新编大学英语教案 Unit 2 Communication

Unit Two

Communication problems

Teaching Objectives

1. Let the students have some ideas of the common ways we usually use in our daily life to communicate.

2. Make the students find the efficient ways to communicate with each other.

3. Let the students come up with the ways to avoid misunderstandings.

Teaching allotment

six academic hours

Focus points

1.key words and phrases

assume, conflict, convey, emphasis, ignore, misinterpret, react, verge, feel like, for effect, on the verge of, pull out, take----lightly

2.difficult sentences

1) When Martians and Venusians first got together, they encountered many of the problems with relationships we have today.

2) So when communication problems emerged, they assumed it was just one of those expected misunderstandings and that with a little assistance they would surely understand each other.

3) To fully express their feelings, women would tend to exaggerate the facts a little bit for effect and use various superlatives, metaphors, and generalizations.3. grammar focus

mis---”的不同意义prefix “Related Information

It is well-known that learning a second language is never easy, and, generally speaking, the older one is when one attempts a new language, the more difficult it becomes. This is at least partly due to what is known as language interference, meaning that the linguistic patterns of our first language interfere with those of the second because no two languages have exactly the same sounds and grammatical structures. The English language has a very large vocabulary because it has incorporated words from many other languages over the centuries. This is nowhere more apparent than in its color words. For example, there are many words that express the color “purple”, describing its different shades and hues: mauve, violet, lilac, or lavender. An interesting linguistic gender difference among native speakers of English is the likelihood of women using these color terms to differentiate between shades of purple, whereas, men will

be satisfied with the one word “purple”. This is true of other color words too. Basing on what mentioned above, when learning a language, we sometimes need to pay attention to which sex uses which words, particularly when we reach an advanced stage where we are adding many new words to our vocabulary and want to use them accurately. We also need to pay attention to some of the multiple meanings that words have, as well as to their connotations.

Suggested Class Activities

1. Warming-up activity: How to communicate efficiently

Purpose: Inform the students the efficient way to communicate with each other

Step 1 Discuss in groups about the common ways we usually use in our daily life

to communicate and try to list both their advantages and disadvantages.

Step 2 Make a comparison between them and decide which is the most efficient

way for us to communicate with others.

Step 3 Ask some of the students to give their ideas in public and point out

the necessary points they should know in daily communication.

Suggested words/expressions:

admirable/neglect/comprehend/over-crowded/distinguish----from/hold

back/in a different light/turn out.

2. In-class reading activity: What can we get from communication

Purpose: Inform the students the good points of communication

Step 1. Discuss in groups why we need to communicate with others

Step 2. Try to analyze what communication has brought to us

Step 3. Then make sure what we should learn from communicating with others Suggested words/expressions:

foreigner/uncommon/feel like/for effect/on the verge of/pull out Further development:

How to avoid misunderstandings in communication

After reading this unit, we may know that in our communications misunderstandings are quite common, so work in groups to come up with the ways to avoid misunderstandings and make it on your exercise book.

In-Class Reading

Words and phrases

believe something is true without definite proof assume1.

. You assumed his innocence / him to be innocent /that hi is innocent before hearing the evidence against him.

He is not such a fool as you assumed him to be.

assuming that---：假定----

. Assuming that you are right about this, what shall we do

2) to take up or undertake

. You will assume your new responsibilities tomorrow.

assumption : n. sth. taken for granted ; sth. supposed but not proved

. Don't rely on the information she gave you---it's pure assumption on her part. on the assumption that----以---为设想根据

. Let's work on the assumption that our proposal will be accepted.

Exercise:

1) 他并非如你所以为的那样愚蠢。

(He is not such a fool as you assumed him to be.）

2) 他们认为战争会迅速结束的想法是错误的。

(Their assumption that the war would end quickly was proved wrong.)

2.conflict: 1)n. a) a state of disagreement or argument between people, groups, countries, etc.

. The two parties have been in conflict since the election.

The governor's refusal to apply the law brought him in conflict with

the federal government.

b) (a ) war or battle; struggle

. This is a serious dispute, and could lead to armed conflict.

2) v. ( with) to be in opposition; disagree

. conflicting opinions/ advice/ evidence

Do British immigration laws conflict with any international laws

be in conflict (with) : not agree (with)

Exercise:英译汉 ;汉译英

1) a long-drawn-out conflict between employers and workers (劳资之间拖延甚久的争执)

2) 他们对于战争起因的报道与我们的相反。

(Their account of the causes of the war conflicts with ours.)

3.emphasis: n. special importance placed on something

. a new economic policy, with a greater emphasis on reducing inflation

lay (place, put) emphasis on (upon)

. Our English course places/ lays/ puts great emphasis on conversational skills. emphasize v. to place emphasis on

. He thumbed the table with his hand to emphasize what he was saying.

emphatic adj. done or expressed with emphasis; forceful

Exercise:

有些学校特别重视语言的学习。1)

(Some schools lay special emphasis on language study.）

2 He emphasized the importance of careful driving.

(他强调小心驾驶的重要。）

4. encounter 1) v. a) experience sth., esp. problems or opposition

. The more dangers we encounter, the harder we should push forward.

b) meet, esp. unexpectedly; come upon

. Yesterday, I encountered an old friend on the street.

I first encountered him when studying at Cambridge.

2) n. a meeting, esp. one that is unplanned, unexpected, or brief

. She didn't remember our encounter last summer.

A bus ride from New York to Miami brings encounters with all kinds of

people.

encounter with: sudden or unexpected (esp. hostile) meeting

. I had frightening encounter with a poisonous snake.

Exercise:

这位年轻的科学家在探险中遇到了许多困难。

(The young scientists encountered many difficulties during their exploration.)

5. misinterpret: understand or explain wrongly

mis-:prefix 1) bad or badly

. misfortune (bad luck) /misbehave (behave badly)

2) wrong or wrongly

. misinterpret/ misunderstand/ mislead/ misguide

3)show an opposite or the lack of sth.

. mistrust

6. tend/ intend

tend v. to have a tendency or disposition to do or be sth.; be inclined

. The machine does tend to overheat.

She tends to be nervous before her lectures.

intend v. have in mind; plan

. Today, I intend to finish reading this book.

We intend this news report as teaching material for freshmen.

Exercise:

1) Farmers ____ use more machinery now. ( tend to; intend to) tend to

2) Children _____ like action movie. (tend to; intend to) tend to

7. react v. 1) respond (to. against)

. The government has reacted to the outbreak of violence by sending army patrol to police the area.

Children tend to react against their parents by going against their

wishes.

2) (cause to) undergo a reaction (with, on )

. An acid can react with a base to form a salt.

reaction n.

. action and reaction作用与反作用

What's your reaction to the news

Exercise:

1) It was difficult to guess what her _______ to the news would be.

A. feelings

B. comment

C. opinion

D. reaction (D )

2) 这个公司对于批评做出了反应，迅速提高了公司形象。

(The company reacted to criticism and improved its image shortly.）

Phrases and expressions:

1.feel like 1)feel as if

. They are very kind to me and that made me feel like one family.

2) give you a particular feeling

. The surface feels like silk.

3) want to have sth. or do sth.

. We'll go out for a walk if you feel like it.

2.for effect: for impressing people or drawing attention

. He said that completely for effect.

in effect : in fact; (of a rule, law, etc.) in operation

. The rule is still in effect.

Exercise:

1) Don't pay any attention to him---he's only doing it ____.( for effect; in effect) (for effect)

2)The old system of taxation will remain ___until next May.( for effect; in effect) ( in effect)

3.lead to: cause

. This led to great confusion.

Chapter One describes the events that led to the war.

Exercise:汉译英：这个丑闻使他不得不辞职。

(The scandal led to him resigning.）

4.on the verge of: very close to, on the border of, about to do sth.

. The country is on the verge of disaster.

Exercise: 汉译英：他父母快要离婚了。

( His parents are on the verge of divorce.)

5.pull out 1) take sth. out of a bag, pocket, or cupboard

. Sam had to pull out his so-called lost necklace at the last moment.

2) use force to take sth. from where it is fixed or held

. He had to have his decayed teeth pulled out.

3) drive onto a road from another road or from where one has stopped; ( of

a train )leave a station

. The driver pulled out from behind the lorry.

When we arrived at the railway station the train had pulled out.

pull in（车）进站，停站；（船）到岸，靠岸

pull on穿、戴（袜子，手套等）；继续拉（或划）

pull through（使）渡过危机（危险等），帮助—通过考试等；（使）恢复健康

Exercise:

1) When he found the attacker, he tried to _____his sword but failed.

A. pulled out

B. pulled on

C. pulled through

D. pulled over (A )

2) 是医生帮他恢复了健康。

It is the doctor who helped him pull through.

6.take---lightly : treat sth. in a way that shows you think it is not important or serious

. He is a millionaire and he takes losing a diamond lightly.

Exercise: 汉译英：

那个地区太贫穷了人们连赚十元钱都非常重视。

yuan lightly. )(People in that area are too poor to take earning ten Language points

1.When Martians and Venusians first got together, they encountered many of the problems with relationships we have today.

Explanation:

1) get together: to have a meeting or party 聚会，相聚

. When can we get together for a drink 我们何时能聚在一起喝一杯。

2) encounter : v. experience something, esp. problems or opposition（反对意见）遭遇，遇到

meet , esp. unexpectedly; come upon 偶然遇见，突然遇到

. The more danger we encounter, the harder we should push forward.

The young scientists encountered many difficulties during their

exploration.

Yesterday, I encountered an old friend on the street.

I first encountered him when studying at Cambridge.

n. 相遇，邂逅

. She didn't remember our encounter last summer.

3) problem: 我们面临的最大难题：the biggest problem we face

我们遇到的大难题：sth. poses a serious problem

练习：我们面临的最大难题是缺乏训练有素的职工。

The biggest problem we face is the shortage of trained staff.

缺乏训练有素的职工是我们遇到的大难题。

The shortage of trained staff poses (cause us to have) a serious problem.

4) 辩析：relationship, relation and relations

All three words can be used to suggest a connection between people or things. Relationship, when used of people, suggests a close connection with strong feelings. . her relationship with her husband

Both relationship and relation can be used of things that depend on each other.

. the relationship/relation between temperature and humidity. 温度和湿度的关系Relations can be used of a more formal or distant relationship between people or groups . Relations between our countries are improving.

Paraphrase: When Martians and Venusians have a meeting for the first time, they met many of the problems with relationships that still exists today.

2. So when communication problems emerged, they assumed it was just one of those expected misunderstandings and that with a little assistance they would surely understand each other.

Explanation:

1)emerge: appear or come out from somewhere

. The sun emerged from behind the clouds.

The ship emerged from behind the fog.

If facts emerge, they become known after being hidden or secret

Eventually the truth emerged.

Later it emerged that the boss had been employing an illegal immigrant.

2)misunderstanding:

mis-: prefix a) bad or badly

. misfortune (bad luck) misbehave (behave badly)

b) wrong or wrongly

. misinterpret misunderstanding mislead misguide

c) show an opposite or the lack of something . mistrust

3.For example, when a woman says, “I feel like you never listen,” she does not expect the word “never” to be taken literally.

Explanation:

take: to have the stated feelings as to; consider 对…产生…感觉,认为,视为

. I always take your suggestions seriously.

I took your nod as a sign of approval /to mean that you approved.

Of course I didn't tell her your secret--- what do you take me for (= what sort of person do you think I am) 我当然没有把你的秘密告诉她，你把我当什么人了

I take it (=I suppose) you'll be making a complaint about her behavior.

我想你要对她的行为进行投诉吧。

Paraphrase: For example, when a woman says she felt as if her husband had never listened to what she said, complaining about not being paying enough attention, she does not expect the word never to be understood according to its most original meaning.

4.To fully express their feelings, women would tend to exaggerate the facts a little bit for effect and use various superlatives, metaphors, and generalizations. Explanation:

tend: 1) to have a tendency, be likely to do sth

. Jane tends to get very angry when if you disagree with her.

It tends to rain here a lot in the spring.

The sort of music they play varies, but tends towards jazz.

2) to move or develop one's course in a certain direction 朝着…方向发展,通向

. Interest rates are tending upwards. 利率正在上升.

Paraphrase: In order to express their feelings more completely, women are likely to exaggerate the facts a little bit to draw attention and use various superlatives, metaphors, and generations.

5.Because they misunderstand the intended meaning, they commonly react in an unsupportive manner.

I feel as though you don't fully understand what I really mean to say or care about how I feel.

Explanation: intend to do sth. :

类似表达:

mean to do sth: to intend to do something, especially something that you do not do, because you forget, or because you do not have a chance to do it.

. I meant to ask you to buy some potatoes on your way home but I forgot.

I've been meaning to phone you all week.

be looking to do sth: to intend to achieve something that you are sure you can achieve . The company is looking to increase its sales in Europe during the next two years.

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