仁爱版九年级英语unit1,Unit2重点语法

一、现在完成时：表示过去已经发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响

或结果。即“过去的动作+ 现在的结果”，强调结果。如：

I have bought a new bike. (= I bought a new bike, and I have a new bike now.)

我已经买了一辆新的自行车。（强调我现在有了一辆新车。）

（一）构成形式：助动词have / has + 动词的过去分词

肯定句：I have seen the film. 我已经看过这部电影。

否定句：I haven’t seen the film. 我没看过这部电影。

一般疑问句：Have you seen the film? 你看过这部电影了吗？

回答：Yes, I have.是的，我看过了。No, I haven’t.不，我没看过。

特殊疑问句：What have you done?你已经做了什么？

（二）have/ has been to与have/ has gone to

have/ has been to + 某地，到过某地，说话时人已经回来了。

have /has gone to + 某地，说明去了某地，说话时人还没回来。如：

I have been to Beijing twice. 他去过北京两次。

---- Where is Jim? 吉姆在哪儿？--- He has gone to the library? 他去图书馆了。

（三）现在完成时常与下列表不明确的状语连用：

1．already 和yet

already “已经”（多用于肯定陈述句），如：He has already gone home. 他已经回家了。

yet “已经; 还”（用于否定句或疑问句），如：Have you found him yet? 你已经找到他了吗？

I haven’t finished my homework yet. 我还没完成作业。

※already 也可用于疑问句，表“出乎意料或惊奇”

Have you finished your homework already? 难道你已经完成作业了？

2．ever 和never

ever “曾经”（多用于疑问句，问初次经历），如：I have ever been abroad. 我曾出过国。never

never“从未；从来不”（多用于否定陈述句），常回答ever的句型。如：

I have never seen him before.

----Has he ever been abroad? 他曾出过国吗？----No, never. 不，从来不。

3．just

just “刚刚”（多用于肯定句，位于谓语动词之前），如：

I have just tried to call you. 我刚刚打电话给你。

4．before

before “之前”（一般位于句末；常与never呼应），如：

He says he has never seen such beautiful scenery before.

他说他以前从来没看过这么美的风景。

（四）现在完成时中延续性的动作或状态和由for / since 引导的一段时间状语搭配使用：

a)“for + 时间段”(长达…) 与“since + 时间点”（自从……以来），都表“一段时间”，常用How long 提问。

如: ----How long have you been like this?

---I have been like this since last month./ for a month.

---How long have you lived in Changle?

----I have lived in Changle for ten years / since ten years ago.

b) 如句中含有非延续性动词，则改为相应的延续性动词或状态。

如：I bought this TV three days ago.= I have had this TV for three days.

His cat died yesterday.= His cat has been dead since yesterday.

常见的非延续性动词转换成延续性动词如下：

come—be here; go—be there; close—be closed; open—be open;

buy—have; borrow —keep; leave—be away; begin—be on;

finish—be over; die—be dead etc.

二、构词法

合成词：由两个或者更多独立的单词组合成一个单词。如：

motherland, basketball, filmmaker, birthday; hometown, greenhouse, etc.

派生词：一词通过加前缀或后缀构成一个新词。

如：1）常见的前缀

dis-; un-; im- 表示“不”，如：

dislike（不喜欢）disappear（消失）disagree （不同意）disobey（不遵守）unhappy（不快乐）unfair（不公平）unlike（不像）unfriendly（不友好）impolite （不礼貌）impossible（不可能）

re- 表示“重复”，如：

retell（复述）review（复习）rewrite（重写）return（重返）

super- 表示“超”，如：

supermarket（超市）superman（超人）superstar（超级明星）

mis- 表示“错误”，如：

mistake（错误）misunderstand（误解）

2) 常见的后缀：

名词后缀：-er, -or; -ness; -tion; - ment 如：

worker（工人）player（选手）teacher（教师）driver（司机）

visitor （参观者）inventor（发明者）translator （翻译者）

question（问题）invention （发明）education （教育）organization（组织）movement（运动）agreement（同意）development（发展）

形容词后缀：-ful; -ous; -less - able; -y 如：

useful （有用的）careful（认真的）helpful （有帮助的）successful（成功的）dangerous（危险的）famous （著名的）delicious （可口的）serious（严肃的）homeless （无家可归的）careless（粗心的）useless（无用的）

changeable （易变的）countable（可数的）

cloudy （多云的）windy （有风的）sleepy（困倦的）rainy（下雨的）

三、直接引语和间接引语

在引用别人原话时，被引用的部分称为直接引语；如：

“What are you reading,Jane?” Maria asked.

当用自己的话转述别人的话时，被转述部分称为间接引语。如：

Maria asked Jane what she was reading.

直接引语和间接引语可互相转换，但要注意以下几个变化：

直接引语变为间接引语时，引导词要根据句子类型的不同有所变化。

1）如果直接引语是陈述句，变成间接引语时，引导词用that或省略。如：

She said, “I’m very glad to have such a chance.”

→She said (that) she was very glad to have such a chance.

2）如果是一般疑问句时，则用whether或if。如：

Maria asked Jane, “Can they get good food and medicine?”

→Maria asked Jane whether/ if they could get good food and medicine.

3）如果是特殊疑问句时，则用相应的疑问词what, where, which, how等。如：

Maria asked Jane, “ What are you reading?”

→Maria asked Jane what she was reading.

4）如果是祈使句时，则多用动词ask, tell, order引导的不定式结构。如：

Mother said to me, “ Try again.”→Mother asked me to try again.

“ Don’t be afraid”, Tom said to Dick.→Tom told Dick not to be afraid.

语序的变化：若是从句，一律为陈述语序。

时态的变化。

1）主句为现在或将来时态时，间接引语的时态不变；如：

He says, “I’m tired.”→He says he is tired.

He will say, “ The boy was lazy.”→He will say the boy was lazy.

2）主句为过去时态时，间接引语则一般都有改成相应的过去时态，但表示自然科学和真理之类的仍以现在时出现。如：

He said, “I’m sorry.”→He said he was sorry.

The teacher told us, “The earth moves around the sun.”

→The teacher told us the earth moves around the sun.

人称的变化。如：

The teacher said, “John, you must bring your book to the class.”

→The teacher told John that he must bring his book to the class.

时间状语的变化。如：now→then; today→that day; tonight→that night;

this morning→that morning; ago→before; yesterday→the day before;

last night→the night before; the day before yesterday→two days before;

tomorrow→the next day; next week→the next week.

地点状语的变化。如：here→there

指示代词的变化。如：this→that; these →those

动词的变化。如：come →go; bring →take

四、不定代词和不定副词：

(一) 不定代词：

指人：someone/ somebody anyone/ anybody no one/ nobody everyone/everybody

指物：something anything nothing everything

（二）不定副词

指地点：somewhere anywhere nowhere everywhere

（三）用法：

1．some-复合代词/副词常用于肯定句；如：

I saw someone in the room. 我看见房间里有人。

There is something in the woods. 树林里有什么东西。

He has gone somewhere warm for his holiday. 他去暖和的地方度假了。

2．any-复合代词/副词常用于否定句或疑问句；如：

I didn’t see anyone in the room. 我没看见有人在房间里。

There isn’t anything in the woods. 树林里没有什么东西。

He hasn’t gone somewhere warm for his holiday.他没去暖和的地方度假。

3．no- 复合代词/副词表全否定；如：

I saw nobody in the room. 我看见房间里没有人。

There is nothing in the woods. 树林里没有什么东西。

4．every- 复合代词/副词代替全部；如：

Everyone is here. 大家都在这儿。

It seems he knows everything. 似乎他知道一切。

※some-复合代词/副词用于疑问句中时，表希望得到对方的肯定回答或表请求；如：Would you like something to drink? 你要点喝的东西吗？

※any-复合代词/副词用于肯定句时，表“任何”；如：

If people spit anywhere in public, they should be punished.

如果人们在公众的任何地方吐痰，他们应该受罚。

※不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；如：

No one knows this secret. 没有一人知道这个秘密。

Everything goes well. 一切进展顺利。

※如果有定语修饰,定语应放在不定代词或不定副词后；如：

I have something important to tell you. 我有重要的事告诉你。

There is nobody strange here. 这儿没有一个陌生人。

※no= not any →nobody = not anybody; nothing = not anything

She did n’t say anything. = She said nothing. 她什么也没说。

There is nobody strange here.= There is n’t anybody strange here.

这儿没有一个陌生人。

四、并列句：是由并列连词把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成的句子，连词前可用逗号，也可不用逗号。

1．表示并列关系，常用连接词有and, not only…but also…等。如：

His father is a teacher and his mother is a doctor.他的父亲是一位老师，母亲是一位医生。Mr. Green can not only drive a car but also repair it.格林先生不但会开车而且还能修车。2．表示转折，常用连词有but, while等。如：

I bought my sister a present, but she didn’t like it.我给妹妹买了一件礼物，但是她并不喜欢。Tom does housework every day while his sister does nothing.

汤姆每天都做家务活，而他的妹妹什么也不做。

3．表示选择关系，常用连词有or, either…or…等。如：

He speaks French, or perhaps he understands it.他会讲法语，或者懂法语。

Either he could not come or he did not want to.他要么是不能来要么是不想来。

表示因果关系，常用连词有so, for等。如：

Her mother is ill, so she has to stay at home and look after her mother.

她母亲病了，所以她不得不呆在家里照看她。

1.Mr. Green ___ England. He ___ London for two weeks.

A. has been to, will be to

B. has gone to, will be in

C. has been to, will be in

D. has gone to, will be to

2.Maria’s learned about 1000 Chinese words in our school, ___?

A. isn’t she

B. doesn’t she

C. didn’t she

D. hasn’t, she

3.---How long ___ you____ your hometown?

---More than two years.

A. have, left

B. were, away from

C. did, leave

D. have, been away from

4.--__you__the film yet?

--Yes, I__it last Saturday.

A. Will, see, saw

B. Did, see, saw

C. Have, seen, have seen

D. Have, seen, saw

5.---How long have you been like this? ---___.

A. Since last month

B. Last month ago

C. Last month before

D. Last month

6.---____ you ____ the new film?

---Yes, I ___ it last week.

A. Have, saw, saw

B. Did, see, saw

C. Have, seen, saw

D. Did, see, see

7.Great changes__in my hometown recently.

A. have been taken place

B. have taken place

C. have been happened

D. was happened

8.---Where’s Jim?---He ____ Disneyland.

A. has been to

B. has gone to

C. has been in

D. has been at

9.---Have you ever slept in the open air?

---___. I’m very timid(胆小的).

A. Yes, I have

B. No, I haven’t

C. Yes, I do

D. No, I don’t

10.The United Nation has ___ the poor people in the world.

A. give support to

B. given support to

C. gave support to

D. given support for

11.---Have you___ been to Beijing?

---No, I have ___ been there.

A. ever, ever

B. ever, already.

C. yet, never

D. just, already

12.---Have you returned the library book______?

---Yes, I’ve ___ returned it.

A. already, already

B. yet, yet

C. yet, already

D. already, yet

13.---Who will go to the airport to meet Jane?

---I will. I ___ her several times. I can find her easily.

A. met

B. had met

C. have met

D. will meet

14.They ___ homeless people for many years.

A. help

B. have help

C. have helped

D. helped

15.You ___ a lot in the past three years.

A. have grown up

B. grow up

C. have grown

D. grow

16.His father ___ for two years.

A. has been dead

B. was dead

C. has died

D. died

17.They ___ for 10 years.

A. taught English

B. left here

C. have been away from here

D. have gone to Beijing

18.---How long ___ you ___ the bad cold? ---Since last week.

A. have, taken

B. have, taught

C. have, got

D. have, had

19.___have you had this bike? ---Since 2003.

A. When

B. What time

C. How long

D. What

20.He ___ this school for a year.

A. has been to

B. has gone to

C. has been in

D. has gone in

21.We have been good friends since we ___ each other five years ago.

A. knew

B. have known

C. go to know

D. know

22.My brother has ___ to Beiji ng. He’s ___ there five times.

A. been, been

B. gone, gone

C. been, gone

D. gone, been

23.Not only you but also he ___ the Great Wall.

A. have gone to

B. have been to

C. has gone to

D. has been to

24.---Have you finished your written homework ___?

---No. I’ll finish it ___ another ten minutes.

. already, after B. yet, before C. already, about D. yet, in

25.---I didn’t see you the whole summer holiday.

---I ____ Yunnan on August 2nd. I ___ there for two weeks.

A. went to, have gone

B. have gone, have gone

C. went to, was

D. have gone, have been

26.I won’t go to see the film tonight because I __ my ticket.

A. lost

B. have lost

C. will lost

D. didn’t have

27.---Why not go to see the flower shoe with us? ---I ___ it.

A. saw

B. see

C. have seen

D. seen

28.He’s never been to England, ___?

A. isn’t he

B. hasn’t he

C. has he

D. is he

29.You’d better ask him if ___.

A. he has ever gone to England

B. he has ever been to England.

C. has he ever been to England

D. he went to England

30.---Lucy, ___ you ___ your ticket? ---Not yet.

A. did, find

B. have, found

C. has, found

D. do, find

.---What are you going to do this weekend? ---I ___yet.

A. haven’t decided

B. won’t decide

C. have decided

D. didn’t decide

32.I have ____ a cold for several days. I took some medicine, and now I feel better.

A. had

B. Have

C. catch

D. caught

33.--Oh, you are l ate again. The film ___ for twenty minutes. --What a pity.

A. has begun

B. began

C.has been onDhave been on

34.---Have you ____Project Hop? ---Yes, I have.

A. heard

B. heard of

C. heard from

D. hear

35.---Mr. Green, your hat looks nice. Is it new?---No, I ___ it for two months.

A. have had

B. have bought

C. bought

D. had

36.---How long ___ you ___ here? ---For about two years so far.

A. have, studied B did, live. do, day D. were, swimming

37.Tom ___ the CD player for two weeks.

A. has sent

B. has borrowed

C. has bought

D. has had

38.---I have finished my homework. ---When ___you ___?

A. do, finish

B. will, finish

C. have, finished

D. did, finish

39.Since 2000, Nanchang has become a new city. Everything ___.

A. is changed

B. was changed

C. has changed

D. had changed

40.---How long ___ you__ here since you __ to Wenzhou?

---Almost half a year.

A. did, live, here

B. did, live, have come

C. have, lived, came

D. have, lived, have come

41.---Did you receive your friend’s e-mail?---Yes, I ___ it since two hours ago.

A. have receive

B. received

C. have had

D. had

42.The bridge ___ since Mr. Lei came to this town.

A. was built

B. has been there

C. has built

D. built

43.It is three years ___ we two met last time.

A. since

B. when

C. after

D. before

44.What’s wrong with him? I haven’t seen him ___ last Wednesday.

A. on

B. by

C. until

D. since

45.---How long have you ___ your watch? It looks new.

---Only about three weeks.

A. had

B. bought

C. received

D. borrowed

46.---___ your sister ____in Greener China for a long time?

---Yes, she joined it five years ago.

A. Has, been

B. Have, been

C. Has, joined

D. Have, joined

47.It ____ two years since we visited Beijing last time.

A. has been

B. has

C. be

D. will be

48.It has been eleven hours ___ we arrived in Beijing.

A. after

B. before

C. since

D. for

49.---Tom has made few friends here, ___?

---Sorry, I don’t know him.

A. hasn’t he

B. has Tom

C. hasn’t Tom

D. has he

......

九年级英语Unit11单元语法

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18.Paula过去很文静。她过去不喜欢测试。 19.---你过去很矮，不是吗？---是的，我是的。 20.他过去戴眼镜吗？不，他不带。 21.---你的衬衫是棉质的吗？ ---是的，它们是的。并且它们是美国制造的。 22.---这个飞机模型是有什么制作的？ ---它是由用过的木头和玻璃制成的。 23.---在中国哪里产茶？ ---它产自许多不同的地区。 24.---茶是怎么制成的？ ---茶树在山坡上种植。当叶子长好了，人们就用手把它们采摘下来，然后送去加工。 25.---拉链是什么时候被发明的？ ---它是在1893年被发明的。 26.---它是由谁发明的？ ---它是由Whitcomb Judson发明的。 27.---茶是什么时候被带到朝鲜的？ ---它是在6世纪和7世纪期间被带到了朝鲜。 28.---热冰激凌勺是用来干什么的？ --她它是用来提供很凉的冰激凌的。 29.---我认为不应该允许16岁的青少年开车。 ---我同意。他们不够认真。 30.---你认为应该鼓励青少年自己做决定吗？ ---不，我不同意这一点。青少年太年轻而不能自己决定。 31.---不该允许青少年做兼职工作。 ---我不同意。他们可以从工作中学到很多东西。

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级下册第二单元英语语法点

级下册第二单元英语语法点

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常用的情态动词有：can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, will, would这九大情态动词；其他的还有ought to, need, dare 等 二、情态动词表示“可能”或“预测” (can, could, will, would, shall, should, must, ought to （1）can 和 could 用于表示“可能”或“预测”：1. He can't be at home.他不可能在家。 2. Can the news be true? (can 置于主语 the news 前就成疑问句) 这消息可能是真的吗? 3. Anybody can make mistake. (只表示理论上的可能性) 任何人都可能犯错误。 （2）may 和 might 用于表示“事实上的可能性”或“预测”： 1. It may rain tomorrow可能会发生) 明天可能会下雨。 2. It may snow later this afternoon. (表示预测) 今天下午可能会下雪。 3. You might be right. (表示有可能) 你可能是对的。 （3）will 和 would 用于表示“预测”或“习惯性”： 1. I think he will be all right now. (will be 表示一定会) 我想他现在一定好了 2. That would be his mother.(would be 表示肯定是) 那肯定是他母亲。 3. He will sit there hour after hour looking at the river.(will 表示经常的) 他经常一连几个小时坐在那儿看着河水。 4）shall 和 should 用于表示“必定”： 1. I shall be rich one day. (shall be ) 总有一天我会发达的。 2. That should be Sam and his mother. (should be) 那准是Sam 和他的母亲。 2. That would be his mother.(would be 表示肯定是) 那肯定是他母亲。 3. He will sit there hour after hour looking at the river.(will 表示经常的) 他经常一连几个小时坐在那儿看着河水。 （4）shall 和 should 用于表示“必定”： 1. I shall be rich one day. (shall be ) 总有一天我会发达的。 2. That should be Sam and his mother. (should be) 那准是Sam 和他的母亲。 （5）must 用于表示“必定”，“必会”： 1. This must be good for you.(must be 肯定) 这肯定对你是有益的。 2. All mankind must die.(表示必然会发生的事) 所有的人一定会死的。 3. Mustn't there be a mistake? (mustn't 多用于疑问句) 那肯定会有错误吗？ 三、情态动词表示“许可”、“请求” (can, could, will, would, shall, should, may, might, must) （1）can 和 could 用于表示“许可”、“请求”： （2） 1. Can I go with you? (请求) 我能跟你一起走吗？ 2. Father said I could go to cinema. (表示过去的许可) 爸爸说我可以去看电影。 3. Could I ask you something ? (请求,用 could 比 can 更婉转) 我可以问你一件事吗？ （2）will 和 would 用于表示“请求” 1. Will you kindly tell me the way to the post office? (表示客气请求) 请问到邮局怎么走？ 2. Would you give me your address? (用 would 比 will 表示更客气)请你告诉我你的地址好吗3）shall 和 should 用于第一人称，表示征求对方的意见 1. Shall we talk? 我们谈谈好吗？ 2. What should we do next? (用should 比 shall 表示更客气) 下一步我们该怎么做？ 3. Shall he come to see you? (用于第三人称疑问句) 要不要他来看你？ （4）may 和 might 用于表示“许可”(口语中多用 can ) 1. You may take a walk. (表示给予许可) 你可以散散步。 2. You might read the story for me. (比may更婉转) 是否请给我读一读这故事。 3.May I make a suggestion? 我可以提个建议吗？

九年级英语unit1-10语法翻译

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23.---我想知道接下来我们应该去哪里。 24.---你们应该试一下那边那个新开的骑乘项目。 25.我过去很矮。我过去在学校里不受欢迎。 26.Paula过去很文静。她过去不喜欢测试。 27.---你过去很矮，不是吗---是的，我是的。 28.他过去戴眼镜吗不，他不带。 29.---你的衬衫是棉质的吗？ 30.---是的，它们是的。并且它们是美国制造的。 31.---这个飞机模型是有什么制作的？ 32.---它是由用过的木头和玻璃制成的。 33.---在中国哪里产茶？ 34.---它产自许多不同的地区。 35.---茶是怎么制成的？ 36.---茶树在山坡上种植。当叶子长好了，人们就用手把它们采摘下来，然后送去加 工。 37.---拉链是什么时候被发明的？ 38.---它是在1893年被发明的。 39.---它是由谁发明的？ 40.---它是由Whitcomb Judson发明的。 41.---茶是什么时候被带到朝鲜的？ 42.---它是在6世纪和7世纪期间被带到了朝鲜。 43.---热冰激凌勺是用来干什么的？ 44.--她它是用来提供很凉的冰激凌的。

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Unit 2 I think that mooncakes are delicious! 必记单词 Mooncake 月饼 Relative 亲属亲戚 Lay 放置安放产（卵）下（蛋） Tie 领带v 捆束 Lie v 存在平躺处于 Business 生意商业 Stranger 陌生人 Steal 偷窃取 Admire 欣赏仰慕 C hristmas 圣诞节 Dead 死的 Present 现在礼物adj 现在的 短语归纳 1. watch the races 观看比赛 2. five meals a day 一天五顿饭 3. put on five pounds 增胖5磅 4. in two weeks 两周后 5. sound like fun 听起来很有趣 6. be similar to 与…相似 7. from …to…从…到… 8. throw water at each other 互相朝对方泼水 9. wash away bad things 冲走坏事 10. have good luck 交好运 11. has/have been celebrating 一直庆祝 12. fpr centuries 数个世纪 13. in the shape of …. 呈…形状

14. many traditional folk stories 许多传统的民间故事 15. the most touching 最感人的 16 shoot down nine suns 舍下九个太阳 17. plan to drink it 计划喝掉它 18. try to steal the medicine 企图偷药 19. refuse to give it to him 拒接把它给他 20. fly up to the moon 飞向月球 21. call out her name 呼唤她的名字 22. so…that …如此…以至于… 23. lay out her favourite fruits and desserts 摆放她最喜欢的水果和甜点 24. the tradition of admiring the moon 赏月的传统 25. as a result 因此，结果 26. on the third Sunday of June 在六月的第三个周日 27. take them out for lunch 带他们出去吃午餐 28. more and more popular 越来越流行 29. help sb. do/to do /with sth. 帮助某人做某事 30. dress up as ghosts 装扮成鬼 31. play a trick on sb. 捉弄某人 32. give sb a treat 款待某人 33. treat sb.nicely 对待某人友好 34. treat sb.with kindness and warmth 用善心和热情对待… 35. on October 31st 在10月31 日 36. think of 想起 37. the true meaning of Christmas 圣诞节的真正意义 38. the importance of sharing 分享的重要性 39. a novel written by LuXun 一篇鲁迅写的小说 40. think about himself 考虑自己 41. care about 在乎，关心 42. warn sb. (not) to do 告诫某人（不）去做某事。 43. expect (sb ).to do 期待（某人）干某事 44. remind sb of…使某人想起…

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