综合英语(二)上册课文翻译及详解

Lesson One

Twelve Things l Wish They Taught at School

Carl Sagan

Learning Guide

学校要是教给我们这12种本领就好了卡尔·萨根

俗话说：“活到老，学到老。”人的一生就是不断学习、不断丰富和充实自己的过程。青少年阶段，尤其是中学阶段，无疑是学习的最佳时期。中学教育的重点应放在什么地方？美国著名科学家和科普作家萨根批评中学只抓各个学科具体内容的做法，他认为中学要注重对青少年的宏观教育，使他们建立起唯物的世界观和宇宙观，使他们能够正确对待自己，关心周围的世界——人类生存的环境和自己的地球同胞。

1 I attended junior and senior high school, public institutions in New York and New

Jersey, just after the Second World War. It seems a long time ago. ①二战刚结束，我在纽约和新泽西的公立学校上了初中和高中。现在想来似乎是很久远的事了。The facilities and the skills of the teachers were probably well above average for the United States at that time.Since then, I've learned a great deal. 学校的设施、教师的水平在当时的美国大大高于一般水准。因而，那时的我可以说是受益匪浅。One of the most important things I've learned is how much there is to learn, ②and how much I don't yet know.③Sometimes I think how grateful I would be today if I had learned more back then about what really matters. 我所学到的最重要的一点，就是要学的东西实在是太多，而我还没有学到的东西也太多。有时候，我想那时要是能学点真正重要的东西，今天我会多么地心存感激。In some respects that education was terribly narrow; the only thing I ever heard in school about Napoleon was that the United States made the

Louisiana Purchase from him.在有些方面，当时的教育十分狭窄；关于拿破仑，在学校里我所学到的仅仅是美国从他手里买下路易斯安那。④(On a planet where some 95% of the inhabitants are not Americans, the only history that was thought worth teaching was American history.在一个约95％的居民不是美国人的星球上，学校当局认为只有美国历史才值得讲授。) In spelling, grammar, the fundamenta ls of math, and other vital

subjects, my teachers did a pretty good job. But there's so much else I wish they'd taught us.在拼写、语法、数学基础知识以及其他重要的学科的教授上，我的老师们做得相当不错。但是还有许多其他的东西，我曾希望他们教授给我。

①The facilities and skills of the teachers were probably well above

average for the United States at that time.

学校的设施、教师的水平在当时的美国大大高于一般的水平。

above/ average：高于或低于一般的标准水平。well：adv 相当地，大

大地

The facilities and skills of the teachers were perhaps much better

than those in most schools in….

②…..how much I don't yet know.

我所学到的最重要的一点，就是要学的东西实在太多，而我还没有学

到的东西也太多了。

how much I don't know up till now.

③Sometimes I think how grateful I would be today if I had learned more

back then about what really matters.

有时候，我想那时要是能多学点真正的东西，今天我会多么地心存感

激。

I would be grateful today if I had learned more at high school about things that are really important.

④On a planet where some 95% of the inhabitants are not Americans, the only history that was thought worth teaching was American history.

在一个约95%的居民不是美国人的星球上，学校当局认为只有美国历

史才值得讲授（这里作者委婉地批评了美国教育部门的狭隘与偏见）

where some 95% of the inhabitants are not Americans：是定语从句，

修饰a planet

that was thought worth teaching：也是定语从句，修饰the only history

The population of the US accounts for only about 5% of that of the

world. But in my high school days school taught American history only because

it was thought that the history of other countries was not important for

Americans to learn.

2 ①Perhaps all the deficiencies have since been rectified. It seems to me there are many things或许该教而没教的缺陷自那以后已经得以纠正。照我看来似乎有许多东西(②often more a matter of attitude and perception than the simple memorization of facts主要是态度问题、认识问题，而不是简单的对事实记忆的问题) that the schools should teach — things that truly would be useful in later life, useful in making a stronger country and a better world, but useful also in making people happier. 学校应当教授——那些在以后的生活中真正有用的东西，即那些能使国家更强大、世界更美好，也能使人们更幸福的东西。Human beings enjoy learning.③That's one of the few things that we do better than the other species on our planet.人类乐于学习。这是我们人类比这个星球上其它物种做得好些的为数有限的几件事中的一件。④Every student should regularly experience the "Aha!" — when something you never understood, or something you never knew was a mystery, becomes clear.每个学生都应该经常体验一下说出“啊，原来是这么一回事！”时的感受——也就是你以往不懂的或是不知道自己不懂的事情，一下子变得豁然开朗时的感受。

3 So here's my list:下面就是我列出的方法:

①Perhaps all the deficiencies have since been rectified.

或许该教而没教的缺陷自那以后已经得以纠正。

deficiencies：缺乏，缺少，不足

Perhaps schools have overcome all the shortcomings and improved greatly since I left school.

② ...often more a matter of attitude and perception than the simple memorization of facts...

（该教的）主要是态度问题、认识问题，而不是简单的对事实记忆的

问题。

matter：（讨论、考虑等问题）

more + 名词+ than + 名词：与其说……不如说是……

Students should not merely be taught facts to memorize, but they

should also be taught to cultivate their ability to judge what is happening around them and take the right attitude towards this.

③That's one of the few things that we do better than the other species on

our planet.

这是我们人类比这个地球上其他物种做得好得多的为数有限的几件事

中的一件。

In most things man's fellow creatures on earth are better, but in

learning man does better.

④Every student should regularly experience the "Aha!" ----when

something you never understood, or thing you never knew was a mystery, becomes clear.

每个学生都应该经常体验一下说出：“啊，原来是这么一回事！”时的感受——也就是你以往不懂的或是不知道自己不懂的事情，一下子变得豁然开朗时

的感受。

Students should be constantly learning new things so that they can experience the joy of learning and of discovering things they didn't know or understand before.

Pick a difficult thing and learn it well.挑一件难事，从中学习

4 The Greek philosopher Socrates said this was one of the greatest

of human joys,and it is. While you learn a little bit about many subjects,

make sure you learn a great deal about one or two.希腊哲学家苏格拉底

曾经说过这是人类最大的乐趣之一，确实也是如此。与其涉足多门学科而

略知一二，不如选其一两个学科学深学透。It hardly matters what the

subject is, as long as it deeply interests you, and you place it in its broader human context.只要你对所选的课题感兴趣，只要你的研究不脱离课题本身更为广阔的人文环境，你的课题是什么并不重要。After you teach yourself one subject, you become much

more confident about your ability to teach yourself another. You gradually find you've acquired a key skill. 教会你自己一个课题以后，你就会对教授你自己另一课题的能力更加充满信心。你会逐渐发现你已获得了一种主要技能。The world is changing so rapidly that you must continue to teach yourself throughout your life. ①But don't get trapped by the first subject that interests you, or the first thing you find yourself good at. 世界的变化日新月异，你必须在一生中不断地教授你自己。但不要沉溺于你感兴趣的或你擅长的第一门学科而止步不前。②The world is full of wonder s, and some of them we don't discover until we're all grown up. Most of them, sadly, we never discover.这个世界充满了奇妙的事物，有些我们完全长大成人之后才会发现；很遗憾，大部分我们一辈子也发现不了。

①But don't get trapped by the first subject that interest you, or the first

thing you find yourself good at.

But you shouldn't limit your study to anything that attracts you immediately or anything you first find yourself good at

②The world is full of wonder, and some of them we don't discover until

we are all grown up. Most of them sadly, we never discover.

这个世界充满奇妙的事物，有些我们完全长大成人之后就会发现；很

遗憾，大部分我们一辈子也发现不了。

为了强调，宾语some of them及Most of them都挪到了主语和动词的

前面。

The world is full of wonderful things, and even adults can only find out some of them.

Don't be afraid to ask "stupid" questions.不要害怕问“愚蠢的”问题

5 Many apparently naive inquiries like why grass is green, or why the Sun is round, or why we need 55,000 nuclear weapons in the world — are really deep questions. ①The answers can be a gateway to real insights.许多明显幼稚的提问其实是很深刻的问题，诸如草为何是绿的，太阳为何是圆的，为什么我们的世界需要55000个核武器。对这些问题的回答很可能会使你对事物有深刻的理解。It's also important to

know, as well as you can, what it is that you don't know, and asking questions is the way. 尽可能明确你有哪些事情不明同样也很重要，提问题就是找出不懂之处的办法。To ask "stupid" questions requires courage on the part of the asker and knowledge and patience on the part of the answerer. ②And don't confine your learning to schoolwork. Discuss ideas in depth with friends. ③It's much braver to ask questions even when there's a prospect of ridicule than to suppress your questions and become deadened to the world around you.提“愚蠢的”问题，对于提问者来说需要勇气，对答问者来说需要知识和耐心。不要把自己的学习局限于课堂。与朋友深入地讨论观点或想法。明知会引起嘲笑而提问要比把问题埋在心里、对周围的一切变得麻木不仁要勇敢得多

①The answers can be a gateway to real insights.

对这些问题的回答很可能会使你对事物有深刻的理解。

gateway to：通向……的路径；获得……的手段。

You'll possibly give a deep understanding of things while trying to find answers to those stupid questions.

②And don't confine your learning to schoolwork.

不要把自己的学习局限于课堂。

Don't limit your learning to schoolwork.

③It's much braver to ask questions even when there's a prospect of

ridicule than to suppress your questions and become deadened to the world around you.

明知会引起嘲笑而提问要比把问题埋在心里、对周围的一切麻木不仁

要勇敢得多。

deaden sb to sth ：使某人对……不敏感。

become deadened to sth ：对……变得不敏感或麻木不仁。

Asking questions when you know that you might be laughed at

requires courage. But this is braver than keeping your questions to yourself

and gradually become unable to notice what is happening around you.

Listen carefully.仔细倾听

6 ①Many conversations are a kind of competition that rarely leads to discovery on either side. 很多情况下人们谈活时，总是争相表现自己，这类交谈对双方都无多大益处。When people are talking, don't spend the time thinking about what you're going to say next. Instead, ②try to understand what they're saying, what experience is behind their remark s, what you can learn from or about them.当别人在谈话时，不要费时去思考自己接下来打算说什么，而是设法搞懂他们说的是什么，什么样的经历才使他们说这些话，你从这些话中能学到什么，你对说这些话的人又能了解到什么情况等。Older people have grown up in a world very different from yours, one you may not know very well. They, and people from other parts of the country and from other nations, have important perspective s that can enrich your life.老年人所经历的世界与你所经历的截然不同，你也许对其知之甚少。老年人及来自其他地方和其他国家的人们有可以丰富你的生活的十分重要的对事物的看法。

①Many conversations are a kind of competition that rarely leads to

discovery on either side.

很多情况下人们谈话时，总是争相表现自己，这类交谈对双方都无

多大益处。

Often, when people talk they show off: they try to show they are smarter, or that they know more than the person they are talking to; this

kind of conversation gives you useful information or understanding.

②try to understand…..what you can learn from or about them.

而是设法搞懂他们说的是什么，什么样的经历才使得他们说这些

话，你从这些话中你能学到什么，你对说这些话的人又能了解到什么情况等。

这里作者使用了排比的手法：用三个what引出的从句作

understand的宾语。

try to learn something from what they say, or try to find out the

kind of person they are.

Everybody makes mistakes.人人都会犯错误

7 Everybody's understanding is incomplete. Be open to correction, and learn to correct your own mistakes. The only embarrassment is in not learning from your mistakes. 每个人对事物的理解都是不全面的。要乐于接受改正，学会纠正自己的错误。你应该感到丢人的倒是没有从错误中吸取教训。

Know your planet.了解你所处的星球

8 It's the only one we have. Learn how it works. We're changing the atmosphere, the surface, the waters of the Earth, ①often for some short-term advantage when the long-term implication s are unknown. ②.这是我们仅有的一个星球。要了解它是如何运作的。我们往往为了短期的利益，在尚不了解（这些做法）长远影响的情况下，正在改变大气层、改变地球的表面以及地球的水系。The citizens of any country should have at least something to say about the direction in which we're going. ③If we don't understand the issues, we abandon the future.任何一个国家的公民至少对我们人

类要走向何处都有发言权。如果我们不理解这些问题，我们就是放弃未来。

① ...often for some short-term advantage when the long term implications

are unknown.

往往为了短期的利益，在尚不了解的长远影响的情况下。

often for some quick profit now, when you don't know possible harm or danger might arise in the future.

②The citizens of any country should have at least something to say about

the direction in which we are doing.

任何一个国家的公民至少对我们人类要走向何处有发言权。

All people in the world have the right at least to express their views on

the future of our planet.

③If we don't understand the issues, we abandon the future.

如果我们不能理解这些问题，我们就是放弃未来。

If we don't realize the seriousness of the problems we are facing,

there'll be no hope for the human race.

Science and technology.科学与技术

9 You can't know your planet unless you know something about science and technology. School science courses, I remember, concentrate d on the unimportant parts of science, leaving the major insights almost untouched. 除非你了解科学与技术，否则你不会了解你所在的星球。我记得学校的科学课程专讲科学的次要方面，而对科学的深层含义几乎只字不提。The great discoveries in modern science are also great discoveries of the human spirit. For example, Copernicus showed that —far from being the center of the universe, about which the Sun, the Moon, the planets, and the stars revolved in clockwise homage— the Earth is just one of many small worlds. ①This is a deflation of our pretension s, to be sure, but it is also the opening up to our view of a vast and awesome universe. 现代科学的每项重大发现同时也是对人类精神的重大发现。例如，哥白尼证明地球根本不是什么太阳、月亮及其他行星和星球按顺时针方向绕其转动的宇宙中心，它只不过是许多小小世界当中的一个而已。这当然煞了我们人类的自命不凡的傲气，但是同时（哥白尼的学说）也开阔了我们的眼界，使我们看到一个漫无边际的、令人敬畏的宇宙。Every high school graduate should have some idea of the insights of Copernicus, Newton, Darwin, Freud, and Einstein. (Einstein's special theory of relativity, far from being obscure and exceptionally difficult, can be understood in its basics with no more than first-year algebra, and the notion of a rowboat in a river going upstream and downstream. )每个高中毕业生都应对哥白尼、牛顿、达尔文、弗洛伊德以及爱因斯坦的深刻思想有所了解。（爱因斯坦的狭义相对论并不晦涩，也不是特别难懂，只要有一年级的几何知识和在河中划艇逆流而上和顺流而下的概念，其基本原理就完全可以弄懂。）

①This is a deflation of our pretensions, to be sure....

这当然煞了我们人类的自命不凡的傲气，但是同时（哥白尼的学说）

也开阔了我们的眼界，使我们看到一个漫无边际、令人敬畏的宇宙。

Undoubtedly, to accept the fact that the earth is not the center of the

universe is to shatter the importance of human beings.

Don't spend your life watching TV.不要终生沉迷在电视上

10 You know what I'm talking about. 你当然知道我在说什么。

Culture.文化

11 ①Gain some exposure to the great works of literature, art and music. ②If such

a work is hundreds or thousands of years old and is still admired, there is probably something to it.感受一下文学、艺术和音乐名篇的熏陶，既然一部作品已存在了几百年或是几千年，今天仍然受到赞赏，那么大概它确实是有些名堂。Like all deep experiences,③it may take a little work on your part to discover what all the fuss is about. But once you make the effort, your life has changed; you've acquired a source of enjoyment and excitement for the rest of your days. 要搞清楚人们到底为什么对这些作品还如此热衷，你就得下点功夫，一切感人至深的经历莫不如此。但是一旦你付出努力，你的生活就会得到改变；你就会获得你余生可享受到的快乐与兴奋的源泉。④In a world as tightly connected as ours is, don't restrict your attention to American or Western culture. Learn how and what people else where think. Learn something of their history, their religion, their viewpoints.在我们所处的联系如此紧密的一个世界里，不要仅仅沉迷于美国或西方文化之中，要了解其他地方的人们是如何想的，想些什么。了解他们的历史、他们的宗教以及他们的观点。

①Gain some exposure to the great works of literature, art and music.

感受一下文艺、艺术和音乐名篇的熏陶。

exposure to：接触……，感受……的熏陶，受到……的影响。

Read the great works of literature, and get to know art and music and

gain some insight into the profound thoughts in them.

②If such a work is hundreds or thousands of years old and is still admired, there is probably something to it.

既然一部作品以存在了几百年或是几千年，今天仍然受到赞赏，那么

大概它确实是有些名堂。

If a work was brought out hundreds or thousands of years ago and is still appreciated, there must be something special in it.

③ ...it may take a little work on your part to discover what all the fuss is about.

要搞清楚人们到底为什么对这些作品还如此热衷，你就得下点功夫，一切感人至深的经历莫不如此。

you have to make some effort to find out why people admire and are crazy about those works of the past.

④In a world as tightly connected as ours is, don't restrict your attention to American or Western culture.

In our age, countries and regions are closely related; what happens in one country or region can affect others. Therefore we should not only study American culture and Western culture. We should also pay attention to other cultures---Asian, African and Latin American.

Compassion.同情

12 Many people believe that we live in an extraordinarily

selfish time. But there is a hollowness, a loneliness that

comes from living only for yourself. Humans are capable of

great mutual compassion, love, and tenderness. These feelings, however, need encouragement to grow.许多人认为我们生活在一个异常自私的时代。如果你仅为自己活着，那你就会感到空虚、感到孤独。人是能够相互同情、相互热爱、相互关心的。但是，这些感情需要鼓励才能不断增强。

13 Look at the delight a one- or two-year-old takes in learning, and you see how powerful is the human will to learn. ①Our passion to understand the universe and our

compassion for others jointly provide the chief hope for the human race. 如果你看到一个一两岁的孩子学做一件事时的乐趣，你就会明白人类学习的意志有多么坚强了。我们有渴望了解宇宙的热忱，我们有对他人的同情心，人类的希望主要寄托于此。

①Our passion to understand the universe and our compassion for others

jointly provide the chief hope for the human race.

我们有渴望了解宇宙的热忱，我们有对他人的同情心，人类的希望主要寄托于此。

We have a strong desire for learning and we are kind and tender towards one another. With these two fine qualities, the human race will have a bright future./ The hope for the human race lies mainly in our enthusiasm

about the universe and our profound sympathy for others.

Lesson Two

Icons

Learning Guide

提起一位获得诺贝尔奖的华人物理学家的名字，今天的青少年恐怕很多人会感到陌

生，无话可说，可是谈起当红歌星、球星，他们则是津津乐道。当今国内外的明星大腕被少男少女们一个个奉为偶像。君不见，追星族们为求得偶像的签名，可以在瓢泼大雨中等待半天，为一睹偶像的风采，可以大打出手破门而入。三四十年前青年人崇拜的科学家和英雄人物已被视为昨日黄花，中外都是如此。这种价值观的变化引起了社会学家和教育家的忧虑，他们指出星们、腕儿们只不过是媒体尤其是电视炒作的产物。

Heroes and Cultural Icons英雄与文化偶像

Gary Gosggarian 加里·高西加里安

Abraham Lincoln

Martin Luther

King Jr.

Jacqueline

Kennedy

Onassis

Helen Keller

Rosa Parks

1 If you were asked to list ten American heroes and heroin es, you would probably name some or all of the following: George Washington, Abraham Lincoln, Daniel Boone, Martin Luther King Jr., Amelia Earhart, Susan B. Anthony, Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis, Helen Keller, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, and Rosa Parks. 如果让你列举10位美国的英雄人物，下列人物极有可能榜上有名：乔治·华盛顿、亚伯拉罕·林肯、丹尼尔·布恩、马丁·路德·金、埃米利亚·埃尔哈特、苏珊·B·安东尼、杰奎林·肯尼迪·奥纳西、海伦·凯勒、伊丽莎白·卡迪·斯坦顿、以及罗莎·帕克斯。①If next you were asked to list people who are generally admired by society, who somehow seem bigger than life, you might come up with an entirely different list. 如果再让你列举一些在社会上受到普遍欣赏、貌似非凡的人，恐怕你会开列一份全然不同的名单。You might, in fact, name people who are celebrated for their wealth and glamour rather than their achievements and moral strength of character. 事实上，这些人只是因其巨额财富和外在魅力而受到赞赏，而并非由于他们的显著成就与内在人格魅力而得

到世人瞩目。②And you would not be alone, because pollsters have found that people today do not choose political leader s who shape history for their "Most Admired" list, but rather movie and television celebrities, fashion models, professional athlete s, and even comic book and cartoon characters. In short media icons.做出如此选择的绝非你一个人。民间测验表明今天人们已不再选择那些创造了历史的政治领袖作为“最钦佩的人物”，而是选择了影视名人、时装模特、职业运动员、甚至连环画和漫画中的人物。简而言之，选择的都是媒体偶像。

①If next you were……, who somehow seem bigger than life, you might

come up with an entire different list.

如果有人请你列举在社会上受到普遍赞赏、貌似非凡的人，你所列举

的恐怕是完全不同的人。

who somehow appear distinguished from ordinary people.

②And you would not be alone, because pollsters have found that people

today do not choose political leaders who shape history for their "Most Admired"

仅是你一个人提出的这些人，民意调查发现，今天人们不再选择创造

过历史的政治领袖为他们“最钦佩的人物”。

And many other people would list the same kind of people as their

Most "Admired" .

2 ①By definition, heroes and heroines are men and women distinguished by uncommon courage, achievements, and self-sacrifice made most often for the benefit of others —②they are people against whom we measure others. They are men and women recognized for shaping our nation's consciousness and development as well as the lives of those who admire them. 就定义而言，英雄之所以与众不同是由于他们具有非凡的勇气，取得了卓越的成就，常常舍己为人——他们是我们衡量别人的标准。

③Yet, some people say that ours is an age where true heroes and heroines are hard to come by, where the very ideal of heroism is something beyond us— an artifact of the past.但是，有人说，我们生活在一个难以产生真正英雄的时代，我们无法理解英雄主义这个概念到底是什么——它是过去时代的产物。Some maintain that because the Cold War is over and because America is at peace our age is essentially an unheroic one. 有人坚持认为，由于冷战结束，由于美国正处在和平时期，因此我们这个时代基本上不是一个英雄豪壮的时代。Furthermore, the overall crime rate is down, poverty has been eased by a strong and growing economy, and advances continue to be

made in medical science. 此外，我们这个时代犯罪率总体下降，日益强大的经济实力使国内的贫困状况得到缓解，医学科学也在不断发展进步。④Consequently, bereft of cultural heroes, we have latched onto cultural icon s —media superstars such as actors, actresses, sports celebrities, television personali ties, and people ⑤who are

simply famous for being famous.因此，由于缺失了民族文化的英雄，我们便迷上了通俗文化的偶像——那些如演员、运动明星、电视明星的媒体巨星以及那些只是因为有名而成名的人。

①They are people who manage to transcend celebrity, who are legendary, who somehow manage to become mythic.给通俗文化偶像下定义更难。但我们会一眼识出他们。他们已经超越名流，成为传奇式人物，或者不知何故已经成了神话式的人物。But what makes some figures icons and others mere celebrities? That's hard to answer. ②In part, their lives have the quality of a story. For instance, the beautiful young Diana Spencer who at 19 married a prince, bore a king, renounced marriage and the throne, and died at the moment she found true love.究竟是哪些因素使有些人成为偶像，另一些人仅成了名流了呢？这个问题很难回答。部分原因是因为他们的生平带有故事的传奇色彩。举个例子，年青貌美的戴安娜·斯宾塞19岁时嫁给了王子，生下了小王子，后声明放弃婚姻与王位，然而在找到真爱之时却死于非命。③Good looks certainly help. ④So does a special indefinable charisma, with the help of the media. But nothing be comes an icon more than a tragic and early death — such as Martin Luther King Jr. ,

John F. Kennedy, and Princess Diana.长相漂亮当然有用。借助媒体炒作也来的那种难以描述的特殊的个人魅力也同样有用。然而悲剧性的英年早逝却是造就偶像最重要的因素，如马丁·路德金、约翰·F·肯尼迪以及戴安娜王妃。

Being Somebody当名人

Donna Wool folk Cross唐娜·伍尔福克·克罗萨

4 One hundred years ago, people became famous for what they had achieved. Men like J.P. Morgan, E. H. Harriman and Jay Gould were all notable achievers. So were Thomas Edison, Mark Twain, and Susan B. Anthony.百年以前，人们因其所做出的成就而出名，像J.P.摩根，E.H.哈里曼和杰·古尔德等人都是著名的事业有成之人；托马斯·爱迪生，马克·吐温以及苏珊·B·安东尼也是大有作为之士。

5 ①Their accomplishment s are still evident in our own day. ②Today's celebrities,

however, often do not become known for any enduring achievement. The people we

most admire today are usually those who are most highly publicized by the media.

即使今天，他们的成就依然显而易见。当今，人们成名往往不是因为他们做出了什么意义深远的成就。今天我们最崇拜的人物通常是那些被媒体频频炒作、最出风头之流。

6 In 1981, a Gallup poll revealed that Nancy Reagan was the nation's "most admired woman." ①The year before, that distinction went to President Carter's wife, Rosalynn. In fact, the wife of the current president is always one of the nation's most admired women. Today's celebrities, as the writer Daniel Boorstin says, are "people well-known for their well-knownness."1981年，一项盖洛普民意测验表明南希·里根是全国“最受爱戴的女人”。在那一年前，这项殊荣属于卡特总统夫人罗莎琳。事实上，现任总统夫人总会成为全国最受爱戴的女人。正如作家丹尼尔·布尔斯廷所说，今天的名人是“因为有名而成名的人”

As Boorstin says, "①The hero was distinguished by his accomplishment; the celebrity by his image or trademark. ②The hero created himself; the celebrity is created by the

media. ③The hero was a big man; the celebrity is a big name."要想成名得有运气，而不是成绩。正如布尔斯廷所说：“英雄因其成就而出众，而名流则凭他们的形象或特征而出名。英雄凭借自己的实力，而名人要靠媒体的炒作。英雄是了不起的人物，而名流则是了不起的名声。”

8 There is another distinction: ①heroes inspire respect; celebrities inspire envy. Few of us believe we could be another Jonas Salk or Eleanor Roosevelt, but we could be another TV star like Telly Savalas or Suzanne Somers. ②Except for the attention they get from the media, these people are exactly like us.另外一种区别是英雄令人尊敬，而名流引人嫉妒。我们中没有什么人会认为自己能成为第二个乔纳斯·索尔克或是第二个埃莉诺·罗斯福。但是我们能成为一个像特莉·萨瓦拉斯或苏珊娜·萨默斯那样的电视明星。要是没有媒体的关注，这些人和我们完全一样。

of the century. It was closely tied to the rise of new forms of media— first photography, and later moving pictures, radio and television.由英雄崇拜到名流崇拜的转变始于本世纪初。这种转变与新兴的传媒方式的出现密切相关——首先是摄影，继而是电影、收音机与电视。For the first time, Americans could see and recognize their heroes. ①Previously, men like Gould and Harriman, whose names everyone knew, could easily have passed through a crowd without being recognized. 美国人平生第一次亲眼目睹了他们心目中的英雄。以前，像古尔德和哈里曼这们的家喻户晓的人物很可能穿过人群而不会被认出来。②The reproduction of photos in newspapers turned famous people into celebrities whose dress, appearance, and personal habits were widely commented upon. Slowly, the focus of public attention began to shift away from

knowing what such people did to knowing what they looked like.报纸上照片的出现使得名人成为名流。他们的衣着、外貌以及举止成了人们广为评论的对象。公众的注意力逐渐地由了解这些人做些什么转移到了解他们长的是什么样子。

综合英语(一)课文及翻译

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(完整版)高级英语第二册课文翻译

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学术综合英语(罗立胜)1-6单元课文翻译

human creations, language may be the most remarkable. Through language we share experience, values, exchange ideas, transmit knowledge, and sustain culture. Indeed, language is vital to sense of reality by giving meaning to events. 在人类所有的创造中，语言也许是影响最为深远的。我们用语言来分享经验，表达(传递？)价值观，交换想法，传播知识，传承文化。事实上，对语言本身的思考也是至关重要的。和通常所认为的不同的是，语言并不只是简单地反映现实，语言在具体描述事件的时候也在帮助我们建立对现实的感知。——语序的调整。 Good speakers have respect for language and know how it works. Words are the tools of a speaker?s craft. They have special uses, just like the tools of any other profession. As a speaker, you should be aware of the meaning of words and know how to use language accurately, clearly,vividly,and appropriately. 好的演讲者对语言很重视，也知道如何让它发挥更好的效果。词语是演讲者演讲的重要“武器”，具有特殊的用途，这和任何其他的工作技艺没什么两样。作为演讲者，必须知道词语的具体含义，也要懂得如何做到用词准确、清晰、生动、适当。 Using language accurately is as vital to a speaker as using numbers accurately to a accountant. Never use a word unless you are sure of its meaning. If you are not sure, look up the word in the dictionary. As you prepare your speeches, ask yourself constantly, “What do I really want to say? What do I really mean?” Choose words that are precise and accurate. 演讲者准确地使用语言和会计准确使用数字是一样重要的。确定词意后再措词。如果不确定，请先查词典。当你在准备演讲的时候，要不断地问自己：“我到底要说什么？我到底想表达什么意思？”用词一定要精准。 Using language clearly allows listeners to grasp your meaning immediately. You can ensure this [by using familiar words （that are known to the average person and require no specialized background）; by choosing concrete words in preference to more abstract ones, and by eliminating verbal clutter]. 用词清晰可以让听众迅速理解你的意思（抓到你的点）。要做到这一点，就要尽量使用一般人都熟悉的不需要专业知识就能懂的词语；多用具象词汇少用抽象词汇；还有要减少口误。 Using language vividly helps bring your speech to life. One way (to make your speech vivid)|is through imagery，or the creation of word pictures. You can develop imagery by using concrete language, simile, and metaphor. Simile is an explicit comparison between things （that are essentially different yet have something in common）; it always contains the words “like”or “as”. Metaphor is an impli cit comparison between things that are different yet have something in common; it does not contain the words “like” or “as”. 生动地用词能让演讲鲜活起来！比喻，这种能产生文字图像的修辞，可以使演讲达到生动的效果。比喻要用具象的语言，分为明喻和隐喻。 明喻是指在本质上有区别但仍然有相同点的事物之间做一个明确的比较，一般句中会含有“像”或“似”。隐喻则是一种隐藏的比较，不会出现like 和as 这些连接词。 Another way to make your speeches vivid is by exploiting the rhythm of language. Four devices for creating rhythm are parallelism, repetition, alliteration, and antithesis. Parallelism is the similar arrangement of a pair or series of related words, phrases, or sentences. Repetition is the use of the same word or set of words at the beginning or end of successive clauses or sentences. Alliteration comes from repeating the initial constant sounds of close or adjoining words. Antithesis is the juxtaposition of

自考高级英语上册11课课文翻译

Lesson Eleven On Getting off to Sleep谈睡眠 人真是充满矛盾啊! 毫无疑问，幽默是惟一帮助我们摆脱矛盾的办法，要是没有它，我们就会死于烦恼。 What a bundle of contradictions is a man! Surety, humour is the saving grace of us, for without it we should die of vexation. 在我看来，没有什么比睡眠更能说明事物间的矛盾。 With me, nothing illustrates the contrariness of things better than the matter of sleep. 比如，我打算写一篇文章，面前放好了笔、墨和几张白纸，准保没写几个字我就会困得要命，无论当时是几点都会那样。 If, for example, my intention is to write an essay, and 1 have before me ink and pens and several sheets of virgin paper, you may depend upon it that before I have gone very far I feel an overpowering desire for sleep, no matter what time of the day it is. 我瞪着那似乎在谴责我的白纸，直到眼前一片模糊，声音也难以辨清，只有靠意志力才能勉强坚持。 I stare at the reproachfully blank paper until sights and sounds become dim and confused, and it is only by an effort of will that I can continue at all. 即使这时，我也会迷迷糊糊地像在做梦一样继续坚持工作。 Even then, I proceed half-heartedly, in a kind of dream. 但是当深夜躺在床上，我什么事都能干，只有睡觉无法做到。 But let me be between the sheets at a late hour, and I can do any-thing but sleep. 随着时钟一遍一遍的报时，我可以完成大量的文章。 Between chime and chime of the clock I can write essays by the score. 极有吸引力的主题和崇高的思想纷纷出现在脑海，随之而来的还有恰如其分的意象和措辞。Fascinating subjects and noble ideas come pell-mell, each with its appropriate imagery and expression. 除了笔、墨和纸，什么也不能阻止我写出半打不朽的杰作。 Nothing stands between me and half-a-dozen imperishable masterpieces but pens, ink, and paper. 如果，我们的思想和主观意象对于来世的人来说真的就像我们的书本和图片一样是有形的、摸得着的，那么我在来世会比在今生获得更高的声誉。 If it be true that our thoughts and mental images are perfectly tangible things, like our books and pictures, to the inhabitants of the next world, then I am making for myself a better reputation there than I am in this place. 只要我躺在床上有一两个小时睡不着觉，我就能令自己满意地解决人类一切的疑虑。 Give me a restless hour or two in bed and I can solve, to my own satisfaction, all the doubts of humanity. 如果我有兴致的话，我可以谱写出宏伟的交响乐，描绘出壮丽的画卷。 When I am in the humour I can compose grand symphonies, and paint magnificent pictures. 我就是莎士比亚、贝多芬和米开朗基罗。但这一切仍无法令我满意，因为我还是无法入睡。

《高级英语》课文逐句翻译(12)

《高级英语》课文逐句翻译（12） 我为什么写作 Lesson 12：Why I Write 从很小的时候，大概五、六岁，我知道长大以后将成为一个作家。 From a very early age，perhaps the age of five or six，I knew that when I grew up I should be a writer. 从15到24岁的这段时间里，我试图打消这个念头，可总觉得这样做是在戕害我的天性，认为我迟早会坐下来伏案著书。 Between the ages of about seventeen and twenty-four I tried to adandon this idea，but I did so with the consciousness that I was outraging my true nature and that sooner or later I should have to settle down and write books. 三个孩子中，我是老二。老大和老三与我相隔五岁。8岁以前，我很少见到我爸爸。由于这个以及其他一些缘故，我的性格有些孤僻。我的举止言谈逐渐变得很不讨人喜欢，这使我在上学期间几乎没有什么朋友。 I was the middle child of three，but there was a gap of five years on either side，and I barely saw my father before I was eight- For this and other reasons I was somewhat lonely，and I soon developed disagreeable mannerisms which made me unpopular throughout my schooldays. 我像一般孤僻的孩子一样，喜欢凭空编造各种故事，和想像的人谈话。我觉得，从一开始，我的文学志向就与一种孤独寂寞、被人冷落的感觉联系在一起。我知道我有驾驭语言的才能和直面令人不快的现实的能力。这一切似乎造就了一个私人的天地，在此天地中我能挽回我在日常生活中的不得意。 I had the lonely child's habit of making up stories and holding conversations with imaginary persons，and I think from the very start my literary ambitions were mixed up with the feeling of being isolated and undervalued. 我知道我有驾驭语言的才能和直面令人不快的现实的能力。这一切似乎造就了一个私人的天地，在此天地中我能挽回我在日常生活中的不得意。 I knew that I had a facility with words and a power of facing unpleasant facts，and I felt that this created a sort of private world in which I could get my own back for my failure 还是一个小孩子的时候，我就总爱把自己想像成惊险传奇中的主人公，例如罗宾汉。但不久，我的故事不再是粗糙简单的自我欣赏了。它开始趋向描写我的行动和我所见所闻的人和事。

新标准大学综合英语2 unit1 课文翻译

NUIT1 大学已经不再特别了 有这么一种说法：“要是你能记得20世纪60年代的任何事情，你就没有真正经历过那段岁月。”对于在大麻烟雾中度过大学时光的那些人，这话可能是真的。但是，20世纪60年代有一件事人人都记得，那就是：上大学是你一生中最激动人心、最刺激的经历。 20世纪60年代，加州的高校把本州变成了世界第七大经济实体。然而，加州大学的主校园伯克利分校也以学生示威、罢课以及激进的政治氛围而著名。1966年，罗纳德?里根竞选加州州长，他问加州是否允许“一所伟大的大学被喧闹的、唱反调的少数人征服。”自由派人士回答说，大学之所以伟大正是因为它们有能力容忍喧闹的、唱反调的少数人。 在欧洲的大学校园里，大学生以新的姿态和激情投入到争取自由和正义的事业中去，大规模的社会主义或共产主义运动引发了他们与当权者之间日益升级的暴力冲突。许多抗议是针对越南战争的。可是在法国，巴黎大学的学生与工会联盟，发动了一场大罢工，最终导致戴高乐总统辞职。 20世纪60年代大学生活的特点并不仅仅是激进的行动。不论在什么地方，上大学都意味着你初次品尝真正自由的滋味，初次品尝深更半夜在宿舍或学生活动室里讨论人生意义的滋味。你往往得上了大学才能阅读你的第一本禁书，看你的第一部独立影人电影，或者找到和你一样痴迷吉米?亨德里克斯或兰尼?布鲁斯的志同道合者。那是一段难以想象的自由时光，你一生中最无拘无束的时光。 可如今那份激情哪儿去了？大学怎么了？现在，政治、社会和创造意识的觉醒似乎不是凭借大学的助力，而是冲破其阻力才发生的。当然，一点不假，高等教育仍然重要。例如，在英国，布莱尔首相几乎实现了到2010年让50％的30岁以下的人上大学的目标（即使愤世嫉俗的人会说，这是要把他们排除在失业统计数据之外）。不过，大学教育已不再是全民重视的话题了。如今，大学被视为人们急于逃离的一种小城镇。有些人辍学，但大多数已经有些麻木，还是坚持混到毕业，因为离开学校实在是太费事了。 没有了20世纪60年代大学生所发现的令人头脑发热的自由气氛，如今的大学生要严肃得多。英国文化协会最近做了一项调查，研究外国留学生在决定上哪所大学时所考虑的因素。这些因素从高到低依次是：课程质量、就业前景、学费负担、人身安全问题、生活方式，以及各种便利。大学已变成实现目的的手段，是在就业市场上增加就业几率的一个机会，上大学本身不再是目的，不再是给你提供一个机会，让你暂时想象一下：你能够改变世界。 童年与大学之间的距离已缩小了，大学与现实世界之间的距离也缩小了。其中的一个原因可能和经济有关。在一个没有保障的世界里，现在的许多孩子依赖父母资助的时间比以前的孩子更长。21世纪的学生大学毕业后根本无法自立门户，因为那太昂贵了。另一个可能的原因是通讯革命。儿子或女儿每学期往家里打一两回电话的日子一去不复返了。如今，大学生通过手机与父母保持着脐带式联系。至于寻找痴迷无名文学或音乐的同道好友，没问题，我们有互联网和聊天室来帮助我们做到这一点。

研究生学术综合英语1-6课课文及翻译

Presenting a speech （做演讲） Of all human creations, language may be the most remarkable. Through 在人类所有的创造中，语言也许是影响最为深远的。我们用语言 language we share experience, formulate values, exchange ideas, transmit 来分享经验，表达(传递？)价值观，交换想法，传播知识， knowledge, and sustain culture. Indeed, language is vital to think itself. 传承文化。事实上，对语言本身的思考也是至关重要的。[Contrary to popular belief], language | does not simply mirror reality but also helps to create our sense of reality [by giving meaning to events]. 和通常所认为的不同的是，语言并不只是简单地反映现实，语言在 具体描述事件的时候也在帮助我们建立对现实的感知。 ——语序的调整。 Good speakers have respect for language and know how it works. Words are the tools of a speaker’s craft. They have special uses, just like the tools of any other profession. As a speaker, you should be aware of the meaning of words and know how to use language accurately, clearly,vividly,and appropriately. 好的演讲者对语言很重视，也知道如何让它发挥更好的效果。词语是演讲者演讲的重要“武器”，具有特殊的用途，这和任何其他的工作技艺没什么两样。作为演讲者，必须知道词语的具体含义，也要懂得如何做到用词准确、清晰、生动、适当。 Using language accurately is as vital to a speaker as using numbers accurately to a accountant. Never use a word unless you are sure of its meaning. If you are not sure, look up the word in the dictionary. As you prepare your speeches, ask yourself constantly, “What do I really want to say? What do I really mean?”Choose words that are precise and accurate. 演讲者准确地使用语言和会计准确使用数字是一样重要的。确定词意后再措词。如果不确定，请先查词典。当你在准备演讲的时候，要不断地问自己：“我到底要说什么？我到底想表达什么意思？”用词一定要精准。 Using language clearly allows listeners to grasp your meaning immediately. You can ensure this [by using familiar words （that are known to the average person and require no specialized background）; by choosing concrete words in preference to more abstract ones, and by eliminating verbal clutter]. 用词清晰可以让听众迅速理解你的意思（抓到你的点）。要做到这一点，就要尽量使用一般人都熟悉的不需要专业知识就能懂的词语；多用具象词汇少用抽象词汇；还有要减少口误。 Using language vividly helps bring your speech to life. One way (to make your speech vivid)|is through imagery，or the creation of word pictures. You can develop imagery by using concrete language, simile, and metaphor. Simile is an explicit comparison between things （that are essentially different yet have something in common）; it always contains the words “like”or “as”. Metaphor is an implicit

(完整版)高级英语2第三版_张汉熙_课文翻译

Unit 1 Pub Talk and the King’s English 人类的一切活动中，只有闲谈最宜于增进友谊，而且是人类特有的一种活动。动物之间的信息交流，不论其方式何等复杂，也是称不上交谈的。 闲谈的引人人胜之处就在于它没有一个事先定好的话题。它时而迂回流淌，时而奔腾起伏，时而火花四射，时而热情洋溢，话题最终会扯到什么地方去谁也拿不准。要是有人觉得“有些话要说”，那定会大煞风景，使闲聊无趣。闲聊不是为了进行争论。闲聊中常常会有争论，不过其目的并不是为了说服对方。闲聊之中是不存在什么输赢胜负的。事实上，真正善于闲聊的人往往是随时准备让步的。也许他们偶然间会觉得该把自己最得意的奇闻轶事选出一件插进来讲一讲，但一转眼大家已谈到别处去了，插话的机会随之而失，他们也就听之任之。 或许是由于我从小混迹于英国小酒馆的缘故吧，我觉得酒瞎里的闲聊别有韵味。酒馆里的朋友对别人的生活毫无了解，他们只是临时凑到一起来的，彼此并无深交。他们之中也许有人面临婚因破裂，或恋爱失败，或碰到别的什么不顺心的事儿，但别人根本不管这些。他们就像大仲马笔下的三个火枪手一样，虽然日夕相处，却从不过问彼此的私事，也不去揣摸别人内心的秘密。 有一天晚上的情形正是这样。人们正漫无边际地东扯西拉，从最普通的凡人俗事谈到有关木星的科学趣闻。谈了半天也没有一个中心话题，事实上也不需要有一个中心话题。可突然间大伙儿的话题都集中到了一处，中心话题奇迹般地出现了。我记不起她那句话是在什么情况下说出来的——她显然不是预先想好把那句话带到酒馆里来说的，那也不是什么非说不可的要紧话——我只知道她那句话是随着大伙儿的话题十分自然地脱口而出的。 “几天前，我听到一个人说‘标准英语’这个词语是带贬义的批评用语，指的是人们应该尽量避免使用的英语。” 此语一出，谈话立即热烈起来。有人赞成，也有人怒斥，还有人则不以为然。最后，当然少不了要像处理所有这种场合下的意见分歧一样，由大家说定次日一早去查证一下。于是，问题便解决了。不过，酒馆闲聊并不需要解决什么问题，大伙儿仍旧可以糊里糊涂地继续闲扯下去。 告诉她“标准英语”应作那种解释的原来是个澳大利亚人。得悉此情，有些人便说起刻薄话来了，说什么囚犯的子孙这样说倒也不足为怪。这样，在五分钟内，大家便像到澳大利亚游览了一趟。在那样的社会里，“标准英语”自然是不受欢迎的。每当上流社会想给“规范英语”制订一些条条框框时，总会遭到下层人民的抵制。 看看撒克逊农民与征服他们的诺曼底统治者之间的语言隔阂吧。于是话题又从19世纪的澳大利亚囚犯转到12世纪的英国农民。谁对谁错，并没有关系。闲聊依旧热火朝天。 有人举出了一个人所共知，但仍值得提出来发人深思的例子。我们谈到饭桌上的肉食时用法语词，而谈到提供这些肉食的牲畜时则用盎格鲁一撒克逊词。猪圈里的活猪叫pig，饭桌上吃的猪肉便成了pork(来自法语pore)；地里放牧着的牛叫cattle，席上吃的牛肉则叫beef(来自法语boeuf)；Chicken用作肉食时变成poultry(来自法语poulet)；calf加工成肉则变成veal(来自法语vcau)。即便我们的菜单没有为了装洋耍派头而写成法语，我们所用的英语仍然是诺曼底式的英语。这一切向我们昭示了诺曼底人征服之后英国文化上所存在的深刻的阶级裂痕。 撒克逊农民种地养畜，自己出产的肉自己却吃不起，全都送上了诺曼底人的餐桌。农民们只能吃到在地里乱窜的兔子。兔子肉因为便宜，诺曼底贵族自然不屑去吃它。因此，活兔子和吃的兔子肉共用rabbit 这个词表示，而没有换成由法语lapin转化而来的某个词。 当我们今天听着有关双语教育问题的争论时，我们应该设身处地替当时的撒克逊农民想一想，新的统治阶级把法语用来对抗撒克逊农民自己的语言，从而在农民周围筑起一道文化障碍。当英国人在像觉醒者赫里沃德这样的撒克逊领袖领导下起来造反时，他们一定深深地感受到了文化上的屈辱。“标准英语”——如果那时候有这个名词的话——已经变成法语。而九百年后我们在美国这儿仍然继承了这种影响。 那晚闲聊过后，第二天一早便有人去查阅了资料。这个名词在16世纪已有人使用过。纳什作于1593年的《截获信函奇闻》中就有过“标准英语”(Queen’s English)的提法。1602年德克写到某人时有句话说：

高级英语1 第二课课文翻译

第二课 广岛——日本“最有活力”的城市 (节选) 雅各?丹瓦“广岛到了!大家请下车!”当世界上最快的高速列车减速驶进广岛车站并渐渐停稳时，那位身着日本火车站站长制服的男人口中喊出的一定是这样的话。我其实并没有听懂他在说些什么，一是因为他是用日语喊的，其次，则是因为我当时心情沉重，喉咙哽噎，忧思万缕，几乎顾不上去管那日本铁路官员说些什么。踏上这块土地，呼吸着广岛的空气，对我来说这行动本身已是一个令人激动的经历，其意义远远超过我以往所进行的任何一次旅行或采访活动。难道我不就是在犯罪现场吗? 这儿的日本人看来倒没有我这样的忧伤情绪。从车站外的人行道上看去，这儿的一切似乎都与日本其他城市没什么两样。身着和服的小姑娘和上了年纪的太太与西装打扮的少年和妇女摩肩接踵；神情严肃的男人们对周围的人群似乎视而不见，只顾着相互交淡，并不停地点头弯腰，互致问候：“多么阿里伽多戈扎伊马嘶。”还有人在使用杂货铺和烟草店门前挂着的小巧的红色电话通话。 “嗨!嗨!”出租汽车司机一看见旅客，就砰地打开车门，这样打着招呼。“嗨”，或者某个发音近似“嗨”的什么词，意思是“对”或“是”。“能送我到市政厅吗?”司机对着后视镜冲我一笑，又连声“嗨!”“嗨!”出租车穿过广岛市区狭窄的街巷全速奔驰，我们的身子随着司机手中方向盘的一次次急转而前俯后仰，东倒西歪。与此同时，这

座曾惨遭劫难的城市的高楼大厦则一座座地从我们身边飞掠而过。 正当我开始觉得路程太长时，汽车嘎地一声停了下来，司机下车去向警察问路。就像东京的情形一样，广岛的出租车司机对他们所在的城市往往不太熟悉，但因为怕在外国人面前丢脸，却又从不肯承认这一点。无论乘客指定的目的地在哪里，他们都毫不犹豫地应承下来，根本不考虑自己要花多长时间才能找到目的地。 这段小插曲后来终于结束了，我也就不知不觉地突然来到了宏伟的市政厅大楼前。当我出示了市长应我的采访要求而发送的请柬后，市政厅接待人员向我深深地鞠了一躬，然后声调悠扬地长叹了一口气。 “不是这儿，先生，”他用英语说道。“市长邀请您今天晚上同其他外宾一起在水上餐厅赴宴。您看，就是这儿。”他边说边为我在请柬背面勾划出了一张简略的示意图。 幸亏有了他画的图，我才找到一辆出租车把我直接送到了运河堤岸，那儿停泊着一艘顶篷颇像一般日本房屋屋顶的大游艇。由于地价过于昂贵，日本人便把传统日本式房屋建到了船上。漂浮在水面上的旧式日本小屋夹在一座座灰黄色摩天大楼之间，这一引人注目的景观正象征着和服与超短裙之间持续不断的斗争。 在水上餐厅的门口，一位身着和服、面色如玉、风姿绰约的迎宾女郎告诉我要脱鞋进屋。于是我便脱下鞋子，走进这座水上小屋里的一个低矮的房间，蹑手蹑脚地踏在柔软的榻榻米地席上，因想到要这样穿着袜子去见广岛市长而感到十分困窘不安。

综合英语三课文翻译

Unit 1 Changes in the Way We Live 在美国，不少人对乡村生活怀有浪漫的情感。许多居住在城镇的人梦想着自己办个农场，梦想着靠土地为生。很少有人真去把梦想变为现实。或许这也没有什么不好，因为，正如吉姆·多尔蒂当初开始其写作和农场经营双重生涯时所体验到的那样，农耕生活远非轻松自在。但他写道，自己并不后悔，对自己作出的改变生活方式的决定仍热情不减。 Mr. Doherty Builds His Dream Life Jim Doherty 有两件事是我一直想做的――写作与务农。如今我同时做着这两件事。作为作家，我和E·B·怀特不属同一等级，作为农场主，我和乡邻也不是同一类人，不过我应付得还行。在城市以及郊区历经多年的怅惘失望之后，我和妻子桑迪终于在这里的乡村寻觅到心灵的满足。 这是一种自力更生的生活。我们食用的果蔬几乎都是自己种的。自家饲养的鸡提供鸡蛋，每星期还能剩余几十个出售。自家养殖的蜜蜂提供蜂蜜，我们还自己动手砍柴，足可供过冬取暖之用。 这也是一种令人满足的生活。夏日里我们在河上荡舟，在林子里野餐，骑着自行车长时间漫游。冬日里我们滑雪溜冰。我们为落日的余辉而激动。我们爱闻大地回暖的气息，爱听牛群哞叫。我们守着看鹰儿飞过上空，看玉米田间鹿群嬉跃。 但如此美妙的生活有时会变得相当艰苦。就在三个月前，气温降

到华氏零下30度，我们辛苦劳作了整整两天，用一个雪橇沿着河边拖运木柴。再过三个月，气温会升到95度，我们就要给玉米松土，在草莓地除草，还要宰杀家禽。前一阵子我和桑迪不得不翻修后屋顶。过些时候，四个孩子中的两个小的，16岁的吉米和13岁的埃米莉，会帮着我一起把拖了很久没修的室外厕所修葺一下，那是专为室外干活修建的。这个月晚些时候，我们要给果树喷洒药水，要油漆谷仓，要给菜园播种，要赶在新的小鸡运到之前清扫鸡舍。 在这些活计之间，我每周要抽空花五、六十个小时，不是打字撰文，就是为作为自由撰稿人投给报刊的文章进行采访。桑迪则有她自己繁忙的工作日程。除了日常的家务，她还照管菜园和蜂房，烘烤面包，将食品装罐、冷藏，开车送孩子学音乐，和他们一起练习，自己还要上风琴课，为我做些研究工作并打字，自己有时也写写文章，还要侍弄花圃，堆摞木柴、运送鸡蛋。正如老话说的那样，在这种情形之下，坏人不得闲――贤德之人也歇不了。 我们谁也不会忘记第一年的冬天。从12月一直到3月底，我们都被深达5英尺的积雪困着。暴风雪肆虐，一场接着一场，积雪厚厚地覆盖着屋子和谷仓，而室内，我们用自己砍伐的木柴烧火取暖，吃着自家种植的苹果，温馨快乐每一分钟。 开春后，有过两次泛滥。一次是河水外溢，我们不少田地被淹了几个星期。接着一次是生长季节到了，一波又一波的农产品潮涌而来，弄得我们应接不暇。我们的冰箱里塞满了樱桃、蓝莓、草莓、芦笋、豌豆、青豆和玉米。接着我们存放食品罐的架子上、柜橱里也开始堆