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考研英语一翻译解析 从语法及词汇看考点

考研英语一翻译解析 从语法及词汇看考点

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经济类联考数学全程规划班

掌握经济类联考数学的复习方法,制定全复习规划

考研英语语法练习题【附答案详解】

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考研英语一翻译真题汇总

1990 年英译汉试题 People have wondered for a long time how their personalities,and behaviors are formed. It is not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not,or why one is cooperative and another is competitive. Social scientists are,of course,extremely interested in these types of questions. (61)They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors. There are no clear answers yet,but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed. As one might expect,the two approaches are very different from each other. The controversy is often conveniently referred to as‖nature vs. nurture‖. (62)Those who support the ―nature‖side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are largely determined by biological factors. (63)That our environment has little, if anything,to do with our abilities,characteristics and behavior is central to this theory. Taken to an extreme,this theory maintains that our behavior is predetermined to such a great degree that we are almost completely governed by our instincts. Those who support the ―nurture‖ theory,that is,they advocate education,are often called behaviorists. They claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act. A behaviorist,B.F. Skinner,sees humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings. The behaviorists maintain that,like machines,humans respond to environmental stimuli as the basis of their behavior. Let us examine the different explanations about one human characteristic,intelligence, offered by the two theories. Supporters of the ―nature‖theory insist that we are born with a certain capacity for learning that is biologically determined. Needless to say,they don‘t believe that factors in the environment have much influence on what is basically a predetermined characteristic. On the other hand,behaviorists argue that our intelligence levels are the product of our experiences. (64)Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development. The social and political implications of these two theories are profound. In the United States, blacks often score below whites on standardized intelligence tests. This leads some ―nature‖ proponents to conclude that blacks are biologically inferior to whites. (65)Behaviorists,in contrast, say that differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often deprived of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy. Most people think neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behavior. 1991 年英译汉试题 The fact is that the energy crisis,which has suddenly been officially announced,has been with us for a long time now,and will be with us for an even longer time. Whether Arab oil flows freely or not,it is clear to everyone that world industry cannot be allowed to depend on so fragile a base. (71)The supply of oil can be shut off unexpectedly at any time,and in any case,the oil wells will all run dry in thirty years or so at the present rate of use. (72)New sources of energy must be found,and this will take time,but it is not likely to result in any situation that will ever restore that sense of cheap and plentiful energy we have had in the times past. For an indefinite period from here on,mankind is going to advance cautiously,and consider itself lucky that it can advance at all. To make the situation worse,there is as yet no sign that any slowing of the world‘s population is in sight. Although the birthrate has dropped in some nations,including the United States,the population of the world seems sure to pass six billion and perhaps even seven billion as the twenty-first century opens. (73)The food supply will not increase nearly enough to match this,which means that we are heading into a crisis in the matter of producing and marketing food. Taking all this into account,what might we reasonably estimate supermarkets to be like in the year2001? To begin with,the world food supply is going to become steadily tighter over the next thirty years—even here in the United States.By2001,the population of the United States will be at least two hundred fifty million and possibly two hundred seventy million,and the nation will find it difficult to expand food production to fill the additional mouths. (74)This will be particularly true since energy pinch will make it difficult to continue agriculture in the high energy American fashion that makes it possible to combine few farmers with high yields. It seems almost certain that by2001the United States will no longer be a great food exporting nation and that,if necessity forces exports,it will be at the price of belt tightening at home. In fact,as food items will end to decline in quality and decrease in variety,there is very likely to be increasing use of flavouring additives. (75)Until such time as mankind has the sense to lower its population

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即某些字母组合的不规则动词有一定的规律。如:weep→wept, sleep→slept, sweep→swept 以上每个时间段中分别有四种状态:一般、进行、完成和完成进行。因此我们便有了四四一十六个时态。 态(一般、进行、完成、完成进行)。 比如在“They are doing their exercises.”这个句子中,动词由原形do 变成are doing 的形态,说明这个事情是发生在现在、并处于正在进行的状态当中,所以叫现在进行时; 在“They have done their exercises.”这句中,动词由原形do 变成have done的形态,说明这个事情是发生在现在、并处于完成的状态,所以叫现在完成时; 在“They always do their exercises.”中,动词用原形do 的形态,说明这个事情是发生在现在、并且是一般情况下永远如此,所以叫一般现在时。 在这三句话中,动词do 虽然用了不同的形态,其意义没有变化,而是事情发生的时间和状态变了。其余类推。 (三)时态详解 16个时态中,常用的有12个:一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、过去将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、将来进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、将来完成时、现在完成进行时和过去完成进行时。其他时态很少单独使用。 下面把各种时态的构成和用法做一个全面的介绍。

初中英语语法和词汇教学心得体会

初中英语词汇和语法教学心得体会 在初中英语教学中,词汇和语法的学习是一个重要的组成部分。因此在教学中应该加强语法、词汇教学,否则,学生的语言能力将难以提高。 初中词汇和语法教学中,首先学生在读音方面感觉困难很大,难以读准单词,有相当一部分学生往往还用汉语为英语单词注音。其次,在拼写方面,学生没有意识到字母在单词中的读音与单词的拼写有着一定的规律。在记忆单词的时候,没有通过读音和字母的关系来记忆单词,常常是死记硬背单词字母的组合。第三,在记忆单词的意义的时候,过分注意该单词所对应的汉语意义的记忆,学生完全靠死记硬背掌握单词。在初中一年级时,由于内容较少,词汇和语法简单,学生尚能应付,但随着年级的增高,英语内容的深化,词汇量的增加,学生越来越感觉到词汇的记忆和语法的学习已成为学习英语的最大障碍。于是,逐渐对英语产生厌学情绪,有的甚至于放弃这门学科。 如何解决教学中存在的这些问题呢? 在词汇教学方面,首先,词汇教学也一定要贯彻“听说领先”的原则,在初中年级,特别是一年级,要贯彻“听说领先”的教学原则。因此,词汇教学也一定要首先是“听”。即教师在教单词时,先让学生听,让学生去“辨音”,教师所展示的不是课本里的文字,而是每个词是由几个音素、几个音节构成,重音在什么地方,这样才能

从听的意义上掌握词汇。同时,又能为学生学好语音、语调打好基础,真正地培养学生的听能,为以后更好地接收英语的输入做准备。 其次,在听的基础上加强读音规则的教学,以培养学生的拼读能力这是因为,英语属于拼音文字,虽然字母的名称音和字母在单词中的读音不同,但是,字母在单词中的读音还是有一定的规律可循。我们在词汇教学中,先让学生通过听英语单词分辨出单词的读音之后,再进行读音规则的教学,使学生能够根据字母在单词中的读音规律把单词拼写出来。 培养学生的拼读能力应该从最简单的拼读抓起,采取循序渐进的原则,通过归类和比较,使学生掌握单词中字母及组合的读音规律,能够听词能写,见词会读。 第三,教师在平时上课时,就有意先读一些词汇,或读课文,让学生先不要去看书,跟老师读这些词,然后再让学生拼写,和学生讨论如何去拼写,看这些词是由哪些字母组成的。特别是一些规律性的东西,需要反复进行训练。对于一些没有规律的单词构成,进行比较,以促进记忆。老师还可以先写出单词或句子,让学生根据已有的拼读知识试着去读出这些单词或句子。 第四,拼读训练是一个长期的过程,教师首先要了解学生的拼读能力,从最基础开始,循序渐进,掌握有规律的单词读音,比较无规律的单词读音,从而达到记忆词汇,培养读写能力的目的。 而语法教学只是一种手段,其最终目的不是让学生简单地记住语言规则,而是让其将语言的形式、意义和功能有机地结合起来,使其

历年考研英语翻译真题及答案解析38

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历年考研英语语法完全版归纳

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