大学英语全部翻译答案

大学英语1

Unti1

孔子是中国历史上著名的思想家、教育家，是儒家学派（Confucianism）的创始人，被尊称为古代的“圣人”（sage）。

Confucius was a great thinker and educator in Chinese history. He was the founder of Confucianism and was respectfully referred to as an ancient "sage".

他的言论和生平活动记录在《论语》（The Analects）一书中。

His words and life story were recorded in The Analects.

《论语》是中国古代文化的经典著作，对后来历代的思想家、文学家、政治家产生了很大影响。

An enduring classic of ancient Chinese culture, The Analects has had a great influence on the thinkers, writers, and statesmen that came after Confucius.

不研究《论语》，就不能真正把握中国几千年的传统文化。

Without studying this book, one could hardly truly understand the thousands-of-years' traditional Chinese culture.

孔子的很多思想，尤其是其教育思想，对中国社会产生了深远的影响。

Much of Confucius' thought, especially his thought on education, has had a profound influence on Chinese society.

在21世纪的今天，孔子的学说不仅受到中国人的重视，而且也越来越受到整个国际社会的重视。

In the 21st century, Confucian thought not only retains the attention of the Chinese, but it also wins an increasing attention from the international community.

Unti2

每年农历（Chinese lunar calendar）八月十五是我国的传统节日——中秋节（the Mid-Autumn Festival）。

According to the Chinese lunar calendar, August 15 of every year is a traditional Chinese festival— the Mid-Autumn Festival.

这时是一年秋季的中期，所以被称为中秋。中秋节的一项重要活动是赏月。

This day is the middle of autumn, so it is called Mid-Autumn. One of the important Mid-Autumn Festival activities is to enjoy the moon.

夜晚，人们赏明月、吃月饼，共庆中秋佳节。

On that night, people gather together to celebrate the Mid-Autumn Festival, looking up at the bright moon and eating moon cakes.

中秋节也是家庭团圆的时刻，远在他乡的游子，会借此寄托自己对故乡和亲人的思念之情。The festival is also a time for family reunion. People living far away from home will express their feelings of missing their hometowns and families at this festival.

中秋节的习俗很多，都寄托着人们对美好生活的热爱和向往。

There are many customs to celebrate the festival, all expressing people's love and hope for a happy life.

自2008年起，中秋节成为中国的法定节假日

Since 2008, the Mid-Autumn Festival has become an official national holiday in China.

中国航天业开创于1956年。China's space industry was launched in 1956.

几十年来，中国航天事业创造了一个又一个奇迹。

Over the past decades, China's space industry has created one miracle after another.

1970年，中国成功发射了第一颗人造地球卫星，成为世界上第五个独立自主研制和发射人造地球卫星的国家。

In 1970 China launched its first man-made earth satellite, ranking China the fifth country in the world to independently develop and launch man-made earth satellites.

1992年，中国开始实施载人航天飞行工程（manned spaceflight program）。

In 1992 China began to carry out the manned spaceflight program.

2003年，中国成功发射了"神舟五号"载人飞船，使中国成为第三个发射载人飞船的国家。In 2003 China launched Shenzhou-5, a manned spaceship. The successful launch made China the third country to launch manned spaceships.

2007年发射了"嫦娥一号"，即第一颗绕月球飞行（lunar-orbiting）的人造卫星。

In 2007 Chang'e-1, the first lunar-orbiting man-made satellite was sent to space.

2013年，第五艘载人飞船"神舟十号"发射成功，为中国空间站的建设打下了基础。

In 2013 Shenzhou-10, the fifth manned spaceship, was launched successfully, laying the foundation for building the Chinese Space Station.

Unti4

郑和是中国历史上最著名的航海家（maritime explorer）。

Zhen He was the most famous maritime explorer in Chinese history.

公元1405 年，明朝的统治者为了稳固边防（border defense）和开展海上贸易，派郑和下西洋（the Western Seas）。

In 1405 AD, the ruler of the Ming Dynasty sent Zhen He on a voyage to the Western Seas in order to strengthen border defense and develop trade by sea.

在此后的28 年里，郑和带领船队七下西洋，前后出海的人员有10 多万人，访问了30 多个国家和地区。

In the following 28 years, Zhen He led his fleet, made seven voyages to the Western Seas with over 100,000 crew members in total, and visited more than 30 countries and regions.

船队纵横南亚、西亚，一直到非洲大陆。

The fleet traveled far into South Asia and West Asia, and made all the way to the continent of Africa.

郑和下西洋是世界航海（navigation）史上的壮举，

Zheng He's voyages to the Western Seas were a great feat in the world's navigation history.

它展现了郑和卓越的航海和组织才能，同时展现了明朝的国力和国威（national strength and prestige），加强了明朝和海外各国之间的关系。

It showed ZhenHe's outstanding navigation and organization talents; meanwhile, it exhibited the national strength and prestige of the Ming Dynasty, and strengthened the relationships between the Ming Dynasty and the overseas countries.

太极拳（Tai Chi）是一种武术（martial arts）项目，也是一种健身运动，在中国有着悠久的历史。

Tai Chi is a kind of martial arts, and a fitness exercise as well. It has a long history in China.

太极拳动作缓慢而柔和，适合任何年龄、性别、体型的人练习。

With slow and gentle movements, Tai Chi is suitable for people of any age, sex, or body type to practice.

太极拳既可防身，又能强身健体，因而深受中国人的喜爱。

It can be used to provide self-defense as well as build the body.Therefore, it has become very popular among Chinese people.

太极拳在发展的过程中，借鉴并吸收了中国传统哲学、医术、武术的合理内容（element），成为特色鲜明的一项运动。

During its development, Tai Chi borrowed and absorbed desirable elements from traditional Chinese philosophy, medicine, and martial arts, and it has developed into a sport with unique features.

作为中国特有的一种运动形式，太极拳也越来越受到众多外国朋友的喜爱。

As a unique sport in China, Tai Chi is also gaining increasing popularity among many foreign friends.

Unti6

改革开放以来，中国的教育事业得到了快速发展，取得了引人瞩目的成就。

Since its economic reform and opening-up to the world, China's education has gone through rapid development and made remarkable achievements.

中国政府把教育摆在优先发展的地位，坚持科教兴国（revitalize the country），全面提倡素质教育(quality-oriented education)。

The Chinese government gives top priority to the development of education, persists in revitalizing the country by science and education, and fully advocates quality-oriented education. 同时，积极推进教育公平，保障人人有受教育的机会。

Meanwhile, it actively promotes equality in education to guarantee everyone access to education.

中国的教育成就反映在两个不同的层面：

China's achievements in education can be reflected in two different layers:

一个是全面普及了九年义务教育（nine-year compulsory education），

One is the popularization of the nine-year compulsory education;

另一个是实现了高等教育大众化（mass higher education）。

the other is the realization of mass higher education.

教育的发展为中国的经济发展和社会进步作出了重大贡献。

The development of education has made significant contributions to China's economic development and social progress.

近年来，为适应社会、经济发展的需要，

In recent years, to satisfy the needs of social and economic development,

中国政府不断加快培养各领域的急需人才。

TheChinese government has sped up the training of qualified personnel urgently needed in various fields.

为人诚信，以和为贵是中华民族的传统美德。"和"的思想体现在很多方面。Integrity and harmony are traditional Chinese virtues."Harmony" is demonstrated in various aspects.

在处理人与人的关系上，中国传统思想主张"和为贵"以及"家和万事兴"，从而创造一个和谐的社会环境。In regard to interpersonal relations, traditional Chinese thoughts hold that "Harmony is most precious" and "A family that lives in harmony will prosper". A harmonious social environment can be created based on these principles.

在人与自然的关系上，人类应当学会认识自然，尊重自然，保护自然。As for relations between human beings and nature, people should learn to understand, respect and protect nature.

人与人、人与社会、人与自然都需要"和谐"。

Harmony is essential to interpersonal relations, relations between human beings and society, as well as between human beings and nature.

如今，和谐发展依然是我们的治国之本和管理人才之道。

Nowadays, harmonious development is still the way of running the country and managing talented personnel.

随着我国社会经济和文化的发展，"和"的思想更加深入人心。

With the development of China's society, economy and culture, the idea of "harmony" goes even deeper into people's hearts.

中国正在向构建社会主义和谐社会的目标迈进。

China is on its way toward the goal of building a harmonious socialist society.

Unti8

新中国成立后，中国坚持（persist in）独立自主的和平外交政策，在外交领域取得了巨大成就。

Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, China has persisted in the independent foreign policy of peace, and made tremendous progress in foreign affairs.

截至2011年，中国已与172个国家建立了外交关系（diplomatic relations）。

By 2011, China had established diplomatic relations with 172 countries.

近年来，随着中国综合国力的提升（enhancement），中国在国际事务中的作用越来越重要，中国的国际地位得到进一步提升。

Over recent years, with the enhancement of its comprehensive national strength, China has been playing an increasingly important role in international affairs, and China's international status has been further enhanced.

在地区性事务中，中国积极推动各种区域合作，为维护地区和平、促进地区发展作出了重要贡献。

In regional affairs, China actively promotes all kinds of regional cooperation. It has made important contributions in maintaining regional peace and promoting regional development.

中国外交（diplomacy）将高举"和平、发展、合作、共赢"的旗帜（banner），

China's diplomacy will hold high the banner of "peace, development, cooperation and mutual benefit".

在和平共处五项原则的基础上，通过全面发展同各国的友好合作，为建设持久和平、共同繁荣的和谐世界作出不懈的努力（make unremitting efforts）。

On the basis of the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence and through all-round and friendly cooperation with various countries, China will make unremitting efforts to build a harmonious world of enduring peace and common prosperity.

Unti 1

中国书法(calligraphy)是一门独特的艺术、是世界上独一无二的艺术瑰宝。

Chinese calligraphy is a unique art and the unique art treasure in the world.

中国书法艺术的形成，发展与汉文字的产生与演进存在着密不可分的关系。

The formation and development of the Chinese calligraphy is closely related to the emergence and evolution of Chinese characters.

汉字在漫长的演变发展过程中，一方面起着交流思想、继承文化的重要作用，另一方面它本身又形成了一种独特的艺术。

In this long evolutionary process, Chinese characters have not only played an important role in exchanging ideas and transmitting culture but also developed into a unique art form.

书法能够通过作品把书法家个人的生活感受、学识、修养、个性等折射出来，所以，通常有“字如其人”的说法。

Calligraphic works well reflect calligraphers' personal feelings, knowledge, self-cultivation, personality, and so forth, thus there is an expression that "seeing the calligrapher's handwriting is like seeing the person".

中国书法不仅是中华民族的文化瑰宝，而且在世界文化艺术宝库中独放异彩。

As one of the treasures of Chinese culture, Chinese calligraphy shines splendidly in the world's treasure house of culture and art.

Unti 2

近年来，随着互联网技术的发展，我国的数字化教育资源建设取得了巨大的成就。

In recent years, with the development of Internet technology, the construction of digital education resources of our country has made great achievements.

很多高校建立了自己的数字化学习平台，数字化教学在教育中发挥着越来越大的作用。Many universities have set up their own digital learning platforms, and digital teaching is playing an increasingly important role in education.

和传统教学方式相比，数字化教学方式有很大的优势。

Compared with the traditional way of teaching, the digital way has a lot of advantages.

一方面，数字化教学使教学资源得以全球共享；

On one hand, digital teaching makes global sharing of teaching resources possible;

另一方面，它拓展了学习者的学习时间和空间，人们可以随时随地通过互联网进入数字化的虚拟学校学习。

on the other hand, it expands the learner's study time and space to learn, allowing people to get access to the digital virtual schools through the Internet anytime and anywhere.

这使得人类从接受一次性教育走向终身学习成为可能。

These advantages make it possible for people to shift from one-time learning to lifelong learning.

孝道（filial piety）是中国古代社会的基本道德规范（code of ethics）。

Filial piety is the basic code of ethics in ancient Chinese society.

中国人把孝视为人格之本、家庭和睦之本、国家安康之本。

Chinese people consider filial piety as the essence of a person's integrity, family harmony, and the nation's well-being.

由于孝道是儒家伦理思想的核心，它成了中国社会千百年来维系家庭关系的道德准则。With filial piety being the core of Confucian ethics, it has been the moral standard for the Chinese society to maintain the family relationship for thousands of years.

它毫无疑问是中华民族的一种传统美德。孝道文化是一个复合概念，内容丰富，涉及面广。It's undoubtedly a traditional Chinese virtue. The culture of filial piety is a complex concept, rich in content and wide in range.

它既有文化理念，又有制度礼仪（institutional etiquette）。

It includes not only cultural ideas but also institutional etiquettes.

一般来说，它指社会要求子女对父母应尽的义务，包括尊敬、关爱、赡养老人等等。Generally speaking, it refers to the obligation of children to their parents required by the society, including respect, care, support for the elderly and so forth.

孝道是古老的"东方文明"之根本。

Filial piety is fundamental to the ancient "Oriental civilization".

Unti 4

农历七月初七是中国的七夕节(Qixi Festival)，是中国传统节日中最具浪漫色彩的一个节日。July 7th on the Chinese calendar is Chinese Qixi Festival, the most romantic of all the traditional Chinese holidays.

一些大的商家每年都举办不同的活动，年轻人也送礼物给他们的情人。

Every year, some big businesses organize various activities, and young people send gifts to their lovers.

因此，七夕节被认为是中国的“情人节”(Valentine's Day)。

As a result, the Qixi Festival is considered to be Chinese "Valentine's Day".

七夕节来于牛郎与织女（Cowherd and Weaving Maid）的传说。

The Qixi Festival is derived from the legend of Cowherd and Weaving Maid.

相传，每年的这个夜晚，天上的织女都会与牛郎相会。

The legend holds that on this particular night every year the Weaving Maid in heaven meets with Cowherd.

所以，在七夕的夜晚，人们可以看到牛郎织女在银河（the Milky Way）相会。

So, people can see Cowherd and Weaving Maid meeting in the Milky Way on the night of Qixi.

姑娘们也会在这一天晚上向天上的织女乞求智慧，以获得美满姻缘。

On this night, girls would also beg Weaving Maid for some wisdom for a happy marriage.

但随着时代的变迁，这些活动正在消失，

But, with the changing of times, these activities are diminishing.

唯有标志着忠贞爱情的牛郎织女的传说一直流传民间。

All that remains is the legend of Cowherd and Weaving Maid, a sign of faithful love, continuously circulated among the folk.

丝绸之路（Silk Road）是我国古代一条连接中国和欧亚大陆（Eurasia）的交通线路，由于这条商路以丝绸贸易为主，故称"丝绸之路"。

The Silk Road is a traffic route in the ancient times connecting China and Eurasia. This trade route focuses on the trade of silk, hence the name "the Silk Road".

作为国际贸易的通道和文化交流的桥梁，丝绸之路有效地促进了东西方经济文化交流和发展，对世界文明进程有着深远影响。

As an international trade channel and a bridge of cultural exchanges, the Silk Road effectively improved the economic and cultural exchanges and development between the East and the West, exerting a profound impact on the progress of the world civilization.

当前，在新的历史条件下，我国提出了"一带一路"（One Belt, One Road）（即"丝绸之路经济带"和"21世纪海上丝绸之路"）的战略构想。

Nowadays, under the new historical circumstances, our country proposes the strategy of "One Belt, One Road" (namely the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st-century Maritime Silk Road).

"一带一路"以合作共赢为核心，强调相关各国的互利共赢和共同发展。

The strategy of "One Belt, One Road" focuses on cooperation and mutual benefits, emphasizing mutual benefits, win-win, as well as common development of the related countries.

这一战略一经提出即受到沿线各国的积极响应。

Once proposed, the strategy has received positive responses from the related countries along the road.

Unti 6

国民幸福指数（National Happiness Index，NHI）是衡量人们幸福感的一种指数，也是衡量一个国家或地区经济发展、居民生活与幸福水平的指标工具。

National Happiness Index (NHI) is an index that measures how happy people are. It is also a tool that measures the levels of economic development and people's livelihood and happiness in a country or region.

随着中国经济的高速增长，中国政府越来越重视人民群众生活质量和幸福指数的提升。With the fast growth of Chinese economy, the Chinese government has been paying more and more attention to people's living quality and the increase of happiness index.

政府注重改善民生，努力改善人民群众的经济状况，满足人民群众日益增长的物质文化需求。The government stresses improvement of its people's livelihood, striving to improve their economic conditions and meet their growing material and cultural needs.

当前，中国政府提倡释放改革红利，让人民群众得到更多实惠。

Currently, the Chinese government advocates the unleashing of more reform dividends, with the aim of offering more real benefits to its people.

所有这些都将有效促进我国国民幸福指数不断提升。

All these measures will combine to effectively increase the NHI of our people.

中国是丝绸的故乡，因而有很多与丝绸相关的艺术，刺绣（embroidery）就是其中的一种。China is home to silk, thereby having a variety of arts related to silk, one of which is embroidery. 刺绣是中国民间传统手工艺之一，至少有两、三千年的历史。

Embroidery, with at least two or three thousand years of history, is one of the Chinese traditional folk arts and crafts.

从事刺绣的多为女子，因此刺绣又被称为"女红"（women's needlework）。

Since most embroiderers are women, it's also called "women's needlework".

刺绣在中国受到了人们广泛的喜爱。

Embroidery has been much-loved by the Chinese people.

刺绣可用来装饰衣物，如在衣服、被子、枕套（pillowcase）等物品上绣上美丽的图案，也可制作成特别的饰品（ornament）。

It can be used to beautify clothing and things. For example, clothes, quilts, pillowcases etc. can be embroidered with beautiful designs, or a piece of embroidery can be made for a special ornament.

中国有四大名绣: 苏州的苏绣、广东的粤绣、湖南的湘绣以及四川的蜀绣。各种绣法不仅风格有差异，主题也各有不同。

There are four most famous types of embroidery in China: Suxiu from Suzhou, Yuexiu from Guangdong, Xiangxiu from Hunan, and Shuxiu from Sichuan, each having its own style and theme.

在这其中，苏州的苏绣最负盛名。

Among the four, Suzhou embroidery has enjoyed the highest reputation.

Unti 8

新中国成立以来，特别是改革开放以来，中国政府在生态环境(eco-environmental) 保护方面做出了大量努力，取得了有效进展。

Since the founding of New China, especially since the economic reform and door-opening to the world, the Chinese government has made considerable efforts in eco-environmental protection and achieved effective progress.

政府采取了一系列保护和改善生态环境的重大举措，譬如积极推进重点生态工程，加强生态系统建设(ecosystem) 及生物多样性保护(biodiversity conservation)，建立了一批自然保护区(nature reservation)、生态示范区(ecological demonstration zones)、风景名胜区和森林公园。The government has taken a series of important measures to protect and improve the ecological environment, such as actively promoting key ecological projects, enhancing ecosystem construction and biodiversity conservation, establishing a number of nature reservations, ecological demonstration zones, scenic spots and forest parks.

加强生态环境的保护和建设，实现人与自然和谐相处，是构建社会主义和谐社会（harmonious society）的重要目标之一。

One of the important goals of building a socialist harmonious society is to strengthen ecological protection and construction and to achieve harmony between man and nature.

环境保护和生态文明建设为中国经济、社会的可持续发展提供了坚实的基础。Environmental protection and ecological civilization construction have provided a solid foundation for the sustainable development of China's economy and society.

新视野Book3

Unit 1

如今，很多年轻人不再选择“稳定”的工作，他们更愿意自主创业，依靠自己的智慧和奋斗去实现自我价值。

Nowadays, many young people no longer choose“stable”jobs. Instead, they prefer to start their own businesses and realize their self-value through their own wisdom and efforts.

青年创业(young entrepreneurship)是未来国家经济活力的来源，

Young entrepreneurship is the source of national economic vitality in the future.

创业者的成功不但会创造财富、增加就业机会、改善大家的生活，从长远来看，对于国家更是一件好事，创业者正式让中国经济升级换代的力量。

The success of entrepreneurs not only creates fortune, increases job opportunities, improves people’s life, but it is also good for the country in the long term.

尤其是在当前，国家鼓励大众创业、万众创新，在政策上给予中小企业支持，Entrepreneurs are a driving force in upgrading China’s economy. Especially for the time being, our country is encouraging people to start their own businesses and make innovations and giving policy support for medium and small businesses.

这更加激发了年轻人的创业热情。

This further arouses young people’s enthusiasm to start their own businesses.

Unit 2

实现中华民族伟大复兴（rejuvenation)是近代以来中国人民最伟大的梦想，我称之为“中国梦”，

Realizing the great national rejuvenation, which we define as the Chinese Dream, has been the greatest Chinese expectation since modern times.

其基本内涵是实现国家富强、民族振兴、人民幸福。中国梦，是让每一个积极进取的中国人形成世世代代的信念：只要经过不懈的奋斗便能获得更好的生活。

It basically means achieving prosperity for the country, renewal of the nation and happiness for the people,thus ensuring that every enterprising Chinese carries, generation after generation,the firm conviction that a better life is accomplished through persistent effort.

人们必须通过自己的勤奋、勇气、创意和决心迈向繁荣，而不是依赖于社会和他人的援助。People should achieve their prosperity through diligence, courage, creativity and determination instead of aid from society or other people.

每个中国人都是中国梦的参与者和创造者。中国梦是民族的梦，也是每个中国人的梦。Each individual is a participant and a designer in the cause of realizing the Chinese Dream, for it is a dream not only for the entire nation but also for every Chinese.

水墨画（ink and wash painting）是中国独具特色的传统艺术形式之一，是中国国画的代表。Ink and wash painting, one of the unique traditional art forms of China, is representative of Chinese painting.

它大约始于唐代，兴盛于宋代和元代，距今已有一千多年的历史，其间经历了不断的发展、提高和完善。

It began around the time of the Tang Dynasty, and then prospered in the Song and Yuan dynasties. With a history of over one thousand years, it has experienced constant development, improvement and perfection.

水墨画的创作工具和材料是具有浓厚中国特色的毛笔、宣纸和墨，其作品特点也与此紧密相关。

The tools and materials used to create ink and wash tob_id_5309painting, i.e. brushes, rice paper, and ink, are characteristic of Chinese culture and closely related to the features of the paintings.例如，水和墨相互调和，使作品具有干湿浓淡的层次。

For example, the mixing of water and ink creates different shades of dryness, wetness, thickness and thinness.

水墨和宣纸的交融渗透也使画作善于表现丰富的意向，从而达到独特的审美效果。

The integration and infiltration of water, ink, and rice paper enables such paintings to convey rich images, and hence to achieve unique aesthetic effects.

水墨画在中国绘画史上具有很高的地位，甚至被认为是衡量东方绘画艺术水平的标准。

Ink and wash painting holds a high status in the history of Chinese painting, and it is even regarded as the criterion to evaluate the artistic level of Oriental paintings.

Unit4

丽江地处云南省西北部，境内多山。

Lijiang is a mountainous city in northwest Yunnan Province.

丽江古城坐落在玉龙雪山脚下，是一座风景秀丽的历史文化名城，

The old town of Lijiang, located at the foot of Jade Dragon Snow Mountain, is a town of scenic beauty and known for its history and culture.

也是我国保存完好的少数民族古城之一。

It is also a well-preserved old town with features of ethnic minorities.

丽江古城始建于南宋，距今约有800年的历史。

The construction work of the old town was started from the Southern Song Dynasty about 800 years from now.

丽江不仅历史悠久，而且民族众多，少数民族人口占全区人口的半数以上。

Not only does Lijiang boast a long history, but also it boasts many ethnic minorities who make up over a half of the total population in the region.

随着丽江旅游业的发展，到丽江古城观光游览的中外游客日益增多。

With the booming of Lijiang tourism, the old town of Lijiang is receiving a growing number of tourists from home and abroad.

1997年12月，丽江古城申报世界文化遗产获得成功，填补了中国在世界文化遗产中无历史文化名城的空白。

In December 1997, the old town succeeded in applying to be named a World Cultural Heritage Site, filling the gap of lacking a noted historical and cultural city in China on the World Cultural Heritage List.

中国是茶叶的故乡，也是茶文化的发源地。

China is the hometown of tea and the birthplace of tea culture.

自古以来，茶叶就被誉为中华民族的“国饮”。

Since ancient times, tea has been known as the national drink of China.

无论是文人墨客生活中的“琴棋书画诗酒茶”，还是贫民百姓生活中的“柴米油盐酱醋茶”，茶都是必备品。

In both the Chinese scholars’ seven daily necessities, namely music, chess, calligraphy, painting, poetry, win e and tea and common people’s seven ones, namely firewood, rice, oil, salt, soy sauce, vinegar and tea, tea is listed as one of the necessities.

同时，中国欧式文明古国，礼仪之邦。

Meanwhile, China is a country with ancient civilization and a land of courtesy.

凡是来了客人或者朋友，沏茶、敬茶的礼仪必不可少。

The practice of making and serving tea is essential whenever there are guests or friends.

随着中外文化交流和商业贸易的发展，中国茶及茶文化传向了全世界。

With the development of cultural exchange, commerce and trade between China and other countries, Chinese tea and tea culture spread to the world.

现在五大洲有不少国家种茶，也有很多国家从中国进口茶。

Today, a number of countries across the five continents grow tea plants, and many countries import tea from China.

中国茶和中国的丝绸及瓷器一样，已经成为中国在全世界的代名词。

Chinese tea, like Chinese silk and chinaware, has become synonymous with China in the world.

Unit 6

《孙子兵法》（The Art of War）是我国古代著名的军事家（strategist）孙武的著作。

The Art of War was written by Sun Wu, a famous ancient Chinese strategist.

它既是一部经典的军事著作，又是一部光辉的哲学著作，是我国灿烂的古代文化中一份珍贵的遗产。

A classic work not only of military value but also of great philosophical significance, The Art of War is a precious heritage of brilliant ancient Chinese culture.

孙武在书中揭示了一系列具有普遍意义的军事规律，提出了一套完整的军事理论体系。Sun Wu disclosed in his book a series of military rules and principles, and put forward a complete system of military theory.

这一理论体系不仅深受战国以来历代军事家的重视和推崇，对他们的军事思想和实践产生了重要的影响，而且在世界军事思想领域也拥有广泛的影响，享有极高的声誉。

His theory has been highly regarded by strategists since the Warring States Period and exerted strong impacts on their thought and practice. Moreover, it has yielded a worldwide influence in the field of military thought, enjoying extremely high prestige.

上海自贸区（Shanghai Free Trade Zone）是中国政府于2013年设立在上海的自由贸易区。Shanghai Free Trade Zone is a free trade zone in Shanghai that was launched in 2013 by the Chinese government.

上海自贸区总面积为28.78平方公里，是中国大陆境内第一个自由贸易区，也是进行一系列经济改革的“试验田”（testing ground）。

Covering an area of 28.78 square kilometers, Shanghai Free Trade Zone is the first of its kind in China's mainland, and is regarded as a "testing ground" for a number of economic reforms.

设立上海自贸区是顺应全球经贸发展新趋势，实行更加积极主动开放战略的一项重大举措。The establishment of the free trade zone is a significant measure taken to actively promote the opening-up strategy under the new global economic and trade situation.

其主要任务是为全面深化改革开放探索新路径、积累新经验。

It undertakes a major task to explore new ways and accumulate new experience for the deepening of reform and opening up in an all-round way.

上海自贸区作为试点（pilot project），是中国经济的“试金石”（touchstone），将为深化改革、促进经济活力起到积极的推动作用。

As a pilot project, Shanghai Free Trade Zone will become a "touchstone" for Chinese economy. It will play an active role in deepening reforms and boosting economic vigor.

Unit 8

中央电视台春节联欢晚会（简称“春晚”）自1983年开办以来，已成为中国人文化生活中不可缺少的文化消费品和一个挥之不去的文化符号。

The CCTV Spring Festival Gala (Spring Festival Gala for short), which was started in 1983, has become an indispensable cultural consumer product and a cultural symbol in the cultural life of the Chinese people.

虽然众口难调，但必须承认的是，“春晚”已成为公众所不可缺少的“新民俗”。

Though it's hard to satisfy the tastes of all the people, it has to be admitted that the Spring Festival Gala has become a "new custom" for the public that they can't live without.

春晚不仅是一台晚会，更是一种仪式与象征，一种文化与标签，一种情感与寄托。

The Spring Festival Gala is more than a gala; it is a ritual and a symbol, a culture and a label, and an emotion and a place where people entrust their hearts to.

随着时代发展及新媒体的出现，观众的选择和需求日渐多样化，

With the development of the times and the emerging of new media, the audiences are having more diversified choices and demands.

“春晚”也在与时俱进，以满足大众日益增长的文化需求。

Corresponding, the Spring Festival Gala is also advancing with the times to satisfy the growing cultural needs of the people.

第一单元

中庸思想是儒家思想的重要内容。

The Doctrine of the Mean is the core of Confucianism.

孔子所谓的“中”不是指“折中”，而是指在认识和处理客观事物时的一种“适度”和“恰如其分”的方法。

The so-called “mean”by Confucius doesn’t mean “compromise”but a “moderate”and “just-right”way when understanding and handling objective things.

孔子主张不仅要把这种思想作为一种认识和处理事物的方法来看待，而且还通过自身修养和锻炼，把它融入自己的日常行为当中，使之成为一种美德。

Confucius advocated that this thought should not only be treated as away to understand and deal with things but alsobe integrated into one’s daily conduct to makeit a virtue through self-cultivation and training.

中庸思想是儒家思想的核心，也是中国传统文化的重要组成部分。

The Doctrine of the Mean is not only the core ofConfucianism but also an important componentof traditional Chinese culture.

从它形成到现在，一直为民族精神的构建、民族智慧的传播、民族文化的发展发挥着不可估量的作用。

From the time itcame into being to the present, it has played aninvaluable role in the construction of nationalspirit, the transmission of national wisdom, and the development of national culture.

第二单元

中国的四大名著是指《三国演义》《水浒传》《西游记》《红楼梦》四部著名小说。

The four great classic Chinese novels are Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Outlaws of theMarsh, Journey to the West and A Dream of Red Mansions.

它们的创作时间均处于元末明初至清代期间，

All the four novels were written during the periodfrom the late Yuan and early Ming dynasties tothe Qing Dynasty.

其内容反映了中国古代的政治和军事斗争、社会矛盾、文化信仰等各个方面。

They all reflect various aspectsof ancient China, including political andmilitarystrife, social conflicts and cultural beliefs.

四大名著具有很高的艺术水平，代表了中国古典小说的高峰。

Thefour novels are of supreme artistic standards,representing the peak of China’s classic novels.

书中的许多人物和场景在中国家喻户晓，并且已深深地影响了整个民族的思想观念和价值取向。

Lots of the characters and scenes in the books areWell-known in China and have exerted profoundinfluences on the ideology and values of the entire nation.

四本著作在中国古代民俗、封建制度、社会生活等多个领域皆有巨大的研究价值，是中国乃至全人类的宝贵文化遗产。

Highly valuable for the research of China’sancient customs, feudal system, and social life, thefour classic novels are precious cultural relics ofChina as well as the human society as a whole.

第三单元近年来，随着互联网技术的迅猛发展，互联网经济已成为一个热门话题。

In recent years, with the rapid development of Internet technology, the Internet economy hasbecome a hot issue.

以蓬勃发展的电子商务为代表的互联网经济已成为经济发展的重要引擎。

As represented by the promisingE-commerce, the Internet economy has become astrong driving force for the economic development.

我国政府高度重视发展互联网经济，提出了“互联网+”的概念，以推动互联网与医疗、交通、教育、金融、公共服务等领域的结合。

Our government attaches great importance todeveloping the Internet-economy and proposes the concept of “Internet Plus”, aiming to integratethe Internet with other industries, such as healthcare, transportation, education, finance, and publicservice.

这将为互联网经济的发展提供极大地发展潜力和更广阔的发展空间。

This will create great potential and broadprospects for the development of the Internet economy. 随着“互联网+”战略的深入实施，互联网必将与更多传统行业进一步融合，助力打造“中国经济升级版”

With the implementation of the“InternetPlus”strategy, the Internet is certain to be integratedwith more traditional industries and help build “theupgradedversion of the Chinese economy”.

第四单元苏州园林是中国古典园林最杰出的代表，大部分为私家所有。

Suzhou gardens are the most outstanding representatives of classical Chinese gardens.Most of them were privately-owned.

苏州园林始于春秋，兴于宋元，盛于明清。

The gardens first appeared in the Spring and Autumn Period,developed in the Song and Yuan dynasties, andflourished in the Ming and Qing dynasties.

清末苏州已有各色园林170余处，为其赢得了“园林之城”的称号。

Bythe late Qing Dynasty, Suzhou had got as manyas over 170 gardens of diverse styles, Winning itthe name “The City of Gardens”.

现保存完好的园林有60多处，对外开放的有十余处。

Now, over 60gardens are kept in good condition, of which morethan 10 are open to the public.

其中沧浪亭、狮子林、拙政园和留园分别代表着宋、元、明、清四个朝代的艺术风格，被称为“苏州四大名园”。

The Surging WavePavilion, the Lion Grove Garden, the HumbleAdministrator’s Garden and the Lingering Gardenare called the four most famous gardens in Suzhourepresenting the artistic styles of the Song, Yuan,Ming and Qing dynasties respectively.

苏州园林宅园合一，可赏，可游，可居，Suzhougardens are assemblies of residences and gardens,which makes them suitable places for living, visitingand appreciating.

其建筑规制反应力中国古代江南民间的生活方式和礼仪习俗。

The architectural principles of the gardens are a demonstration of the lifestylesand social customs of the ancient Chinese peoplein the south of the Lower Yangtze River.

苏州园林不仅是历史文化的产物，同时也是中国传统思想文化的载体。

Suzhougardens are not onlya product of Chinese historyand culture, but also a carrier of traditional Chinese ideology and culture.

1997年，苏州园林被联合国教科文组织列入“世界遗产名录”

In 1997,Suzhou gardens were inscribed on the World Heritage List by UNESCO.

中华文明曾对世界文明产生过重大影响。

Chinese civilization once had a significant influence on world civilization.

近年来，随着我国经济的发展和国际地位的提升，历史悠久的中国文化正引起世界新的关注。With the development of our country’s economy and the rise of her international status in recent years, Chinese culture, which has a long history, is once again attracting globalattention.

越来越多的中国元素为当今世界时尚、文学、影视作品等提供了创作灵感，成为热门题材。More and more Chinese cultural elementsprovide inspiration for and become popular subjectsof fashions, literature and movies around the world.

这一现象表明，世界需要中国文化。

This shows that the world needs Chinese culture.

在这种背景下，我国决定实施文化“走出去”大力推动了我国文化产业的发展，正成为提升我国国家形象和综合实力的有效途径。

Itwas in this context that China decided to implementthe “Culture Exporting” strategy so as to enhanceher cultural exchanges with the rest of the world. After several years’ efforts, great achievements havebeen made in this respect. “Culture Exporting” hasgreatly promoted the development of our culturalindustries. It is becoming an effective approachthrough which China enhances her nationalimageand comprehensive strength.

第六单元

博鳌亚洲论坛是一个非政府、非营利性的国际组织。

Boao Forum for Asia (BPA) is a non-governmental, non-profit international organization.

它是由25个亚洲国家和澳大利亚发起的，于2001年正式成立，总部位于中国南部的海南省博鳌镇。

Initiated by25 Asian countries and Australia, it was officially founded in 2001. The organization is headquarteredinBoao Town in China’s Hainan Province.

博鳌亚洲论坛以平等、互惠、合作和共赢为主旨，致力于推动亚洲各国之间的经济交流、协调与合作，并增强亚洲与世界其他地区的对话和联系。

Withequality, mutual benefit, cooperation and win-win as its objectives, EPA is devoted to promoting economic exchanges, coordination and cooperationbetween Asian countries as well as enhancingdialogs and ties between Asia and other parts of theworld.

它为有关国家的政府、企业及专家学者提供了一个共商亚洲以及全球事务的高层次平台。The forum provides a high-level platformwhere governments, businesses and scholars fromrelevant countries discuss Asian and global affairs.

通过区域经济的进一步合作，博鳌亚洲论坛将推进亚洲国家实现发展目标，为建设一个更加繁荣、稳定、和平的新亚洲作出贡献。

Through further regional economic cooperation,BFA will facilitate the realization of Asian countries’goals and contribute to a new Asia that boasts greater prosperity, stability and peace.

城乡一体化是我国现代化和城市化发展的一个新阶段，

Urban-rural integration is a new stage of China’s modernization and urbanization process.

是要通过对城乡发展实行统筹规划，并通过体制改革和政策调整，破除城乡二元经济结构，实现城乡在政策上平等，在产业发展模式上互补，让农村居民享受到与城镇居民同样的文明和福利。

It aims to break the urban and rural dual economic structure through making integrated plans for urban andrural development, and through system reform and policy adjustment, so that the urban and ruralareas will finally achieve equal policies and realizecomplementary developing patterns, enabling therural residents to enjoy the same level of civilizationand equal benefits with the urban residents.

城乡一体化是一项重大而深刻的社会变革。它使整个城乡经济能够全面、协调、可持续的发展。

Urban-rural integration is a significant and profound socialreform which enables comprehensive, coordinatedand sustainable development of the entire urban-rural economy.

只有大力推进城乡一体化，妥善处理城乡关系，加强城乡合作，缩小城乡差距，才能确保到2020年我国实现全面建设小康社会的宏伟目标。

Only by enhancing urban-ruralintegration, and by properly managing urban-ruralrelationships, increasing urban-rural collaborationand narrowing the gap between urban and ruralareas, can we guarantee that our country realize theblueprint goal of building a well-off society in anall-round way by 2020.

第八单元

近年来，社会的发展和就业形势的变化对大学生提出了更高的要求。

In recent years, the social development andchanges in employment situation have put higherrequirements on college students.

越来越多的大学生不再局限于书本知识的学习，他们开始走出“象牙塔”，利用业余时间积极投身于社会实践活动。

Instead ofconfining themselves to the knowledge in books,more and more college students are stepping-outof the “Ivory Tower” and taking an active partin social practice in their spare time.

通过社会实践活动，大学生可以更多的了解社会，增强社会责任感，提高分析问题和解决问题的能力。

Throughsocial practice, college students can have a deeperunderstanding of society, increase their sense ofsocial responsibility, and improve their analyticaland problem-solving abilities.

同时，参加社会实践活动还可以帮助学生认识到自身的不足，明确未来努力的方向。Meanwhile, takingpart in social practice can also help studentsrecognize their own shortcomings and have a clearidea about where they are to go in the future.

所有这些都将为他们积累社会阅历和工作经验，为未来的就业或创业打下良好的基础。Allthese benefits will help them build up social andwork experience, which will lay a solid foundationfor them in finding jobs or starting their ownbusinesses in the future.