2014佳木斯大学电子信息专业英语翻译 (压缩版)

英语段落复习（仅供参考）一、Digital design can be divided into two general areas.The first is the creation and production of

direct hardware from available building blocks. The second is the computer software or peograming aspect,which may or may not involve the design of haedware items.

The second area employs techniques that are quite different from those of conventional harfware designand and also require a substantial investment in special test equipment for efficient development and debugging.The quantity of information needed a worthy of a separate book and is not covered here.

数字设计可以分为两个总的领域。第一个领域是运用可用的构建模块直接创造和生产硬件。第二个领域是计算机软件或程序设计方面，它可以涉及或不涉及硬件方面。

第二个领域使用的技术完全不同与常规的硬件设计，为了有效地开发和调试还需要在专业测试设备上做大量的投入。这个领域所需要的信息量相当于一本单独的书，这里并不涉及。

二、The purpose of a receiver is to select a desired qroup of frequencies from one transmitter,get rid of all unwanted signals and noise,and then demodulate the signal to obtain the modulating information.The better the receiver does its job,the closer the demodulate signal will resemble the oriinal signal from the transmitter.Regardless of the type of demodulate required,the main functions performed by a receiver are filtering and amplifying.The superheterodyne receiver is the logical choice for the job.

接收机的目的是从一个发射机发射的信号中选择一组期望的频率，去除所用不需要的信号和噪声，然后解调信号获得调制的信息。接收机做的工作越好，解调的信号与发射机发出的原始信号就越接近，不论需要什么类型的解调，一个接收机所要执行的主要功能是滤波和放大。超外差式接收机就是这项工作的合理选择。

三、This section establishes the overall bandwidth and adjacent channel selectivity of the receiver.The bulk of the receiver’s gain will be concentrated here and some type of automatic gain control will be included to adjust for variations in received signal strength.The IFis usually at a lower frequency than the RF,but,in some special cases,the RFmay be higher to reduce spurious intermodulation anf image problems.

这个部分决定接收机的总体带宽和与之相连的通道选择问题。接收机模块的增益将主要集中在这一部分，为了适应接受信号强度的变化，某些形式的自动增益控制电路需要包括在其中。与射频相比，中频通常在一个较低的频率，但是，在一些特殊的情况中，中频可以高于射频以减少寄生地中间调制和镜像问题。

四、Signal are scalar-valued functions of one or more independent variables.Often for convenience,when the signals are

one-dimensional,the independent

variable is referred to as

“time.”The independent variable

may be continuous or

didcrete.Signals that are

continuous in both amplitude and

time (often referred to as

continuous-time or analog

signals)are the most commonly

encountered in signal processing

contexts.Discrete-time signals are

typically associated with sampling

of continuous-time signal.Ina

digital implementation of a signal

processing system,quantization of

signal amplitude is also

required.Althogh not precisely

correct in every

context,discrete-time signl

processing is often referred to as

digital signal processing.

信号是有一个或多个变量构

成的标量函数，通常为了方便，

当信号是一维时，独立变量被认

为是周期的，独立变量可能是连

续的或离散的，在信号处理环境

下，信号在振幅和周期上的连续

是常遇到的，离散时间信号是典

型与连续时间信号抽样有关的信

号，在数字的信号处理实现的系

统中，要求信号的振幅是被量化，

尽管在每一个环境中不精确地调

整，离散时间信号处理通常被认

为是数字信号处理。

五、Given a set of

specifications,the filter design

problem becomes a problem in

functional approximation to obtain

a discrete-time linear system

whose frequency response falls

winin the presceibed

tolerances.IIR system imply

approximation by a ratonal

function of z ,while FIR system

imply polynomial

approximation .There are a variety

of design techniques for both types

of filters ,ranging from

closed-form procedures,which

involve only substitution of design

specifications into design

formulas,to algorithmic

techniques,where,for example ,a

solution may be obtained by an

iterative procedure.

给定一组规定的参数，滤波器

设计问题便成为获得一个频率响

应在指定容限内的离散时间线性

系统的逼近问题。信息检索系统

意味着合理的z的函数近似,在冷

杉系统意味着多项式近似。有多

种设计技术这两种类型的过滤器,

从封闭的过程,只涉及替代设计

规范的设计公式,算法技术,,例如,

一个解决方案可能是通过一个迭

代的过程。

六、If the signal and noise spectra

overlap,as is the typical case in

practice,the above conditions

connot be satisfied

simultaneously.In such cases,we

must compromise between the two

design conditions and trade off one

for the other.Depending on the

application,we may decide to

design the filter to the offer to

remove as much noise as

possible ,but at the expense of

distorting the desired

signal.Alternatively,we may decide

to leave the desired signal as

undistorted as possible,but at the

expense of having some noise in

the output.

如果信号和噪声谱重叠,在实践

中是典型的案例,同时不能满足

上述条件。在这种情况下,我们必

须妥协之间的两个设计条件和贸

易的其他。根据应用程序,我们可

以决定设计提供的过滤器去除尽

可能多的噪音,但以牺牲扭曲所

需的信号。或者,我们可以决定离

开期望信号尽可能不失真,但以

牺牲一些噪声输出。

七、Image enhancement and

restoration techniques are designed

to impove the quality of an image

as perceived by a human.In recent

years enhancement has come to

describe those techniques that

work well as judged by human

observers even though the

mathematical criteria are not

completely understood.For

example rectification of a

geometrically distorted image

produces an obvious improvement

in quality to a human observer.No

objective measure of this quality

improvement has yet been

discovered.Image restoration is

applied to the restoration of a

known distortion for which an

objective criterion can be applied.

图像增强和恢复技术是为了提高

图像的质量是被一个人类。近年

来增强来描述这些技术工作以及

根据观察者即使数学标准不是完

全理解。例如整流的几何失真图

像质量产生明显改善人类观察

者。客观测量的质量改进尚未发

现。图像恢复是应用客观准则恢

复一个已知失真的图像。

八、The word telecommunications

is used to describe communication

at a distance which involve some

form of equipment.Thus,a

conversation over a telephone

system is certainly a

telecommunication whereas two

people shouting at each other is

not.For a telephone conversation

the telecommunication equipment

is both mechanical and

electrical.Although this is true of

most of the systems which we will

consider,it is certainly not a

prerequisite for a

telecommunications system.For

instance a conversation using a

voice tube,i.e.,an acoustic

system,would also be classed as a

telecommunication.For most of the

section we will concentrate on

electrical systems.

“电信”这个词是用来描述通信

距离涉及某种形式的设备。因此,

谈话在电话系统当然是一个电信

而不是两个人对对方。电话交谈

的电信设备是机电。虽然这是真

实的大多数系统,我们将考虑,这

当然不是一个电信系统的先决条

件。例如使用话筒的对话,也就是

说。,一个音响系统,也被列为电

信。对于大多数的部分我们将专

注于电力系统。

九、Radio transmission channel

use radio wave propagation

between antennae at the

transmitter and receiver.The radio

transmitter uses a modulation

process to produce a radio

frequency(RF)signal,i.e.,to

convent the message signal into a

form which is suitable for

transmission . Normally the

transmitter will also need to

contain an amplifier to ensure that

the transmitted signal will be

strong enough when it reaches the

receiver.

无线电传输通道使用无线电波天

线在发射机和接收机之间的传

播。无线电广播发射机使用调制

过程产生射频(RF)信号,即,修道

院消息信号转化成适合传播。通

常传感器还需要包含一个放大器

确保信号传输时将足够强大到达

接收器。

十、For many years there have

been attempts to realize the

economic potentialities of time

division multiplexing. It is by no

means a new concept and was used

in telegraphy before telephony

before telephony came on the

scene. The devices used were

simply synchronized commutators

where one at the sending end

“sampled” each of a n umber of

individual channels in sequence

and transmitted the samples in

sequence. The other device at the

receiving end received the samples

and distributed them in the correct

sequence to the corresponding

individual channels. Obviously

there was a problem of

maintaining the commutators in

synchronism. This problem

remains but modern electronic

methods have provided cheap and

reliable ways of achieving the

required result.

多年来人们尝试实现时分多址

的经济潜力。这就意味着有一个

新概念，电话的实现在电报使用

之前的。所应用的设备只是同步

交换机，在发送端顺序地对每一

个通道采样，并顺序地将这些采

样值发送出去。另一些接收端的

设备接收采样值，并对每个通信

信道的采样值按照正确的顺序分

配。显然在同步交换机的维护方

面有问题。这个问题是现代网络

已经提供廉价的、可靠的方式来

获得需要的结果。

请

勿

带

入

考

场

电子信息工程专业课程翻译中英文对照表

电子信息工程专业课程名称中英文翻译对照 （2009级培养计划）

实践环节翻译

高等数学Advanced Mathematics 大学物理College Physics 线性代数Linear Algebra 复变函数与积分变换Functions of Complex Variable and Integral Transforms 概率论与随机过程Probability and Random Process 物理实验Experiments of College Physics 数理方程Equations of Mathematical Physics 电子信息工程概论Introduction to Electronic and Information Engineering 计算机应用基础Fundamentals of Computer Application 电路原理Principles of Circuit 模拟电子技术基础Fundamentals of Analog Electronics 数字电子技术基础Fundamentals of Digital Electronics C语言程序设计The C Programming Language 信息论基础Fundamentals of Information Theory 信号与线性系统Signals and Linear Systems 微机原理与接口技术Microcomputer Principles and Interface Technology 马克思主义基本原理Fundamentals of Marxism 毛泽东思想、邓小平理论 和“三个代表”重要思想 概论 Thoughts of Mao and Deng 中国近现代史纲要Modern Chinese History 思想道德修养与法律基 础 Moral Education & Law Basis 形势与政策Situation and Policy 英语College English 体育Physical Education 当代世界经济与政治Modern Global Economy and Politics 卫生健康教育Health Education 心理健康知识讲座Psychological Health Knowledge Lecture 公共艺术课程Public Arts 文献检索Literature Retrieval 军事理论Military Theory 普通话语音常识及训练Mandarin Knowledge and Training 大学生职业生涯策划 （就业指导） Career Planning (Guidance of Employment ) 专题学术讲座Optional Course Lecture 科技文献写作Sci-tech Document Writing 高频电子线路High-Frequency Electronic Circuits 通信原理Communications Theory 数字信号处理Digital Signal Processing 计算机网络Computer Networks 电磁场与微波技术Electromagnetic Field and Microwave

科技英语翻译Unit 1—Unit 7

Unit 1 Electronics:Analog and Digital 1.As with series resonance, the greater the resistance in the circuit the lower the Q and, accordingly, the flatter and broader the resonance curve of either line current or circuit impedance. 对于串联谐振，电路中的电阻愈大Q值就愈低，相应地线路电流或电路阻抗的谐振曲线也就愈平、愈宽。 2.A wire carrying a current looks exactly the same and weighs exactly the same as it does when it is not carrying a current. 一根带电的导线其外表与重量都与不带电导线完全一样。 3.Click mouse on the waveform and drag it to change the pulse repetition rate, or directly enter a new value of the period in the provided dialogue box, while keeping the pulse width unchanged. 在波形上点击鼠标并拖动来改变脉冲重复频率，或者在提供的对话框中直接输入新的周期值，而保持脉冲宽度不变。 4.Electronics is the science and the technology of the passage of charged particles in a gas, in a vacuum, or in a semiconductor. Please note that particle motion confined within a metal only is not considered electronics. 电子学是一门有关带电粒子在气体、真空或半导体中运动的科学技术。注意，在本书中粒子运动仅限于金属的情况不属于电子学。 5.Hardware technologies have played vital roles in our ability to use electronic properties to process information, but software and data processing aspects have not developed at the same speed. 硬件技术在我们使用电子特性来处理信息的能力中一直起着重要作用，而软件及数字处理方面却没能与硬件同步发展。 6.However, in a properly designed DC amplifier the effect of transistor parameter variation, other than Ico, may be practically eliminated if the operation point of each stage is adjusted so that it remains in the linear operation range of the transistor as temperature varies. 然而在设计得当的直流放大器中，若调节每一级的工作点使之在温度变化时保持在晶体管线性区，就能在实际上消除Ico以外的晶体管参数变化所造成的影响。

电子信息类专业英语翻译

1.This electron beam sweeps across each line at a uniform rate，then flies back to scan another line directly below the previous one and so on，until the horizontal lines into which it is desired to break or split the picture have been scanned in the desired sequence． 电子束以均匀的速率扫描每一行，然后飞速返回去扫描下一行，直到把被扫描的图像按所希望的顺序分割成行。 2.The technical possibilities could well exist，therefore，of nation-wide integrated transmission network of high capacity，controlled by computers，interconnected globally by satellite and submarine cable，providing speedy and reliable communications throughout the word 因此，在技术上完全可能实现全国性的集成发送网络。这种网络容量大，由计算机控制，并能通过卫星和海底电缆实现全球互联，提供世界范围的高速、可靠的通信。 3.Transit time is the primary factor which limits the ability of a transistor to operate at high frequency． 渡越时间是限制晶体管高频工作能力的主要因素 4.The intensity of sound is inversely proportional to the square of the distance measured from the source of the sound. 声强与到声源的距离的平方成反比。 5.The attenuation of the filter is nearly constant to within 0.5 dB over the entire frequency band． 该滤波器的衰减近于恒定, 整个频带内的变化在0.5 dB以内。 6.At present, the state of most semiconductor device technology is such that the device design and process technology must be supplemented by screening and inspection procedures, if ultimate device reliability is to be obtained and controlled． 目前, 大多数半导体器件的技术尚未十分完善, 以至若要获得并控制器件最终的可靠性, 就必须辅以筛选和检验, 以弥补设计和工艺技术之不足 7.Bandwidth of transistor amplifiers vary from about 250 MHz in the L band to 1000 MHz in the X band． 晶体管放大器的带宽在L波段约为250 MHz, 在X波段为1000 MHz。 8.The output of the differential amplifier is fed to the circuit’s output stage via an offset-compensation network, which causes the op-amp’s output to center at zero volts. The output stage takes the form of a complementary emitter follower, and provides a low-impedance output. 差动放大级的输出通过一个失调补偿网络与输出级相连, 目的是使运放的输出以0 V为中心。输出级采用互补的射极跟随器的形式以使输出阻抗很低 9.Because of the very high open-loop voltage gain of the op-amp, the output is driven into positive saturation (close to +V) when the sample voltage goes slightly above the reference voltage, and driven into negative saturation (close to-V) when the sample voltage goes slightly below the reference voltage. 由于运放的开环电压增益很高, 当取样电压略高于参考电压时, 输出趋向于正向饱和状态(接近+V)。当取样电压低于参考电压时, 输出趋向于负向饱和状态(接近-V)。 10.If the signal source were direct connected instead of capacitor coupled, there would be a low resistance path from the base to the negative supply line, and this would affect the circuit bias conditions. 如果信号源和电路不是用电容耦合而是直接相连，从基极到负电源线就会一个低阻通路，并且这将影响到电路偏置状态 11.The differential amplifier has a high-impedance (constant-current)“tail”to give it a high input impedance and a high degree of common-mode signal rejection. It also has a high-impedance collector (or drain) load, to give it a large amount of signal-voltage gain (typically about 100 dB). 差动放大极有一个高阻抗的“尾巴”（恒流源）以提供高输入阻抗和对共模信号的深度抑制，同时，它还具有一个高阻抗和集电极或漏极负载以提供高的信号电压增益（典型的数据是100dB). 12.On the other hand, a DC negative-logic system, as in Figure 3.6(b), is one which designates the more negative voltage state of the bit as the 1 level and the more positive as the 0 level. 另一方面, 如图3.6(b)所示, 把比特的较低的电压状态记为1电平, 较高的电压状态记为0电平, 这样的系统称为直流负逻辑系统。 13.For example, to represent the 10 numerals (0, 1, 2, …, 9) and the 26 letters of the English alphabet would require 36

电子技术英文自我介绍带翻译

电子技术英文自我介绍带翻译 I am 26 years old,born in shandong province . I was graduated from qingdao university. my major is electronic.and i got my bachelor degree after my graduation in the year of 2003. I spend most of my time on study,i have passed CET4/6 . and i have acquired basic knowledge of my major during my school time. In July 2003, I begin work for a small private company as a technical support engineer in QingDao city.Because I'm capable of more responsibilities, so I decided to change my job. And in August 2004,I left QingDao to BeiJing and worked for a foreign enterprise as a automation software test engineer.Because I want to change my working environment, I'd like to find a job which is more challenging. Morover Motorola is a global company, so I feel I can gain the most from working in this kind of company ennvironment. That is the reason why I come here to compete for this position. I think I'm a good team player and I'm a person of great honesty to others. Also I am able to work under great pressure. 我26岁,出生在山东省。 我毕业于青岛大学。我的专业是电子。我毕业后,我得到了我的学士学位在2003年。

《信息科技英语翻译》期末考试 A卷参考答案

《信息科技英语翻译》期末考试A卷参考答案 一、选择题（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分） 1.所谓翻译就是把一种语言文字所表达的意义用另一种语言文字表达出来的语言转换过程，是通过译 者在不同语言之间进行的一种语言交流活动。 A. 形式/内容 B. 增译/省译 C. 转换/交流 D. 直译/意译 2.著名的“信达雅”三字翻译标准是清末启蒙思想家严复所提出的。 A. 玄奘 B. 严复 C. 傅雷 D. 钱钟书 3.翻译中所谓的“忠实”，首先是指忠实于原文的内容。 A. 原文 B. 译文 C. 原语 D. 译语 4.信息科技英语的翻译标准应该是：准确规范、通顺易懂、简洁明晰。 A. 忠实、通顺 B. 意美、形美、音美 C. 传神、化境 D. 准确规范、通顺易懂、简洁明晰 5.信息科技英语翻译中所谓的准确，就是忠实地、不折不扣地传达原文的全部信息内容。 A. 信息 B. 意义 C. 风格 D. 思想 6.要做好科技英语的翻译工作，通常要求译者具有较高的英语水平、汉语水平、科技知识水平和翻译 理论水平。 A. 口头表达能力 B. 书面表达水平 C. 英语水平 D. 思维能力 7.信息科技英语文体的特点是第三人称多，被动语态多，专业名词、术语多，非谓语动词多，长句子 多。 A. 第一人称 B. 第二人称 C. 第三人称 D. 三种人称 8.信息科技英语翻译中直译法是最常见的译法之一。 A. 直译法 B. 意译法 C. 合译法 D. 分译法 9.英语中的同一个词，同一词类，在不同场合往往有不同的含义，常常要求译者根据上下文的联系， 以及句型来确定某个词在特定场合下的词义。 A. 词语 B. 词汇 C. 词序 D. 词义 10.所谓增译就是在译文中添加英语原文省略、或原文中无其词而有其意的词语。 A. 省译 B. 增译 C. 顺译 D. 倒译 二、是非题（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分） 1.由于英汉两种语言结构与表达方式的不同，有些句子在汉译时不能逐词对译。（是） 2.英语中有大量动词派生的名词和具有动词意义的名词，均不可以转译为汉语的动词。（非） 3.英语定冠词the表示某一类特定的人或事物中的“某一个”，不可译为“该”、“这个/种”、“那个/种” 等。（非） 4.在代词的翻译中，所谓互换，就是将英语原文句子中的名词（即先行词）与代替该名词的代词，在 翻译时进行相互换为。（是） 5.信息科技英语中理解和翻译数词本身并不难，但当数字在句子中表示各种概念时，要理解和翻译一 些数量概念的句型结构时可能就会遇到困难，甚至有时出现误解、误译等现象。（是） 6.大多数作前置定语和少数作后置定语的形容词以及表语形容词，在翻译时一般可以直接译出，即译 为汉语的定语“的”字结构，也可省略“的”字。（是） 7.当英语的动词转译成汉语的名词时，修饰该英语动词的形容词往往转译成汉语的副词。（非） 8.英语介词在古英语中属于动词，因此在翻译时可将英语介词译为汉语动词。（是） 9.英语的连词从形式上可分为并列连词和从属连词两大类。（非） 10.英语动词有限定性动词与非限定性动词之分，而不定式、动名词和分词三种限定性动词在科技英语 翻译中应引起我们高度重视。（非） 三、句子英汉翻译（本大题共20小题，每小题2分，共40分） 1.Packaged software is developed to serve the specific needs of one user. 软件包的开发只是为某一用户的特定需要服务。 2.After the spring has been closed to its solid height, the compressive force is removed. 弹簧被压缩到并紧高度之后，就没有压力了。 3.The longest light waves we can see are red, the shortest violet, and in between are other colors. 可见光波中最长的是红色，最短的光波是紫色，其他颜色的光波介于这二者之间。 4.Both pumps offer excellent metering performance, high vacuum lift, dry priming capability and no possibility of back-flow. 两类泵还具有良好的计量、高真空提升、干启动以及防回吸等功能。 5.Once it is combined, nitrogen is not chemically inert any longer. 氮气一经化合，在化学上它就变得活泼了。

电子专业中英文翻译

基于单片机控制的光收发器设计 1 引言 在“三网合一”的推动下,光纤到户等光纤接入方案的应用日益广泛。在光进铜退的呼声下,光网络迅速发展。光收发器在光通信中起到光电、电光转换的作用，是光通信必不可少的器件。由于涉及到高速电路设计、精密机械加工和光学设计,光收发器的成本占据了光纤通信系统和的重要部分,而较高的光收发器价格成了制约光纤接入推广的瓶颈。进一步降低光收发器的成本将有利于光接入的应用推广，加快光进铜退的步伐。 光收发器主要由电路部分、光发送组件和光接收组件组成。其中电路部分又包括激光驱动、光接收信号放大和控制部分。目前市场上的光收发器的电路部分使用的是三个专用芯片。一直有公司在研究把激光驱动和接收信号放大电路集成在一个器件上,控制器使用普通的嵌入式处理器的方案。由于只使用一个专用芯片和一个通用芯片，这样就可以大幅降低电路部分的成本。ＰHYWORＫS 公司研制的PＨＹ1０76芯片就是一款这样的芯片。它主要针对1.２５Ｇｂpｓ到２.5Ｇbps的光收发器,具有外围电路简单，控制电路只需要普通的8位单片机就可以实现的特点。本文主要研究了PHY１076 的性能，选择了ATMEL 公司的ATＭEＧA88 单片机进行控制,设计出光收发器样品，并进行了性能测试,最终成功设计了1.25G 光收发器。 ２光收发器设计方案及工作原理讨论 光收发器在发展的过程中,有许多种不同的外形封装。ＳＦＰ(小型化可热插拔光收发一体模块）是目前在5Ｇｂpｓ以下速率中最先进的一种封装形式,具有小型化、可热插拔、功耗小、系统可集成度高以及能够进行数字诊断功能等特点。 本设计中使用激光驱动电路和光接收放大电路集成的PHY１076 作为专用芯片，使用ＡＴＭEL 的AVR 单片机ATＭEGA88 进行控制和实现DDＭ功能,加上相应的TOＳA(光发射组件）,ROSA(光接收组件)和结构件，设计了一款工作在1.25Gｂpｓ传输距离为10km 的ＳFP 光收发器。系统方框图如图1所示：

[电子行业企业管理]电子专业中英文词汇翻译

（电子行业企业管理）电子专业中英文词汇翻 译

有功功率activepower 无功功率reactivepower 视在功率apparentpower 功率因数powerfactor 功率因数补偿 power-factorpensation 串联谐振seriesresonance 并联谐振parallelresonance 谐振频率resonancefrequency 频率特性frequencycharacteristic 幅频特性 amplitude-frequencyresponsechar acteristic 相频特性 phase-frequencyresponsecharacte ristic 截止频率cutofffrequency 品质因数qualityfactor 通频带pass-band 带宽bandwidth(BW) 滤波器filter 一阶滤波器first-orderfilter 二阶滤波器second-orderfilter 低通滤波器low-passfilter 高通滤波器high-passfilter 带通滤波器band-passfilter 带阻滤波器band-stopfilter 转移函数transferfunction 波特图Bodediagram 傅立叶级数Fourierseries 三相电路 三相电路three-phasecircuit 三相电源three-phasesource 对称三相电源symmetricalthree-phasesource 对称三相负载symmetricalthree-phaseload 相电压phasevoltage 相电流phasecurrent 线电压linevoltage 线电流linecurrent 三相三线制 three-phasethree-wiresystem 三相四线制 three-phasefour-wiresystem 三相功率three-phasepower 星形连接 starconnection(Y-connection) 三角形连接triangularconnection(D-connectio n,deltaconnection) 中线neutralline 电路的暂态过程分析 暂态transientstate 稳态steadystate 暂态过程，暂态响应transientresponse 换路定理lowofswitch 一阶电路first-ordercircuit 三要素法three-factormethod 时间常数timeconstant 积分电路integratingcircuit 微分电路differentiatingcircuit 磁路与变压器 磁场magneticfield 磁通flux

科技英语翻译(1)

邢骏杰信息工程1班20091309010 We use touch screens everywhere: tourist kiosks, automatic teller machines, point-of-sale terminals, industrial controls. Half a dozen vendors, plus in-house departments at major manufacturers, produced $800 million worth in 2000. The market is growing because the interfaces are easy-to-use, durable and inexpensive. Touch screens employ one of three physics principles for detecting the point of touch. Pressing a “resistive” design with a finger or other stylus raises a voltage. In “capacitive” models, a finger draws a minute current (this method is often used for cursor pads on notebook computers). In other designs, a finger or stylus interrupts a standing pattern of acoustic waves or infrared lights that blanket the surface. Resistive screens are the oldest, most widely used and least expensive, and they work with any stylus (finger, pen). Capacitive screens must be touched by a finger or an electrically grounded stylus to conduct current. Wave screens are the newest and most expensive. Surface acoustic wave screens must be touched by a finger or a soft stylus such as a pencil eraser to absorb energy; infrared screens work with any stylus. The different technologies may be used in the same applications, although pros and cons lead to prevalent combinations: resistive screens for industrial controls and Palm Pilots; capacitive screens for slot machines; wave screens for A TMs and indoor kiosks. Most people are unaware of the type of screen they are using. But tricks can help you tell, according to Frank Shen of Elo TouchSystems in Fremont, Calif., the largest U.S. maker. Push the screen lightly with your fingernail (not your skin). If it responds, it could be resistive or infrared. In this case, place two separated fingers aga inst the screen at the same time. If the cursor moves beneath one finger, the unit is infrared (software registers the first touch); if the cursor moves between the fingers, it is resistive (the points are averaged). If the unit does not respond to your fingernail, again place two separated fingers against it. If the cursor moves beneath one finger, the unit is acoustic wave; if the cursor moves between the fingers, it is capacitive.

电子信息工程专业英语 课文翻译 Unit 12 译文

Unit 12 生物识别技术 Unit 12-1 第一部分：指纹识别 在所有的生物技术中，指纹识别是最早期的一种技术。我们知道，每个人都有自己独特的、不可变更的指纹。指纹是由手指表皮上的一系列峰谷组成的。指纹的独特性是由这些峰谷的形状以及指纹的细节点所决定的。指纹的细节点是指纹局部凸起处的一些特性，这些特性出现在凸起的分叉处或是凸起的截止处。 指纹匹配技术可以被分为两类：基于细节的指纹匹配技术和基于相关性的指纹匹配技术。基于细节的指纹匹配首先要找出细节点，然后在手指上对应出与它们相关的位置，如图12.1所示。但是，使用这种方法存在一些困难。要精确地提取指纹的细节点是很困难的。而且，这种方法不能很好地考虑指纹峰谷的整体形状。基于相关性的指纹匹配技术可以解决部分基于细节的指纹匹配方法存在的问题，但它也存在一些自身的缺陷。基于相关性的匹配技术需要给出已注册过的特征点的精确位置，并且该方法会受图像平移和旋转的影响。 图12.1 基于细节的指纹匹配 基于细节的指纹匹配技术在匹配不同大小的细节模型时（未注册过的）会存在一些问题。指纹上局部的凸起结构不能完全由指纹细节实现特征化。我们可以尝试另一种表达指纹的方法，它可以获得更多的指纹局部信息并且得到固定长度的指纹编码。于是，我们只需要计算两个指纹编码之间的欧几里得距离，匹配过程有望变得相对简单。 研发对于指纹图像中噪声更稳健并能实时提供更高精度的算法是重要的。商用指纹（身份）认证系统对给定的错误接受率要求具有很低的错误拒绝率。在这点上，任何一项简单的技术都很难实现。我们可以从不同的匹配技术中汇总多个证据从而提高系统的总体精确度。在实际应用中，传感器、采集系统、性能随时间的变化是关键因素。为了评价系统性能，我们有必要对少数使用者在一段时间内进行现场试验。 每天我们可以从法医鉴定、出入口控制、驾驶证登记等多个方面的应用中采集并保存大量的指纹。基于指纹的自动识别系统需要把输入的指纹与数据库中大量的指纹进行匹配验证。为了缩短搜索时间、降低计算复杂度，要以准确而一致的方式将这些指纹分类，从而使输入的指纹只需与数据库某一子集中的指纹进行比对。 指纹分类是将指纹划分入多个预定义指纹类型中的一类中的一项技术。这些预定义的指纹类型是由提供索引机制的文献建立的。图12.2表示了不同类型的指纹。它们有螺纹状的、右旋状的、左旋状的、弓形的、帐篷形的。输入指纹首先粗略地被匹配为预定义的类型中的一类，随后，输入指纹仅与这一大类指纹库中的子集作更精细的比较。 图12.2 不同类型的指纹 指纹自动匹配中关键的一步是自动并且可靠地从输入指纹图像中提取出细节。然而，细节提取算法的好坏很大程度上依赖于输入图像质量的好坏。为确保自动指纹识别或确认系统的性能对于不同指纹图像质量具有稳健性，必须在细节提取模块中加入指纹增强算法。快速指纹增强算法能根据对局部指纹脊方向和频率（密度）的估计自适应地改善输入指纹图像中脊和沟结构的清晰度，如图12.3所示。实验证明加入增强算法可以显著增强指纹认证的精度。 图12.3 指纹增强 Unit 12-2 第二部分：说话人辨认介绍 介绍 现代安全系统范围很广, 通常要通过多层系统才能完全被突破。除了标准的锁和警报系统以外，还有很复杂的方法来保护重要资料。其中多数的方法为可以允许或者不允许一个特定人员获取资料——计算机系统必须能够检测出指纹、读取个人眼孔图样、或者确定说话者的真实身份。最后一点是本文讨论的重点——说话人辨认。说话人辨认经常会与其他类似的术语混淆。以下对这些术语的精确定义做出解释。 说话人识别：确定是谁在说话。 说话人辨认：初始情况下不知道说话人是谁，必须在与模板比较后确定说话人的身份。通常会有很多相关的模板。 说话人确认：确定说话者是否就是他（她）自称的那个人。仅将说话者的话音与一个样板进行比对，即他（她）自称的那一个。 语音识别：识别出人们说话时的语句。换句话说，识别出一个人在说什么而不是谁在说话。这个术语经常与声音识别相混淆。声音识别是识别出说话人。

电子元件中英文对照

一．电子元器件Electronic Components 1．保险元器件safety device （1）保险丝座 fuse block （2）电流保险丝 current fuse （3）其他保险元器件 other （4）温度保险丝 temperature fuse （5）温度开关 temperature switches （6）自恢复熔断器since the resumption of fuse 2. 变频器transducer （1）PLC 变频器 PLC transducer （2）高性能通用变频器High-performance Universal transducer （3）恒功率变频器Constant Power Inverter （4）恒转矩变频器Constant Torque converter （5）专用变频器Exclusive Inverter 3.变压器transformer （1）电源变压器Power Transformer （2）隔离变压器the isolation transformer （3）恒压变压器constant voltage transformer （4）脉冲变压器pulse transformer （5）其他变压器other transformers （6）音频变压器Audio transformers （7）自耦变压器autotransformer （8）耦合变压器coupling transformer 4.场效应管voltage controller 5. 传感器sensor （1）电磁传感器Power Transformer （2）光电传感器Photoelectric Sensors （3）光纤传感器Fiber Optic Sensors （4）加速度传感器Accelerometer （5）接近传感器Proximity sensor （6）料位、液位传感器Level, liquid level sensor （7）压力传感器Pressure Sensor （8）振动传感器Vibration Sensor （9）气体传感器Gas Sensor （10）声波传感器Acoustic sensor （11）视觉、图像传感器Visual, image sensor （12）水分、湿度传感器Moisture and humidity sensor （13）位移传感器Displacement sensor （14）敏感元件传感器Sensor sensor 6.传声器microphone 7.电容器capacitor （1）玻璃电容器Glass capacitors （2）玻璃釉电容器Glazed glass capacitors （3）复合介质电容器Composite Dielectric Capacitors

电子信息工程中英文翻译

Infrared Remote Control System Abstract Red outside data correspondence the technique be currently within the scope of world drive extensive usage of a kind of wireless conjunction technique,drive numerous hardware and software platform support. Red outside the transceiver product have cost low, small scaled turn, the baud rate be quick, point to point SSL, be free from electromagnetism thousand Raos etc.characteristics, can realization information at dissimilarity of the product fast, convenience, safely exchange and transmission, at short distance wireless deliver aspect to own very obvious of advantage.Along with red outside the data deliver a technique more and more mature, the cost descend, red outside the transceiver necessarily will get at the short distance communication realm more extensive of application. The purpose that design this system is transmit customer’s operation information with infrared rays for transmit media, then demodulate original signal with receive circuit. It use coding chip to modulate signal and use decoding chip to demodulate signal. The coding chip is PT2262 and decoding chip is PT2272. Both chips are made in Taiwan. Main work principle is that we provide to input the information for the PT2262 with coding keyboard. The input information was coded by PT2262 and loading to high frequent load wave whose frequent is 38 kHz, then modulate infrared transmit dioxide and radiate space outside when it attian enough power. The receive circuit receive the signal and demodulate original information. The original signal was decoded by PT2272, so as to drive some circuit to accomplish customer’s operation demand. Keywords:Infrare dray；Code；Decoding；LM386；Redoutside transceiver