新标准大学英语_综合教程3_课后答案unit 7

新标准大学英语_综合教程3_课后答案unit7 Unit7

Active reading(1)

Can bad luck be explained?

Language points

1Part of the explanation for bad luck is mathematical, but part is psychological.(Para2)

The sentence means bad luck is not only a matter of the odds for or against something happening,but of

our memories and attitudes.

2This popular notion would be unlikely to stand the scrutiny of any scientific study…otherwise the phrase would never have arisen in the first place.(Para 3)

To stand the scrutiny of any scientific study means to survive any scientific examination.

The expression in the first place is used to mean what someone did or should have done at the start of a situation,eg I wish I’d never got involved i n the first place.

3So badness is much better represented as being on a spectrum rather than something which is there

or not there.(Para5)

The sentence means that badness is not an either/or quality,but a matter of degree,and it exists on a continuum.

4When it comes to bad things happening in threes,what may be most important of all is the duration

and memorability of the first event.(Para7)

The sentence means that the impact of the first unpleasant event and the length of time we remember it is

the critical factor in the origin of the common idea that three bad events often occur together.

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5The timescale has been extended as long as is necessary to confirm the original prophecy.(Para8)

The idea behind the sentence is that after one bad event, people predict two more and will wait a long time

if necessary for them to happen and so to prove the prediction.

6But it is more likely that a friend will tell you“three bad things have

happened to me,isn’t that

ty pical”than“only two bad things have happened to me, which just proves that the theory doesn’t

work”.(Para9)

Some times after the second bad event,nothing happens for a long time.We could tell people that our

experience shows that the idea that bad luck comes in threes is wrong.But we do not.That seems to be

asking for a third piece of bad luck to come along.Instead we wait for the third event and then say the old

theory has been proved yet again.

7It is related to probability and independence.(Para10) Probability means how events are connected to one another, how probable it is something will happen.

Independence refers to how much interdependence there is between events.

8One of the best examples of selective memory…(Para

16)

A selective memory means remembering only some facts or only what we want to.We select some

memories and reject others.

Reading and understanding

2Choose the best way to complete the sentences.

1Murphy’s Law is(a).

(a)a popular belief

(b)a scientific law

(c)a classical theory

(d)a statistical calculation

2Bad luck(b).

(a)can be explained by science

(b)can be partly blamed on strange coincidences

(c)only really exists in people’s minds

(d)is impossible to explain

3“Bad luck”is a problematic concept because(a).

(a)it is relative;some things are more“bad”than others

(b)it suggests a connection between science and morality

(c)luck is never good or bad by definition

(d)it encourages people not to take responsibility for their own actions

4Unlucky events seem to come in threes because(b).

(a)three is an unlucky number in most cultures

(b)the mind wants to make connections between events

(c)we don’t notice single unlucky events

(d)we can’t remember more than three connected events The secret life of science Unit7

231

5For some people,unlucky events are connected because (d).

(a)they are psychologically weaker than other people

(b)they have better memories than other people

(c)they define bad luck differently from other people

(d)the first unlucky event has an effect on them which makes the second event more likely

6The writer says map reading is a frustrating experience because(a).

(a)the destination will often be marked very near the edge of the map

(b)it is difficult to consult a street atlas while you’re in a car

(c)the destination is unlikely to be marked in the middle of the map

(d)modern road maps have not been well designed

7The writer says we believe that traffic lights are always re d when we’re in

a hurry because(b).

(a)traffic lights spend more time on red than green

(b)we hardly notice when the lights are green

(c)red lights are a source of stress

(d)red lights appear more often when a driver is in a hurry 8The examples of map reading and traffic lights both show that(a).

(a)we are often too ready to interpret a neutral event as“bad”

(b)if we are in a hurry,something bad will usually happen

(c)journeys need to be carefully planned to avoid things going wrong

(d)bad luck is a direct result of stress and anxiety Dealing with unfamiliar words

3Match the words in the box with their definitions.

1something harmful or unpleasant that happens to someone (misfortune)

2neither positive nor negative(neutral)

3relating to or involving mathematics(mathematical)

4weak or easy to hurt physically or mentally(vulnerable) 5happening or coming after something else(subsequent) 6the number of times that something happens during a period of time(frequency)4Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in Activity 3.

1Some people seem to blame all their misfortunes on bad

luck.

2Many people would argue that there is no such thing as bad luck;all events are neutral.

3The frequency with which things seem to go wrong may depend on things like health factors.

4Is it a mathematical certainty that toast will always fall butter side down?

5We need to help the most vulnerable people in our society. 6If you’re depressed,and one thing goes wron g,all subsequent events are likely to seem negative too.

5Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box.You may need to make

other changes.

1Which is the quickest way to the town centre?(route) Unit7The secret life of science

232

2Our math teacher’s lesson included part of yesterday’s lecture.(overlapped)Our math teacher’s lessen overlapped with yesterday’s lecture.

3You’ll find the statistics department in the building next to this one.(adjacent)

4Unfortunately,two hundred people lost their jobs last

month.(sacked)Unfortunately,two hundred people were sacked last month.

5Why do certain groups of letters stay close together in this language?(cluster)

6The office will be closed for the whole period of the Christmas holidays.(duration)

6Answer the questions about the words and expressions. 1If you subject something to scrutiny,do you look at it (a)carefully,or(b)superficially?

2If something is marginally interesting,is it of(a) great interest,or(b)limited interest?

3If a problem is alive and kicking,(a)can you ignore it,or(b)must you do something about it?

4Is a reminder intended to(a)keep you awake,or(b)stop you forgetting?

5If you are made redundant,have you(a)been given a job, or(b)lost your job?

6If something crops up,were you(a)expecting it,or(b) not really expecting it to happen?

7If you duplicate a document,do you(a)send it to someone, or(b)make a copy of it?

8Do two consecutive events happen(a)at the same time,

or(b)one after the other?

9After physical exertion,do most people feel(a)tired, or(b)full of energy?

Active reading(2)

Language points

1My research had persuaded me that musicality is deeply embedded in the human

genome…(Para1)

Genome is a complete set of genes of an organism. Musicality refers to a natural interest in and ability for music.

2…if only I took a few lessons I would find my voice. (Para1)

The sentence means if I would have some music lessons,I would soon learn to sing nicely.

3As well as testing whether I could improve my tone,pitch and rhythm…(Para2)

The pitch refers to the quality of sound we speak of in terms of high and low.The tone is the fixed

vibration of the vocal cords producing a pleasing sound. The dynamics(Para5,Line5)are volume and

style of a sound.

4With the help of functional MRI he had begun to identify…(Para2)

A functional MRI,functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging, is a scanner which detects amounts and

whereabouts of brain activity.

5We agreed that…covering various musical tasks such as sustaining a pitch,singing scales and in

rhythm.(Para3)

To sustain a pitch means to keep to a musical key;to sing scales means to move up and down a musical

scale;to sing in rhythm means to maintain a beat.

6Later,he would process the images…to give snapshots of the mental activity involved.(Para4)

To give snapshots of something means to give a series of images of something.

7On a few occasions when singing with my wife we both experienced fleeting feelings of emotional

intimacy as our voices blended into one…(Para5)

The sentence means all of a sudden we both had moments when we felt closer to one another as we sang

the same notes at the same time.

8Encore!(Subtitle)

Encore is the French word for again,shouted at the end of good performances asking for a little more.

Here,the writer is happy with the outcome though not with his singing.

The secret life of science Unit7

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Reading and understanding

2Number the events in the order they occurred.

2He drew up a plan with a researcher and a teacher.

3He had a couple of lessons and learnt how to read music. 9He discovered changes in the way his brain worked.

5He learnt how to breathe properly.

1The writer decided he wanted to learn to sing.

8He had a second brain scan.

4He had a brain scan.

7He became depressed with his slow progress.

6He did exercises to develop a sense of rhythm.

3Choose the best answer to the questions.

1Why did the writer take part in the experiment?

(a)To sing with his wife.

(b)To find out more about his brain.

(c)To do research for a book about Neanderthal humans.

(d)To investigate the relationship between singing and brain activity.

2How did the experiment affect his family life?

(a)He spent a lot of time singing with his wife and children.

(b)He made his children practise late at night.

(c)He disturbed his children by singing late at night.

(d)His marriage nearly came to an end.

3What results did the experiment show?

(a)There is no connection between singing ability and brain activity.

(b)It is not possible to sing lying down.

(c)Regular brain scans can improve singing ability.

(d)There is a connection between singing ability and brain activity.

4What conclusion did the writer reach?

(a)He will never be able to sing well.

(b)Some people will never be able to sing.

(c)Learning to sing is a complex and mysterious process.

(d)Everyone can learn to sing,but it takes time. Dealing with unfamiliar words

4Match the words in the box with their definitions.

1to continue trying to achieve something difficult (persevere)

2used for showing that something you say is really true (literally)

3a new business or activity(venture)

4the belief that you are able to do things well (confidence)

5to provide the conditions in which something can happen or exist(sustain)

6feeling annoyed and impatient(frustrated)

Unit7The secret life of science

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5Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity 4.

I never thought I would become a musician.I’ve always liked music,but didn’t

study it at school and I

found it a bit(1)frustrating not to be able to read music or to sing in tune.That is,until the day I decided

to learn to play the piano.It was quite a difficult(2) venture at first.The hardest thing was to(3)persevere with practice.But little by little I began to make

progress,and,with it,to grow in(4)confidence.In fact, I managed to(5)sustain the enthusiasm to such an extent that,at the age of35,I gave up my job as a data analyst to become a professional musician.In my case, music(6)literally changed my life.

6Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box.

1When I play the piano I usually mix different styles such as jazz and classical.(blend)

2One of my favourite pieces of music is called The Planets. (entitled)

3I thought I would learn quickly,but I was clearly mistaken.(evidently)

4How much is left if we take off80euros from your fee? (subtract)

5The photocopier is broken,but you can use the machine which copies images and stored them on a

computer.(scanner)

6To have such wonderful children has been a great source of happiness for us both.(blessing)

7The new hospital is open now,but it isn’t working as it should.(functional)

7Answer the questions about the words and expressions. 1If you are haunted by something,do you think about it (a)often,or(b)hardly ever?

2If you are turned off from something,do you(a)show interest in it,or(b)lose interest in it?

3When someone collaborates with you,do they(a)help you, or(b)prevent you from doing what you

want to do?

4Are the rudiments of musical knowledge(a)the basic facts,or(b)the most recent discoveries?

5Does a precocious child show skills and intelligence(a) above,or(b)below the average?

6Are excerpts from a film or a piece of music(a)short extracts,or(b)critical reviews?

7If you do something in the intimacy of your own home, do you expect(a)strangers,or(b)only your

own family to see you do it?

8If you stumble,do you(a)fall and then keep going,or (b)fall and stop completely?

9If you feel elated about something,do you feel(a)very happy,or(b)very sad?

Reading and interpreting

8Choose the best way to complete the sentences.

1The title“The diva within”suggests that(b).

(a)artists have very private lives

(b)anyone can be a good singer

(c)great musicians are born,not made

(d)to become a good singer,you have to think a lot

2The word encore is used because(d).

(a)it refers to a second performance of something

(b)it is usually used in a musical context

(c)it suggests that people are happy with a performance

(d)all three of the above reasons

The secret life of science Unit7

239

9Decide if the writer’s experiences are motivating(M) or frustrating(F).

1writing a book called The Singing Neanderthals(M)

It inspires him to do all sorts of interesting research. 2his childhood experience with a music teacher(F)

He felt humiliated.

3meeting Larry Parsons at the University of Sheffield(M) He offered new ways he could pursue his research.

4listening to Pam sing(M)

He found it beautiful and wanted to learn more about the human relationship with music.

5monitoring his own progress as a student of singing(F) He says he got frustrated in Paragraph 5.

6the effect on family life as he practised(F)

His singing wasn’t good for his family life.

7lying still during the second brain scan(F)

In Paragraph6,it says“Lying still was even more frustrating than the last time because I had learned that moving my body was as important to singing as was flexing my vocal cords.”

8leaving the scanner after the second brain scan(M) The writer was elated that his work for the experiment was done.

9seeing the results of the second scan(M)

The results of the research confirmed his ideas.

Now decide whether the writer was pleased with the results of the experiment and give reasons.

I think he was pleased.A negative result would have been rather depressing,but now he had some new

information he could work on.Also he had learned something about singing.Note that the frustrating

experiences tend to come earlier than some of the motivating ones.Finally he was elated it was all over! Language in use

word formation:-ity and-ility

1Look at the sentences from the passage Can bad luck be explained?

When it comes to bad things happening in threes,what may be most important of all is the duration and memorability of the first event.

There is…rational reason why bad events might cluster together.It is related to probability and independence.

Now find three more nouns ending in-ity or-ility in the passage The diva within.Ability,musicality,activity. The secret life of science Unit7

241

2Rewrite the sentences changing the underlined adjectives into nouns.

1It is possible that the insurance won’t pay you for this accident.

There is a possibility that the insurance won’t pay you for this accident.

2I am not responsible for anything that happens to you. It’s not my responsibility what happens to you.

3I’m not sure how suitable this programme is for you. I’m not sure of this programme’s suitability for you. 4The fact that the calculation was complex slowed me down. The calculation’s complexity slowed me down.

5Being naturally curious is a characteristic of many great thinkers.Natural curiosity is a characteristic of many great thinkers.

6I was surprised that her behaviour was stupid.

I was surprised at the stupidity of her behaviour. when it comes to…

3Rewrite the sentences using when it comes to…

1If we consider evaluating students’work,there are always some very difficult choices to be made.

When it comes to evaluating students’work,there are always some very difficult choices to be made.

2If we consider the examples of bad luck you spoke about, many of these seem to be rather unimportant.

When it comes to the examples of bad luck you spoke about, many of these seem to be rather

unimportant.

3If we turn our attention to human psychology,we see that this is very closely related to physical health

and well-being.

When it comes to human psychology,we see that this is very closely related to physical health and wellbeing.

4In the case of learning an instrument like the piano or violin,a lot of patience and the ability to

persevere are essential.

When it comes to learning an instrument like the piano or violin,a lot of patience and the ability to

persevere are essential.

5If we turn our attention to non-scientific studies of good and bad luck,there are all sorts of fantastic theories.

When it comes to non-scientific studies of good and bad luck,there are all sorts of fantastic theories.

if only

4Rewrite the sentences using if only.

1I won’t be able to work out this mathematical problem unless you are quiet for a few minutes.

If only you were quiet for a few minutes,I would be able to work out this mathematical problem.

新标准大学英语综合教程3课后解答

新标准大学英语3 Unit1 Active reading(1) 4. b c c d c a 5.productive attendance resistance ambitious acceptance script impressive 6.attendance ambitious productive impressive resistance script acceptance 7.mortgage deck surf coastal;defy lengthy 8.b a b b b a b b Active reading(2) 4.triple cemetery rear biography cram budding finite elapse 5.elapsed;cemetery rear;crammed triple budding;biography finite 6.a b a a b b a a 7.a b b a a b b b a Language in use 6.(1)我们都觉得在校时间不多了，以后再也不会有这样的学习机会了，所以都下定决心不再虚度光阴。当然，下一年四五月份的期末考试最为重要。我们谁都不想考全班倒数第一，那也太丢人了，因此同学们之间的竞争压力特别大。以前每天下午5点以后，图书馆就空无

一人了，现在却要等到天快亮时才会有空座，小伙子们熬夜熬出了眼袋，他们脸色苍白，睡眼惺忪，却很自豪，好像这些都是表彰他们勤奋好学的奖章。 （2）明天行吗？明天只是个谎言；根本就没有什么明天，只有一张我们常常无法兑现的期票。明天甚至压根儿就不存在。你早上醒来时又是另一个今天了，同样的规则又可以全部套用。明天只是现在的另一种说法，是一块空地，除非我们开始在那里播种，否则它永远都是空地。你的时间会流逝（时间就在我们说话的当下滴答滴答地走着，每分钟顺时针走60秒，如果你不能很好地利用它，它就会走得更快些），而你没有取得任何成就来证明它的存在，唯独留下遗憾，留下一面后视镜，上面写满了“本可以做”“本应该做”“本来会做”的事情。 7.(1)Students differ about whether they should have their future mapped out when they are still at university .Some think they should have a definite goal and detailed plan, so as to brace themselves for any challenges, whereas some others think they don’t have to think much about the future , because future is full of uncertainties. （2）After a very careful check-up ,the scientist was told he had got a fatal disease .Although he knew that his life was ticking away ,instead of complaining about the fate ,the scientist decided to make the best of the remaining days ,and speed up the research project he and his colleagues initiated ,and have a shot at completing it ahead of schedule.

新编大学英语综合教程1-unit4

Unit 4 Fresh Start In-Class Reading Fresh Start 新的开端 1当我父母开车离去，留下我可怜巴巴地站在停车场上时，我开始寻思我在校园里该做什么。我决定我最想做的就是平安无事地回到宿舍。我感到似乎校园里的每个人都在看着我。我打定主意：竖起耳朵，闭上嘴巴，但愿别人不知道我是新生。 2第二天早上我找到了上第一堂课的教室，大步走了进去。然而，进了教室，我又碰到了一个难题。坐哪儿呢？犹豫再三，我挑了第一排边上的一个座位。3“欢迎你们来听生物101 课，”教授开始上课。天哪，我还以为这里是文学课呢！我的脖子后面直冒冷汗，摸出课程表核对了一下教室——我走对了教室，却走错了教学楼。 4怎么办？上课途中就站起来走出去？教授会不会生气？大家肯定会盯着我看。算了吧。我还是稳坐在座位上，尽量使自己看起来和生物专业的学生一样认真。 5下了课我觉得有点饿，便赶忙去自助食堂。我往托盘里放了些三明治就朝座位走去，就在这时，我无意中踩到了一大滩番茄酱。手中的托盘倾斜了，我失去了平衡。就在我屁股着地的刹那间，我看见自己整个人生在眼前一闪而过，然后终止在大学上课的第一天。 6摔倒后的几秒钟里，我想要是没有人看见我刚才的窘相该有多好啊。但是，食堂里所有的学生都站了起来，鼓掌欢呼，我知道他们不仅看见了刚才的情景，而且下决心要我永远都不会忘掉这一幕。 7接下来的三天里，我独自品尝羞辱，用以果腹的也只是些从宿舍外的售货机上买来的垃圾食品。到了第四天，我感到自己极需补充一些真正意义上的食物。也许三天时间已经足以让校园里的人把我忘在脑后了。于是我去了食堂。 8我好不容易排队取了食物，踮脚走到一张桌子前坐下。突然我听到一阵熟悉的“哗啦”跌倒声。抬头看见一个可怜的家伙遭遇了和我一样的命运。当人们开始像对待我那样鼓掌欢呼的时候，我对他满怀同情。他站起身，咧嘴大笑，双手紧握高举在头顶上，做出胜利的姿势。我料想他会像我一样溜出食堂，可他却转身重新盛一盘食物。就在那一刻，我意识到我把自己看得太重了。

全新版大学英语综合教程3(课后)完全版

懦夫总有疯狂的一天。 Unit One Changes in the Way We Live Text A Content Questions ( P10 ) Write and live on a farm. Because they grow nearly all of their fruits and vegetables. They have enough eggs, honey and wood. They are very close to nature and can enjoy the beautiful scenery. Besides, they can go skiing and skating in winter. No. Sometimes the good life can get pretty tough. They were buried under five feet of snow from December through March. When the first spring came, it brought two floods. The second flood refers to the good harvest in the growing season. He decided to quit his job and start to freelance. He has to crawl into black bear dens for “Sports Illustrated”, hitch up dogsled racing teams for “Smithsonian”magazine, check out the Lake Champlain “monster”for “Science Digest”, and canoe through the Boundary Waters Wilderness area of Minnesota for “Destinations”. As for insurance, they have only bought a poor man’s major-medical policy and the policy on their two cars. They cut back their expenses without appreciably lowering their standard of living. For example, they patronize local restaurants instead of more expensive

新标准大学英语综合教程3 6-10单元 课后答案

Active reading (1) Last man down: the fireman’s story Language points 1 Last man down: the fireman’s story (Title) The expression last man down, similar to last man standing, refers to the survivor or winner. The last man down from the tower before it collapsed would be one of the bravest. 2 There were about two dozen of us by the bank of elevators ... (Para 2) A bank of elevators means a set of lifts. 3 Some had their turnout coats off, or tied around their waists. (Para 2) Turnout coats are the uniform firefighters wear when they turn out for a fire. 4 Others were raring to go. (Para 2) The expression raring to go is an old form of rearing up, and means being eager to go like a horse. 5 All of us were taking a beat to catch our breaths, and our bearings, figure out what the hell was going on. (Para 2) To take a beat means to rest for a moment. A bearing is an exact compass reading measured in degrees. To take your bearings is to find where you are. Here it means both physically and mentally. 6 We’d been at this thing, hard, for almost an hour, some a little bit less, and we were nowhere close to done. (Para 2) To be at this thing is a slang expression which means to work on this mission. The expression nowhere close to done means someone is far from completing their

新编大学英语综合教程3第三版unit9music

1. Complete each of the following sentences with an appropriate form of the word in brackets. 1. (attention) Correct answer inattention 2. (qualify) Correct answer qualified Correct answer Navigation 4. Correct answer participants 5. Correct answer unconscious 6. Correct answer competence 7. Correct answer inequalities 8. morning. (request) Correct answer

requested 9. Correct answer varied 10. Correct answer partners 2. Fill in each of the blanks with an appropriate preposition or adverb. 11. Correct answer in 12. Correct answer of 13. Correct answer to 14. accident. Correct answer at 15. Correct answer beyond 16.

Your answer Correct answer from from 17. Your answer Correct answer to to 18. Your answer Correct answer on on 19. Your answer Correct answer in in Your answer Correct answer On On 3. Complete each of the following sentences by choosing the best answer from the choices given. 21. The buses, ___________ were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd. A. most of which B. both of which C. few of them D. those of which 22. There's only one man ____________ the job. A. qualified for

大学英语综合教程3第三版答案

大学英语综合教程3第三版答案

大学英语综合教程3第三版答案 【篇一：新标准大学英语综合教程3答案(全版)】 >unit1 active reading(1) 4. b c c d c a 5.productive attendance resistance ambitious acceptance script impressive 6.attendance ambitious productive impressive resistance script acceptance 7.mortgage deck surf coastal;defy lengthy 8.b a b b b a b b active reading(2) 4.triple cemetery rear biography cram budding finite elapse 5.elapsed;cemetery rear;crammed triple budding;biography finite 6.a b a a b b a a 7.a b b a a b b b a language in use 6.(1)我们都觉得在校时间不多了，以后再也不会有这样的学习机会了，所以都下定决心不再虚度光阴。当然，下一年四五月份的期末考试最为重要。我们谁都不想考全班倒数第一，那也太丢人了，因此同学们之间的竞争压力特别大。以前每天下午5点以后，图书馆就空无

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2 1 Swooping in on a shorter woman, the sailor kissed her. 2 Acting impulsively and aiming accurately, he commanded that the camera’s shutter close at the most poignant moment. 3 Grabbing the viewer’s attention, the photo never seems to let go. 4 Closing her eyes, she was content to remain unaware of her pursuer’s identity. 5 Never knowing the truth, they glossed over the war’s miseries and romanticized life. 6 One assumes that the couple will live in a split-level home, driving big cars and producing lots of children. 3 1 Regardless of the task set by the magazine which employed him, the photographer always managed to get the best picture. 2 He kept looking for the photo, regardless of the crowds. 3 Regardless of how perfectly the pose of the sailor and the woman was arranged, he didn’t have to set up this shot. 4 Regardless of the facts, people know that life will be good from now on. 5 Regardless of what people still remember of photos in the past, this one reminds us that we felt better as a nation and as individuals. 5 1 marvel at 2 popular appeal 3 highly-/full- /well-qualified 4 perceived…as 5 exceeded…expectations Translation 6 《格尔尼卡》是西班牙艺术家巴勃罗·毕加索1937年为抗议轰炸西班牙北部一个小村庄而作的一幅巨型壁画。这幅大型壁画高3.49米，宽7.76米，展示了暴力和混乱给人和动物带来的苦难以及对建筑物的破坏。令人吃惊的是，整个壁画的色调由灰、黑、白组成，没有用鲜艳的红色来表现血腥的场面，但恐怖的景象却历历在目。画面上的人物并非用写实主义的画法来表现，而是采用立体派和抽象派的画法，但无辜平民惨遭屠杀的惨象却一目了然：一位母亲怀抱死婴，张嘴尖叫，她仰面朝天，伤心欲绝；一位士兵横尸地上，手里还紧握着一把断剑；另外三个人也都处于震惊和痛苦之中。画面中的动物——包括一匹受伤的马和一只哭泣的鸟——也都被描绘成这次屠杀的无辜受害者。毫无疑问，描绘这些扭曲变形的骇人慘象的目的就是让观众感到震惊。这种对人类悲苦惨状的描绘是对战争的残酷和荒谬的深刻控诉。 7 In the Mogao Caves in Dunhuang, the murals with “flying apsaras”are one of the most well-known artefacts. The flying apsaras in the Dunhuang Grotto Murals are a product of the intermixing of Indian and Chinese culture. In India, flying celestial beings called “flying apsaras” appear mostly in murals in Buddhist caves, while in the