2020中考被动语态专题讲义

语法专题十一被动语态

★考点解析★

1.一般过去的被动语态(10年11考)

2.一般现在的被动语态（2014,2011）

3.一般将来的被动语态（2015）

一. 定义: 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,

被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。

二. 构成：主+ be done+宾语……

口诀：宾变主，主变宾，主动变被动，by加人

四. 注意以下问题:

A. 带有双宾语的动词变为被动语态时，可以把其中一个宾语变为被动语态的主语，若将直接宾语(sth.)变为主语，须根据习惯在原间接宾语前加上介词to或for .

①用to的常见词有：give, show, send, lend, pass, pay, teach, throw, take, bring 等

②用for的常见词有：make, choose, sing, play, draw, save, buy, get, leave, cook 等

B. 带复合宾语（宾语+宾语补足语）的动词变为被动语态时，只能将宾语变为被动语态的主语，宾语补足语不可变为主语。

C. 当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。

D. 在see, let, make, hear, watch etc.动词之后，作宾语补足语的动词不

定式不带to，但在变为被动语态时，则一定要加上to。

E. 在某些“不及物动词+介词/副词”(相当于及物物动词)的句子中，变被

动语态时，注意不要丢掉介词/副词。

F. need表示需要时，后面常接doing 形式表示被动意义，相当于to be done .

G.当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时或者只需强调动作的承受者时，要用被动语态。

H.句子中有by sb./with sth. 可直接判定使用被动语态

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Your work must be finished today.你们的工作必须今天完成。 常见时态（含情态动词）的被动语态 被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。助动词be有人称、时态和数的变化。常见时态（含情态动词）的被动语态的构成如下：

现在兀成时 动词情态动will be+过去分 词 The sports meeting will be held tomorrow. 运动会将于明天举行。 have/has been+ The bank has been built.银行已经建成 过去分词了。 +be+过去分词 The bike can't be put here.这辆自行车不 能被放在这里。

【考点训练1】 l.Today Chinese(teach) in many schools around the world. 2.Some famous paintings(show) in the hall next week. 3.A new school(set up) in my hometown last year. 4,一How often do I need to feed the dog? ——It food every day,or it will be hungry. ( ) A.may give B.may be given C.must give D.must be given 答案：is taught will be shown was set up D 【被动语态的特殊结构】 种类构成例句

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