初中英语语法讲座专题辅导

初中英语语法讲座

1.主谓一致

1.1并列结构作主语时谓语用复数

例如：Reading and writing are very important. 读和写都是非常重要的。

[注意]：当主语由and连接时，如果它表示一个单一的概念，即指同一人或同一物时，谓语动词用单数，and 此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词。

例如：The iron and steel industry is very important to our life.钢铁工业对于我们的生活来说是非常重要的。

1.2主谓一致中的靠近原则

1）当there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时，谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。

例如：There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk..桌上有笔、小刀和几本书。

2）当either… or… 与neither… nor，连接两个主语时，谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一致。

例如：Either you or she is to go.要么是你走，要么是她走。

Neither I nor he is to blame.我和他都不应该受责备。

1.3谓语动词与前面的主语一致

当主语后面跟有with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as 等词引起的短语时，谓语动词与最前面的主语一致。

例如：The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory.老师和一些学生在参观工厂。

He as well as I wants to go boating.他和我都想去划船。

1.4谓语需用单数的情况

1）代词each和由every, some, no, any等构成的复合代词作主语，或主语中含有each, every, 谓语需用单数。

例如：Each of us has a tape-recorder.我们每个人都有一台录音机。

There is something wrong with my watch.我的表出问题了。

2）当主语是一本书或一条格言时，谓语动词常用单数。

例如：The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English.<<天方夜谭>>是英语爱好者熟悉的一本好书。

3）表示金钱，时间，价格或度量衡的复合名词作主语时，通常把这些名词看作一个整体，谓语一般用单数。

例如：Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations.允许用三周的时间做必要的准备工作。

Ten yuan is enough.十元钱足够了。

1.5指代意义决定谓语的单复数

1）集体名词作主语时，谓语的数要根据主语的意思来决定。如family, audience, crew, crowd, class, company, committee等词后用复数形式时，意为这个集体中的各

个成员，用单数时表示该集体。

例如：His family isn't very large.他家不是一个大家庭。

His family are music lovers.他的家人都是音乐爱好者。

但集合名词people, police, cattle, poultry等在任何情况下都用复数形式。

例如：Are there any police around?周围有警察吗？

2）有些名词，如variety, number, population, proportion, majority 等有时看作单数，有时看作复数。

例如：A number of +名词复数+复数动词

The number of +名词复数+单数动词

例如：A number of books have lent out.不少书都被借出去了。

The majority of the students like English.大多数学生喜欢学英语。

1.6 与后接名词或代词保持一致

1）用half of, part of, most of, a portion of 等词引起主语时，动词通常与of 后面的名词，代词保持一致。

例如：Most of his money is spent on books.他的钱大多用来买书了。

Most of the students are taking an active part in sports.大部分学生都能积极参加体育活动。

2）在一些短语，如many a 或more than one 所修饰的词作主语时，谓语动词多用单数形式。但由more than… of 作主语时，动词应与其后的名词或代词保持一致。

例如：Many a person has read the novel.许多人都读过这本书。

More than 60 percent of the students are from the city.百分之六十多的学生都来自这个城市。

2.名词和代词一致

2.1代词与其代替或修饰的名词在人称和性别上必须保持一致。

例如：(错误) Those of us who are over fifty years old should get their blood pressure checked regularly.

(正确) Those of us who are over fifty years old should get our blood pressure checked regularly.

我们中五十岁以上的人应该定期地检查血压。 3.同等成分一致

3.1句子中的同等成分应该在结构上保持一致，否则会失去平衡和协调。

例如：（错误）She is not only famous in China but also abroad.

（正确）She is famous not only in China but also abroad.

她不仅在中国，在国际上也很有名气。

3.2在比较结构中，被比较的事物应是同等成分。

例如：（错误）The workers in that factory are fewer than our factory.

（正确）The workers in that factory are fewer than those in our factory.

那个工厂的工人比我们厂的工人少。

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