综合教程3课后练习翻译

第一单元

一、

1、They bound捆绑 his hands and legs with a rope so he could’t escape.

他们有一根绳子把他的手、脚捆了起来，这样他就逃不了了。

2、His bright clothes were hardly appropriate适合的 for such a solemn occasion. 他的衣着颜色鲜艳，不太适合这样一个庄严的时刻。

3、He’s been charged with possessing占有 guns and attempting to attack the police. 他被控持有枪支，并意图袭警。

4、Is this your permanent永久的 address,or are you only staying there for a short time?

这是你的固定地址？还是你只在那儿暂住一段时间。

5、Ten minutes before the appointed 约定time,he sat nervously outside her office. 离约定时间还有十分钟，他就紧张地坐在她办公室外了。

6、We parted分开three years ago and haven’t met each other ever since.How I miss her!

我们三年前分开后就再也没见过面。我多想她啊！

7、Janet and Bob had corresponded通信with each other for many years before they finally met in Paris.

珍妮和鲍勃通信多年后，最终在巴黎见面了。

8、Tina gazed盯着steadily at the famous singer,unable to believe she was so close to him.

蒂娜目不转睛地注视着那位著名的歌手，不敢相信自己离他这么近。

9、The notion概念that women should serve as homemakers has alresdy gone out of fashion. 认为妇女应该在家里操持家务的观念已经过时了。

10. My grandfather still has keen敏锐的eyesight-he is able to read road signs in the distance.

我祖父的视力还是很好-----他能看清远处的路牌。

11.They try to preserve保护their interesting old customs against the impacts of the modern world!他们力图保护一些有趣的古老风俗，使之免受现代社会的冲击。

12.The old man grasped握住my hand warmly and shook it,saying, “Congratulations.You’ve won.’’老人热情地握住我的手，说道，‘‘祝贺你，你获胜了。’’

13.When I saw what a poor driver he was,I figured认为he was probably not the best instructor for me.

当我看见他开车有多差劲后，我想他大概不能当我的最佳教练。

14.The lawyer’s arguments are well grounded根据because he has collected enough proof concerning the case.

律师的论证充分，因为关于这起案件他已搜集了足够的证据。

15.It is very sensible明智的 to bring your umbrella to Kunming at this tine of the year-it rains so frequently here.

在这个时间带伞到昆明是很明智的做法----这里经常下雨的。

16.Her greatest attribute特征is her kindness which has earned her lots of friends in the neighbourhood.

她最大的特点就是好心，这为她这一带赢得了很多朋友。

17.The two countries are united统一by common interests;so I think their relationship is likely to remain stable in the coming years.

这两个国家由共同的利益联结在一起；因此我认为它们的关系在今后的日子里会保持稳定的。

18.My cousin is leaving the company to pursue寻找his own fortune even though he has

a light workload and is on a very good salsry now.

虽然我表兄目前工作负担不重、薪水很高，但他还是要离开公司去寻找发财的机会。

19.The President failed in his attempts to win the second term because he hadn’t fulfilled his commitments完成实现承诺made in the previous election.

总统没有履行选举时的承诺，所以竞选连任时败选了。

20.Even though there are strict rules regulating控制the use of chemicals in food,some food producers disregard them intentionally in order to gain more profits.

虽然有严格的条例限制食物中化学剂的使用，但还是有一些食品制造商为了谋取更多的利润，有意对其视而不见。

二、

1. People who cannot ___ distinguish between_______ colours are said to be colour-blind.

不能辨别颜色的人可说成是色盲。

2. Thoroughly, the vet (兽医) __ checked up on________ our horses and pronounced them fit to race.

彻底,兽医检查我们的马匹和明显的他们有良好的状态去比赛。

3. My fence was ____ torn down _____ in the storm, so I need to put up a new one. 我的篱笆在暴风雨中被拆除了,所以我需要把另一个新的。

4. You can ____ make a fortune ______ out of these useless vases if you call them "antiques (古董)".

你能大赚一笔了这些无用的花瓶,如果你把它们称为“古董”。

5. There was silence for a few seconds; then ____ all of a sudden _____, the child let out a loud scream.

沉默了几秒钟,然后突然发出一声尖叫的孩子。

6. I___ lost track of ___ what he was saying after the first couple of sentences —it was too complicated.

沉默了几秒钟,然后忽然之间我忘记了他所说的第一对夫妇的句子后——这是太复杂。这孩子发出一声尖叫。

7. ____ Casting an eye over ______the audience, he noticed that about one third of the seats were still vacant.

在观众的铸造一只眼睛,他注意到,约三分之一的座位还空着的。

8. Their relationship ____ broke up ______ when the girl learned that the boy was not to be trusted.

当他们的关系破裂的女儿学那男孩不可信任的。

9. I don't understand why Susan, a kind-hearted girl, should___ take pleasure in_______ my sufferings.

我不明白为什么苏珊,一位好心的女孩,应该喜悦我的苦难。

10. The treatment has been__ described as _______a painless way of curing cancer, which is untrue.

治疗被认为是一种无痛苦方式治愈的癌症,这是不真实的。

11. The organizers had expected about 500 people to come, but over 1000_____ turned up _____ in the end.

组织者预计约有500人来,但有超过1000名出现在最后。

12. She is a Swiss ____ in so far as______ she was born in Switzerland, but she became an American citizen in 1978.

她是一位瑞士,只要是她出生在瑞士,但她成为了一名美国公民在1978年。

13. The 16-year-old boy, who stabbed another boy in a cyber lounge (网吧), __is under arrest and awaiting trial.

这位16岁的男孩,他刺伤另一个男孩在一个网络酒廊,被逮捕和等待审讯。

14. "Since we have reached agreement about the first item, let us _pass on __ to the next item on the agenda," said the chairman.

“现在我们达成协议关于第一个项目,让我们转到下一项议程,说:”主席。

15.She gets lost easily while driving; so now whenever she is uncertain __as

to__which road to take, she will telephone her husband.

她开车的时候,很容易迷失了航向,所以现在每当她是确定该走哪一条路去,她会打电话给她的丈夫。

三、翻译句子：

1. 以共同兴趣为基础的友谊是不容易破裂的。

The friendship grounded on common interest does not break up easily.

2. 孩子们必须学会将电脑游戏中的暴力与勇敢区分开来。

Children must learn to distinguish between violence and bravery in computer games.

3. 当今世界每天涌现如此多新鲜事物，要求一个人什么都知晓是不合情理的。

There spring up so many new things every day in the world that it is no longer sensible to expect a person to know.

4. 诸如背弃朋友这类事并不受法律制约，所以才有了我们称作的“道德法庭”。

Laws do not regulate such things as betrayal to friends; that is why there is what we call "the court of morality".

5. 有人把今天的文化描述为“快餐文化”。无论做什么事，人们只是追求用最短时间达到最大的满足。

Today’s culture is described as “fast-food culture”. Whatever they may be doing, people just pursue the greatest satisfaction within the shortest time.

6. 常言说，天下没有免费的午餐。如果你想要什么，就得去挣。

As the saying goes there is no such thing as a free lunch. If you want something, go and earn / work for it.

四、段落翻译：

大家普遍承认人是社会性的动物，生活在同一社会的我们自然指望有朋友。至于什么是友谊，人们有各自不同的理解。有些人交朋友是为了彼此有用，一旦失去这个基础，这种友谊也就中止了。但更多的人渴望“心灵之友(soul?pals)”，即那种拥有高尚情操，能共度磨难的朋友。这样的友谊使我们远离贪欲、暴力，鼓励我们敢于按照自己的信念说话和做事。这样的友谊才是我们说的“真挚和完美的友谊”。

As is commonly acknowledged / It is commonly recognised that humans are social animals. Bonded together in a community, we naturally expect to have friends. As to what friendship is, people have different notions / ideas. Some make friends for mutual utility. Once the ground for such friendship disappears, the friendship also breaks up. However, a lot more people long for "soul pals"— those who possess virtues and with whom we can go through trials and tribulations together. Such friendships keep us away from greed and violence and encourage us to have the courage of our convictions. Such is what we call "true and perfect friendship".

第二单元

一、

1. I don’t like my straight hair so I’m going to have it ____curled______

我不喜欢我的直发,所以我打算把它卷曲

2. This price is her ____minimum______; she refuses to lower it any further.

这个价格是她的最低限度;她拒绝再有任何进一步的降价。

3. I often ___clip_______ recipes out of newspapers and magazines but never use them when I cook.

我经常修剪食谱从报纸和杂志上,但是从不使用当我的厨师。

4. She_____yielded_____ to temptation and had another chocolate even though she was going on a diet.

她禁不住诱惑,又吃了一块巧克力尽管她节食。

5. _____Given_____the fact that she loves children, I am sure teaching is the right career for her.

考虑到她喜欢孩子,我可以肯定教书是最适合她的职业。

6. I handed in my application for the job last week and I am now eagerly ____awaiting______ their reply.

我交的的求职申请,上周我现在急切地等待他们的答复。

7. Philip was____fascinated______ to see how the old woman wove (编织) cloth with such simple tools.

菲利普深深著迷,看看这位老妇人编织布料编织()这样的简单工具。

8. Among all his relatives, he has an especially deep ____affection______ for his aunt who cares for him most.

在他所有的亲戚,他有他的姑妈特别是深厚感情为谁在乎他最多。

9. Teaching is not a one-way activity; teachers and students should _____interact_____ with each other in class.

教学并非单向的活动,教师和学生应该互相作用的教室里上课。

10. After his wife died, he remarried with much ____haste_____, which caused a lot of gossip (闲话) among his acquaintances.

他的妻子过世之后,他再婚有非常大的加速,造成了很多流言蜚语(闲话)在他的熟人。

11. The race will be held soon. You must ____harden______ your heart and do not encourage your daughter to give up the tough training.

比赛在不久之后就要举行。你必须硬着心,不鼓励你的女儿要放弃这个艰苦的训练。

12. Without your love and support, he would have been weighed down (颓丧) with ____grief______after his daughter died of a car crash.

没有了你的爱与支持,他会被压弯了悲痛的颓丧)(他的女儿死后的一场车祸中。

13. I have never seen a house like that — its untidiness ____defies______description;

I think she ought to learn how to keep a house.

我从来没有见过一个那样的房子——它邋一概描述;我想她应该学习如何让一所房子。

14. These pictures may not look nice at first ____glance______, but on closer examination you’ll find they’re not bad at all.

这些照片可能不好看乍看之下,但仔细查看你会发现他们都还不错。

15. These days more and more pregnant (怀孕的) women want the ___presence_______of their husbands at the birth of their children.

现在越来越多的怀孕妇女想要(怀孕的)存在的情况下,她们的丈夫的出生的孩子。

16. I strongly advise you not to take this medicine because it’ll just make you feel better for a short while but the effect isn’t ____lasting______.

我强烈建议你不要吃这种药,因为它只会让你感觉更好,有一段时间但是效果不是持久的

17.We can communicate with others _____via_____ such means as the telephone and e-mail; but the most direct way, I think, is a face-to-face talk.

我们可以通过这样的方式与别人交流的电话和电子邮件,但最直接的方式,我认为,是面对面的交谈。

18. It is quite possible for a student to master English grammar and _____acquire_____a large vocabulary without the help of a teacher.

很可能,给一个学生掌握英语语法和获得大量词汇没有老师的帮助。

19. She watched him _____manipulate______ all the handles and gears [（汽车上的）排挡] in his automobile until she thought she could run it herself.

她看了看他操纵手柄,所有齿轮[(汽车上的)]在他的汽车排挡直到她认为她能够运行它自己。

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/f517756559.html,ck of money and lack of machinery are the two major_____restraints_____ on the

growth of this factory; that’s why it remains the same as it was ten years ago. 贫穷和缺少机械两个主要采取限制发展的工厂,这就是为什么它仍是一样的,因为它是十年前。二、

1. Don't _____ let _____the little boy ____ loose on _____ the garden; he'll pull up all the flowers.

不要让那个小男孩倒在花园里,他会把花都拔掉的。

2. The refrigerator I bought last week is too large to ______ fit into ____our new kitchen.

我上周买的冰箱太大,无法融入我们的新厨房。

3. When the flood broke out, the little girl clung to a tree and managed to _____ hold on _____

当洪水爆发的时候,小女孩抱在树上,设法坚持

4. Her parents are divorced and her brother is in prison — it is a sad _____ state of affairs _____, indeed.

她的父母离婚,她的哥哥是在监狱里——这是一个很不好的事情,的确很好。

5. It is said that in no country other than Britain can one experience four seasons _____ in the course of _____ a single day.

据说,除了英国没有任何国家能感受到四季仅仅一天中。

6. The moment my father came in I could see from his worried face that his effort to find a job had been _____ in vain _____once again.

那一刻我父亲进来时我就可以看出来他闷闷不乐的脸,他的努力找到一份工作已经是白费心机

再来一次。

7. Do you think it wise for a person to ____ build _____ his hopes ___ on ______ the economic strength of his country? Or should he base them on his own efforts?

你认为是比较明智的人建立自己的希望寄托在经济实力的自己的国家吗?或者他应该基于在自己的努力吗?

8. He's disorganized; he's inefficient; he's never been there when you want him. ____ In short ______, he is hopeless.

他是混乱无序的,他是一个低效率的;他从未去过。当你想要他。总之,他是无药可救。

9. Since I've lived in the north for two years, I think I _____ grow used to _____the extreme cold in winter.

自从我住在北方两年了,我想我也变得习惯极度的寒冷在冬天。

10. Whenever children behave badly, people always _____ blame _____ it ____on______their teachers — it's really unfair.

每当孩子表现不好的时候,人们总是抱怨他们的老师——它确实是不公平的。

11. Seeing his neighbour's house on fire, he quickly ___ reached for _______the phone and dialled.

看到他的邻居的房子着了火,他急忙伸手去拿电话,并正在拨打。

12. You can't always insist on your own way — there has to be some_ give and take. 你不能总是坚持自己的路,就需要有一些给予与索取的真谛.

三、句子翻译：

无论是友情还是爱情，你都不可能期待自己付出最少而得到最多。

In either friendship or love, you should never expect to take the maximum while you give the minimum .

我把全部希望寄托在他的承诺上，结果却发现他根本不是个真诚的人。

I built all my hopes on his promise(s), only to find that he was not a man of sincerity at all.

3我们带母亲去了所有我们能找到的最好的医院，但一切努力都是徒劳的，母亲还是没能熬过那次疾病。

We took Mother to all the best hospitals we could find, but all our efforts were in vain ; she failed to survive the disease.

4;情人节是个一年一度在2月14日庆祝的节日，一个向自己心仪的对象表达爱意的好日子。Valentine’s Day is an annual holiday celebrated on February 14, a perfect day to express love to the object of your affection

5. 在信息时代，通过电子邮件方式跟远方的朋友交流几乎可以是同步的

In the information era, communications with far-away friends via e-mail can be almost simultaneous.

爱情需要时间，因为只有慢慢习惯和学会欣赏对方才会产生出爱情。

Love takes time, for it is not forged until you have grown used to the other’s company and learned to appreciate the other.

四、段落翻译：

晚饭后，我们大家围坐在壁炉（hearth）旁。苏珊姨妈还沉浸在失去罗伯特姨父的悲伤之中。她轻声讲起了他俩从前的岁月。订婚不久，姨父就去参军了。考虑到当时的严峻形势，许多军人无法生还，你就可以想象当姨父从欧洲战场平安返回时姨妈甭提有多开心了。之后，他们结婚成家，抚育了五个孩子。这么多年来，在共同克服生活的艰辛磨难的过程当中，夫妻间的感情越来越深。我被姨妈的故事深深迷住了，这完全不同于我理想中的爱情。在日常生活中，他们并不追求激情浪漫，而是实践着“付出”和“分享”。令人感慨的是，这样的爱延续了一辈子。

(2)

After dinner, we all sat around the hearth. Aunt Susan was still in the grief of losing Uncle Robert. In her soft voice she told us about their past years. Uncle Robert joined the army shortly after they were engaged. Given the critical situation at the time when lots of army men didn’t return alive, you can imagine how much overjoyed Aunt Susan was to see Uncle Robert come back safe and sound from the European battlefield. Then they got married and brought up five children. For all those years, their affection for each other grew stronger in the course of overcoming difficulties and hardships in life. I was fascinated by Aunt Susan’s story, which was totally different from my ideal of love. They practiced giving and sharing in their daily life instead of pursuing passion and romance. Amazingly, such love lasted through their whole life.

第四单元

三、句子翻译：

1.他们带着生病的父亲远赴北京，希望能治好他的心脏病。

They took their sick father on a long journey to Beijing in the hope of finding a cure for his heart disease.

2.普及艾滋病知识的活动需要继续开展，这个阶段的重点放在这种病的传播途径。

The campaign of Knowing More About AIDS needs to be carried on, and for this stage the emphasis is put on the way the disease is contracted.

3.权力如果运用得当则百姓安居乐业，运用不当则殃及百姓日常生计。

If power is properly applied，the lives of the common people will be rendered happy. If not, their daily life will be placed under threat.

4.政府使用核武器来防御恐怖袭击算是正当行为么？

Could a government justifiably use nuclear weapons to guard against terrorist attacks？

5.由于缺乏对这种病的了解，许多人依然认为HIV受害者都是自作自受。

Owing to ignorance of the disease，many people still believe that HIV victims deserve

what they suffer.

6.新发布的关于改善农村医疗系统的报告让我们相信农村地区缺医少药的时代终将结束。

The newly issued report on improving the medical system in rural areas leads us to

believe that the era is to be an end when such areas are always short of doctors and

medicines

四、段落翻译：

退休终止了一个人的职业生涯。人们突然发现再也不能继续自己已经干了几十年的工作。有些老人很难适应这个变化，陷于忧郁之中，认为自己没用了。的确，忧郁已经成为威胁老年人健康的一个主要因素。不过，在中国许多老人仍然通过为成年儿女服务，如照看孙辈，补贴零用钱等感到自己仍然有用。但问题是老人们是否还应该尝试用其他方式来丰富他们的空闲时间以获得一个更有意义的晚年生活？我建议老人们少操心儿女的生活，给儿女足够的空间让他们负责自己的生活。毕竟老人们为社会和家庭贡献了这么多年，他们应该受到年轻人多方面的尊重，年轻人对年长的父母要更宽容些。

Retirement brings people’s career to an end. They find, all of a sudden, that they can no more / longer carry on the job they have done for dozens of years. Some old people cannot adapt themselves to such a change and thus become depressed, believing that they are no longer useful. Indeed, depression has become one of the leading threats to old people’s health. Nonetheless, many old people in China are able to maintain their sense of usefulness by rendering their grown-up children services, such as taking care of their grandchildren and providing allowances to them. The question remains as to whether senior citizens should try other means to fill up their leisure, rendering their later years still more meaningful. I suggest the old concern themselves less with their children and make room for young people to take responsibility for their own lives. After all, the old deserve respect from the young and the young should tolerate their aged parents more, on the grounds that the old have contributed so much for so many years both to their family and to society.

第五单元

三、句子翻译：

1.培养正确的感情是极其必要的，因为它可以为一个人将来学习和工作的成功奠定基础。

Cultivating the right emotions is indispensable in that it lays the foundations for

the success of one’s future work and studies.

2.中国西部发展急需人才，政府为此制定了优惠政策，号召更多大学毕业生去西部工作。

West China is crying out for talented people for its development .To this end，the

government has laid down favorable policies，calling for more college graduates to

go and work there.

3.你怎么可以在我这样艰难的时候对我置之不理呢？我们患难与共差不多半个世纪了。

How can you turn your back on me when I am in such difficulty? We have gone through trials and tribulations for practically half a century.

4.网虫们很多时间都泡在网上，以至于他们无法分辨虚拟世界与现实世界。

Web addicts spend so much time on the Internet that they are unable to draw a distinction between the virtual world and the real world.

5.生活在城市的人常常会有这样的幻想：乡村生活是闲适安逸的。其实不一定是这回事儿。Urban residents often have the illusion that rural life is always leisurely and comfortable. In fact, that may not be the case.

6.远程学习是个全球化的趋势。随着它的迅速发展，人们无论身处何地都能有同样方便的途径享受教育资源。

Distance learning is a global trend. With its quick growth，people are given an equally convenient access to educational resources，no matter where they are.

四、段落翻译

科技进步带来了整个世界教育理念的变化，它不仅成了“网络大学”这样的性的教育形式，而且也使“终生教育”具有可操作性。另外，今天的人们似乎更青睐实用性知识。但是，无论怎么变化，教育必须始终奉守自己的传统角色：启迪学生的思想。面对本世纪初咸的新问题，我们依然期望教育能着重培养学生批判性的思维能力和工作上的协作能力，而且我们希望教育承担起弘扬传统美德的重担，引导人们摒弃贪婪、淫欲和暴力等负面的欲望。

Scientific development has brought about globle changes in educational thought. It not only generate such a new form of education as “wirtual universities” but turns “lifelong learning”into a workable project. In addition, people today seem to be infavor of practical knowledge. But whatever changes there might have been, education must stick its classic role: to enlighten learners. Confronted with the new problems of this century, we still expect that education should put more emphasis on cultivating learners’competence to think critically and to work collaboratively/ with team spirit. Furthermore, we hope that education will take the responsibility of promoting traditional virtues by guiding learners to dispense with negative desire like geed, lust and violence.

第六单元

三、句子翻译：

1.我们中国人会再三地请客人多吃饭桌上的菜，以表明我们好客。

As a proof of our hospitality，we Chinese will repeatedly ask our guests to help themselves to the dishes on the table.

2.正是通过倾听人们的谈话和观察他们的举止，我们才加强了了解社会的能力。

It is by means of listening to what people say and observing how they behave that we’re strengthened our own capacity to understand society.

3.安全感常常来自对环境的熟悉，所以人们对于陌生的环境往往会抵制或避开。

One’s sense of safety comes from familiarity with the environment；so people have the tendency to resist or avoid new situations.

4.我们常常对某地区的人产生偏见甚至敌意，这是由于我们不熟悉他们。

We tend to show prejudice against or even hostility towards people from a certain region，which can be attributed to the fact that we are unfamiliar with then.

5.我觉得直接拒绝是一种礼貌，而我父母却很少说“不”，以免使对方为难。

I believe it is polite to decline directly，while my parents seldom say“No” so as not to embarrass others.

6.知识积累有两种方式：亲身体验和间接体验。能为我们打开不同文化世界的阅读属于间接体验。

There are two means to build up knowledge：to get it personally or by second-hand experience。Reading，which opens up a new world of different cultures for us, belongs to second-hand experience.

四、段落翻译：

一旦移居国外，人们会感到焦虑不安，甚至无法处理日常事务。这归咎于他们丧失了原来所熟悉的生活环境。那么我们怎样做才能改变多年形成的生活习惯和模式呢？首先，我们对不同于自己文化背景的人要宽容些。为了克服由于文化冲击而导致的挫折感，我们必须尽快适应新的环境，与工作伙伴和睦相处。此外，我们切忌把一个人等同于他所代表的民族，切忌因为讨厌这个人进而讨厌他的文化。其实提倡保护（preserve）本土文化并不是要抵制异国文化。

Once transplanted abroad, people will feel anxious and even lose the capacity to deal with daily routines. This problem is attributed to the disappearance of the surroundings we have been used to. Then, what should we do so as to change the life styles and patterns built up in us over so many years? First, we should be more tolerant towards people with cultural backgrounds different from ours. To get over frustrations caused by culture shock, we should try to adapt ourselves to the new environment and get along with our workmates harmoniously. Furthermore, we should never identify a person with the nationality he represents or proceed to hate the person’s culture only because we don’t like him. In fact, to preserve our national culture is not to resist foreign ones.

第八单元

三、句子翻译：

1.那些认为自己拥有更多特权的人往往会有优越感

Those who suppose they possess more privileges tend to have feelings of superiority 2.高关税和反倾销政策会消弱外国产品在本土市场的竞争力

High tariffs and an anti-dumping policy will undermine he competitive edge of the foreign products in the domestic market

3.如果各部门能协调好，大家为共同利益而努力，我们一定能成功

If all the departments can be well coordinated and all of us pull together for the common good, we are bound to succeed.

4.为了防止盗窃，学校已经制定规章制度，明确规定了大楼看管员的职责

To be on guard against theft, the school has issued regulations specifying the duties of the door keepers.

5.大家都称道良好的举止，因此良好的举止肯定会增强你和他人交朋友的机会

Good manners are always appreciated. It follows that good manners will enhance your chances of marking friends with other people

6.不要小看标点符号，有时候误用一个标点符号确实可以改变一句话的意思

Punctuation marks should not be taken lightly; sometimes the use of a wrong punctuation mark can literally change the meaning of a sentence.

四、段落翻译

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In the modern society, how does competition work in combination with cooperation? Firstly, scarcity leads to competition. Players of the same football team compete for slots on the team, and this team competes against other teams for victory. In a work place, colleagues compete for higher positions. And also in business, firms become rivals for more consumers and a bigger market share. But meanwhile competition is inseparable from cooperation. Players have to cooperate efficiently with one another to win the championships for their team. Colleagues have to cooperate to accomplish their shared task. Firms try their best to cooperate to lobby the agencies of business administration for the greatest privileges. All in all, individuals as well as teams are subjected to both competition and cooperation. The two together nourish the social development so that we can enjoy a more prosperous and harmonious world.

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