全新版大学英语综合教程第二版1单词UNIT2

Detailed Reading

UNIT2

TEXTA

be lost in / lose oneself in:be absorbed in; be fully occupied with

- He was lost in play ing computer games so he was unaware of my entering the room.

- I had lost my self in thought.

- 他忙于这项工作而对周围的一切都很漠然。(He was lost to the world in this task.)

available: adj.

1. able to be got, obtained, used, etc.

- If y ou don’t want to buy a kite, you can make your own using directions available in the book.

- We have already used up all the available space.

- 对不起,这种外套没有你要的颜色和尺码。(I’m sorry. Those overcoats are not available in y our color and size. ) 2. able to be visited or seen; not too busy

- 律师现在没空。(The lawyer is not available now.)

or something: used when you are not very sure about what you have just said

- The air fare was a hundred and ninety-nine pounds or something.

- Here’s some money. Get y ourself a sandwich or something.

NB:

同义的短语：or something like that

go ahead:continue; begin (sometimes followed by with + n.)

- The board of directors will vote today on whether to go ahead with the plan.

- Henry will be late but we will go ahead with the meeting anyway.

estimate:

1. vt. form a judgment about (a quantity or value)

- Bill’s personal riches were estimated at $368 million.

- I estimate that the total cost for the treatment of the disease will go from $5,000 to $8,000.

- 我估计她有35岁。(I estimate her age at 35. )

2. n. approximate calculation or judgment made about a quantity or value

- According to some estimates, the number of farms has increased by 50 percent.

- My estimate of her character was wrong.

CF: estimate, evaluate & value

这组词都有“估计”或“估价”的意思。

estimate 指先于实际的测量、计算或测试而作的某种估计或估价，可以是经过仔细考虑，也可以是随意的。- He estimated he would do the hundred miles by noon. (他估计自已到中午时能走完这一百英里路。)

- I asked three building firms to estimate for the repairs to the house. (我请三个建筑公司估计修缮房屋的费用。)

evaluate 很少表示用金钱来估计某物的市场价值，而是对其相对或内在价值的评定。

- The research project has only been under way for three months, so it’s too early to evaluate its success. (这个研究项目进行了不过三个月，所以要对它的效果作出评价为时尚早。 )

value 指估计某物的价值、价格。

- He valued the house for me at ￡3,500. (他为我给这幢房子估价，价值3,500英镑。)

Put into each gap one of the above words. Change the form where necessary.

1. How do teachers evaluate their students’ work?

2. It was estimated that there were more than 2,250,000 spiders in one acre of grass field.

3. They have gone to have their jewels valued.

might / may (just) as well: If you say that you might / may (just) as well do sth., you mean that you will do it although you do not have a strong desire to do it and may even feel slightly reluctant about it.

- Anyway, you’re here; y ou might as well stay.

- The post office is really busy. We’ll have to queue for ages to ge t served. We might as well go home.

- 这道甜食我还是不吃了吧。(I might as well give the sweet course a miss.)

not much of:not a good …

- 天气不是很好。(It is not much of a day. )

- Some people may think that doing housework for others is not much of a career.

- He is not much of a father, but he is an outstanding professor.

keep up:continue without stopping

- They risk losing their homes because they can no longer keep up the repay ments.

- I was so hungry all the time that I could not keep the diet up for longer than a month.

Collocation:

keep t 坚持；信守

keep up with 跟上；赶上

keep on 继续进行；反复地做

keep out of 躲开；（使）置身于…之外

keep off 避开；不让…接近

Put into each gap one of the above phrases. Change the form where necessary.

1. Keep off the grass!

2. If this rain keeps up, the garden will be ruined.

3. Try to keep out of trouble.

4. Don’t run —I can’t keep up with you.

5. He just kept on writing, pay ing no attention to the cry of the baby.

6. He alway s keeps to his promises.

correspondence:n.

1. the act of writing, receiving or sending letters (often followed by with + n.)

- His interest in writing came from a long correspondence with a close college friend.

- 敌人空袭后通信中断了。(The correspondence dropped after the enemy’s air raid. )

2. the letters that sb. receives or sends (used as an uncountable noun)

- Mary really never mentions her step-mother in her correspondence.

- The library bought all the correspondence between Queen Victoria and her daughters.

Collocation:

carry on correspondence 进行通信

break off correspondence 中断通信

business / commercial correspondence 商业书信

personal correspondence 私人通信

in correspondence with 与…有通信联系

practically:adv. almost, but not completely or exactly

- 她几乎每天上班迟到。(She’s practically always late for work. )

- He’d known the old man for practically ten y ears.

- I know people who find it practically impossible to give up smoking.

kind of / sort of:(“kind of” esp. AmE, “sort of” esp. BrE) a little bit; in some way or degree (used befo re verb or after a link verb)

- The boy’s description kind of gives us an idea of what’s happening.

- She wasn’t beautiful. But she was kind of cute.

- 她有点希望能受到邀请。(She kind of hoped to be invited. )

lose touch (with sb.):meet and contact sb. less and less often, gradually stop writing to, telephoning, or visiting them

- I lost touch with my former classmates after graduation.

- In my job one tends to lose touch with friends.

a couple of: a few; more than one but not many

- Do you have a moment? Th ere are a couple of things I’d like to talk to you about.

- They promised the students that they would find a substitute teacher in a couple of day s.

on one’s mind:in one’s thoughts; of concern to one (If sth. is on your mind, y ou are worried or conce rned about it and think about it a lot.)

- Dealings on the stock market have been on his mind all the time.

- This travel plan has been on my mind all week.

- You are alway s on my mind.

keep in touch (with sb.):If you keep in touch with someone, you write to, phone, or visit each other regularly. - The old man kept in touch with his children while living in a nursing home.

- While doing the research work in the Antarctic, the professor kept in touch with his students via email. Collocation:

stay in touch with 与…保持联系

get in touch with 与…取得联系

come up:

1. happen or occur, esp. unexpectedly

- Sorry, I am late — something came up at home.

- Other projects came up and the emphasis of my work changed.

2. be mentioned or discussed

- The issue of safety came up twice during the meeting.

- News about Project Hope has come up a lot after the earthquake in various media.

Collocation:

come across 偶遇，碰到

come along 进展；出现

come down 流传下来；落魄，失势

come over 从远处来，过来；短暂造访

come through 经历（困难），安然度过

come up with 想出（计划、答案、回答等）

Put into each gap one of the phrases. Change the form where necessary.

1. He couldn’t come up with an appropriate answer just at the time.

2. How’s your work coming along?

3. These legends came down to us from the 15th century.

4. The old man was 90 y ears old and lucky to come through his operation.

5. We’ve just come across an old friend we haven’t seen for ages.

6. Come over and see us sometime.

urge: vt. try very hard to persuade

- They urged the local government to approve plans for their reform program.

- Sir Fred urged that Britain (should) join the European Monetary Sy stem.

- 当老朋友布赖恩怂恿我接受一支香烟时，我实在忍不住了。(When my old friend Brian urged me to accept a cigarette, it was more than I could bear. )

Pattern:

urge sb. to do sth.

urge + that-clause. (In the that-clause, “should” or the base form of a verb is used.)

postpone: vt. delay (usu. followed by n. / gerund)

- The couple had postponed having children to establish their careers.

- 我们把比赛从3月5日推迟到3月19日举行。(We postponed the match from March 5th to March 19th. ) CF: postpone & delay

这组词都有“延缓”或“耽搁”的意思。

postpone 指将某事推迟或耽搁延后进行，也可以用来比喻将某人或某物置于次要地位。例如：

- The ball game was postponed because of the rain. (球赛因雨延期。)

- It is not right for him to postpone the public interest. (他将公众利益放在后面是不对的。)

delay 指由于干扰或意外事故而延误，特别是延误了某事的预期完成或某人某物的按时到达。有时也可能是由于主观原因故意造成的拖延或耽搁。例如：

- The flood seriously delay ed the train service. (洪水严重延误了铁路运输。)

- Our debtor delay s pay ment from day to day. (欠我们债的人一天又一天地拖延还款。)

Put into each gap one of the above words. Change the form where necessary.

1. The ship was delay ed two hours.

2. We are postponing our trip until the weather grows warmer.

reference:n.

1. the act of talking about sb. / sth., or mentioning them (usu. followed by to)

- It was strange that he made no reference to any work experience in his resume.

- His recent book makes references to the political events of those days.

2. sth. that shows you where else to look for information, for example the page number of another place in a

- Make a note of the reference number shown on the form.

3. the act of looking at sth. for information

- Use the dictionary for easy reference.

- Keep their price list for further reference.

Collocation:

a reference book 参考书，工具书

a reference library （不外借书的）参考书阅览室

for reference 作参考

in / with reference to 关于

reunion: n. a party attended by members of the same family, school, or other group who have not seen each other for a long time

- Before she went abroad for further study, the whole family had a big family reunion.

- The soccer club holds an annual / a y early reunion.

Collocation:

a class reunion 毕业后的同班同学聚会

a family reunion 家人团聚

hang out:

1. (infml; used mainly in AmE) stay in or near a place, for no particular reason, not doing very much

- I often hung out in coffee bars while I was unemploy ed.

- We can just hang out and have a good time.

- That’s the corner where all the kids hang out.

2. hang clothes on a piece of string outside in order to dry them

- I was worried that I had no time to hang out my washing.

- What a pain! —It’s raining and I’ve just hung the washing out.

Collocation:

hang about / around （在…）闲逛

hang on （打电话时用语）不挂断；坚持下去

hang over 挂在…上；笼罩，威胁

hang up 挂断电话；搁置，拖延

Put into each gap one of the above phrases. Change the form where necessary.

1. I was so angry that I hung up on her.

2. I’m afraid that the line is busy. W ould you like to hang on?

3. The danger of war hung over Europe for 21 y ears.

4. Don’t hang about / around. We have a train to catch!

(every) now and then:(every) now and again; sometimes; at times

- Every now and then I have a desire to quit my tedious job.

- I still see Jane for lunch every now and then, but not as often as I used to.

Collocation:

now and again 不时地

now or never 勿失良机

表示“偶尔、有时”的词和短语：

1. at times 5. from time to time

2. (every) now and then 6. sometimes

3. (every) now and again 7. on occasion

4. (every) once in a while 8. occasionally

mostly:adv. almost all; generally

- They have invested their money mostly in expensive real estate.

- The guests at the wedding party are mostly friends of the bride.

awful: adj. (used to add force) very great; very bad or unpleasant

- I have got an awful lot of work to do.

- I can’t bear the awful smell of cigarette smoke.

choke up:become too upset to speak

- Losing my job left me completely choked up.

- When he learned the news of his friend’s sudden death, he was so choked up that he couldn’t say a thing.

skip:vt. pass from (one point, etc.) to another, disregarding or failing to act on what comes between

- 报纸读者可以选择自己感兴趣的新闻,略过自己认为是枯燥的或无关的消息。(A newspaper reader can select what he is interested in and skip what he thinks is boring or irrelevant. )

- The teacher said: “First skim the text to obtain a general impression of it. Then scan the first three paragraphs and locate the birth dates of the main characters. And as time is limited, we will have to skip some of the exercises.”

right away:at once

- Tom has got a high fever; he should go and see a doctor right away.

- I wrote him a letter and posted it right away.

NB:

表示“立即、马上”的词和短语：

1. at once 5. promptly

2. directly 6. right away

3. immediately 7. straight away

4. instantly

TEXTB

peer: vi.look closely or carefully

-The doctor peered at the patient’s X-ray for a minute.

- 他透过雾仔细张望, 想找出正确的路。(He peered through the mist, trying to find the right path.)

uneasy: adj.feeling anxious or uncertain

- I feel a bit uneasy about asking her to do me such a big favor.

- 她与她婆婆的关系相当紧张。(She has a rather uneasy relationship with her mother-in-law.)

be (the) best of friends:close friends

- Since Michael moved to our neighborhood, we have been (the) best of friends.

in search of:trying to find

- He disappeared in the direction of the car park, in search of the missing ticket.

- 当她出去寻找木柴时，被一名狙击手打中了。(She was shot by a sniper when she went out in search of firewood.)

scrape a living:only earn enough money to provide y ourself with food, clothing and a place to live

- The writer scraped a living by sending articles to newspapers when she was unknown.

- 我不想仅仅维持生活；我要赚大把大把的钱。(I don’t just want to scrape a li ving; I want to make buckets of money! )

get rid of:destroy; become free of

- Lisa is try ing to get rid of the mice in her house.

- 他打开窗户，好让陈腐烟草的气味散去。(He opened the windows to get rid of the smell of stale tobacco.)

stuff:n.matter; material

- There’s some sticky stuff on the floor.

- 她所说的关于李的一切都是瞎说。(All that stuff she has been say ing about Lee is rubbish.)

soak:v. become or make completely wet

- You’d better wipe up that red wine y ou’ve spilt before it soaks (= is absorbed) into the rug.

- 风把雨吹进来了，打湿了地毯。(The wind had blown the rain in and soaked the carpet.)

swing: v.turn around quickly or make sth. turn around quickly

- He swung around and y elled “that’s a damn lie!”

- He sat there swinging his legs.

burst into:start suddenly

- Li ly burst into tears when she learned that she didn’t pass the exam.

- 天气突然变暖，树上长出叶子来了。(The weather turned warm unexpectedly, making the trees burst into leaf.)

fling:vt.throw violently

- The audience cheered and flung their hats into the air when the Jamaican athlete broke the world record.

- 我们用力将安全绳扔给他。(We flung him the safety rope.)

crash: v.fall or strike suddenly, violently, and noisily

- He lost control of his car at the first bend and crashed.

- 这架飞机起飞后坠毁了。(The plane crashed after take-off.)

bare: adj. without clothing

- She felt the sun warm on her bare arms.

- 那个男孩光着脚踩在软软的沙子上，一丝声音都没有。(The boy’s bare feet made no sound in the soft sand.)

extent: n.rea or length; amount

- From the top of the Empire State Building, y ou can see the full extent of Manhattan.

- 我们尚不知道他受伤的程度。(We don’t yet know the extent of his injuries.)

worse still: to be worse

- She broke her leg skiing. W orse still, she lost her job a month later.

in bad / good shape:in bad / good phy sical condition

- He bought up businesses that were in bad / poor shape, and then sold them off bit by bit.

- 我已经好几个星期没锻炼了，现在的身体状况真的很糟糕。(I haven’t had any exercise for weeks, and I’m really in bad shape.)

despair: n.the feeling that there is no hope and that you can do nothing to improve a difficult or troubling situation

- They’re in the depths of despair over / about the money they’ve lost.

- 令老师绝望的是，诺顿对于要求他做的工作从来不做。(To his teacher’s despair, Norton never does the work that he’s been told to do.)

draw on:use part of a supply of

- A company as big as Sinopec has a great amount of expertise to draw on.

- 他的小说大多取材自他的童年经历。(His novels draw heavily on his childhood.)

lean:vi.

1. move or bend y our body in a particular direction

- I leaned back on the pillows and closed my eyes.

- 乔靠在学校的墙上，抽着香烟。(Joe was leaning against the school wall, smoking a cigarette. )

2. depend on someone for support and encouragement

- The old couple leaned on each other for support.

- 迈克尔一直有他哥哥撑腰。(Michael has alway s had his brother to lean on.)

rescue:

1. vt. help (sb. or sth.) out of a dangerous, harmful or unpleasant situation

- The lifeboat rescued the sailors from the sinking boat.

- 政府已经拒绝挽救该公司，使其免于破产。(The government has refused to rescue the company from bankruptcy.)

2. n. an act of rescuing

- I didn’t know anybody at the party, but the hostess came to my rescue (= helped me out of a difficult situation) by introducing me to a few people.

- 我们在峭壁的石崖上挤成一团，等待救援。(We huddled together on the cliff ledge, waiting for rescue.)

highlight:

1. n. the best or most exciting or interesting part

- Highlights of the match will be shown after the news.

- 在威尼斯的那个周末绝对是我们这次旅行的高潮。(That weekend in V enice was definitely the highlight of our trip.)

2. vt. give special attention to

- The report highlights the need for improved safety.

- 课文中的拼写错误已经用绿色突出显示了。(The spelling mistakes in the text had been highlighted in green.) After Reading >> Useful Expressions

完全沉浸于be completely lost in

引起…的注意get sb.’s a ttention

坐进后座settle into the back seat

得了感冒什么的have a cold or something

不着急in no hurry

接着，继续go ahead

记住了，能背出来know sth. by heart

家书抵万金。Letters from home alway s mean a lot.

老是在外旅行be on the road so much

不大会… not much of a hand at …

保持通信往来keep up correspondence

从小学一直到高中all the way through both grade and high school

老街坊an old neighborhood

沉默in silence

失去联系lose touch

老同学聚会 a class reunion

时间不饶人。Time goes by.

在一起闲逛hang out on the same corner

点头称是nod in agreement

在远处in the distance

大学英语自学教程复习资料

大学英语自学教程复习资料 第一部分Text A & 第二部分Text B 第一部分Text A 【课文译文】 怎样成为一名成功的语言学习者 决策是从可供挑选的行动方案中作出选择，目的在于确定并实现组织机构的目标或目的。之所以要决策是因为存在问题，或是目标或目的不对，或某种东西妨碍目标或目的实现。 因此，决策过程对于管理人员非常重要。管理者所做的一切几乎都与决策有关，事实上，有人甚至认为管理过程就是决策过程。虽然决策者不能预测未来，但他们的许多决策要求他们必须考虑未来可能会发生的情况。管理者必须对未来的事情作出最佳的猜测，并使偶然性尽可能少地发生。但因为总是存在着未知情况，所以决策往往伴随着风险。有时失误的决策带来的后果不很严重，但有时就会不堪设想。 选择就是从多种选项中进行取舍，没有选择，就没有决策。决策本身就是一个选择的过程，许多决策有着很广的选择范围。例如，学生为了实现自己获得学位的目标，可能会从多门课程中进行选择，对于管理者来说，每一个决策都受到政策、程序、法律、惯例等方面的制约，这些制约存在于一个组织的各个部门里。 选项就是可供选择的种种可行的行动方案。没有选项，就没有选择，因而也就没有决策。如果看不到任何选项，这意味着还没有对问题进行彻底的研究。例如，管理者有时会用“非此即彼”的方式处理问题，这是他们简化问题的方法。这种简化问题的习惯常常使他们看不到其他的选项。 在管理这个层次上，制定决策包括：识别选项和缩小选项范围，其范围小到微乎其微，大到近乎无限。 决策者必须有某种方法来断定几种选项中的最佳选项，即哪个选项最有利于实现其组织的目标。组织的目标是指该组织努力完成或达到的目标或现状。由于个人(或组织)对于怎样实现其目标的方式都有不同的见解，最佳的选择就在于决策者了。常常是一个组织的下属部门做出的决策对自己有利，而对上一级的部门来说，就不是较佳选择了。这种增加部门的局部利益而减少其他部门的局部利益所作出的权衡，叫做局部优化。例如，市场营销经理为增加广告预算可能会讲得头头是道，但从更大的布局来看，增加优化产品的研究经费也许对组织更有利。

大学英语自学教程(上下)讲义

视频互动讲义四 课次: 英语二第4次视频互动教学 时间: 月日周三19:30-21:00 主题: 第七、八单元重点回顾，语法讲解，实战演练 主讲: 高伟老师 同学们，大家好！经过前三次的洗礼，你们对英语二教材中的重点知识点的回顾应该有一种感觉：在学习完精讲课件、背过教材中的单词和词组后，应该通过我的讲义对教材有一个更为深层的认识，似乎考点到处密布，要求我们掌握的东西越来越多。请大家冷静，不要烦躁----想通过英语二并非易事，但也绝非不可能。我们只要有信心，有毅力，我想任何考试都不是不可战胜的。 解惑： turn down：关小，拒绝 turn in：上缴，交出 turn into：变成 turn off/on：关掉/接通，打开 turn out：制造，生产，结果是 turn over：移交，翻过来 turn to：变成，借助于 turn up：出现，发生。 near与nearly：前者更多使用的是介词，表示“在附近，近”，后者更多为副词用法，表示“几乎，差不多”。另外，关注一下nearby。 devise与device：前者是动词，表示“想出，设计出”，后者名词，表示“办法，装置”。 drop与fall：两个都是动词，前者表示“失手落下”，后者表示“跌到，落下”。 decline表示“婉拒”，refuse表示“拒绝”，口气更为强烈。 一、第七单元重点内容的回顾

Text A 1.find----finding(s)：注意词性转换。 2.★be concerned with/about(As far as I’m concerned)：注意词组的固定用法。 3.★attach importance(oneself)to：注意词组的固定用法。 4.generally speaking：注意固定用法。 5.★in terms of：注意与by means of区别。 6.★carry out：注意词组搭配，同时注意与carry有关的所有词组。 7.★desire----★desirable----desired：注意词性转换并注意虚拟语气的使用。 8. ★take to：注意词组搭配，有关与take搭配的词组。 9.enjoy----enjoyment：注意词性转换。 10.★in a (great)variety of：注意词组固定搭配。 11.★It is...belief that：注意belief(fact, suggestion, doubt…)后面从句的连接词that。 12.put to good use：注意词组搭配。 13. impart… to：注意词组搭配。 14. it can be argued that…：注意句型，翻译常考。 15.relevant to：注意词组搭配。 16.leader----leadership：注意词性的转换。 17. set… as objective：注意词组搭配。 18.the attainment of a balanced development of the person：注意中文翻译的准确性。 Text B 1.★get through：注意有关get词组应记牢。 2.look ahead to：注意词组搭配。 3.★run out(of)：注意词组含义及搭配。 4.allocate for(to)：注意词组含义。 5.★adjust(to)----adjustment(to)：注意词性的转换。

新编大学英语综合教程1-unit4

Unit 4 Fresh Start In-Class Reading Fresh Start 新的开端 1当我父母开车离去，留下我可怜巴巴地站在停车场上时，我开始寻思我在校园里该做什么。我决定我最想做的就是平安无事地回到宿舍。我感到似乎校园里的每个人都在看着我。我打定主意：竖起耳朵，闭上嘴巴，但愿别人不知道我是新生。 2第二天早上我找到了上第一堂课的教室，大步走了进去。然而，进了教室，我又碰到了一个难题。坐哪儿呢？犹豫再三，我挑了第一排边上的一个座位。3“欢迎你们来听生物101 课，”教授开始上课。天哪，我还以为这里是文学课呢！我的脖子后面直冒冷汗，摸出课程表核对了一下教室——我走对了教室，却走错了教学楼。 4怎么办？上课途中就站起来走出去？教授会不会生气？大家肯定会盯着我看。算了吧。我还是稳坐在座位上，尽量使自己看起来和生物专业的学生一样认真。 5下了课我觉得有点饿，便赶忙去自助食堂。我往托盘里放了些三明治就朝座位走去，就在这时，我无意中踩到了一大滩番茄酱。手中的托盘倾斜了，我失去了平衡。就在我屁股着地的刹那间，我看见自己整个人生在眼前一闪而过，然后终止在大学上课的第一天。 6摔倒后的几秒钟里，我想要是没有人看见我刚才的窘相该有多好啊。但是，食堂里所有的学生都站了起来，鼓掌欢呼，我知道他们不仅看见了刚才的情景，而且下决心要我永远都不会忘掉这一幕。 7接下来的三天里，我独自品尝羞辱，用以果腹的也只是些从宿舍外的售货机上买来的垃圾食品。到了第四天，我感到自己极需补充一些真正意义上的食物。也许三天时间已经足以让校园里的人把我忘在脑后了。于是我去了食堂。 8我好不容易排队取了食物，踮脚走到一张桌子前坐下。突然我听到一阵熟悉的“哗啦”跌倒声。抬头看见一个可怜的家伙遭遇了和我一样的命运。当人们开始像对待我那样鼓掌欢呼的时候，我对他满怀同情。他站起身，咧嘴大笑，双手紧握高举在头顶上，做出胜利的姿势。我料想他会像我一样溜出食堂，可他却转身重新盛一盘食物。就在那一刻，我意识到我把自己看得太重了。

大学英语自学教程(上)

大学英语自学教程(上) 01-A. How to be a successful language learner? “Learning a language is easy, even a child can do it!” Most adults who are learning a second language would disagree with this statement. For them, learning a language is a very difficult task. They need hundreds of hours of study and practice, and even this will not guarantee success for every adult language learner. Language learning is different from other kinds of learning. Some people who are very intelligent and successful in their fields find it difficult to succeed in language learning. Conversely, some people who are successful language learners find it difficult to succeed in other fields. Language teachers often offer advice to language learners: “Read as much as you can in the new language.”“Practice speaking the language every day. ”“Live with people who speak the language.”“Don’t translate-try to think in the new language.”“Learn as a child would learn; play with the language.” But what does a successful language learner do? Language learning research shows that successful language learners are similar in many ways. First of all, successful language learners are independent learners. They do not depend on the book or the teacher; they discover their own way to learn the language. Instead of waiting for the teacher to explain, they try to find the patterns and the rules for themselves. They are good guessers who look for clues and form their own conclusions. When they guess wrong, they guess again. They try to learn from their mistakes. Successful language learning is active learning. Therefore, successful learners do not wait for a chance to use the language; they look for such a chance. They find people who speak the language and they ask these people to correct them when they make a mistake. They will try anything to communicate. They are not afraid to repeat what they hear or to say

大学英语自学教程(上册) unit 23 非言语交际

大学英语自学教程(上册) unit 23 非言语交际 23-A. Non-verbal Communication If anyone asked you what were the main means of communication between people, what would you say? That isn’t a catch question. The answer is simple and obvious. It would almost certainly refer to means of communication that involve the use of words. Speakers and listeners-oral communication, and writers and readers-written communication. And you’d be quite right. There is, however, another form of communication which we all use most of the time, usually without knowing it. This is sometimes called body language. Its more technical name is non-verbal communication. Non-verbal, because it does not involve the use of words. NVC for short. When someone is saying something with which he agrees, the average European will smile and nod approval. On the other hand, if you disagree with what they are saying, you may frown and shake your head. In this way you signal your reactions, and communicate them to the speaker without saying a word. I referred a moment ago to "the average European”, because body language is very much tied to culture, and in order not to misunderstand, or not to be misunderstood, you must realize this. A smiling Chinese, for instance, may not be approving but somewhat embarrassed. Quite a lot of work is now being done on the subject of NVC, which is obviously important, for instance, to managers, who have to deal every day with their staff, and have to understand what other people are feeling if they are to create good working conditions. Body language, or NVC signals, are sometimes categorized into five kinds: 1.body and facial gestures; 2.eye contact; 3.body contact or "proximity"; 4.clothing and physical appearance; and 5.the quality of speech. I expect you understood all those, except perhaps "proximity." This simply means "closeness". In some cultures-and I am sure this is a cultural feature and not an individual one-it is quite normal for people to stand close together, or to more or less thrust their face into yours when they are talking to you. In other cultures, this is disliked; Americans, for instance, talk about invasion of their space. Some signals are probably common to all of us. If a public speaker (like a professor, for example) is all the time fiddling with a pencil, or with his glasses, while he is talking to you, he is telling you quite clearly that he is nervous. A person who holds a hand over his mouth when he is talking is signaling that he is lacking in confidence. If you start wriggling in your chairs, looking secretly at your watches or yawning behind your hands, I shall soon get the message that I’m boring you. And so on. I'm sure you could make a whole list of such signals-and it might be fun if you did. All the signals I have mentioned so far can be controlled. If you are aware that you are doing these things, you can stop. You can even learn to give false signals. Most public speakers are in fact nervous, but a good speaker learns to hide this by giving off signals of confidence. Other kinds of NVC are not so easy to control. Eye contact, for instance. Unless you are confessing intense love, you hardly ever look into someone else’s eyes for very long. If you try it, you’ll find they will soon away, probably in embarrassment.

新编大学英语综合教程3第三版unit9music

1. Complete each of the following sentences with an appropriate form of the word in brackets. 1. (attention) Correct answer inattention 2. (qualify) Correct answer qualified Correct answer Navigation 4. Correct answer participants 5. Correct answer unconscious 6. Correct answer competence 7. Correct answer inequalities 8. morning. (request) Correct answer

requested 9. Correct answer varied 10. Correct answer partners 2. Fill in each of the blanks with an appropriate preposition or adverb. 11. Correct answer in 12. Correct answer of 13. Correct answer to 14. accident. Correct answer at 15. Correct answer beyond 16.

Your answer Correct answer from from 17. Your answer Correct answer to to 18. Your answer Correct answer on on 19. Your answer Correct answer in in Your answer Correct answer On On 3. Complete each of the following sentences by choosing the best answer from the choices given. 21. The buses, ___________ were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd. A. most of which B. both of which C. few of them D. those of which 22. There's only one man ____________ the job. A. qualified for

[自学考试] 《大学英语自学教程》(上册)课后习题答案

《大学英语自学教程》（上册）课后习题答案 Unit 1 Text A Exercises for the Text I. 1.d 2.a 3.c 4.d 5.d II. 1.task 2.intelligent 3.research 4.clue 5.conclusion 6.repeat https://www.sodocs.net/doc/3810139465.html,municate 8.purpose 9.probably 10.outline III. 1.Instead of 2.therefore 3.more...than 4.even 5.First of all 6.because 7.on the other hand 8.finally 9.looking for 10.Conversely IV. 1.Research shows that successful language learners are similar in many ways. https://www.sodocs.net/doc/3810139465.html,nguage learning is active learning.Therefore,successful learners should look for e very chance to use the language. https://www.sodocs.net/doc/3810139465.html,nguage learning should be active,independent and purposeful. 4.Learning a language is different from learning maths. 5.The teacher often imparts successfull language learning experiences to us. Vocabulary Exercises I. 1.a.success b.successful c.successfully 2.a.indepence b.depend c.dependent 3.a.covered b.uncover c.discovered 4.a.purposeful b .purposefully c.purpose II. 1.inexact 2.technique 3.outlined https://www.sodocs.net/doc/3810139465.html,municate 5.regularly

大学英语自学教程电子版教材上册

大学英语自学教程电子版教材上册大学英语自学教程(上) 01-A. How to be a successful language learner? ―Learning a language is easy, even a child can do it!‖ Most adults who are learning a second language would disagree with this statement. For them, learning a language is a very difficult task. They need hundreds of hours of study and practice, and even this will not guarantee success for every adult language learner. Language learning is different from other kinds of learning. Some people who are very intelligent and successful in their fields find it difficult to succeed in language learning. Conversely, some people who are successful language learners find it difficult to succeed in other fields. Language teachers often offer advice to language learners: “Read as much as you can in the new language.”“ Practice speaking the language every day. ”“Live with people who speak the language.”“Don‘t translate-try to think in the new language.”“ Learn as a child would learn; play with the language.” But what does a successful language learner do? Language learning research shows that successful language learners are similar in many ways.

新编大学英语综合教程1-unit1

Unit 1 Personal Relationship In-Class Reading The Gift of Life 以生命相赠 1 炸弹落在了这个小村庄里。在可怕的越南战争期间，谁也不知道这些炸弹要轰炸什么目标，而它们却落在了一所由传教士办的小孤儿院内。 2 传教士和一两个孩子已经丧生，还有几个孩子受了伤，其中有一个小女孩，8岁左右，双腿被炸伤了。 3 几小时后，医疗救援小组到了。医疗小组由一名年轻的美国海军医生和一名同样年轻的海军护士组成。他们很快发现有个小女孩伤势严重。显然，如果不立即采取行动，她就会因失血过多和休克而死亡。 4 他们明白必须给小女孩输血，但是他们的医药用品很有限，没有血浆，因此需要匹配的血型。快速的血型测定显示两名美国人的血型都不合适。而几个没有受伤的孤儿却有匹配的血型。 5 医生会讲一点越南语，护士会讲一点法语，但只有中学的法语水平。孩子们不会说英语，只会说一点法语。医生和护士用少得可怜的一点共同语言，结合大量的手势，努力向这些受惊吓的孩子们解释说，除非他们能输一些血给自己的小伙伴，否则她将必死无疑。然后他们问孩子们是否有人愿意献血来救小女孩。 6 对医生和护士的请求，孩子们瞪大眼睛，一声不吭。此时小病人生命垂危。然而，只有这些受惊吓的孩子中有人自愿献血，他们才能够得到血。过了好一会儿，一只小手慢慢地举了起来，然后垂了下去，一会儿又举了起来。 7 “噢，谢谢，”护士用法语说。“你叫什么名字？” 8 “兴，”小男孩回答道。 9 兴很快被抱到一张床上，手臂用酒精消毒后，针就扎了进去。在整个过程中，兴僵直地躺着，没有出声。 10 过了一会儿，他发出了一声长长的抽泣，但立即用那只可以活动的手捂住了自己的脸。 11 “兴，疼吗？”医生问。 12 兴默默地摇了摇头，但一会儿忍不住又抽泣起来，并又一次试图掩饰自己的哭声。医生又问是不是插在手臂上的针弄疼了他，兴还是摇了摇头。 13 但现在，偶尔的抽泣变成了持续无声的哭泣。他紧紧地闭着眼睛，用拳头堵住嘴，想竭力忍住哭泣。 14 医疗小组此时非常担忧，因为针不会使他们的小输血者一直感到疼痛。一定是哪里出了问题。恰好这时，一名越南护士前来帮忙。看到小男孩在哭，她用越南话很快地问他原因。听了小男孩的回答后，又立即作了回答。护士一边说，一边俯身轻轻拍着小男孩的头，她的声音亲切柔和。 15 一会儿，小男孩不再哭了，他睁开眼睛，用质疑的目光看着越南护士。护士点了点头，小男孩的脸上马上露出了宽慰的神色。 16 越南护士抬起头平静地对两名美国人说: “他以为自己快死了。他误解了你们。以为你们要他献出所有的血，小女孩才能活下来。” 17 “那他为什么还愿意这么做呢?”海军护士问。 18 越南护士把这个问题向小男孩重复了一遍。小男孩简单地回答道: “她是我的朋友。” 19 他为了朋友甘愿献出自己的生命，没有比这更伟大的爱了。

大学英语自学教程(上)-2

The second lecture of College English Hi, everyone! Are you satisfied with the first lecture? Today we’ll continue to learn unit one. Ⅰ.Review something in lecture one: A. Useful phrases: 1.disagree with …(与…意见有分歧)； 2.hundreds of(成百的)； 3. be different from…(与…不同)； 4. succeed in sth…(成功的做某事)； 5. as much as you can(尽可能的多)； 6. practice doing sth(练习做某事)； 7. try to do…(试图做某事)； 8. be similar in sth…(在某些方面是相似的)； 9. first of all(首先)；10. depend on(依靠、依赖)；11. instead of sth/doing sth(不是某事或不是做某事)；12. wait sb to do…(等着某人去做某事)；13. learn from sth/sb(从某件事或从某人那儿学到…)；14. make a mistake(犯错误)；15. be afraid to do(害怕去做…)；16. be willing to do…(愿意去做…)；17. be interested in sth(对…感兴趣)；18. in order to(为了)；19. communicate with sb(同某人进行交流)； 20. on the other hand(另一方面)；21. might do well to do sth(不妨做某事)。 B. Some important words: 1.successful； 2. disagree； 3.statement； 4. guarantee； 5. intelligent； 6. conversely； 7. similar； 8. independent；9. conclusion；10. communicate；communication；11. purpose, purposefully；12. regularly；13. technique；14. outline. C. Key to part exercises: (from page 8 to 12) 一、课文练习： Ⅰ.d, a, c, d, d; Ⅱ. 1.task; 2.intelligent; 3.tudy; 4.clue; 5.conclusion; 6.repeat; https://www.sodocs.net/doc/3810139465.html,munication; 8.purpose; 9.probably; 10.outline Ⅲ. 1. Instead of; 2.therefore; 3. more…than; 4.even; 5.first of all; 6.because; 7.on the other hand; 8.finally; 9.looking for; 10.conversely Ⅳ.1.见课文； 2. Language learning is active learning. Learners should take advantage of every chance to use the language. 3. Language learning should be active, independent and purposeful. 4.见一讲作业。 5. The teachers often pass on their successful experience in language learning to us. 二、词汇练习： Ⅰ.1.2.4.见一讲词汇讲解部分； 3. cover: v 覆盖； uncover: v 揭开，为cover的反义词；discover: v 发现，同义词：find, 习题答案为：covered; uncover; discovered Ⅱ.1.inexact; 2.technique; 3.outlined; https://www.sodocs.net/doc/3810139465.html,municate; 5.regularly; 6.clue; 7.intelligent;

全新版大学英语综合教程教案

Teaching Planning College English Integrated Course Book Three Unit Two The Freedom Givers Zhong wen 1.Background Information Teacher: zhong wen Students: 56 sophomores Content of the textbook: unit-2 text A the Freedom Givers Textbook: foreign language teaching and research press Time duration：10 minutes 2.Textbook Analysis The author tells three stories about the Underground Railroad and early Black civil rights movement. The three stories are chosen because they are representative of all participants in this movement: John Parke r is a freed slave who later turned into a courageous “conductor”; Levi Coffin is a brave white “conductor”; Josiah Henson is a slave who struggled his way to freedom with the help of the Underground Railroad. We learn about the name of Josiah Henson at the beginning of the text, yet his full story is not told until the last part. In this way the author achieves coherence of text. 3.Students Analysis The class is made up of 56 students, with 30 girls and 26 boys ,who have a good knowledge of Basic English, but know very little about the American culture behind the language. So in this introduction part, It is necessary to introduce some background information to the students before reading 4.Teaching Objectives Students will be able to: 1.understand the main idea(early civil-rights struggles in the US, esp. the underground Railroad) 2.grasp the key language points and grammatical structures in the text, 3.conduct a series of reading, listening, speaking and writing activities related to the theme of the unit 4.Appreciate the various techniques employed by the writer (comparison and contrast, topic sentence followed by detail sentences, use of transitional devices,etc.); 5.Teaching Procedures: Greetings Step 1 Lead-in T: Today we are going to talk about the ethic heroes in American history, before the class, I’d like to introduce the slavery to all of you. T: Abraham Lincoln was the 16th president of the United States, during his term of office; he led the civil war and abolished the slavery. T: In the battle against slavery, not only did the president try his best to abolish this system, but also the people, especially the black people living in the South America try hard to fight for their own feat. Today, we will introduce some freedom givers in the American history. Before

新编大学英语1综合教程练习unit 8

UNIT 8 COPING WITH AN EDUCATIONAL PROBLEM I.I. Key words & phrases ability accumulate acquire adequate affect astonish compete complex decline faculty function handful humble idle ignorant jam luxury miracle portable scare slice suggestion swear upset better off break down compete with in amazement make a living by run out of search for sum up Additional Vocabulary scholarship 奖学金 this year’s graduate 应届毕业生 golden collar worker 金领工人 net capital 净资本 academic credit system 学分制 like water off duck’s back 把…当耳边风 netter 网虫 bullet train 子弹头列车 quality of population 人口素质 heuristic education 启发式教育 teach through lively activities 寓教于乐 emeritus professor 名誉教授 degrade oneself 掉（身价） stamp the card 打卡 WAP phone 上网手机 excessive consumption 提前消费 top student 高材生 inter-disciplinary talent 复合型人才 human capital 人力资本 intensive training class 强化班 alleviate burdens on students 减负 online love affair 网恋 magnet train 磁悬列车

大学英语自学教程(上册)词汇表(带音标)

1 / 18 Text 1 1 successful [s?k'sesf?l] a.成功的 2 adult ['?d?lt] n.成年人 a.成年的，成熟的 3 disagree [dis?'gri:] vi.(with)有分歧，不同意；不一致，不符 4 statement ['steitm?nt] n.声明，陈述 5 guarantee [g?r?n'ti:] n./vt.保证，担保，保修 6 intelligent [in'telid??nt] a.聪明的，明智的 7 conversely ['k?nv?:sli] ad.相反地 8 similar ['simil?, 'sim?l?] a.相似的，类似的；与…相似(to) 9 independent [indi'pend?nt] a.独立的，自主的 10 pattern ['p?tn] n.型，模式，样式；花样，图案 11 guesser n.猜测者 12 clue [klu:] n.线索，提示 13 conclusion [k?n'klu:??n] n.结论，推论 14 communicate [k?'mju:nikeit] vi.通讯，交流，交际vt.传达，传播 15 communication [k?mju:ni'kei??n] n.通讯，交流；传达；通 讯联系，交通工具 16 inexact [inig'z?kt] a.不正确的，不精确的 17 incomplete [ink?m'pli:t] a.不完整的 18 purpose ['p?:p?s] n.目的，意图；用途 19 regularly ['regjul?li] ad.整齐地，经常地，定期地 20 purposefully ['p?:p?sfuli] ad.有目的地，蓄意地 21 technique [tek'ni:k] n.技术；技巧，手艺 22 outline ['autlain] vt.概括，提出要点n.轮廓；大纲，提纲 23 disagree with 与…有分歧，不一致 24 first of all 首先，第一 25 depend on [di'p?nd ?n] 依赖，依靠；依…而定 26 be willing to 愿意，乐意 27 be interested in 对…感兴趣 28 on the other hand 另一方面 29 instance ['inst?ns] n.例，实例 30 deaf [def] a.聋的；听力不佳的 31 dumb [d?m] a.哑的；无言的 32 Englishman ['i?gli?m?n] n.英国人 33 Italian [i't?li?n] n.意大利人；意大利语 34 waiter ['weit?] n.侍者，服务员 35 beer [bi?] n.啤酒 36 soda-water n.苏打水，汽水 37 traveler ['tr?v?l?] n.旅客，旅游者 38 macaroni [m?k?'r?uni] n.通心粉 39 primitive ['primitiv] a.原始的 40 exact [ig'z?kt] a.精确的，正确的 41 consist [k?n'sist] vi.组成(of) 42 simply ['simpli] ad.仅，只；完全地；朴素地 43 parrot ['p?r?t] n.鹦鹉 44 not only...but also 不但…而且 45 neither...nor 既不…也不 46 consist of 由…组成 47 Italy ['it?li] n.意大利 Text 2 1 tax [t?ks] n.税(款) vt.对…征税 2 generally ['d?en?r?li] ad.一般地，通常，大体上 3 federal ['fed?r?l] a.联邦的 4 type [taip] n.类型，种类，品种vt./vi.打字 5 salaried ['s?l?rid] a.拿薪水的，领工资的 6 salary ['s?l?ri] n.工资vt.[常用被动语态]给…发薪 7 earn [?:n] vt.挣得，赚得；获得，赢得 8 percentage [p?'sentid?] n.百分比，百分率 9 vary ['ve?ri] vi.变化，有不同，呈差异vt.改变，使不同 10 graduated a.(税)累进的；分等级的；刻度的；毕业的 11 sale [seil] n.出售，卖；廉价出售 12 charge [t?ɑ:d?] vt.索价；指控n.价钱，费用；负荷 13 item ['ait?m] n.条，条款，项目 14 packet ['p?kit] n.小包，小盒vt.打包，装行李；包装 15 cigarette [sig?'ret] n.香烟，纸烟 16 figure ['fig?] n.数字；人物；外形vt.(out)演算出；想出 17 addition [?'di??n] n.加，加法；附加物 18 revenue ['revinju:] n.(国家的)岁入，税收；收入，收益 19 diverse [dai'v?:s] a.不同的，相异的；多种多样的 20 confuse [k?n'fju:z] vt.使混乱，混淆 21 property ['pr?p?ti] n.财产，资产，所有物；性质，特性 22 excise ['eksaiz] n.国产税；本国消费税 23 fund [f?nd] n.基金，专款；储备，贮存vt.提供资金 24 department [di'pɑ:tm?nt] n.部，部门，系 25 municipal [mju:'nisip?l] a.市的，市政的 26 complain [k?m'plein] vt./vi.抱怨(of，about) 27 protest [pr?'test, 'pr?utest] vt./vi.抗议，反对 28 useless ['ju:sl?s] a.无用的；无价值的；无效的 29 impractical [im'pr?ktik?l] a.不切实际的，不能实行的 30 program ['pr?ugr?m] n.=programme计划；程序；节目vt.编程序 31 view [vju:] n.看法，见解，观点；vt.看待，考虑，估量 32 issue ['i?u:, 'isju:] n.问题；(书刊的)期号vt.发行，颁布，出版 33 tend [tend] vi.易于，往往会；倾向于vt.照管，护理 34 be sure of 确信…；确定…　 35 have a corner on 垄断(某物)=to have a(the) corner (on) 36 similar to 跟…类似的，与…同样的 37 in addition to 加之；又；除…之外；并且 38 tend to 倾向，有…的趋势，趋于 39 California [k?li'f?:nj?] 加利福尼亚(美国州名) 40 North Dakota 北达科他(美国州名) 41 advertise ['?dv?taiz] vt./vi.为…做广告；登广告 42 attract [?'tr?kt] vt.吸引，引起…的注意 43 design [di'zain] vt./vi.设计；预定，指定n.设计；图案 44 mail [meil] n.邮件，邮递vt.邮寄 45 constantly ['k?nst?ntli] ad.经常地；不断地；时常地 46 product ['pr?d?kt] n.产品，产物 47 persuade [p?'sweid] vt.说服，劝服；使相信 a.空闲的；有闲的 48 leisure ['le??] n.空闲时间，空暇；悠闲，安逸 49 activity [?k'tiviti] n.活动，活跃；行动 50 classified ['kl?sifaid] a.分类的，被归为一类的；保密的， 机密的 51 edition [i'di??n] n.版，版本 52 section ['sek??n] n.章节，部分；部门，科；截面，剖面 53 announcement [?'naunsm?nt] n.通告，布告，告示 54 available [?'veil?b?l] a.可利用的，可获得的