of smell- television, and digital age will have arrived.

句子分析：

第一、句子可以拆分为三段：

Children will play with dolls equipped with personality chips, / computers with in-built personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools, / relaxation will be in front of smell-television, and digital age will have arrived.

第二、句子的结构：

1）主干结构是几个并列的简单句：Children will play with dolls..., computers...will be regarded as..., relaxation will be in front of..., and digital age will have arrived.

2）dolls带有过去分词短语equipped with personality chips做定语，computers的后置定语是介词短语，personalities等于personality chips，宾语workmates rather than tools是并列结构，表示选择。

第三、词的处理：

dolls equipped with personality chips 装有个性芯片的玩具娃娃；personality 个性，性格；

个性内置的计算机；rather than 而不是；relaxation 休闲、放松、娱乐、消遣；气味电视机；digital age 数字化时代

完整的译文：

72）儿童将与装有个性芯片的玩具娃娃玩耍，具有个性内置的计算机将被视为工作伙伴

而不是工具，人们将在气味电视机前休闲，届时数字化时代就来到了。

73）Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers around the world to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place.

句子分析：

第一、句子可以拆分为三段：

Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers around the world, / to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates / when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place.

第二、句子的结构是：

1）主句是简单句，to produce是结果状语。

2）calendar后面的that...是定语从句。

3）后面的when引导的也是定语从句，不是时间状语，译作的。

4）to take place作前面名词的定语。

第三、词的处理：

Pearson 皮尔森（人名音译）；pieced together 汇集；综合；around the world 世界各地，全世界；produce 编制；a unique millennium technology calendar 一个独特的技术千年历；

the latest dates 最近日期；key breakthroughs 重大突破，关键性突破

完整的译文：

73）皮尔森汇集世界各地数百位研究人员的成果，编制了一个独特的技术千年历，它列出了人们有望看到数百项重大突破和发现的最迟日期。

74）But that, Pearson points out, is only the start of man-machine integration: It will

be the beginning of the long process of integration that will ultimately lead to a fully electronic human before the end of the next century.

句子分析：

第一、句子可以拆分为三段：

But that, Pearson points out, is only the start of man-machine integration: /It will be the beginning of the long process of integration / that will ultimately lead to a fully electronic human before the end of the next century.

第二、句子的结构：

1）主干结构是that..., is only the start of...系表结构

2）beginning后面有多重定语：两个of短语和一个that will ultimately lead to定语从句。

3）Pearson points out插入语，翻译时放在句首。

4）在the long process of integration结构中，integration前省略了定语man-machine，翻译时要补出。

5）lead to a fully electronic human动词和宾语之间意思省略，翻译时要加词。

第三、词的处理：

that 代词作主语，指代上文前面“的”；a breakthrough 突破，一定要译出；the start of man machine integration 人机一体化的开始；lead to 引起出现，导致产生； a fully electronic human 完全电子化的仿真人，完全的电子人；before the end of the next century 在下世纪末之前

完整的译文：

74）皮尔森指出，这个突破仅仅是人机一体化的开始：它是人机一体化漫长之路的第一步，最终会使人们在下世纪末之前就研制出完全电子化的仿真人。

75）And home appliances will also become so smart that controlling and operating them will result in the breakout of a new psychological disorder-kitchen rage.

句子分析：

第一、句子可以拆分为三段：

And home appliances will also become so smart / that controlling and operating them will

result in the breakout / of a new psychological disorder-kitchen rage.

第二、句子主干结构是：so smart that...如此……以至于（从句）……

第三、词的处理：

home appliances 家用电器；smart 聪明，智能化；result in the breakout of 引发，导致，出现；psychological disorder 心理混乱（失调）；kitchen rage 厨房狂燥症，厨房愤怒，厨房生气

完整的译文：

75）家用电器将会变得如此智能化，以至于控制和操作它们会引发一种新的心理疾

病--厨房狂燥症。

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一、英译汉翻译的基本程序 1.通读并透彻理解原文。翻译之前仔细研读原文，解决好“翻译什么”的问题。边读边琢磨，确切理解原文所述事物本身的含义与之相关的外延联想，如原句的中心意思是什么，有没有褒贬义或寓意，对其中的修饰语的把握等。 2. 组织语言。考生要根据上下文的语境选择适当的词汇和表达手段。 3. 表达。考生要从内容和语言两方面来考虑译文，尤其注意不能扭曲原意，不能错译或漏译。 4. 审校。这是英汉翻译过程中必不可少的环节。考生将自己的译文与原文进行对照，看看译文是否忠实于原文，是否通顺易懂，是否符合汉语规范。 二、英汉翻译的基本方法 直译与意译 直译指基本保留原有句子结构，照字面意思翻译；意译是在不损害原文内容和精神的前提下，为了表达的需要，对原文做相应的调整。如： Good marriage doesn’t just happen. They take a lot of love and a lot of work. 直译：好的婚姻不会仅仅发生—它们需要大量的爱和大量的工作。 意译:幸福的婚姻不是凭空发生的---它需要你为它付出大量的爱和做大量的工作。 或：美满的婚姻不会从天上掉下来---你必须为它付出大量的爱，做大量的工作。很显然，本句话的意译要比直译更符合汉语表达习惯。当然，一句话并不限于一种译法，要根据具体需要而定。一般来说，在英汉翻译考试中，如果直译能达意就用直译，如果直译效果不好，就应该考虑意译。只要译文内容忠实，意思明白就行了。 顺译法（又名句型对应法） 顾名思义，顺译法（句型对应法）就是按原文句子结构的排列顺序进行翻译，这种译法适合于原文叙述层次与汉语相近的长句翻译，如只含名词性从句的复合句、前置的状语从句或从句在后的长复合句等等。 As an obedient son, I had to accept my parents’ decision that I was to be a doctor ,though the prospect interested in me not at all. 作为一个孝顺的儿子，我不得不接收父母的决定，去当大夫，虽然我对这样的前途毫无兴趣。 3.倒译法 倒译法就是颠倒原文句子结构的排列顺序来进行翻译。 例1： The moon is completely empty of water because the gravity on the moon is much less than on the earth. 因为月球的引力比地球小的多，所以月球上根本没有水。 例2：The football students can be removed from the university if they fail to pass their examination. 作为足球运动员的学生如果考试不及格就要被开除。 4.分译法 分译法，又称拆译法，也是一种基本的句法变通手段。从被分译成份的结构而言，分译大致可以分为单词的分译、短语的分译和从句的分译三种。 单词的分译即拆词，将难译的词从句子主干中拆离出来，另作处理，这种方法常常引起句式上的调整，英译汉中要拆译的词常常是形容词和副词。如： 1

英译汉模拟试题30篇参考答案

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The fact is that the energy crisis，which has suddenly been officially announced，has been with us for a long time now，and will be with us for an even longer time. Whether Arab oil flows freely or not，it is clear to everyone that world industry cannot be allowed to depend on so fragile a base.（71）The supply of oil can be shut off unexpectedly at any time，and in any case，the oil wells will all run dry in thirty years or so at the present rate of use. （72）New sources of energy must be found，and this will take time，but it is not likely to result in any situation that will ever restore that sense of cheap and plentiful energy we have had in the times past. For an indefinite period from here on，mankind is going to advance cautiously，and consider itself lucky that it can advance at all. To make the situation worse，there is as yet no sign that any slowing of the world’s population is in sight. Although the birthrate has dropped in some nations，including the United States，the population of the world seems sure to pass six billion and perhaps even seven billion as the twenty first century opens. （73）The food supply will not increase nearly enough to match this，which means that we are heading into a crisis in the matter of producing and marketing food. Taking all this into account，what might we reasonably estimate supermarkets to be like in the year 2001? To begin with，the world food supply is going to become steadily tighter over the next thirty years—even here in the United States. By 2001，the population of the United States will be at least two hundred fifty million and possibly two hundred seventy million，and the nation will find it difficult to expand food production to fill the additional mouths.（74）This will be particularly true since energy pinch will make it difficult to continue agriculture in the high energy American fashion that makes it possible to combine few farmers with high yields. It seems almost certain that by 2001 the United States will no longer be a great food exporting nation and that，if necessity forces exports，it will be at the price of belt tightening at home. In fact，as food items will end to decline in quality and decrease in variety，there is very likely to be increasing use of flavoring additives.（75）Until such time as mankind has the sense to lower its population to the point where the planet can provide a comfortable support for all，people will have to accept more unnatural food.