高级英语love is fallacy中英 笔记

L5 Love is a fallacy

1 Charles Lamb , as merry and enterprising [Showing initiative and willingness to undertake new projects (有事业心的, 有进取心的, 有魄力的, 有胆量的)] a fellow as you will meet in a month of Sundays[a very long time], unfettered [不受约束的To set free or keep free from restrictions or bonds (to unchain; to unshackle; to liberate)] the informal essay with his memorable Old China and Dream's Children. There follows an informal essay that ventures even beyond Lamb's frontier, [Consider this: Metaphor, comparing the limitations set by Lamb to a frontier. (limitations vs. limits) indeed, "informal" may not be quite the right word to describe this essay; "limp" or ―flaccid" [unpleasantly soft & weak]or possibly "spongy"[elastic/flexible] are perhaps more appropriate.

查尔斯．兰姆是一个世所罕见的性情欢快、富有进取心的人，他那笔下的散文《古瓷器》和《梦中的孩子》无拘无束、自由奔放。实在令人难忘。下面这篇文章比兰姆的作品更加自由奔放。实际上，用“自由奔放”的字眼来形容这篇文章并不十分确切，或许用“柔软”、“轻松”或“轻软而富有弹性”更为恰如其分。

2 Vague though its category, it is without doubt an essay. It develops an argument; it cites instances; it reaches a conclusion. Could Carlyle do more?Could Ruskin?

尽管很难说清这篇文章是属于哪一类，但可以肯定它是一篇散文小品文。它提出了论点。引用了许多例证，并得出了结论。卡菜尔能写得更好吗?罗斯金呢?

3 Read, then, the following essay which undertakes [attempts担任] to demonstrate that logic, far from being a dry, pedantic [迂腐的学究式的academic (over-concerned with correctness)] discipline[有条理], is a living, breathing thing, full of beauty, passion, and trauma[创伤]. [Consider this: Logic is not at all dry, learned branch of learning. It is like a living human being, full of beauty, passion and painful emotional shocks.] —Author's Note

这篇文章意在论证逻辑学非但不枯燥乏味而且活泼、清新、富于关感和激情，并给人以启迪。诸位不妨一读。——作者注

4 Cool was I and logical. Keen, calculating, perspicacious, acute and astute—I was all of these. My brain was as powerful as a dynamo, precise as a chemist’s scales, as penetrating as a scalpel. And —think of it!—I only eighteen.

我这个人头脑冷静，逻辑思维能力强。敏锐、慎重、聪慧、深刻、机智一一这些就是我的特点。我的大脑像发电机一样发达，像化学家的天平一样精确，像手术刀一样锋利。一一你知道吗?我才十八岁呀。

It is not often that one so young has such a giant intellect. Take, for example, Petey Bellows, my roommate at the university. Same age, same background, but dumb as an ox. A nice enough fellow, you understand, but nothing upstairs. Emotional type. Unstable. Impressionable. Worst of all, a faddist. Fads, I submit, are the very negation of reason. To be swept up in every new craze that comes along, to surrender oneself to idiocy just because everybody else is doing it—this, to me, is the acme of mindlessness. Not, however, to Petey.

年纪这么轻而智力又如此非凡的人并不常有。就拿在明尼苏达大学跟我同住一个房间的皮蒂·伯奇来说吧，他跟我年龄相仿，经历一样，可他笨得像头驴。小伙子长得年轻漂亮，可惜脑子里却空空如也。他易于激动，情绪反复无常，容易受别人的影响。最糟的是他爱赶时髦。我认为，赶时髦就是最缺乏理智的表现。见到一种新鲜的东西就跟着学，以为别人都在那么

干，自己也就卷进去傻干——这在我看来，简直愚蠢至极，但皮蒂却不以为然。

6 One afternoon I found Petey lying on his bed with an expression of such distress on his face that

I immediately diagnosed appendicitis. “Don’t move,”I said, “Don’t take a laxative. I’ll get a doctor.”

7“Raccoon,”he mumbled thickly.

8“Raccoon?”I said, pausing in my flight.

9 “I want a raccoon coat,”he wailed.

10 I perceived that his trouble was not physical, but mental. “Why do you want a raccoon coat?”一天下午我看见皮蒂躺在床上，脸上显露出一种痛苦不堪的表情，我立刻断定他是得了阑尾炎。“别动，”我说，“别吃泻药，我就请医生来。”

“浣熊，”他咕哝着说。

“浣熊?”我停下来问道。

“我要一件浣熊皮大衣，”他痛苦地哭叫着。

我明白了，他不是身体不舒服，而是精神上不太正常。“你为什么要浣熊皮大衣?”

11“I should have known it,”he cried, pounding his temples. “I should have known they’d come back when the Charleston came back. Like a fool I spent all my money for textbooks, and now I can’t get a raccoon coat.”

“我本早该知道，”他哭叫着，用拳头捶打着太阳穴，“我早该知道查尔斯登舞再度流行时，浣熊皮大衣也会时兴起来的。我真傻，钱都买了课本，可现在不能买浣熊皮大衣了。”

12 “Can you mean,”I said incredulously, “that people are actually wearing raccoon coats again?”

13 “All the Big Men on Campus are wearing them. Where’ve you been?”

14 In the library,”I said, naming a place not frequented by Big Men on Campus.

15 He leaped from the bed and paced the room. “I’ve got to have a raccoon coat,”he said passionately. “I’ve got to!”

我带着怀疑的眼神问道：“你是说人们真的又要穿浣熊皮大衣吗?”

“校园里有身分的人哪个不穿?你刚从哪儿来?”

“图书馆，”我说了一个有身分的人不常去的地方。

他从床上一跃而起，在房间里踱来踱去。“我一定要弄到一件浣熊皮大衣，”他激动地说，“非弄到不可!”

16“Petey, why? Look at it rationally. Raccoon coats are unsanitary. They shed. They smell bad. They weigh too much. They’re unsightly. They—”

17 “You don’t understand,”he interrupted impatiently. “It’s the thing to do. Don’t you want to be in the swim?”

18“No,”I said truthfully.

19“Well, I do,”he declared. “I’d give anything for a raccoon coat. Anything!”

20 My brain, that precision instrument, slipped into high gear. “Anything?”I asked, looking at him narrowly.

21 “Anything,”he affirmed in ringing tones. “

皮蒂，你怎么啦?冷静地想一想吧，浣熊皮大衣不卫生，掉毛，味道难闻，既笨重又不好看，而且……

17“你不懂，”他不耐烦地打断我的话。“这就叫时髦。难道你不想赶时髦吗?”Don’t you want to be fashion-wise (chase fads and fashion追逐时尚与潮流)?

“不想，”我坦率地回答。

“好啦，我可想着呢!”他肯定地说。“只要有浣熊皮大衣，要我什么我都给，什么都行!”我的大脑一一这件精密的仪器一一即刻运转起来[high gear高档位]。我仔细地打量着他，问道：“什么都行?”slipped into: began to work very fast.

“什么都行!”他斩钉截铁地说。

22 I stroked my chin thoughtfully. It so happened that I knew where to get my hands on a raccoon coat. My father had had one in his undergraduate days; it lay now in a trunk in the attic back home. It also happened that Petey had something I wanted. He didn’t have it exactly, but at least he had first rights on it. I refer to his girl, Polly Espy.

我若有所思地抚着下巴。好极了，我知道哪儿能弄到浣熊皮大衣。我父亲在大学读书时就穿过一件，现在还放在家里顶楼attic的箱子里。恰好皮蒂也有我需要的东西。尽管他还没有弄到手，但至少他有优先权。我说的是他的女朋友波利·埃斯皮。

23 I had long coveted Polly Espy. Let me emphasize that my desire for this young woman was not emotional in nature. She was, to be sure, a girl who excited the emotions, but I was not one to let my heart rule my head. I wanted Polly for a shrewdly calculated, entirely cerebral reason.

我早已钟情特别说明的是，我想得到这妙龄少女【in nature本质上】并不是由于感情的驱使。她确实是个易于使人动情的姑娘。可我不是那种让感情统治理智的人，我想得到波利是经过了慎重考虑的，完全是出于理智上的原因。

24 I was a freshman in law school. In a few years I would be out in practice. I was well aware of the importance of the right kind of wife in furthering a lawyer’s career. The successful lawyers I had observed were, almost without exception, married to beautiful, gracious, intelligent women. With one omission, Polly fitted these specifications perfectly.

我是法学院一年级的学生，过不了几年就要挂牌当律师了。[In a few years I would graduate and pick up a job as a lawyer.]我很清楚，一个合适的妻子对一个律师的前途来说是非常重要的。我发现大凡有成就的律师几乎都是和美丽、文雅、聪明的女子结婚的。波利只差【omission 省略】一条就完全符合这些条件了。

25 Beautiful she was. She was not yet of pin-up proportions, but I felt that time would supply the lack. She already had the makings.

她漂亮。尽管她的身材还没有挂在墙上的美女pin-up照片那么苗条，但我相信时间会弥补这个不足。她已经大致不差了。She was not yet as beautiful as a pin-up girl but I felt sure she would become beautiful enough after some time. She already had all the physical qualities needed for developing into a very beautiful woman.

26 Gracious she was. By gracious I mean full of graces. She had an erectness of carriage, an ease of bearing, a poise that clearly indicated the best of breeding. At table her manners were exquisite. I had seen her at the Kozy Kampus Korner eating the specialty of the house—a sandwich that contained scraps of pot roast, gravy, chopped nuts, and a dipper of sauerkraut—without even getting her fingers moist.

她温文尔雅——我这里是指她很有风度。她婷婷玉立[Erectness: Uprightness of posture or form]，落落大方，泰然自若，一眼就看得出她很有教养[exquisite优美的]。她进餐时，动作是那样的优美。我曾看见过她在“舒适的校园之角（Kozy Kampus Korner）”

吃名点——一块夹有几片带汁的炖肉和碎核桃仁的三明治，还有一小杯泡菜——手指儿一点儿也没有沾湿。

27 Intelligent she was not. In fact, she veered in the opposite direction. But I believed that under my guidance she would smarten up. At any rate, it was worth a try. It is, after all, easier to make a beautiful dumb girl smart than to make an ugly smart girl beautiful.

她不聪明[intelligent:clever, smart ]，实际上恰好相反[veered改变方向]。但我相信有我的指导，她会变得聪明的。无论如何可以试一试，使一个漂亮的笨姑娘变得聪明比使一个聪明的丑姑娘变得漂亮毕竟要容易些。

28 “Petey,”I said, “are you in love with Polly Espy?”

29“I think she’s a keen kid,”he replied, “but I don’t know if you’d call it love. Why?”

30 “Do you,”I asked, “have any kind of formal arrangement with her? I mean are you going steady or anything like that?”

31 “No. We see each other quite a bit, but we both have other dates. Why?”

32 “Is there,”I asked, “any other man for whom she has a particular fondness?”

“皮蒂，”我说，

“你在跟波利谈恋爱吧?”

“我觉得她是一个讨人喜欢的姑娘，”他回答说，

“但我不知道这是不是就叫做爱情。你问这个干吗?”

“你和她有什么正式的安排吗?我是说你们是不是常有约会，或者有诸如此类的事情?”我问。“没有，我们常常见面。但我们俩各自有别的约会。你问这个干嘛?”

“还有没有别人使她特别喜欢呢?”我问道。

33“Not that I know of. Why?”

34 I nodded with satisfaction. “In other words, if you were out of the picture, the field would be open. Is that right?”[(if you stop dating her), other would be free to compete for her friendship. ]

35“I guess so. What are you getting at?”

36“Nothing , nothing,”I said innocently, and took my suitcase out the closet.

37“Where are you going?”asked Petey.

38“Home for weekend.”I threw a few things into the bag.

“那我可不知道。你问这些干吗?”

我满意地点点头说：“这就是说。如果你不在，场地就是空着的。你说是吗?”

“我想是这样。你这话是什么意思?”

“没什么，没什么，”我若无其事地说，接着把手提皮箱从壁橱里拿了出来。

“你去哪儿?”皮蒂问。

“回家过周末。”我把几件衣服扔进了提箱。

39 “Listen,”he said, clutching my arm eagerly, “while you’re home, you couldn’t get some money from your old man, could you, and lend it to me so I can buy a raccoon coat?”

40“I may do better than that,”I said with a mysterious wink and closed my bag and left.

“听着，”他焦急的抓住clutching我的胳膊说，“你回家后，从你父亲那儿弄点钱来借给我买一件浣熊皮大衣，好吗?”

“也许不仅只是这样呢。”我神秘地眨着眼睛说，随后关上皮箱就走了。

41“Look,”I said to Petey when I got back Monday morning. I threw open the suitcase and revealed the huge, hairy, gamy object that my father had worn in his Stutz Bearcat in 1925.

星期一上午我回到学校时对皮蒂说：“你瞧!”我猛地打开皮箱，那件肥大、毛茸茸、散发着怪味的东西露了出来，这就是我父亲。1925年在施图茨比尔凯特汽车里穿过的那一件浣熊皮大衣。

42“Holy Toledo!”[Slang] said Petey reverently. He plunged his hands into the raccoon coat and then his face. “Holy Toledo!”he repeated fifteen or twenty times.

43“Would you like it?”I asked.

44 “Oh yes!”he cried, clutching the greasy pelt to him. Then a canny look came into his eyes. “What do you want for it?”

45“Your girl.”I said, mincing no words.

46“Polly?”he said in a horrified whisper. “You want Polly?”

47“That’s right.”

“太好了!”

皮蒂恭敬的[respectfully]说。他把两只手插进那件皮大衣，然后把头也埋了进去。“太好啦!”他不断地重复了一二十遍。

“你喜欢吗?”我问道。

“哦，喜欢!”他高声叫着，把那满是油腻的毛皮紧紧地搂在怀里。接着他眼里露出机警的神色，说着：“你要什么换呢?”

“你的女朋友，”我毫不讳言地说。

“波利?”他吃惊了，结结巴巴地说，“你要波利?”

“是的。”

48 He flung the coat from him. “Never,”he said stoutly.

49 I shrugged. “Okay. If you don’t want to be in the swim, I guess it’s your business.”

他把皮大衣往旁一扔，毫不妥协的说：“那可不行。”

我耸了耸肩膀说：“好吧，如果你不想赶时髦，那就随你的便好了。”

50 I sat down in a chair and pretended to read a book, but out of the corner of my eye I kept watching Petey. He was a torn man. [He was a man torn between two forces: love for Polly and love for the raccoon coat. | He was an agonized (agitated) man.] First he looked at the coat with the expression of a waif at a bakery window. Then he turned away and set his jaw resolutely. Then he looked back at the coat, with even more longing in his face. Then he turned away, but with not so much resolution this time. Back and forth his head swiveled, desire waxing, resolution waning. Finally he didn’t turn away at all; he just stood and stared with mad lust at the coat.

我在一把椅子上坐了下来，假装读书，暗暗地瞟着皮蒂。他神情不安，用面包店窗前的流浪儿那种馋涎欲滴的神情望着那件皮大衣，接着扭过头去，坚定地咬紧牙关。过了一会儿，他又回过头来把目光投向那件皮大衣，脸上露出更加渴望的神情。等他再扭过头seiveled去，已经不那么坚决了。[desire waxing:To increase gradually in size, number, strength, or intensity 逐渐增大：在大小、数量、强度或强度上逐渐增加]他看了又看，越看越爱，慢慢地决心也就减弱[resolution waning:To decrease gradually in size, amount, intensity, or degree; decline]了。最后他再也不扭过头去，只是站在那儿，贪婪地盯着那件皮大衣。

51“It isn’t as though I was in love with Polly,”he said thickly. “Or going steady or anything like that.”

52“That’s right,”I murmured.

53“What’s Polly to me, or me to Polly?”

54“Not a thing,”said I.

55 “It’s just been a casual kick—just a few laughs, that’s all.”

56 “Try on the coat,”said I.

“我和波利好像不是在谈恋爱，”

他含含糊糊地说。“也说不上经常约会或有诸如此类的事情。”

“好的，”我低声地说。

“波利对我算得了什么?我对波利又算得了什么?”

“只不过是一时高兴[fun]-----不过是说说笑笑[casual play]罢了，如此而已。”

“试试大衣吧。”我说

57 He complied. The coat bunched high over his ears and dropped all the way down to his shoe tops. He looked like a mound of dead raccoons. “Fits fine,”he said happily.

58 I rose from my chair. “Is it a deal?”I asked, extending my hand.

59 He swallowed. “It’s a deal,”he said and shook my hand.

“他照办了。衣领蒙住了[bunched 束住]他的耳朵，下摆一直拖到脚跟。他看起来活像一具浣熊尸体。他高兴地说：“挺合身的。”

“我从椅子上站了起来。“成交了吗?”我说着，把手伸向他。

他轻易地接受了[swallowed吞咽]。“算数．”他说，并跟我握了握手。

60 I had my first date with Polly the following evening. This was in the nature of a survey; I wanted to find out just how much work I had to do to get her mind up to the standard I required.

I took her first to dinner. “Gee, that was a delish dinner,”she said as we left the restaurant. Then I took her to a movie. “Gee, that was a marvy movie,”she said as we left the theatre. And then I took her home. “Gee, I had a sensaysh time,”she said as she bade me good night.

第二天晚上，我与波利第一次约会了。这一次实际上是我对她的考察。我想弄清要作多大的努力才能使她的头脑达到我的要求。我首先请她去吃饭。“哈，这顿饭真够意思，”离开餐馆时她说。然后我请她去看电影。“嘿，这片子真好看marvy [marvelous]，”走出影院时她说。最后我送她回家。和我道别时她说：“嘿，今晚玩得真痛快[sensational:outstanding; spectacular]。”

61 I went back to my room with a heavy heart. I had gravely underestimated the size of my task. This girl’s lack of information was terrifying. Nor would it be enough merely to supply her with information. First she had to be taught to think. This loomed as a project of no small dimensions, and at first I was tempted to give her back to Petey. But then I got to thinking about her abundant physical charms and about the way she entered a room and the way she handled a knife and fork, and I decided to make an effort.

我带着不大痛快的心情回到了房间。我对这任务的艰巨性gravely估计underestimated得太低了。这姑娘的知识少得叫人吃惊terrifying。只是给她增加知识还不够，首先得教她学会思考。这可不是一件容易的事，当时我真想把她还给皮蒂算了。但我一想到她那充满魅力的身材，她那进屋时的模样，她那拿刀叉的姿式，我还是决定再作一番努力。

62 I went about it, as in all things, systematically. I gave her a course in logic. It happened that I, as a law student, was taking a course in logic myself, so I had all the facts at my fingertips. “Poll’,”I said to her when I picked her up on our next date, “tonight we are going over to the Knoll and talk.”

就像做其他的事情一样，我开始有计划地干了起来。我开始给她上辑课。幸好我是一个学法律的学生，我自己也正在学逻辑学，所以对要教的内容我都很熟悉fingertips指尖.。当我接她赴第二次约会时，我对她说：“今晚上咱们去‘小山’谈谈吧”。

63“Oo, terrif,”she replied. One thing I will say for this girl: you would go far to find another so agreeable.

64 We went to the Knoll, the campus trysting place, and we sat down under an old oak, and she looked at me expectantly. “What are we going to talk about?”she asked.

65“Logic.”

66 She thought this over for a minute and decided she liked it. “Magnif,”she said.

63“啊，好极了[terrific]，”她回答道。对这姑娘我要补充一句的是，像她这么好商量的人是不多见的。[ you would do a good job (do great) if you could find another girl so congenial

(so suited to my heart).]

我们去了“小山”，这是校园里人们幽会trysting的地方。我们坐在一棵老橡树下，她用期待的眼神看着我。“我们谈些什么呢?”她问。

“逻辑学。”

她想了一会儿，觉得不错，便说：“好极了[magnificent]。”

67“Logic,”I said, clearing my throat,“is the science of thinking. Before we can think correctly, we must first learn to recognize the common fallacies of logic. These we will take up tonight.”

68“Wow-dow!”she cried, clapping her hands delightedly.

69 I winced, but went bravely on. “First let us examine the fallacy called Dicto Simpliciter.”

“逻辑学，”我清了清嗓了，“就是思维的科学。在我们能正确地思维之前，首先必须学会判别逻辑方面的常见谬误。我们今晚就要来谈谈这些。”

“哇!”她叫了起来，高兴地拍着手。

我打了个寒噤，但还是鼓足勇气讲下去：“首先我们来考究一下被称为绝对判断的谬误。”70“By all means,”she urged, batting her lashes eagerly.

71“Dicto Simpliciter means an argument based on an unqualified generalization. For example: Exercise is good. Therefore everybody should exercise.”

72 “I agree,”said Polly earnestly. “I mean exercise is wonderful. I mean it builds the body and everything.”

“好呀!"[by all means: of course]”urged强烈要求她眨了眨眼[batting her lashes:/blink one’s eyes] ，催促着eagerly热切地。

“绝对判断指的是根据一种无条件的前提推出的论断。譬如说，运动是有益的，因此人人都要运动。”

波利认真地说，“运动是非常有益的，它能增强体质，好处太多了!”

73“Polly,”I said gently, “the argument is a fallacy. Exercise is good is an unqualified generalization. For instance, if you have heart disease, exercise is bad, not good. Many people are ordered by their doctors not to exercise. You must qualify the generalization. You must say exercise is usually good, or exercise is good for most people. Otherwise you have committed a Dicto Simpliciter. Do you see?”

“波利，”我温和地说，“这种论点是谬误。运动有益是一种无条件的前提。比方说，假设你得了心脏病，运动不但无益，反而有害，有不少人医生就不准他们运动。你必须给这种前提加以限制。你应该说，一般来说运动是有益的。或者说，对大多数人是有益的。否则就是犯了绝对判断的错误，懂吗?”

74“No,”she confessed. “But this is marvy. Do more! Do more!”

75“It will be better if you stop tugging at my sleeve,”I told her, and when she desisted, I continued. “Next we take up a fallacy called Hasty Generalization. Listen carefully: You can’t speak French. Petey Bellows can’t speak French. I must therefore conclude that nobody at the University of Minnesota can speak French.”

“不懂，”她坦率地说。“这可太有意思了，讲吧!往下讲吧!”

“你最好别拉tugging at我袖子了，”我对她说。等她松了手，我继续讲：“下面我们讲一种被称为草率结论的谬误。你仔细听：你不会讲法语，我不会讲法语，皮蒂也不会讲法语。因此我就会断定在明尼苏达大学谁也不会讲法语。”

76“Really?”said Polly, amazed. “Nobody?”

77 I hid my exasperation. “Polly, it’s a fallacy. The generalization is reached too hastily. There are too few instances to support such a conclusion.”

78“Know any more fallacies?”she asked breathlessly. “This is more fun than dancing even.”“真的?”波利好奇的问道，“谁也不会吗?”

我压住火气exasperation愤怒。“波利，这是一种谬误，这是一种草率的结论exasperation 匆忙。能使这种结论成立的例证太少了。”

“你还知道其他的谬误吗?”她气喘吁吁地说：“这真比跳舞还有意思啦!”

79 I fought off a wave of despair. I was getting nowhere with this girl, absolutely nowhere. Still, I am nothing if not persistent. I continued.

80“Next comes Post Hoc. Listen to this: Let’s not take Bill on our picnic. Every time we take him out with us, it rains.”

我极力地使自己不灰心。我真拿这姑娘没办法，的确是毫无办法despair绝望。I was making no progress in the coaching of this girl, absolutely not a bit.可是，如果我不坚持下去，我就太没有用了。

因此，我继续讲下去。“现在听我讲讲‘牵强附会’的谬误。听着：我们不要带比尔出去野餐。每次带他一起去，天就下雨。”

81“I know somebody just like that,”she exclaimed. “A girl back home—Eula Becker, her name is. It never fails. Every single time we take her on a picnic—”

82 “Polly,”I said sharply, “it’s a fallacy. Eula Becker doesn’t cause the rain. She has no connection with the rain. You are guilty of Post Hoc if you blame Eula Becker.”

“我就见过这样的人，”她感叹地说。“我们家乡有个女孩，名叫尤拉·蓓克尔。从没有例外，每次我们带她去野餐……”

“波利，”我严厉地说，“这是一种谬误。下雨并不是尤拉蓓克尔造成的，下雨与她没有任何关系。如果你责怪尤拉·蓓克尔，你就是犯了牵强附会的错误。”

83“I’ll never do it again,”she promised contritely.“Are you mad at me?”

84 I sighed deeply. “No, Polly, I’m not mad.”

85“Then tell me some more fallacies.”

86“All right. Let’s try Contradictory Premises.”

87“Yes, let’s,”she chirped, blinking her eyes happily.

“我再也不这样了，”她懊悔地保证说。“你生我的气了吗?”

我深深地叹了一口气：“不，波利，我没生气。”

“那么，给我再讲些谬误吧!”

“好，让我们来看看矛盾前提吧。”

“行，行，”她叽叽喳喳地叫着[鸟叫chirped]，两眼闪现出快乐的光芒。

88 I frowned, but plunged ahead. “Here’s an example of Contradictory Premises: If God can do anything, can He make a stone so heavy that He won’t be able to lift it?”

89 “Of course,”she replied promptly.

90“But if He can do anything, He can lift the stone,”I pointed out.

91 “Yeah,”she said thoughtfully. “Well, then I guess He can’t make the stone.”92“But He can do anything,”I reminded her.

93 She scratched her pretty, empty head. “I’m all confused,”she admitted.

我皱了皱眉头frowned，但还是接着讲下去[plung:突降】。“这里有一个矛盾前提的例子：如果上帝是万能的，他能造出一块连他自己也搬不动的大石头吗?”

“当然能，”她毫不犹豫地回答道。

“但是如果他是万能的，他就能搬动那块石头呀，”我提醒她。

“是嘛!”她若有所思thoughtfully地说，“嗯，我想他造不出那样的石头。”

“但他是万能的啊，”我进一步提醒她。

她用手抓了抓她那漂亮而又空虚的脑袋[scratched弃权]。“我全搞糊涂了，”她承认说。94“Of course you are. Because when the premises of an argument contradict each other, there can be no argument. If there is an irresistible force, there can be no immovable object. If there is an immovable object, there can be no irresistible force. Get it?”

95“Tell me more of this keen stuff,”she said eagerly.

“你确实糊涂了。因为一种论点的各个前提premises相互问是矛盾的，这种论点就不能成立。如果有一种不可抗拒的力量．就不可能有一种不可移动的物体；如果有一种不可移动的物体，就不可能有一种不可抗拒的irresistible力量。懂吗?”“再给我讲些这类新奇的玩意儿吧，”她恳切地说。

96 I consulted my watch. “I think we’d better call it a night. I’ll take you home now, and you go over all the things you’ve learned. We’ll have another session tomorrow night.”

我看了看表，说：“我想今晚就谈到这里[call it a night: I think we’d better stop here tonight ]。我现在该送你回去了。你把所学的东西复习一遍，我们明晚上再来上一课session吧。”

97 I deposited her at the girls’dormitory, where she assured me that she had had a perfectly terrif evening, and I went glumly home to my room. Petey lay snoring in his bed, the raccoon coat huddled like a great hairy beast at his feet. For a moment I considered waking him and telling him that he could have his girl back. It seemed clear that my project was doomed to failure. The girl simply had a logic-proof head.

我把她送[deposited: put (something somewhere) firmly; drop (compare: place or put)]到了女生宿舍，在那里她向我保证说这个晚上她过得非常痛快[terrif好极了]。我闷闷不乐地glumly 回到了我的房间，皮蒂正鼾声如雷snoring地睡在床上。那件浣熊皮大衣像一头多毛的hairy 野兽beast扒在他的脚边[huddled挤在一起]。我当时真想把他叫醒，告诉他可以把他的女朋友要回去。看来我的计划会要落空了。这姑娘对逻辑简直是一点儿都不开窍。

98 But then I reconsidered. I had wasted one evening; I might as well waste another. Who knew? Maybe somewhere in the extinct crater of her mind a few embers still smoldered. Maybe somehow I could fan them into flame. Admittedly it was not a prospec t fraught with hope, but I decided to give it one more try.

但是我回过头一想，既然已经浪费了一个晚上，不妨还是再花一个晚上看看。天晓得，说不定她头脑里的死火山口[crater:死火山crater of an extinct (inactive/dead) volcano/dormant volcano?] 中的什么地方，还有些火星会喷射出来呢。也许我会有办法能把这些火星[embers:余火[small, glowing pieces of coal or wood]扇成熊熊烈焰[smoldered:慢燃burn slowly and without a flame]。当然，[充满filled with/charged with]成功的希望是不大的，但我还是决定再试一次。

No one knew what the outcome might be. Maybe somewhere in the corner of her mind which was like the crater of an extinct (dead/inactive) volcano, some embers (small, glowing pieces of coal or wood) still burned slowly and flamelessly. Maybe I could blow (stir) the embers into flame.

I had to admit that the chance of my making it (completing the mission) was very small, but I decided to give it one more shot (do it one more time).

99 Seated under the oak the next evening I said, “Our first fallacy tonight is called Ad Misericordiam.”

100 She quivered with delight.

第二天晚上我们又坐在那棵橡树下，我说：

“今晚上我们要谈的第一种谬误叫做文不对题。”

她高兴得都发抖quivered了。

101“Listen closely,”I said. “A man applies for a job. When the boss asks him what his qualifications are, he replies that he has a wife and six children at home, the wife is a helpless cripple, the children have nothing to eat, no clothes to wear, no shoes on their feet, there are no beds in the house, no coal in the cellar, and winter is coming.”

“注意听，”我说。“有个人申请工作，当老板问他所具备的条件时，他回答说他家有妻子和六个孩子。妻子完全残废cripple了，孩子们没吃的，没穿的，睡觉没有床，生火没有煤，眼看冬天就要到了。”

102 A tear rolled down each of Polly’s pink cheeks. “Oh, this is awful, awful,”she sobbed. 103 “Yes, it’s awful,”I agreed, “but it’s no argument. The man never answered the boss’s question about his qualifications. Instead he appealed to the boss’s sympathy. He committed the fallacy of Ad Misericordiam. Do you understand?”

两滴眼泪顺着波利那粉红的面颊往下滚。

“啊，这太可怕了!太可怕了!”她抽泣着说。

“是的，是太可怕了，”

我同意地说。“但这可不成其为申请工作的理由。那人根本没有回答老板提出的关于他的条件的间题，反而祈求老板的同情。他犯了文不对题的错误。你懂吗!”

104“Have you got a handkerchief?”she blubbered.

105 I handed her a handkerchief and tried to keep from screaming while she wiped her eyes. “Next,”I said in a carefully controlled tone, “we will discuss False Analogy. Here is an example: Students should be allowed to look at their textbooks during examinations. After all, surgeons have X-rays to guide them during an operation, lawyers have briefs to guide them during a trial, carpenters have blueprints to guide them when they are building a house. Why, then, shouldn’t students be allowed to look at their textbooks during an examination?”

“你带手帕了没有?”她哭着说我把手帕递给她。当她擦眼泪时，我极力控制自己的火气。“下面，”我小心地压低声调说，“我们要讨论错误类比。这里有一个例子：应该允许学生考试时看课本。既然外科医生在做手术时可以看X光片，律师在审案时可以看案由，木匠在造房子时可以看蓝图，为什么学生在考试时不能看课本呢?”

106“There now,”she said enthusiastically, “is the most marvy idea I’ve heard in years.”107“Polly,”I said testily[the testy manager 暴躁的经理/one's testy remarks 某人的气话] , “the argument is all wrong. Doctors, lawyers, and carpenters aren’t taking a test to see how much they have learned, but students are. The situations are altogether different, and you can’t make an analogy between them.”

108“I still think it’s a good idea,”said Polly.

“这个，”她满怀激情地说，“可是我多少年来听到的最好的主意。”

“波利，”我生气地说，“这种论点全错了。医生、律师和木匠并不是以参加考试的方式去测验他们所学的东西。学生们才是这样。情况完全不同，你不能在不同的情况之间进行类比”。“我还是觉得这是个好主意，”波利说。

109“Nuts,”[crazy; insane as in ―Are you nuts?]I muttered [To speak indistinctly in low tones]. Doggedly [with obstinate倔强的, 顽固的determination (resolution);

tenaciously; with set jaw; resolutely] I pressed on.[continue moving forward;move on]“Next we’ll try Hypothesis Contrary to Fact.”

110“Sounds yummy,”was Polly’s reaction.

111“Listen: If Madame Curie had not happened to leave a photographic[沥青油矿] plate in a

drawer with a chunk of pitchblende, the world today would not know about radium.”

“咳!”我嘀咕着，但我还是执意地往下讲，

“接下去我们试试与事实相反的假设吧。”

波利的反应是：“倒挺好。”

“你听着：如果居里夫人不是碰巧把一张照相底片放在装有一块沥清铀矿石的抽屉里，那么世人今天就不会知道镭。”

112“True, true,”said Polly, nodding her head “Did you see the movie? Oh, it just knocked me out. .[overwhelm with admiration; overcome, as with emotions or perceptual stimuli; "All the guys were knocked out by her charm"] That Walter Pidgeon is so dreamy. I mean he fractures me.”

113“If you can forget Mr. Pidgeon for a moment,”I said coldly, “I would like to point out that statement is a fallacy. Maybe Madame Curie would have discovered radium at some later date. Maybe somebody else would have discovered it. Maybe any number of things would have happened. You can’t start with a hypothesis that is not true and then draw any supportable conclusions from it.”

“对，对，”

波利点头称是。

“你看过那部影片吗?哦，真好看。沃尔特·皮金演得太好了．我是说他让我着迷了。”“如果你能暂时忘记皮金先生，”

我冷冰冰地说，“我会愿意指出这种说法是错误的。也许居里夫人以后会发现镭的，也许由别人去发现，也许还会发生其他的事情。你不能从一个不实际的假设出发，从中得出任何可站得住脚的结论。”

114 “They ought to put Walter Pidgeon in more pictures,”[ They ought to let Walter Pidgeon star in more movies,‖said Polly said Polly, “I hardly ever see him any more.”]

115 One more chance, I decided. But just one more. There is a limit to what flesh and blood can bear. “The next fallacy is called Poisoning the Well.”

116“How cutee [lovely]!”she gurgled [to make a bubbling sound]. “

人们真应该让沃尔特皮金多拍些照片，”波利说，“我几乎再也看不到他了。”

我决定再试一次，但只能一次。一个人的忍耐毕竟是有限度的。我说：“下一个谬误叫做井下放毒。”

“多聪明啊!”她咯咯笑了起来。

117“Two men are having a debate. The first one gets up and says, ‘My opponent is a notorious liar. You can’t believe a word that he is going to say.’... Now, Polly, think. Think hard. What’s wrong?”

“有两个人在进行一场辩论。第一个人站起来说：‘我的论敌是个劣迹昭彰的骗子。他所说的每一句话都不可信。’……波利，现在你想想，好好想一想。这句话错在哪里?”

118I watched her closely as she knit her creamy brow in concentration. Suddenly a glimmer of intelligence—the first I had seen—came into her eyes. “It’s not fair,”she said with indignation. “It’s not a bit fair. What chance has the second man got if the first man calls him a liar before he even begins talking?”

她紧锁着眉头，我凝神地看着她。突然，一道智慧的光芒——这是我从未看到过的一一闪现在她的眼中。

“这不公平，”

她气愤地说，“一点都不公平。如果第一个人不等第二个人开口就说他是骗子，那么第二个

人还有什么可说的呢?”

119“Right!”I cried exultantly. “One hundred per cent right. It’s not fair. The first man has poisoned the well before anybody could drink from it. He has hamstrung his opponent before he could even start ... Polly, I’m proud of you.”

120“Pshaws,”she murmured, blushing with pleasure.[A blush is a milder redness

of face, construed as a sign of vigor, especially in the young. (her face turning reddish with pleasure) 脸红是一种温和的脸发红，被认为是活力的标志，特别是在年轻人。（她脸上带着愉快的红）

“对!”

我高兴地叫了起来，“百分之百的对，是不公平。第一个人还不等别人喝到井水，就在井下放毒了。他还不等他的对手开口就已经伤害了他。

……波利，我真为你感到骄傲。”

她轻轻地“哼”了一声，高兴得脸郡发红了。

121“You see, my dear, these things aren’t so hard. All you have to do is concentrate. Think—examine—evaluate. Come now, let’s review everything we have learned.”

“你看，亲爱的，这些问题并不深奥，只要精力集中，就能对付。思考——分析—一判断。来，让我们把所学过的东西再复习一遍吧。”

122“Fire away,”she said with an airy wave of her hand.

123 Heartened by the knowledge that Polly was not altogether a cretin[retarded person], I began a long, patient review of all I had told her. Over and over and over again I cited instances, pointed out flaws, kept hammering away without let-up. It was like digging a tunnel. At first, everything was work, sweat, and darkness. I had no idea when I would reach the light, or even if I would. But I persisted. I pounded and clawed and scraped, and finally I was rewarded. I saw a chink of light. And then the chink [crack/slit] got bigger and the sun came pouring in and all was bright.

“来吧，”她说着。把手往上一晃。

看到波利并不那么傻，我的劲头上来了。于是，我便开始把对她讲过的一切，长时间地、耐心地复习了一遍。Over and over again I gave examples and pointed out the mistakes in her thinking. I kept emphasizing all this without stopping.

我给她一个一个地举出例子，指出其中的错误，不停地讲下去。就好比挖掘一条隧道，开始只有劳累、汗水和黑暗，不知道什么时候能见到光亮，甚至还不知道能否见到光亮。但我坚持着，凿啊，挖啊，刮啊，终于得到了报偿。我见到了一线光亮，这光亮越来越大，终于阳光洒进来了，一切都豁然开朗了。

124Five grueling nights with this took, but it was worth it. I had made a logician out of Polly; I had taught her to think. My job was done. She was worthy of me, at last. She was a fit wife [proper and suitable/matching wife (the right woman

partner)] f or me, a proper [qualified/eligible] hostess for my many mansions, a suitable mother for my well-heeled [in fortunate circumstances financially; moderately rich; well-fixed, well-off, well-to-do] children.

我辛辛苦苦地花了五个晚上，但总算还是没有白费，我使波利变成一个逻辑学家了，我教她学会了思考。我的任务完成了，她最终还是配得上我的。她会成为我贤慧的妻子，我那些豪华公馆里出色的女主人。我那些有良好教养的孩子们的合格的母亲。

125 It must not be thought that I was without love for this girl. Quite the contrary. Just as Pygmalion loved the perfect woman he had fashioned, so I loved mine. I decided to acquaint her with my feelings at our very next meeting. The time had come to change our relationship from

academic to romantic.

不要以为我不爱这姑娘了，恰恰相反。正如皮格马利翁珍爱他自己塑造的完美的少女像一样，我也非常地爱我的波利。我决定下次会面时把自己的感情向她倾吐。该是把我们师生式的关系转化为爱情的时候了。I decided to tell her how I felt about her (express my affection for her/declare my love to her) when we dated (saw each other) again next time. It was about time (high time) to our relationship from that of trainer-trainee to that of lovers.

126“Polly,”I said when next we sat beneath our oak, “tonight we will not discuss fallacies.”“Aw, gee,”she said, disappointed.

128“My dear,”I said, favoring her with a smile, “we have now spent five evenings together. We have gotten along splendidly. It is clear that we are well matched.”

“波利，”当我们又坐在我们那棵橡树下时，我说。“今晚我们不再讨论谬误了。”

“怎么啦?”

她失望地问道。

“亲爱的，”我友好地对她笑了笑，“我们已经一起度过了五个晚上，我们相处得很好。显然我们俩是很相配的。”

129“Hasty Generalization,”said Polly brightly.

“I beg your pardon,”said I.

“Hasty Generalization,”she repeated. “How can you say that we are well matched on the basis of only five dates?”

“草率结论，”波利伶俐地说。

“你是说…?”我问道。

“草率结论，”她重复了一遍。

“你怎么能凭我们仅有的五次约会就说我们俩很相配呢?”

132 I chuckled with amusement. The dear child had learned her lessons well. “My dear,”I said, patting her hand in a tolerant manner,“five dates is plenty. After all, you don’t have to eat a whole cake to know that it’s good.”

我咯咯一笑，觉得挺有意思。这可爱的小家伙功课学得可真不错。This self-conceited and arrogant freshman adopts a very patronizing attitude towards Polly. This dear little girl has learned very well what I taught her. He patted her hand in such a way as to show that he was trying to put up with something he did not especially like.

“亲爱的，”我耐心地拍打着她的手说，

“五次约会就不少了，毕竟你不必把整个蛋糕吃下去才知道蛋糕的甜味。”

133“False Analogy,”said Polly promptly. “I’m not a cake. I’m a girl.”

134 I chuckled with somewhat less amusement. The dear child had learned her lessons perhaps too well. I decided to change tactics. Obviously the best approach was a simple, strong, direct declaration of love. I paused for a moment while my massive brain chose the proper word. Then I began:

“错误类比，”波利敏捷地说。“我可不是蛋糕，我是个女孩子。”

我微微一笑，但这次不感到那么有意思了。这可爱的孩子功课或许是学得太好了。我决定改变策略。显然，最好的办法就是态度明朗，直接了当地向她表示爱。我沉默了一会儿，用我特别发达的脑袋挑选着合适的词句。然后我便开始说：

135“Polly, I love you. You are the whole world to me, the moon and the stars and the constellations of outer space. Please, my darling, say that you will go steady with me, for if you will not, life will be meaningless. I will languish. I will refuse my meals. I will wander the face of

the earth, a shambling, hollow-eyed hulk.”

“波利，我爱你。对我来说，你就是整个世界，是月亮，是星星，是整个宇宙。我亲爱的，请说你爱我吧。如果你不这样，我的生活就失去意义了。我将会萎靡不振，茶不饮，饭不思，到处游荡，成为一个步履蹒跚、双眼凹下的躯壳。”

[to walk in an awkward, lazy, or unsteady 摇晃的manner, shuffling the feet/ walking with a slow dragging motion without lifting your feet], hollow-eyed hulk [giant; one, such as a person or an object, that is bulky, clumsy, or unwieldy/a very large person; impressive in size or qualities/ a person of greater than average 一个人，如一个人或一个物体，体积大，笨拙或笨拙/非常大的人；令人印象深刻的大小或质量/人大于平均水平

136There, I thought, folding my arms, that ought to do it.

The direct declaration of love should move Polly to accept my love.

There: interj. Used to express feelings such as relief, satisfaction, sympathy, or

anger: There, now I can have some peace!

Folding my arms, I thought that will do (my direct declaration of love will move

Polly into accepting me as her boyfriend/going-steady partner)

137.“Ad Misericordiam,”said Polly.

138.I ground my teeth. I was not Pygmalion; I was Frankenstein, and my monster had me by the throat. Frantically I fought back the tide of panic surging through me; at all costs I had to keep cool.

我交叉着双手站在那里，心想这下子可打动了她。

“文不对题，”波利说。

我咬咬牙。我不是皮格马利翁，我是弗兰肯斯坦，我的喉咙似乎一下子让魔鬼卡住了。我极力地控制涌上心头的阵阵痛楚。[He planned to be Pygmalion, to fashion an ideal wife for himself; but he became Frankenstein for Polly (his student) ultimately rejected him (her teacher). ]无论怎样，我电要保持冷静。

I was not Pygmalion who had successfully fashioned a statue and fallen in love

with her, but Frankenstein who had created a monster that, however, wanted

to kill (destroy) its creator. I tried desperately to master/control the feeling of

scare that overwhelmed me.

Had me by the throat: seize me by the throat; grasp fate by the throat.] 139.“Well, Polly,”I said, forcing a smile, “you certainly have learned your fallacies.”

140.“You’re darn right,”she said with a vigorous nod.

141.“And who taught them to you, Polly?”

142.“You did.”

“好了，波利，”

我强装着笑脸说，“这些谬误你的确已学到家了。”

“这可说得很对，”她使劲地点了点头说道。

“可是波利，这一切是谁教给你的?”

“你教的嘛。”“That’s right. So you do owe me something, don’t you, my dear? If I hadn’t come along you never would have learned about fallacies.”“Hypothesis Contrary to Fact,”she said instantly. I dashed perspiration from my brow.

“是的，那你得感谢我呀。是吗，亲爱的?要是我不和你在一起，你永远也不会学到这些谬误的”。

“与事实相反的假设，”波利不加思索地说着。

145. I dashed perspiration from my brow.“Polly,”I croaked, “you mustn’t take all these things so literally. I mean this is just classroom stuff. You know that the things you learn in school don’t have anything to do with life.”

146.“Dicto Simpliciter,”she said, wagging her finger at me playfully.

我甩掉了额前的汗珠perspiration. [I wiped off sweat from my brow hurriedly. ―Polly,‖I said hoarsely (like the sound of a frog), ―you mustn‘t interpret/approach these things from a literal (word-for-word) perspective‖(字面上意识) (based on what they are exactly described in books)‖] “波利，”我用嘶哑的声音说道，“你不要死板地接受这些东西。我是说那只是课堂上讲的东西。你知道学校学的东西与现实生活毫不相关。”[Polly, you mustn’t take all the logical fallacies I taught you seriously as real facts.

“绝对判断，”她说道，嬉戏地向我摇摇指头。

147. That did it. I leaped to my feet, bellowing like a bull.“Will you or will you not go steady with me?”

148. “I will not,”she replied.

“Why not?”I demanded. “

Because this afternoon I promised Petey Bellows that I would go steady with him.”

这一下可使我恼火了。我猛地跳leap了起来，像公牛似地吼叫着. I got so angry that I jumped to my feet and shouted. 我气得跳到我的脚边大叫。

That was more than I could bear (I could not tolerate it any more). I jumped

to my feet, roaring like a bull. He held his head between his hands, and

silently prayed:

“你到底想不想跟我相爱?”

“我不想，”她答道。

“为什么不想?”我追问着。

“因为今天下午我答应了皮蒂伯奇，我愿意和他相爱。”

151. I reeled back, overcome with the infamy of it. After he promised, after he made a deal, after he shook my hand! “The rat!”I shrieked, kicking up great chunks of turf. “You can’t go with him, Polly. He’s a liar. He’s a cheat. He’s a rat.”

我被皮蒂这一无耻的行径（infamy恶行）气得一阵晕眩，情不自禁地向后退去(reel back)。皮蒂答应了我，跟我成了交，还跟我握了手呢!“这个可耻的家伙!”我尖着shrieked嗓子大叫，把一块块草皮great chunks of turf踢了kick up起来。“你不能跟他在一起，波利。他是一个说谎的人，一个骗子，一个可耻的家伙!”

[Compare: I staggered back摇摇晃晃overcome by the great wickedness of Petey’s traitorous act背信弃义.

I fell back (feeling dizzy), overwhelmed (dealt a big blow大打击) by the dirty trick卑鄙的行为(conspiracy阴谋，反叛) behind all this.]

“Poisoning the Well ,”said Polly, “and stop shouting. I think shouting must be a fallacy too.”“井下放毒，”波利说。“别叫嚷了，我认为大声叫嚷就是一种谬误。”

With an immense effort of will, I modulated my voice. “All right,”I said. “You’re a logician. Let’s look at this thing logically. How could you choose Petey Bellows over me? Look at me—a brilliant student, a tremendous intellectual, a man with an assured future. Look at Petey—a knothead, a jitterbug, a guy who’ll never know where his next meal is coming from. Can you give me one logical reason why you should go steady with Petey Bellows?”

“I certainly can,”declared Polly. “He’s got a raccoon coat.”

我以极大的意志力把语气缓和下来。

“好吧，”

我说，“你是一个逻辑学家。那就让我们从逻辑上来分析这件事吧。你怎么会看得中皮蒂，而看不起我呢?

你瞧我一个才华横溢的学生，一个了不起的知识分子，一个前途无量的人；而皮蒂

——一个笨蛋，一个反复无常的人，一个吃了上顿不知有没有下顿的家伙。你能给我一个合乎逻辑的理由来说明你为什么要跟皮蒂好吗?”

“当然能，”波利肯定地说。

“他有一件浣熊皮大衣。”

knothead:stupid person (not very bright person ---a knot in the head/short-circuited head/Hangzhou Dialect) blockhead, bonehead, chucklehead, dummy, fathead, knucklehead. jitterbug : an alarmist大惊小怪者, 杞人忧天者or scaremonger散布谣言的人

高级英语pub talk and the king's english中英笔记

L3. Pub Talk and the King’s English(酒吧闲谈与标准英语) Henry Fairlie (亨利·费尔利) 1.Conversation is the most sociable of all human activities.And it is an activity only of humans. However intricate the way in which animals communicate with each other, they do not indulge in anything that deserves the name of conversation. 人类的一切活动中，闲谈是最具交际性的sociable（主题句），也是人类特有的。而动物之间的信息交流，无论其方式何等复杂intricate，也是称不上交际的。 1.And it is an activity only of humans. (para1) 并且它是人类特有的一种活动。 And conversation is an activity which is found only among human being． Sociable [?so???bl] adj.随和的，好交际的，友善的friendly or agreeable,eapecially in an easy,informal way(用书） intricate (adj) : hard to follow or understand because full of puzzling parts，details，or relationships错综复杂的；难以理解的，难懂的 Indulge: 任凭自己沉溺于……；耽于to allow yourself to have or do sth that you like,eapecially sth that is considered bad for you ----indulge in sth, indulge yourself. 例：Women do not indulge in to the same extent as men. deserve: 值得；应得 2.The charm of conversation is that it does not really start from anywhere, and no one has any idea where it will go as it meander s or leap s and sparkle s or just glow s. The enemy of good conversation is the person who has “something to say.”Conversation is not for making a point. Argument may often be a part of it, but the purpose of the argument is not to convince. There is no winning in conversation. In fact, the best conversationalist s are those who are prepared to lose. Suddenly they see the moment for one of their best anecdote s, but in a flash the conversation has moved on and the opportunity is lost. They are ready to let it go.

英译中笔记方法

英译中笔记方法 我历年的实践，发现学友们在学习口译上最大的难点在于笔记问题。因此我整理了一条实用的（E-C）英译中笔记方法，提供初涉口译的众学友学习。 首先，这里需要指出的是，大多数同学并没有意识到口译笔记的基本类型。在此为大家简述一番，其实口译笔记可以按照“源语和目标语”分为两类，在此以英语(论坛)和汉语为例。比如：“E-C”和“C-E”是两个不同的体系。（E-C即英译中；C-E即中译英）。 关于“C-E模式”的笔记，在中译英时口译者并没有听力上的挑战，所以在记录笔记时我们大都可从容应对；把握脉络、大意、关键词，并选择性的记录；而且还能保证主要意思都能记在脑中；即使没有系统训练过笔记法的学友，也可以通过强记和速写，把信息记全。 所以说，中高级口译考试时的“C-E模式”的句子或段落的笔记可以是挑选性的（selective）; 也可以做得“面面俱到”（every single point），而这时的要求就是你手写速度，清晰度（legibility）, 合理逻辑的布局和排列。 在这样的背景下，C-E模式的笔记体系就引入了大量的“符号”以简化速记的强度，提高速记的质量，使译者有更多的时间脑记。 比如这段符号：“中 e ↗+” 表示“中国经济的强劲增长。” 笔者纵观了各种专业课程、比较了热门的口译笔记法书籍，口译论坛和网站上的有关信息，发现对于这些“符号”并没有一个有明确的、规范的统一写法。完全是不同专家和从业者的各种个性化的笔记，加上一些共性的元素。比如：“全球”这个概念, 有时会写“w”；有时也写成“⊙” 。写法各异，但都属于认知常识范畴。 对于这一情况，我也反复告诫学友，口译上常见的表达和词汇，要用符号，因为用熟悉的“固定符号”更加容易想象到这些信息，所以大家就得掌握熟记这些符号，这样才可以在考试中赢得更多翻译和口译的时间。

(完整版)高级英语第二册课文翻译

高级英语第二册课文翻译 Unit1 Pub Talk and the King's English 酒吧闲聊与标准英语 亨利?费尔利 人类的一切活动中，只有闲谈最宜于增进友谊，而且是人类特有的一种活动。动物之间的信息交流，不论其方式何等复杂，也是称不上交谈的。 闲谈的引人人胜之处就在于它没有一个事先定好的话题。它时而迂回流淌，时而奔腾起伏，时而火花四射，时而热情洋溢，话题最终会扯到什么地方去谁也拿不准。要是有人觉得“有些话要说”，那定会大煞风景，使闲聊无趣。闲聊不是为了进行争论。闲聊中常常会有争论，不过其目的并不是为了说服对方。闲聊之中是不存在什么输赢胜负的。事实上，真正善于闲聊的人往往是随时准备让步的。也许他们偶然间会觉得该把自己最得意的奇闻轶事选出一件插进来讲一讲，但一转眼大家已谈到别处去了，插话的机会随之而失，他们也就听之任之。 或许是由于我从小混迹于英国小酒馆的缘故吧，我觉得酒瞎里的闲聊别有韵味。酒馆里的朋友对别人的生活毫无了解，他们只是临时凑到一起来的，彼此并无深交。他们之中也许有人面临婚因破裂，或恋爱失败，或碰到别的什么不顺心的事儿，但别人根本不管这些。他们就像大仲马笔下的三个火枪手一样，虽然日夕相处，却从不过问彼此的私事，也不去揣摸别人内心的秘密。 有一天晚上的情形正是这样。人们正漫无边际地东扯西拉，从最普通的凡人俗事谈到有关木星的科学趣闻。谈了半天也没有一个中心话题，事实上也不需要有一个中心话题。可突然间大伙儿的话题都集中到了一处，中心话题奇迹般地出现了。我记不起她那句话是在什么情况下说出来的——她显然不是预先想好把那句话带到酒馆里来说的，那也不是什么非说不可的要紧话——我只知道她那句话是随着大伙儿的话题十分自然地脱口而出的。 “几天前，我听到一个人说‘标准英语’这个词语是带贬义的批评用语，指的是人们应该尽量避免使用的英语。” 此语一出，谈话立即热烈起来。有人赞成，也有人怒斥，还有人则不以为然。最后，当然少不了要像处理所有这种场合下的意见分歧一样，由大家说定次日一早去查证一下。于是，问题便解决了。不过，酒馆闲聊并不需要解决什么问题，大伙儿仍旧可以糊里糊涂地继续闲扯下去。 告诉她“标准英语”应作那种解释的原来是个澳大利亚人。得悉此情，有些人便说起刻薄话来了，说什么囚犯的子孙这样说倒也不足为怪。这样，在五分钟内，大家便像到澳大利亚游览了一趟。在那样的社会里，“标准英语”自然是不受欢迎的。每当上流社会想给“规范英语”制订一些条条框框时，总会遭到下层人民的抵制 看看撒克逊农民与征服他们的诺曼底统治者之间的语言隔阂吧。于是话题又从19世纪的澳大利亚囚犯转到12世纪的英国农民。谁对谁错，并没有关系。闲聊依旧热火朝天。 有人举出了一个人所共知，但仍值得提出来发人深思的例子。我们谈到饭桌上的肉食时用法语词，而谈到提供这些肉食的牲畜时则用盎格鲁一撒克逊词。猪圈里的活猪叫pig，饭桌上吃的猪肉便成了pork(来自法语pore)；地里放牧着的牛叫cattle，席上吃的牛肉则叫beef(来自法语boeuf)；Chicken用作肉食时变成poultry(来自法语poulet)；calf加工成肉则变成veal(来自法语vcau)。即便我们的菜单没有为了装洋耍派头而写成法语，我们所用的英语仍然是诺曼底式的英语。这一切向我们昭示了诺曼底人征服之后英国文化上所存在的深刻的阶级裂痕。 撒克逊农民种地养畜，自己出产的肉自己却吃不起，全都送上了诺曼底人的餐桌。农民们只能吃到在地里乱窜的兔子。兔子肉因为便宜，诺曼底贵族自然不屑去吃它。因此，活兔子和吃的兔子肉共用rabbit

高级英语 Face to face with Hurricane Camille中英笔记

Face To Face With Hurricane Camille 迎战卡米尔号飓风 约瑟夫.布兰克 1John Koshak,Jr., knew Hurricane Camille would be bad. Radio and television warnings had sounded throughout that Sunday. Last August 17, as Camille lashed northwestward across the Gulf of Mexico. It was certain to pummel Gulfport, Miss., where the Koshaks lived. Along the coasts of Louisiana, Mississippi and Alabama, nearly 150,000 people fled inland to safer ground. But like thousands of others in the coastal communities, John was reluctant to abandon his home unless the family—his wife, Janis and their seven children, aged 3 to 11—was clearly endangered. 小约翰。柯夏克已料到，卡米尔号飓风来势定然凶猛。就在去年8月17日那个星期天，当卡米尔号飓风越过墨西哥湾向西北进袭之时，收音机和电视里整天不断地播放着飓风警报。柯夏克一家居住的地方一—密西西比州的高尔夫港——肯定会遭到这场飓风的猛烈袭击。路易斯安那、密西西比和亚拉巴马三州沿海一带的居民已有将近15万人逃往内陆安全地带。但约翰就像沿海村落中其他成千上万的人一样，不愿舍弃家园，要他下决心弃家外逃，除非等到他的一家人一—妻子詹妮丝以及他们那七个年龄从三岁到十一岁的孩子一一眼看着就要灾祸临头。lash (v.): move quickly or violently猛烈冲击；拍打 pummel (n.): beat or hit with repeated blows，esp．with the fist(尤指用拳头)连续地打 2 Trying to reason out the best course of action, he talked with his father and mother, who had moved into the ten-room house with the Koshaks a month earlier from California. He also consulted Charles Hill, a longtime friend, who had driven from Las Vegas for a visit. 为了找出应付这场风灾的最佳对策，他与父母商量过。两位老人是早在一个月前就从加利福尼亚迁到这里来，住进柯夏克一家所住的那幢十个房间的屋子里。他还就此征求过从拉斯韦加斯开车来访的老朋友查理希尔的意见。 course (n.): a way of behaving；mode 0f conduct行为；品行；做法 reason out: to find out an explanation or solution to a problem，by thinking of all the possibilities寻找解决途径 例：Let's reason this out instead of quarrelling．让我们不要争吵，商量出事情的解决方案 3 John, 37—whose business was right there in his home (he designed and developed educational toys and supplies, and all of Magna Products’ correspondence, engineering drawings and art work were there on the first floor)—was familiar with the power of a hurricane. Four years earlier Hurricane Betsy had demolished his former home a few miles west of Gulfport (Koshak had moved his family to a motel for the night). But that house had stood only a few feet above sea level. “We’re elevated23 feet,” he told his father, “and we’re a good 250 yards from the sea. The place has been here since 1915, and no hurricane has ever bothered it. We’ll probably be as safe here as anyplace else.”

自考高级英语上册11课课文翻译

Lesson Eleven On Getting off to Sleep谈睡眠 人真是充满矛盾啊! 毫无疑问，幽默是惟一帮助我们摆脱矛盾的办法，要是没有它，我们就会死于烦恼。 What a bundle of contradictions is a man! Surety, humour is the saving grace of us, for without it we should die of vexation. 在我看来，没有什么比睡眠更能说明事物间的矛盾。 With me, nothing illustrates the contrariness of things better than the matter of sleep. 比如，我打算写一篇文章，面前放好了笔、墨和几张白纸，准保没写几个字我就会困得要命，无论当时是几点都会那样。 If, for example, my intention is to write an essay, and 1 have before me ink and pens and several sheets of virgin paper, you may depend upon it that before I have gone very far I feel an overpowering desire for sleep, no matter what time of the day it is. 我瞪着那似乎在谴责我的白纸，直到眼前一片模糊，声音也难以辨清，只有靠意志力才能勉强坚持。 I stare at the reproachfully blank paper until sights and sounds become dim and confused, and it is only by an effort of will that I can continue at all. 即使这时，我也会迷迷糊糊地像在做梦一样继续坚持工作。 Even then, I proceed half-heartedly, in a kind of dream. 但是当深夜躺在床上，我什么事都能干，只有睡觉无法做到。 But let me be between the sheets at a late hour, and I can do any-thing but sleep. 随着时钟一遍一遍的报时，我可以完成大量的文章。 Between chime and chime of the clock I can write essays by the score. 极有吸引力的主题和崇高的思想纷纷出现在脑海，随之而来的还有恰如其分的意象和措辞。Fascinating subjects and noble ideas come pell-mell, each with its appropriate imagery and expression. 除了笔、墨和纸，什么也不能阻止我写出半打不朽的杰作。 Nothing stands between me and half-a-dozen imperishable masterpieces but pens, ink, and paper. 如果，我们的思想和主观意象对于来世的人来说真的就像我们的书本和图片一样是有形的、摸得着的，那么我在来世会比在今生获得更高的声誉。 If it be true that our thoughts and mental images are perfectly tangible things, like our books and pictures, to the inhabitants of the next world, then I am making for myself a better reputation there than I am in this place. 只要我躺在床上有一两个小时睡不着觉，我就能令自己满意地解决人类一切的疑虑。 Give me a restless hour or two in bed and I can solve, to my own satisfaction, all the doubts of humanity. 如果我有兴致的话，我可以谱写出宏伟的交响乐，描绘出壮丽的画卷。 When I am in the humour I can compose grand symphonies, and paint magnificent pictures. 我就是莎士比亚、贝多芬和米开朗基罗。但这一切仍无法令我满意，因为我还是无法入睡。

《高级英语》课文逐句翻译(12)

《高级英语》课文逐句翻译（12） 我为什么写作 Lesson 12：Why I Write 从很小的时候，大概五、六岁，我知道长大以后将成为一个作家。 From a very early age，perhaps the age of five or six，I knew that when I grew up I should be a writer. 从15到24岁的这段时间里，我试图打消这个念头，可总觉得这样做是在戕害我的天性，认为我迟早会坐下来伏案著书。 Between the ages of about seventeen and twenty-four I tried to adandon this idea，but I did so with the consciousness that I was outraging my true nature and that sooner or later I should have to settle down and write books. 三个孩子中，我是老二。老大和老三与我相隔五岁。8岁以前，我很少见到我爸爸。由于这个以及其他一些缘故，我的性格有些孤僻。我的举止言谈逐渐变得很不讨人喜欢，这使我在上学期间几乎没有什么朋友。 I was the middle child of three，but there was a gap of five years on either side，and I barely saw my father before I was eight- For this and other reasons I was somewhat lonely，and I soon developed disagreeable mannerisms which made me unpopular throughout my schooldays. 我像一般孤僻的孩子一样，喜欢凭空编造各种故事，和想像的人谈话。我觉得，从一开始，我的文学志向就与一种孤独寂寞、被人冷落的感觉联系在一起。我知道我有驾驭语言的才能和直面令人不快的现实的能力。这一切似乎造就了一个私人的天地，在此天地中我能挽回我在日常生活中的不得意。 I had the lonely child's habit of making up stories and holding conversations with imaginary persons，and I think from the very start my literary ambitions were mixed up with the feeling of being isolated and undervalued. 我知道我有驾驭语言的才能和直面令人不快的现实的能力。这一切似乎造就了一个私人的天地，在此天地中我能挽回我在日常生活中的不得意。 I knew that I had a facility with words and a power of facing unpleasant facts，and I felt that this created a sort of private world in which I could get my own back for my failure 还是一个小孩子的时候，我就总爱把自己想像成惊险传奇中的主人公，例如罗宾汉。但不久，我的故事不再是粗糙简单的自我欣赏了。它开始趋向描写我的行动和我所见所闻的人和事。

高级英语lesson2 marrakech课堂笔记

Marrakech George Orwell 1 As the corpse went past the flies left the restaurant table in a cloud and rushed after it, but they came back a few minutes later. 2 The little crowd of mourners -- all men and boys, no women--threaded their way across （break ones way）the market place between the piles of pomegranates and the taxis and the camels, walling a short chant over and over again. What really appeals to the flies is that the corpses here are never put into coffins, they are merely wrapped in a piece of rag and carried on a rough wooden bier on the shoulders of four friends. When the friends get to the burying-ground they hack an oblong hole a foot or two deep, dump the body in it and fling over it a little of the dried-up, lumpy earth, which is like broken brick. No gravestone, no name, no identifying mark of any kind. The burying-ground is merely a huge waste of hummocky earth, like a derelict building-lot. After a month or two no one can even be certain where his own relatives are buried. 1.一具尸体抬过，成群的苍蝇从饭馆的餐桌上嗡嗡而起追逐过去，但几分钟过后又飞了回来。 2.一支人数不多的送葬队伍——其中老少尽皆男性，没有一个女的——沿着集贸市场，从一堆堆石榴摊子以及出租汽车和骆驼中间挤道而行，边走边悲痛地重复着一支短促的哀歌。苍蝇之所以群起追逐是因为在这个地方死人的尸首从不装进棺木，只是用一块破布裹着放在一个草草做成的木头架子上，有四个朋友抬着送葬。朋友们到了安葬场后，便在地上挖出一个一二英尺深的长方形坑，将尸首往坑里一倒。再扔一些像碎砖头一样的干土块。不立墓碑，不留姓名，什么识别标志都没有。坟场只不过是一片土丘林立的荒野，恰似一片已废弃不用的建筑场地。一两个月过后，就谁也说不准自己的亲人葬于何处了。 3 When you walk through a town like this -- two hundred thousand inhabitants of whom at least twenty thousand own literally (really;真实的)nothing except the rags they stand up in-- when you see how the people live, and still more how easily they die, it is always difficult to believe that you are walking among human beings. All colonial empires are in reality founded upon this fact. The people have brown faces--besides, there are so many of them! Are they really the same flesh （mankind人类）as your self? Do they even have names? Or are they merely a kind of undifferentiated（无差别的）brown stuff, about as individual as bees or coral insects? （三个疑问句）They rise out of the earth（出生贫寒，metaphor），they sweat and starve(alliteration;) for a few years, and then they sink back into the nameless mounds of the graveyard and nobody notices that they are gone. And even the graves themselves soon fade back into the soil. Sometimes, out for a walk as you break your way(threaded their way) through the prickly pear(刺梨), you notice that it is rather bumpy（not even）underfoot, and only a certain regularity in the bumps tells you that you are walking over skeletons.//part1:the coprse scene 3.当你穿行也这样的城镇——其居民20万中至少有2万是除开一身聊以蔽体的破衣烂衫之外完全一无所有——当你看到那些人是如何生活，又如何动辄死亡时，你永远难以相信自己是行走在人类之中。实际上，这是所有的殖民帝国赖以建立的基础。这里的人都有一张褐色的脸，而且，人数书如此之多！他们真的和你意义同属人类吗？难道他们也会有名有姓吗？也许他们只是像彼此之间难以区分的蜜蜂或珊瑚虫一样的东西。他们从泥土里长出来，受哭受累，忍饥挨饿过上几年，然后有被埋在那一个个无名的小坟丘里。谁也不会注意到他们的离去。就是那些小坟丘本身也过不了很久便会变成平地。有时当你外出散步，穿过仙人掌丛时，你会感觉到地上有些绊脚的东西，只是在经过多次以后，摸清了其一般规律时，你才会知道你脚下踩的是死人的骷髅。

2020高级口译攻略

2020高级口译攻略 高级口译分为两个部分——笔试和口试，且笔试通过才能参加口试。下面就和大家分享高级口译攻略，希望能够帮助到大家，来欣赏一下吧。 高级口译攻略 听力Listening 听力(一)：Spot Dictation和Note-taking and Gap filling 这两个大题都是考察速记能力的。要求填空的内容都是听力文稿中的原话，但难点在于朗读者语速较快。提高得分率最好的办法就是多听真题和模拟题。一遍过后若没有都能听出，则再次播放直到能完全填出所有内容。训练10篇以后，则只听一遍，模拟考试状态。 听力(二)：Listening Comprehension 1. 高级口译的听力短文多数考察细节题，所以在听的过程中一定要记笔记。 2. 由于听力的题目并未在卷子上呈现，所以我们可以从选项出发对问题有一个预判。

听力(三)：Passage Translation and SentenceTranslation 1. 边听*边把握*大意与主旨 2. 速记：记录数字，日期等，还有尽可能多的细节。最后争取把记下来的点统统用上，串联成一篇*。 3. 笔记：一定要整洁、有序、条理分明。否则*内容的先后次序会受到很大的影响。 4. 用词要简单直白 阅读Reading 阅读(一)选择 1. 高口的*相对较长，所以推荐的做题方法是先看题后去*找相关句子。 2. 针对不同题型的不同解法，这里就不赘述了。(具体要结合题目，可以参考《高级口译笔试备考精要》) 3. 高口的词汇远超六级。应试者最好能背完专四。若能背完专八，则更为稳妥。 阅读(二)问答题

1. 圈画。问答题的题目较为直白，但是需要回答的内容非常非常多，而且常常涉及好几段的内容，所以一定要在*中划出重点。 2.概括与总结。抄原句费时费力，而且会使答案缺少层次与逻辑。所以一定要对原文进行概括与整合。 翻译Translation 1. 熟练掌握《中高级口译口试词汇必备》上的内容 2. 在英译中的过程中若遇难词，先考虑通过上下文推测语境义，不行则跳过。 3. 在英译中的过程中需要调整语序。不要盲目求快，要通篇阅读，确定每句话的主语再进行翻译。 4. 在中译英的过程中，首先要确定每一句话的句型，由分句到主句。 5. 在中译英的过程中，求准确是最为重要的。若译者英语水平有限，可采取逐字翻译的策略。若有能力的同学，则可以根据每句话的主语，适当变动句型，运用从句、非谓语等复杂语法。 6. 翻译完毕之后，要检查语法以及拼写。 参考书目Books For Reference

(完整版)高级英语2第三版_张汉熙_课文翻译

Unit 1 Pub Talk and the King’s English 人类的一切活动中，只有闲谈最宜于增进友谊，而且是人类特有的一种活动。动物之间的信息交流，不论其方式何等复杂，也是称不上交谈的。 闲谈的引人人胜之处就在于它没有一个事先定好的话题。它时而迂回流淌，时而奔腾起伏，时而火花四射，时而热情洋溢，话题最终会扯到什么地方去谁也拿不准。要是有人觉得“有些话要说”，那定会大煞风景，使闲聊无趣。闲聊不是为了进行争论。闲聊中常常会有争论，不过其目的并不是为了说服对方。闲聊之中是不存在什么输赢胜负的。事实上，真正善于闲聊的人往往是随时准备让步的。也许他们偶然间会觉得该把自己最得意的奇闻轶事选出一件插进来讲一讲，但一转眼大家已谈到别处去了，插话的机会随之而失，他们也就听之任之。 或许是由于我从小混迹于英国小酒馆的缘故吧，我觉得酒瞎里的闲聊别有韵味。酒馆里的朋友对别人的生活毫无了解，他们只是临时凑到一起来的，彼此并无深交。他们之中也许有人面临婚因破裂，或恋爱失败，或碰到别的什么不顺心的事儿，但别人根本不管这些。他们就像大仲马笔下的三个火枪手一样，虽然日夕相处，却从不过问彼此的私事，也不去揣摸别人内心的秘密。 有一天晚上的情形正是这样。人们正漫无边际地东扯西拉，从最普通的凡人俗事谈到有关木星的科学趣闻。谈了半天也没有一个中心话题，事实上也不需要有一个中心话题。可突然间大伙儿的话题都集中到了一处，中心话题奇迹般地出现了。我记不起她那句话是在什么情况下说出来的——她显然不是预先想好把那句话带到酒馆里来说的，那也不是什么非说不可的要紧话——我只知道她那句话是随着大伙儿的话题十分自然地脱口而出的。 “几天前，我听到一个人说‘标准英语’这个词语是带贬义的批评用语，指的是人们应该尽量避免使用的英语。” 此语一出，谈话立即热烈起来。有人赞成，也有人怒斥，还有人则不以为然。最后，当然少不了要像处理所有这种场合下的意见分歧一样，由大家说定次日一早去查证一下。于是，问题便解决了。不过，酒馆闲聊并不需要解决什么问题，大伙儿仍旧可以糊里糊涂地继续闲扯下去。 告诉她“标准英语”应作那种解释的原来是个澳大利亚人。得悉此情，有些人便说起刻薄话来了，说什么囚犯的子孙这样说倒也不足为怪。这样，在五分钟内，大家便像到澳大利亚游览了一趟。在那样的社会里，“标准英语”自然是不受欢迎的。每当上流社会想给“规范英语”制订一些条条框框时，总会遭到下层人民的抵制。 看看撒克逊农民与征服他们的诺曼底统治者之间的语言隔阂吧。于是话题又从19世纪的澳大利亚囚犯转到12世纪的英国农民。谁对谁错，并没有关系。闲聊依旧热火朝天。 有人举出了一个人所共知，但仍值得提出来发人深思的例子。我们谈到饭桌上的肉食时用法语词，而谈到提供这些肉食的牲畜时则用盎格鲁一撒克逊词。猪圈里的活猪叫pig，饭桌上吃的猪肉便成了pork(来自法语pore)；地里放牧着的牛叫cattle，席上吃的牛肉则叫beef(来自法语boeuf)；Chicken用作肉食时变成poultry(来自法语poulet)；calf加工成肉则变成veal(来自法语vcau)。即便我们的菜单没有为了装洋耍派头而写成法语，我们所用的英语仍然是诺曼底式的英语。这一切向我们昭示了诺曼底人征服之后英国文化上所存在的深刻的阶级裂痕。 撒克逊农民种地养畜，自己出产的肉自己却吃不起，全都送上了诺曼底人的餐桌。农民们只能吃到在地里乱窜的兔子。兔子肉因为便宜，诺曼底贵族自然不屑去吃它。因此，活兔子和吃的兔子肉共用rabbit 这个词表示，而没有换成由法语lapin转化而来的某个词。 当我们今天听着有关双语教育问题的争论时，我们应该设身处地替当时的撒克逊农民想一想，新的统治阶级把法语用来对抗撒克逊农民自己的语言，从而在农民周围筑起一道文化障碍。当英国人在像觉醒者赫里沃德这样的撒克逊领袖领导下起来造反时，他们一定深深地感受到了文化上的屈辱。“标准英语”——如果那时候有这个名词的话——已经变成法语。而九百年后我们在美国这儿仍然继承了这种影响。 那晚闲聊过后，第二天一早便有人去查阅了资料。这个名词在16世纪已有人使用过。纳什作于1593年的《截获信函奇闻》中就有过“标准英语”(Queen’s English)的提法。1602年德克写到某人时有句话说：

高级英语1 第二课课文翻译

第二课 广岛——日本“最有活力”的城市 (节选) 雅各?丹瓦“广岛到了!大家请下车!”当世界上最快的高速列车减速驶进广岛车站并渐渐停稳时，那位身着日本火车站站长制服的男人口中喊出的一定是这样的话。我其实并没有听懂他在说些什么，一是因为他是用日语喊的，其次，则是因为我当时心情沉重，喉咙哽噎，忧思万缕，几乎顾不上去管那日本铁路官员说些什么。踏上这块土地，呼吸着广岛的空气，对我来说这行动本身已是一个令人激动的经历，其意义远远超过我以往所进行的任何一次旅行或采访活动。难道我不就是在犯罪现场吗? 这儿的日本人看来倒没有我这样的忧伤情绪。从车站外的人行道上看去，这儿的一切似乎都与日本其他城市没什么两样。身着和服的小姑娘和上了年纪的太太与西装打扮的少年和妇女摩肩接踵；神情严肃的男人们对周围的人群似乎视而不见，只顾着相互交淡，并不停地点头弯腰，互致问候：“多么阿里伽多戈扎伊马嘶。”还有人在使用杂货铺和烟草店门前挂着的小巧的红色电话通话。 “嗨!嗨!”出租汽车司机一看见旅客，就砰地打开车门，这样打着招呼。“嗨”，或者某个发音近似“嗨”的什么词，意思是“对”或“是”。“能送我到市政厅吗?”司机对着后视镜冲我一笑，又连声“嗨!”“嗨!”出租车穿过广岛市区狭窄的街巷全速奔驰，我们的身子随着司机手中方向盘的一次次急转而前俯后仰，东倒西歪。与此同时，这

座曾惨遭劫难的城市的高楼大厦则一座座地从我们身边飞掠而过。 正当我开始觉得路程太长时，汽车嘎地一声停了下来，司机下车去向警察问路。就像东京的情形一样，广岛的出租车司机对他们所在的城市往往不太熟悉，但因为怕在外国人面前丢脸，却又从不肯承认这一点。无论乘客指定的目的地在哪里，他们都毫不犹豫地应承下来，根本不考虑自己要花多长时间才能找到目的地。 这段小插曲后来终于结束了，我也就不知不觉地突然来到了宏伟的市政厅大楼前。当我出示了市长应我的采访要求而发送的请柬后，市政厅接待人员向我深深地鞠了一躬，然后声调悠扬地长叹了一口气。 “不是这儿，先生，”他用英语说道。“市长邀请您今天晚上同其他外宾一起在水上餐厅赴宴。您看，就是这儿。”他边说边为我在请柬背面勾划出了一张简略的示意图。 幸亏有了他画的图，我才找到一辆出租车把我直接送到了运河堤岸，那儿停泊着一艘顶篷颇像一般日本房屋屋顶的大游艇。由于地价过于昂贵，日本人便把传统日本式房屋建到了船上。漂浮在水面上的旧式日本小屋夹在一座座灰黄色摩天大楼之间，这一引人注目的景观正象征着和服与超短裙之间持续不断的斗争。 在水上餐厅的门口，一位身着和服、面色如玉、风姿绰约的迎宾女郎告诉我要脱鞋进屋。于是我便脱下鞋子，走进这座水上小屋里的一个低矮的房间，蹑手蹑脚地踏在柔软的榻榻米地席上，因想到要这样穿着袜子去见广岛市长而感到十分困窘不安。

高级英语张汉熙笔记

Unit One The Middle Eastern Bazaar Lead-in Textual Structure of the Text Detailed Study of the Text Rhetorical Devices The Middle East Generally referring to the area from Afghanistan to Egypt, including the Arabian Peninsula, Cyprus, and Asiatic Turkey. The Middle East is a loosely defined geographic region; the countries listed are generally considered part of the Middle East. These Middle East countries are part of the Asian continent, with the exception of Egypt, which is part of Africa, and the northwestern part of Turkey, which is part of the European landmass. Rich in oil, linking point of three continents. Nearby five seas: Black Sea, Mediterranean Sea, Red Sea, Arabian Sea, Caspian Sea (里海) Bazaar Bazaar: A market consisting of a street lined with shops and stalls, especially one in the Middle East. ---handicraft economy, contrast to the modern society Three famous bazaars in the Middle East: The Khan Khalili Bazaar in Cairo, Egypt 埃及开罗汗·哈利利集市 The Grand Bazaar in Istanbul, Turkey 土耳其伊斯坦布尔大市集 The Damascus Bazaar in Syria 叙利亚大马士革集市 China’s most busiest markets: Xiushui Street and Da Zha Lan in Beijing 北京大栅栏和秀水街 References “The history of Middle East” (Mesopotamia Civilization, Civilization of Ancient Egypt, Middle East Wars) “The Bible—Old Testament” (the first half of the Christian Bible) “Talmud”塔尔穆德(犹太法典) (the basis of religious authority in Orthodox Judaism) 犹太法典中的几句箴言 有四种人，一种人说：“我的是我的，你的是你的。”这是平凡人；一种人说：“我的是你的，你的是我的。”这是庸俗人；一种人说：“你的我的全是我的。”这是邪恶人；一种人说：“我的你的全是你的。”这是敬虔人。 上帝不以男人的头创造女人，因为女人不可支配男人；但也不以男人的脚创造女人，因为女人不可成为男人的奴隶；而以男人的肋骨创造女人，因为要她永远贴近他的心。 20岁不潇洒，30岁不成业，40岁不富有，50岁不幸福，那一辈子就完了。 Section I (Para 1) 3. You pass from the heat and glare of a big, open square into a cool, dark cavern which extends as far as the eye can see, losing itself in the shadowy distance.