(完整word版)研一学术综合英语学术综合英语词汇翻译完整版

Unit 1

SECTION A

Task 2

A

(1)Contrary to what they predicted, the disease broke out and killed thousands of people.

与他们的预测相反，病情爆发并且夺去了数千人的生命。

(2)Without receiving her reply as scheduled he regarded it as implicit acceptance.

没有如期收到她的答复（回复），他认为她这是默许接受了。

(3)He repeated his assertion that he was not guilty in front of the jury in court.

法庭之上，他在陪审团面前重申了他无罪的声明。

(4)Using the Internet, he was able to look up information on a terrible disease torturing his wife.

他可以运用互联网查找一种折磨他妻子的可怕疾病的信息。

(5)The young man adapted well to the city life and his new environment.

这个年轻人非常适应城市生活和新环境

(6)There is not enough oxygen in the Moon’s atmosphere to sustain plant life.

月球大气中没有足够的氧气来维持植物的生命。

(7)What you prepare for your speech, be sure to cite unbiased qualified sources.

当你在准备演讲时，一定要引用不偏不倚并且高质量的信息源。

(8)In the course of children’s language acquisition, adults should pay attention to grammar.

在儿童学习语言的过程中，大人们应该注意语法。

(9)It is known to all Arabic children that “ship of the desert” is a metaphor for the camel.

所有的阿拉伯孩子们都知道，“沙漠之舟”是骆驼的隐喻。

(10)Clutter is one of the things you should try to eliminate when you make a speech.

乱堆积辞藻是你在发表演讲时应该尝试消除的事情之一。

Task2

B

(1)The government decided to take concrete steps to bolster its faltering economy.

政府决定出台具体的措施来振兴止步不前的经济。

(2)The evidence he presented at the meeting was credible, according to his viewpoint.

根据他的观点，他在会议中提出的证据是可靠的。

(3)At the conference, he made an impromptu speech, which left a deep impression on every participant.

他在会议上发表了一个即兴演讲，给每个参与者都留下了深刻的印象。

(4)Experts warn that mankind should use natural resources sparingly.

专家警告，人类应该有节制地使用自然资源。

(5)An anecdote about Albert Einstein was rewritten and published in the Reader’s Digest.

关于阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦的一段轶事被重写，并且刊登在了《读者文摘》上。

(6)He needs to build up his credentials with his colleagues in biological research.

他需与他的同事建立在生物研究中的威信。

(7)The photographer used a juxtaposition of fat and thin modles to demonstrate the beauty.

摄影师运用并列的一胖一瘦的模特来展示美。

SECTION B

T ask 2

(1)At the conference he made an impassioned speech which stirred up almost everyone’s passion.

在会议上，他发表了一篇充满激情的演讲，激起了几乎每个人的热情。

(2)Some populous provinces in this country are often inundated with floods in summer.

在夏天，这个国家的一些人口大省经常被洪水淹没。

(3)Global warming has become one of the most poignant problems human beings are faces with.

全球变暖已经成为人类面临的最尖锐的问题之一。

(4)His sudden resignation as Prime Minister spawn some rumors about the Cabinet.

由于他突然辞去总统的职位，产生了一些关于内阁的谣言。

(5)Normal agriculture would be disrupted due to the sudden change of climate.

由于气候的突变，正常的农业生产活动将被中断。

(6)His reputation was adversely affected by his irresponsible speech in public.

他在公共场所发表的不负责任的演说，给他的声誉造成了不良的影响。

(7)Experts are seeking the way to localize that disease first, and then to get rid of it.

专家先在寻找控制疾病在某一区域的办法，然后再来摆脱它。

(8) A war between the two countries was trigger by their dispute in the East.

两国之间的战争是由他们在东部的争端所引起的。

(9)They finally identified the car as Peter’s.

他们最终确定了这台车是彼得的。

(10)As his salary is low, he has taken two part-time job to supplement his income to support his big family.

由于他的薪水很低，他已经做了两份兼职工作，补充他的收入来支持他的大家庭。

Unit 2

PAGE 46 A

1. I can't remember exactly what triggered the explosion but it was pretty devastating.

我不能准确地记起是什么引发了爆炸，但爆炸是相当具有毁灭性的。

2. Of course, that posed a new set of problems for Mum and Dad who were constantly running around trying to contain my wanderlust.

当然，这给爸妈造成了一系列新的问题，他们不断地东奔西走尝试控制我的旅行欲。

3. The industry has pumped massive amounts of money into political campaigns, making it less and less likely that politicians will deal with the issue sensibly.

工业已经给政治运动注入了大量资金，使政治家们可能越来越不能理智地处理问题。

4. I was asked to contribute to a newspaper article making predictions for the New Year.

我被要求去投一篇关于新年预测的新闻稿。

5. If it were as cheap and easy to get online here as in America, the British might triple their time at the computer.

如果在这里上网像在美国一样既便宜又容易的话，那么英国人会花三倍的时间在电脑上。

6. After 1989, the external menace vanished, but the danger to American civilization remained.

1989年后，外部的威胁消失了，但美国文明的危险因素依然存在。

7. As the surgeon's health worsened, he became a liability to the hospital.

随着外科医生健康恶化，他变成了医院的一个不利因素。

8. Today, that consensus has given way to a myriad of family styles as a result of people living longer, marrying later, divorcing more often and changing mates to suit the seasons of their lives.

如今，由于人们寿命增长、结婚推迟、离婚率上升、变换伴侣来应对人生阶段的不同需求，这种观念已经为多种家庭生活方式所取代。

9. In order to avoid a good deal of frustration (not to mention time, effort, and shoe leather) that a job search entails, you might want to consider the following approach : conduct a planned, focused job search.

为了避免求职势必带来的深重的挫败感（更不用说付出的时间和努力），你可能需要考虑这个方法：进行有计划有目标的求职。10. A more plausible explanation would seem to be that people are fed up with the Conservative government.

一个更合理的解释是人们对保守党政府感到厌烦。

PAGE 46 B

1. As we feel our way around the first months of the 21st century, what seemed impossible in the last is becoming more and more believable(plausible).

大概21世纪的头几个月，当我们摸索前进时，曾经看起来不可能的事正在变得越来越可信。

2. In one sense, this could be good news for America: it could predict(portend) greater social consensus, with virtually everyone agreeing about the proper functions of government.

某种意义上来说，这对美国来说可能是好消息：它可以预期更全面的社会共识，同时几乎每个人都认同政府的适当职能。

3. What kind of task was that for a man who couldn't even discover(pin down) the truth about himself?

对于一个还不能准确认识自我的人，什么样的任务才是合适的呢？

4. Parts of Glasgow are the same as(on a par with) the worst areas of London and Liverpool for burglaries.

就入室盗窃来看，格拉斯哥的部分地区和伦敦及利物浦的最差地区一样差。

5. The most profound change in our society since the sixties has not been the arrival of new Britons but the appearance(emergence) of a new class.

16世纪以来我们社会最深刻的变革不是新英国人的到来而是一个新阶层的诞生。

6. Police say drugs traffickers are behind the increase(resurgence) of violence.

警方说，掩藏在日益增多的暴力事件背后的是毒贩。

7. They said yes, provided he did not publish anything that would take away from(detract from) their reputation.

他们同意了，（前提是）只要他不公开有可能损害他们名誉的任何信息。

8. The shortage (inadequacy) of clean energy resources plagues all nations.

清洁能源短缺困扰着每个国家。

PAGE 58

1. The industry, consequently, has been with rife rumors that Ford Motor Company might be about to wield an axe and eliminate between 4, 000 and 5, 000 jobs.

因此，业界（已经）普遍传言说福特汽车公司可能壮士断腕裁员4000至5000人。

2. I urge the government to change its position and work toward a viable alternative where the public is involved in the decision-making process.

我敦促政府改变其立场，致力于制定出切实可行的有公众参与决策过程的措施。

3. Nature is full of wonderful surprises and our ship, by virtue of her mission and size, is guided by it.

大自然充满了奇妙之处，凭她的广博，指导我们的航行。

4."You don't need to rely on donations or seek special legislation to get an equitable return from filming companies," says Obergh.

Obergh说：“你不需要依赖捐赠或者寻求特别法律法规来从电影公司获得应有的回报”

5. The implication is that you have drunk foolishly the night before and will not be up to the daily workload.

你昨晚酩酊大醉后果就是你无法完成日常的工作量。

6. The simple fact is, salt is added to so many processed foods in such large amounts that if such foods are a mainstay of your diet it's very difficult to avoid sodium.

事实很简单，太多加工食品使用了大量的盐以至于如果日常进食以这类食物为主就很难避免摄入钠。

7. The thread running through many of these proposals was the theme of individual power and opportunity.

贯穿这许多提案的主线围绕个人权力和机遇这一主题。

8.My view is simple and clear-cut: the idea of discriminating against a man simply because of the color of his skin is totally alien to everything I have been brought up to believe.

我的观点简单明了：仅仅因为肤色而歧视一个人的想法与我所相信的一切都是格格不入的。

9. Forty-five thousand pounds was a lot of money for playing cricket, but that was virtually all the deal had going for it. 尽管四万五千磅用来打板球是一大笔钱，但事实上几乎所有交易获得的钱都用来打板球了(或其他)。

10. Once they migrate, women often make little improvements in their relative status--indeed, their downward mobility as migrants generally far exceeds that of men.

一旦移居，在相对地位上女性鲜有提升——实际上，作为移居者，总的来说女性地位的下降程度要远远超过男性。

Unit3 Traffic

Vocabulary Development [P80-81]

A:

3.They asked him to leave. In other words, he was fired.

他们让他离开。换句话说，他被解雇了。

4.The United Nations troops enforced a ceasefire in this area.

联合国军队在这片区域执行停火协议。

5.The amount will be paid to everyone regardless of whether they have children or not.

无论他们是否有孩子，支付给每个人的金额是相同的。

6.Your paper does not address the real issues.

你的论文没有解决主要的问题。

7.How many vehicles were involved in the crash yesterday?

昨天的事故涉及多少辆车。

8.She felt an anxiety bordering on hysteria.

她感到焦虑接近歇斯底里的状态。

9.The new technology can be applied to farming.

新的技术能够应用于农业。

10.What do these results suggest to you?

这些结果对你有怎样的建议？

11.He has six previous convictions for theft and burglary.

他有六个有关偷盗和入室抢劫的前科。

12.We'll send you the copy as soon as it becomes available.

一旦我得到它我会给你一个复印版本。

B:

1.This incident was not without importance in the following development of events. (subsequent)

这个小事在随后的事件发展中很重要。

2.The company report a huge 85-million-dollar loss. （whopping）

公司报告其巨大的损失达8500万美元。

3.Several people were injured in the traffic accident yesterday, but there were no deaths. （fatalities）

昨天一些人在车祸中受伤了，但无人死亡。

4.The candidate’s speech was interrupted by applause occasionally. （sporadically）

候选人的演讲偶然地被掌声打断了。

5. Luckily she had left the island two days before the arrival of the devastating tsunami. （prior to）

幸运的她在致命的海啸来临前两天离开了岛屿。

5.It took me two months to urge him into action. （prod）

促使他采取行动花费了我两个月的时间。

6.The police have apparently found some new evidence about this case. （turned up）

警察显然已发现关于这个案件的一些新证据。

7.His decision to move to Mexico was based on a sudden wish. （whim）

他移民到墨西哥的决定基于他一时的念头。

8.It took the police two years to catch the murderer. （nail）

警察花了两年的时间抓这个凶手。

9. A 9-year-old boy was killed in an accident involving a stolen car last week. （crash）

上周，一个九岁的男孩死于一场车祸，而这辆肇事车是上周被偷的。

Vocabulary Development [P91]

1. The waves were huge, but they still ventured nervously into the water to save the girl.

虽然浪很大，但他们仍焦急的冲进水中救出这个女孩。

2. His novel’s success gave rise to a number of sequels.

他第一部小说获得成功，才让他又写了续集。

3. The inheritance of a big sum of money enabled him to indulge his passion for art.

他继承的一大笔钱使他可以满足他对艺术的热情。

4. The police have issued on appeal for information on the whereabouts of the man who killed seven women last year.

警方对去年杀死了七名女性的凶手发出了通缉。

5. The new president heeds people's concerns and advice

新总统很注意人们担心的事和建议。

6. If you travel by jet plane, Tokyo and Shanghai are virtually neighbors.

如果你乘喷气飞机旅行，东京和上海几乎是邻居。

7. All the arrangement are now in place for their visit.

针对他们的来访，一切安排就绪。

8. The contract spells out the company director's accountability to the shareholders.

合同规定了公司董事对股东的责任。

9. I'm afraid you are heading for trouble。

我怕你惹麻烦。

10. The task of the Pacific Tsunami Warning Center is to predict when and where tsunamis will happen.

太平洋海啸预警中心的任务是预测何时何地会发生海啸。

Section B [P91]

38.The government is trying to help these enterprises out of the B by various means.

A. flight (飞行；航班；飞翔；楼梯的一段)

B. plight(境况，困境；誓约)

C. delight(快乐，高兴；使人高兴的东西或人)

D. twilight(黎明，黄昏，暮光；暮年，晚期，晚年；衰退期，没落时期)

政府正试图通过各种手段帮助这些企业摆脱困境。

39.An archaeologist has to pay attention to C details of an unearthed object.

A. miserable (悲惨的; 令人痛苦的; 太少的;卑鄙的)

B. minus(负的;不利的;略低于某标准的)

C. minute (极小的; 微不足道的; 仔细的)

D. moist(潮湿的;微湿的;多雨的;含泪的)

考古学家必须注意出土文物的极小的细节。

40.The girl A her tablemate’s arm to see if she was fast asleep in class.

A. pinched (捏，掐；挤痛，夹痛)

B. punched(用拳猛击；打孔；（用压穿器）穿孔，冲孔)

C. pitched (扔，投；树起，搭起)

D. preached(布道，讲道；宣扬；说教；讲（道）)

女孩掐她的同桌的胳膊，看看她是否在课上熟睡了。

Unit 4

SECTION A

. Task 2. B. Vocabulary

1. Heavy smokers are twenty times more likely to be stricken by lung cancer than non-smokers.

A attacked B. Gripped C. Ravaged D. Stricken

Translation:烟瘾很大的人相对不吸烟者，患肺癌的概率要高出20倍。

2. Most States emphasized eradication of violence, particularly domestic violence, as a national priority area in national crime prevention strategies.

A.prerequisite

B. requirement

C. dominance

D. Priority

Translation:多数州强调杜绝暴力现象，尤其把杜绝家庭暴力作为预防国民犯罪策略的重中之重。

13.Some activists in the Women 's Movement call themselves feminists, while others who resist political activism choose not to label themselves "feminists" because they feel that the U.S. media often portrays feminists as people who are anti-men.

A rank B. label C. Brand D. Claim

Translation:女权运动中的某些积极分子称自己为“女权主义者”，然而那些反对政治激进主义的人却不愿这么做，因为他们认为美国媒体常把“女权主义者”说成是“反对男性”的人。

4.Women accounted for 10.5 percent of cabinet, ministerial and sub-ministerial offices in Commonwealth countries.

1.accounted for B. made up for C. consisted of D. comprised of

Translation:在组成联邦制国家内阁、部长以及副部长办公室的公职人员中，女性所占的比例为10.5%。

5.If he still hesitated it was because he didn't want to yield to the other man's pressure, to Alec's gift for getting his way.

A.making his way

B. getting his way

C. going his way

D. paying his way

Translation:如果他仍然犹豫不决，那是因为他不想屈服于对方的压力，以及不想让Alec得逞，因为他总是能轻易达到自己目的。

6.He had never in the past hesitated to make mischief if it served his curiosity.

A. make believe

B. make a show of himself

C. make mischief

D. make fun of himself

Translation:在过去，如果恶作剧能满足好奇心，那他会毫不犹豫地捉弄别人。

7. In court, the accused man claimed that he was innocent, saying that he had been framed .

A.betrayed

B. framed

C. deceived

D. defrauded

Translation:法庭上，被告人声称自己无罪，是受人陷害的。

8.More and more athletes play games just for money. Sport is being debased by commercialism.

A.debased

B. debilitated

C. degenerated

D. decayed

Translation:越来越多的运动员仅出于金钱诱惑而从事体育运动，竞技体育正在因商业化贬值。

9. Damaging the production machinery is an underhanded attempt to slow down our output.

A.undermanned

B. undermined

C. underground

D. underhanded

Translation:捣毁生产机器是一种妄图减缓我们产出速度的卑劣手段。

10. With an air of authority , as if every jug and bottle in the place existed to do his bidding, the landlord gave Harold his drink.

A.do his bidding

B. do his best

C. do his job

D. do his duty

Translation:酒吧老板将酒递给Harold，浑身散发出威严的气势，仿佛连周遭的酒具都臣服于他。

SECTION B

Task 2. Vocabulary

Choose one word from the given list to fill in the blanks in the following sentences.

portraying disruptive trauma momentum

flawed innuendos committed retribution initiate

1.What is ironical is that decades of feminism have only reinforced stereotypes about gender roles: women as caring, nurturing, emotional and sensitive; and men as practical, matter of fact, and emotionless.

Translation:具有讽刺意义的是，持续数十年的女权主义却使得性别角色的陈规更加稳固，即女性就是富有同情心，承担养育后代，易感情用事，情绪敏感的；而男性是务实，就事论事，从不轻易流露情感的。

2.Without reducing women 's poverty our work towards alleviating and eliminating poverty will be flawed. Translation:如果女性贫困的现象没有得到抑制，那么我们缓解以及消除贫困的工作就是存在缺陷的。

3.A feminist commentator once complained on television that portraying all jerks as men in TV commercials denies job opportunities to female actors.

Translation:一位支持女权主义的广播员，曾在某期电视节目中抱怨说，如今商业广告中普遍让男性扮演丑角的做法会剥夺女性演员的就业机会。

4.To achieve the United Nations new approach to global problems through a gender lens, all countries need to work closely with the UN to maintain the momentum created by the special session of the General Assembly in Beijing. Translation:从性别角度，为了响应联合国解决全球性问题的新举措，全世界应该紧密团结在联合国周围，把自联合国大会北京特别会议之后产生的良好势头保持下去。

5.The boy's parents are now living separately. He is afraid that he may have to go through the trauma of seeing his parents fight out a messy divorce.

Translation:那男孩的父母现处于分居状态，他很害怕将要承受目睹父母吵架离婚的心理创伤。

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/7a3097721.html,st month, President Bush committed $100 million a year for the next five years to a "Healthy Marriage Initiative" as part of the welfare reform bill reauthorization .

Translation:上个月，布什总统许诺将在接下来五年中，每年为“倡议美满婚姻”活动注资1亿美元，这成为重新授权后的福利改革法案里的一项政策。

7.In mixed-gender groups, at public gatherings, and in many informal conversations, men spend more time talking than do women. Men initiated more interactions than women do.

Translation:在男男女女聚会时，相比女士，在非正式的谈话中男士会交谈更多，也会主动发起比女士更多的互动。

8.When women speak up, they may be actively harassed. One woman reported that in responses to her online postings a man sent an email calling her "hairy-legged feminazi" and others sent innuendos about the probable deficits in her personal life.

Translation:当女性公开表态时，她们可能会被侵犯。一位女士举报一位男士发送了一封电子邮件来回复她的帖子，称她为“毛腿的女权主义者”，以及别人对她的私生活捕风捉影、散布谣言。

9.The following topic is one of the most controversial in the United States: Should the criminal justice system focus more on rehabilitation than retribution ?

Translation:接下来是，在美国最具争议性之一的话题：对刑事犯罪进行司法判决是否应该更注重让罪犯改过自新而不是严厉惩处罪犯。

10.You should turn off your cell phone when entering conference rooms, interviews, theatre, religious places of worship or any other places when it can be distracting or disruptive to others.

Translation:当你进入诸如会议室，面试场所，剧院，礼拜堂以及其他地方时，你应该关掉手机以免打扰或妨碍别人。

Test1

1.It is apparent that winning the scholarship is testimony of her intelligence in the field of physics.

A.parallelism

B.alliteration

C.testimony

D.rhythm

Translation:显然，获得这个奖学金证明了她在物理学领域的聪明才智。

2. As for the final test, the medical students were asked how they would treat a hypothetical case and were marked

according to their responses.

A.implicit

B.hypothetical

C.credible

D.sparing

Translation:至于医学专业的学生的期末考试，老师会对他们进行如何处理一个假想的病例的提问，从而根据学生反应来评分。

3. Students should be taught how to quote other people’s statements and also how to paraphrase them.

A.impose

B.execute

C.create

D.paraphrase

Translation:应该教学生如何去引用别人的论述并对其进行改述。

4. It is believed to be the band’s trademark, but after the briefest exposure, it becomes aggravating to large degree.

A.precipitating

B.aggravating

C.depending

D.proposing

Translation: 它被认为是乐队的招牌动作(或其他)，但一经公开后，大家都很讨厌它。

5. If the value of services exchanged or booked online were included as well, the figures would be more staggering still.

A.contracting

B.reconciling

C.staggering

D.burgeoning

Translation:如果把在线交易或预订服务带来的价值也囊括在内，数字将变得更加惊人。

6. Will you sign our supplication against the spreading of nuclear arms?

A.contract

B.supplication

C.agreement

D.potential

Translation:你会在反核武器扩散的请愿书上签名吗？

7. As a promising official, he was drawn by the chance to deal with important issues.

A.deal with

B.speak to

C.write to

D.turn to

Translation:作为一名有前途的官员，他总是对处理重大问题的机会很感兴趣。

8. The increasing violence and suicide bombings caught the coalition force off guard.

A.dominating

B.speaking

C.increasing

D.splitting

Translation:日益增长的暴力和自杀式爆炸袭击让同盟军措手不及。

9. Shopping malls have some advantage in suffering from shorter periods of inactive business.

A.stale

B.abundant

C.feeble

D.inactive

Translation:购物商城在应对短期的经济不景气方面有一定的优势。

10. According to the Geneva agreements no prisoners of war shall be subject to abuse.

A.customs

B.congresses

C.agreement

D.routine

Translation:根据日内瓦协定，战俘不应该遭受虐待。

Unit 5 Population

Section A

Task 2-A

1.Whether the cloning of human beings is morally justified is now on the na-tions’ moral agenda.

克隆人类道德上是否正当，现在正处于国家道德议程上

2. It is reported that the company will promulgate detailed rules and regula-tions for the efficiency standard of the new w ater heaters before the end of this years.

据悉，该公司将在今年年底前颁布有关新型热水器效率标准的详细规章制度。

3. High prices are deterring a lot of young couples from buying houses.

高房价正阻碍着许多年轻夫妇买房子

4. People particularly dislike politicians whose speeches are full of empty rhetoric. 修辞学；辩论法;华丽的文词；花言巧语；

人们尤其不喜欢那些演讲空洞无物的政治家

5. We should not stop eating for fear of choking. 窒息的，闭紧的；(声音)哽住的

我们不应该因噎废食。

6．The website was accused of distorting the fact and slandering the president

这个网站被指控歪曲事实和诽谤总统。（“被指控…”与“因为…被指控”还是有区别的）

7. If you have an open mindset , you will learn from everything

如果你具有开放的观念，那你将能从任何事情中学习。

8. Once a company caught cheating consumers, it will be very hard to restore its business credibility.

一旦一个公司被发现欺骗消费者，那么这家公司将很再难树立公司信誉。

9. Everyone was shocked to hear that the dog was the only beneficiary in the rich women’s will.

当听到这只狗是那位富有女人的唯一财产继承者的时候每个人都震惊了。

10．The accounting firm is very busy at the end of fiscal year auditing companies

会计事务所每个财政年末都会忙于审计各个公司

Task 2-B

1、A number of economic sanctions against the country are to be put into action.(enact)——制定

对该国的一些经济制裁将付诸行动。

2、A special task force was created to help carry out the new policy.(implement)——实施，使生效，

（他们）设立了特别工作组，以帮助实施这项新政策。

3、Unlike global warming and ozone depletion –which ,if the political will was there ,could be reduced by cutting gas emissions –preserving bio-diversity remains a problem that is extremely difficult to manage.(intractable)——难以管理或驾驭的

与全球变暖和臭氧枯竭不同，如果有政治意愿（要解决这两个问题），可以通过减少气体排放以减轻影响，但是保护生物多样性却是非常难处理的问题

4、T he police questioned the “Free Hugs” campaign ,saying that it has had a negative effect on social security.(impact)——影响

警方质疑“自由拥抱”运动，说这对社会安全产生了负面影响。

5、The suicide bombing could do serious damage to the delicate peace agreement that was signed by the two countries last month.(fragile)——脆弱的；易碎的

自杀式爆炸可能对上个月两国签署的脆弱的和平协议造成严重损害。

6、It has been alleged that the State Department received secret bribes from an arms dealer.(payoff)——贿赂

据称国务院收到军火商的秘密贿赂。

7、Most of the civil servants involved in the affair have been successfully charged publicly and dismissed.(prosecute)——起诉；控告

大部分涉事公务员都已被成功公诉并遭解雇。

8、I can respect someone who is answerable for their actions ,but I cannot respect someone who is always pointing the finger.(accountable)——负责任的，有责任的

我会尊重那些对他们的行为负责的人，但我不会尊重总是指手画脚的人。

9、We will make sure that the products made in China are sold and distributed in conformity with the U.S Export Administration Regulations and also local rules.(compliance)——服从；听从；承诺

我们将确保在中国制造的产品按照美国出口管理条例和地方法规出售和分发。

10、Just leave the children alone .Don’t take their trivial squabbles too seriously.(petty)——琐碎的；无价值的；不重要的

不要管孩子们了，对他们那琐碎的争吵别太认真。

Section B

Task 2

1.His idea of building a modern hospital has received full endorsement by the municipal administration

他那关于建设一所现代化医院的想法得到了市政府人员的一致赞同。

2. Shortly after the business started , a long economic downturn set in.

生意刚开始不久，就出现了长期的经济衰退.。

3. In most Chinese universities and colleges, boy used to outnumber girls ,but now the trend seems to be somewhat reversed.

中国大多数大专院校里男孩过去一向比女孩多，但现在的趋势似乎有些颠倒。

4. They want to stimulate economic growth in the region by offering incentives to foreign investor.

他们想通过向外国投资者提供激励（政策）来刺激该地区的经济增长。

5. The argument has been shamelessly perverted to serve the president’s propaganda campaign.

为了为总统的宣传活动效力，这论点被毫无羞耻地曲解了。（网上找到的例句刚好就是这句话）

6. With a(n) abundance of food and no natural enemy ,the animals bred quickly .

由于有了丰富的食物和没有天敌，动物得以快速繁殖。

7. Solar power could become a viable energy source, rendering fossil fuels obsolete.

太阳能可能成为一种可行的能源，这将使化石燃料过时。

8. This is a severely damaged disaster area, in which nearly half of the inhabitants, all the livestock, buildings, bridges, roads and cars were swept away by a tsunami two years ago.

这是一个严重受损的灾区，两年前，这里近一半的居民、所有牲畜、建筑物、桥梁、道路和汽车都被海啸冲走。

9. Even a slight increase in temperature will cause bacteria to multiply rapidly.

即使是轻微的温度升高也会使细菌迅速繁殖。

10. You must promise me that this problem will not recur.

你必须答应我，这个问题不会再发生。

Uint6 A City in China

Section A

Task 2-A

1. Innovation and hard work are the cornerstones of this company.

创新和努力是这个公司的基石。

2. The children seemed to prosper under their grandparent’s care.

看起来，孩子们在他们的祖父母的照顾下茁壮成长。

3. The sweep of the court’s decis ion could affect all car manufacturers

法院的决策将影响整个汽车制造业。

4. Some people seem to thrive on the pressure of working under a deadline.

有些人似乎喜欢在截至期限的压力下工作。

5. Farmers have bounced back from difficult times in the 1980s.

农民们已经从二十世纪八十年代的困难时期恢复过来了。

6. According to economic projections, China will overtake the USA in ten years.

根据经济预测，中国将在十年内超过美国。

7. The planet cannot sustain more than 6 billion people.

这个星球不能维持60亿多人生存。

8. He could barely disguise his scorn for her.

他几乎无法掩饰对她的蔑视。

9. The law prevents job discrimination against minorities and women.

法律禁止对少数民族和妇女的就业歧视。

10. Western leaders put the trade talks back on course.

西方领导人把贸易谈判提上日程。

Task 2-C

1. American companies have an advantage over their competition in this technology. (edge) 美国公司在技术上有竞争优势。

2. Skinner’s ideas were looked down u pon by many American psychologists. (scorned)

很多美国心理学家不认可Skinner的观点。

3. The plants thrived in the warm sun. (flourished)

植物在温暖的阳光下茁壮生长。

4. The report emphasizes the importance of childhood immunizations. (underscores)

这个报告强调了儿童免疫接种的重要性。

5. The kids wandered about the neighborhood. (roamed)

孩子们在社区附近闲逛。

6. They used to work together in this dirty factory. (grimy)

他们曾经在这个肮脏的工厂里一起工作。

7. We stayed in the suburbs of the capital. (outskirts)

我们待在首都的郊区。

8. This university’s prestige attracts students all over the world. (stature ).

这所大学的声望吸引了世界各地的学生。

Section B

Task 2

1.People in many cultures believe witch doctors have the power to bless or curse their lives. 人们在许多文化中相信巫医有祝福或诅咒他们的生活的能力。

2.Two bishops were jailed for their participation the demonstration.

两个主教因参与示威游行而被捕入狱

3.The ads tout everything from beauty products to electronic gadgets.

广告推销涉及从美容产品到电子产品的所有商品。

4.With a quickness that belied her age, she ran across the road.

她以不符合她年龄的敏捷穿过了马路

5.Refineries are holding back supplies in anticipation of higher prices next year.

精炼厂抑制供给以期待来年的高价。

6.Don’t be afraid to assert yourself in the interview.

不要害怕在面试中彰显自己。

7.Their success at the Olympics has generated quite a bit of interest in women’s team sports.

她们在奥运会上的成功使人们对女性运动产生了的很大兴趣。

8.Profit forecast are based on the presumption.

利润预测是基于推测。

9.Low attendance was the primary reason for canceling the shows.

低上座率是取消表演的主要原因

10.The Missouri River is harnessed for hydroelectric power.

密西西比河用于水力发电

Unit7 Dishonoring the Honor system

SECTION A

Task 2-A

2.If reviews are not available within four mouths, authors are free to submit the manuscript to another journal and ask

them to vet the manuscript.

如果四个月内没有通过复审，作者可以把自己的原稿投到其它杂志社，然后让他们审阅原稿。

3.Despite her great age, she was very graceful indeed, but so far, the archaeologists have been unable to discover her

identity.

尽管她的年代久远，但确实看起来优雅，但是到目前为止，考古学家还无法弄清她的身份。

4.Psychologists believe that children are easily influenced by their peer.

心理学家认为孩子们很容易受他们同龄人的影响。

5.The old man was always sounding off about higher taxes.

那位老人总是抱怨越来越高的税收。

6.Man will go down into the pit and all his thoughts will perish.

人如果进入墓中，那么他的想法都随之消失。

7.The challenger leveled the champion with a mighty uppercut.

挑战者用一记强有力的上勾拳击倒了冠军。

8.He showed a marked lack of interest.

他明显对这不感兴趣。

修改成:明显表现出

9.The jeweler scrutinized th diamond for flaws.

这个珠宝商仔细地检查珠宝中的裂缝。

修改成:瑕疵

10.It’s a chance to strike back and give e ach his comeuppance for sins of the past.

这是一次反击的机会，让他为过去的每一个过错受到了应得的惩罚。

11.It is estimated that about 60 percent of people who commit suicide have had a mood disorder.

据估计百分之六十的自杀者情绪紊乱

Task 2-B

1. It should be ensured that publishers are not governed by arbitrary thoughts.(whims)

应该确保出版商不会受武断的思想支配

2. In the court, the prosecutor stated explicitly the charges against the defendant.(details)

在法庭上，检察官明确地陈述对被告人的指控。

3. According to concerned citizens, it’s very important that the refugees be given aid immediately.(imperative)

根据热心的市民说,立即向难民提供援助是十分重要的

4. There is no safety in unlimited technological arrogance.(hubris)

在科学技术上无休止的傲慢是不安全的。--无限

5. The misconduct by government or military officials is of great danger to society.(malfeasance)

政府或者军队官员的渎职会对社会造成很大的危险。

6. Actors usually possess a face that can express a complete range of emotions, from rage to peaceful

contentment.(gamut)

男演员总是拥有一张可以表达很多情感的脸，从狂怒到和平的满足感。

修改成:平静

7. He is the kind of critic who considers himself the supreme determiner of literary taste.(arbiter)

他是一位被认为至高无上文学品位的决定者。

修改成:他把自己当作在文学品位上具有至高无上决定力的文学评论家。

8. The wealth of this country comes from its manufacturing advantage given by its sophisticated technology.(edge)

这个国家的财富来自于其尖端技术的制造优势

9. Before sending their papers to journals, contributors are supposed to check their manuscripts thoroughly to make

sure there are no errors.(vet)

在把他们的论文发给杂志社之前，投稿人应该仔细地检查自己的文章确保没有任何错误。

10. After a 40-year battle, they won and their enemy was defeated.(finished)

通过40年的战争，他们打败了敌人，获得了胜利。

Section B

Task 2-B

1.The website offers the beat mortgage rates from a list of mortgage lenders and it also includes calculators, guides, and

forums for additional help.

这个网站提供抵押放贷者那里放贷的比率，并且还包括计算器，指南和论坛来提供额外服务。

2.The little kid ate some of the candy and gave the remainder away.

这位小孩吃了一些甜点，然后把剩下的分发出去了。

3.The stranded mountain climbers attempted to ration their meager food supply.

滞留在山上的登山队员试着定量他们少的可怜的食物供给。

4.The teacher asked the kids to put the cards back by matching the initial letter.

老师叫孩子们按照首字母把卡片拼回去。

5.They caught the bartender stretching the gin with water.

他们抓到酒保时，他正往杜松子酒里面掺水。

6.She consolidated her power during her first year in office.

在她第一年的时候，她稳固了她在办公室的权利。

7.It is coalition of corporations, foundations, and private voluntary organizations that work to strengthen America’s

nonprofit organizations, which collectively are often called the third or independent sector.

这是它是由公司,基金会和个人志愿组织组成的联盟，它致力于加强美国非盈利组织而工作，这个组织总是被称为第三或者独立的部门。

8.British Airways has joined forces with an organization called Climate Care to enable them to offset the carbon dioxide

emissions created during flight.

英国航空公司与一家叫做“气候保护”的组织合作，目的是让他们消减飞行过程中产生的二氧化碳。

9.Many Africans converted to Christianity.

很多非洲人改信基督教。

10.It’s b een reported that civilian deaths have soared to a record high in Iraq.

据报道，在伊拉克，平民伤亡数猛增到历史的新高度。

修改成:伊拉克平民的伤亡人数达到创纪录的高位.

UNIT 8 PEI Energy Framework

Section A

Task2- A

1. The automobile designer has incorporate all the latest safety features into this new type of cars.

汽车设计师将目前所有最先进的安全装置融入到了这款新型汽车中。

2. Even though the accident occurred a year ago, the police department deferred the investigation into the cause of it for six months.

虽然这个事故在一年前就发生了，但是警察局对这项事故原因的调查推迟了六个月。

3. Although not essential, some prior knowledge of statistics is desirable in doing marketing research.

尽管不是必要的，但是在做市场调查的时候一些先前的数据知识还是可取的。

4. During the past six months, oil prices fluctuated between $40 and $80 a barrel due to general expectation of low US oil stock.

由于人们认为美国石油库存低而导致过去六个月每桶石油的价格在40美元到80美元之间波动。

5. Some people believe that spending the holidays in Australia isn’t an exciting prospect, but I find it particularly appealing.

一些人相信，在澳大利亚度假看不到令人兴奋的景色，但是我发现澳大利亚挺吸引人的。

6. Oil prices in the past twelve months have hit a record high of $80 a barrel, which some economists believe is a serious impediment to economic recovery.

石油价格在过去的十二个月创下了每桶80美元的新高，一些经济学家相信这是对经济复苏的严重阻碍。

7. Nearly all prestigious universities have every good libraries, because students must have access to good resources in order to do academic research.

几乎所有知名的大学都有自己的很好的图书馆，因为学生为了做学术研究必须能够使用优质的图书资源。

8. Realizing that main arguments were too lengthy, he compressed it into one chapter.

意识到主要论点过于冗长，他将其压缩至一个章节。

9. A mere trifle led to a quarrel between the two sides and finally escalated into a full-scale war.

只是一件琐事导致了双方的争吵，最终升级为大规模的战争。

10. With no hydroelectric resources to rely on, the electricity industry in this region has to consume large amounts of fossil fuels.

由于无法依靠水力发电，这个地区的电力产业不得不消耗大量的化石燃料来供电。

11. Some experts propose that China establish its own strategic oil reserves in response to the soaring oil prices.

一些专家建议中国应建立自己的油气储备战略来应对油价的飙升。

12. Wal Mart, originally a small grocery store in a little-known town, has evolved into one of the largest chain stores worldwide.

起初，沃尔玛只是坐落在一个鲜为人知的小镇的小杂货店，现已发展成为世界上最大的连锁商店之一。

13. The 2008 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing. The opening ceremony will be transmitted live by satellite to over 150 countries.

2008届奥运会将在北京举行,开幕式现场直播将由卫星转播到150多个国家。

14. Liquified coal is a good alternative to oil and coal since it is cheaper than oil and cleaner than coal.

液态煤是石油和煤炭的良好替代品，因为它比石油便宜并且比煤炭清洁。

15. Experts have warned us to wash fruits and vegetables thoroughly before eating them because research indicates that there are pesticide residues on them.

警告我们在吃水果和蔬菜之前要彻底清洗，因为研究表明它们上面有农药残留。

Task2- B

1.It is practically impossible for a six-year-old boy to accomplish such a difficult task.(virtually)

对于一个六岁的孩子来说要完成这样一个艰难的任务，几乎是不可能的。

2. In winter, some birds fly south, because the warm water there provides the best conditions for breeding.(optimum)

在冬天，一些鸟飞到南方，因为那里的暖水海洋为繁殖提供了最佳条件。

3. This information must not be disclosed without previous written consent.（prior）

未经事先书面同意，不得披露此信息。

4. This standard is easily achievable by most students.（attainable）

这个标准对大多数学生来说是很容易实现的。

5. If you want to go abroad, you usually have to go through a very long process of obtaining a visa.（length）

如果你想出国，你通常必须经历一个漫长的获得签证的过程。

6. She had only a vague idea of what might happen and didn’t know how to prepare for what was going to happen.（notion）

她只有一个对可能会发生什么的模糊想法，但是她不知道如何应对将要发生的事情。

7. It’s unlikely that the oil prices will rise to $100 a barrel in the predictable future, for it would hinder the economic growth of not only oil-consuming but also oil-producing countries.（foreseeable）

在可预见的未来，石油价格可能会上升到100美元一桶，这不仅将阻碍石油消费国的经济增长，而且还会阻碍石油生产国的经济增长。

8. In scientific research, usually a hypothesis is made first and then experiments were conducted to confirm it or refute

it.(formulated)

在科学研究中，通常是先做出一个假设，然后进行实验以此检验它或者否定它。

9. Two thousand troops were sent and stationed in the area in order to maintain law and order during the

election.(deployed)

两千名士兵被派遣驻扎在该地区，以便在选举期间维持治安秩序。

10. Even though the investigation has been going on for two months, the police have publicized no further details about the accident.（released）

即使调查已经进行了两个月，但警方没有公布关于事故的进一步细节。

Section B

Task2

1、Under the current energy conservation law, there are no tax incentives to encourage people to save fuel.

根据目前的节能法，没有税收激励措施来鼓励人们节省燃料

2、Different governmental departments may formulate different, sometimes even conflicting, policies on energy conservation. Therefore, there is an urgent need for greater coordination between departments.

不同的政府部门制定了许多不同的，有时甚至相互冲突的节能政策。因此，各部门之间亟需加强协调。

3、Astronauts who have to cross belts of high radiation during the outward and return journeys are exposed to small amounts of radiation every time. However, the cumulative effect of radiation could be enormous.

在往返行程期间穿过高辐射带的宇航员每次都暴露于少量辐射。然而，辐射的累积效应可能是巨大的。

4、To prevent infectious diseases from spreading, it is mandatory for blood banks to test all donated blood for viruses.

为了防止传染病蔓延，血库必须检测所有捐赠的血液是否有病毒。

5、There is a general consensus among teachers about the need for greater security in schools.

教师们普遍认为学校需要更高的安全。

6、In picking the right person for the job, employers tend to believe that experience is what matters---age is of secondary importance.

在为工作选择合适的人时，雇主倾向于相信经验是重要的，年龄是次要的。

7、Huo Yingdong, one of the most successful businessmen in Hong Kong, has paid many voluntary contributions to help other people.

霍英东是香港最成功的商人之一，已经自发进行很多捐款帮助其他人。

8、High oil prices could hamper the growth of world economy and eventually affect the oil-producing countries.

高油价会阻碍世界经济的增长，最终影响石油生产国。

9、A sensible businessman will diversify his investments, rather than investing all of his money in one project.

一个明智的商人将使他的投资多样化，而不是将他的所有资金投资于一个项目。

10、You will have to take it seriously, for it will determine whether you can graduate from the university or not.

你必须认真对待，因为它会决定你是否可以从大学毕业。

11、Speculation could do the same for the rising market and falling market, for when prices go down, they will rush to sell what they have.

投机可以使市场行情上涨或是下跌，因为当价格下跌，他们会急于出售他们所有。

12、The patient was perceived to have difficulty in breathing after taking medicine.

病人在服药后被发现出现呼吸困难的症状。

13、The decline in oil prize was influenced in part by the news that us oil stock was on the rise. Of course, there were many other reasons.

石油价格的降低，部分原因是受美国石油存量上升消息的影响，当然还有很多其他原因。

14、Aiming to solve the housing problem of low income citizens, the housing project are subsidized by the government.

为了解决低收入居民住房问题，住宅区建造项目由政府补贴。

15、Strict enforcement of traffic regulations is an effective way to rectify peccancies of drivers.

交通规章制度的严格执行，是改正司机违章的有效措施。

16、Even though the contributions of an individual are small and trivial ,their collective efforts can also make a difference.

尽管个人的贡献微乎其微，但是集体的力量却很强大。

17、According to the findings of some researchers, too much exposure to the sun can accelerate the aging process.

根据一些学者的研究，过多的日晒会加快老化。

18、Facing such a strain on its energy sector, China has to moderate its original demands for oil.

面对能源领域的紧缩，中国必须降低对石油的原始需求。

19、China has been making great efforts to get North Korea and the US back to the negotiating table to negotiate the difference of opinion on the nuclear program.

中国为将北朝鲜和美国拉回到谈判桌上进而协商双方在核计划方面的分歧付出了巨大的努力。

20、The volatility of oil prices in the past 18 month has cast a shadow over the economic recovery of the country.

过去18个月石油价格的波动，已经给世界经济复苏蒙上了阴影。

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human creations, language may be the most remarkable. Through language we share experience, values, exchange ideas, transmit knowledge, and sustain culture. Indeed, language is vital to sense of reality by giving meaning to events. 在人类所有的创造中，语言也许是影响最为深远的。我们用语言来分享经验，表达(传递？)价值观，交换想法，传播知识，传承文化。事实上，对语言本身的思考也是至关重要的。和通常所认为的不同的是，语言并不只是简单地反映现实，语言在具体描述事件的时候也在帮助我们建立对现实的感知。——语序的调整。 Good speakers have respect for language and know how it works. Words are the tools of a speaker?s craft. They have special uses, just like the tools of any other profession. As a speaker, you should be aware of the meaning of words and know how to use language accurately, clearly,vividly,and appropriately. 好的演讲者对语言很重视，也知道如何让它发挥更好的效果。词语是演讲者演讲的重要“武器”，具有特殊的用途，这和任何其他的工作技艺没什么两样。作为演讲者，必须知道词语的具体含义，也要懂得如何做到用词准确、清晰、生动、适当。 Using language accurately is as vital to a speaker as using numbers accurately to a accountant. Never use a word unless you are sure of its meaning. If you are not sure, look up the word in the dictionary. As you prepare your speeches, ask yourself constantly, “What do I really want to say? What do I really mean?” Choose words that are precise and accurate. 演讲者准确地使用语言和会计准确使用数字是一样重要的。确定词意后再措词。如果不确定，请先查词典。当你在准备演讲的时候，要不断地问自己：“我到底要说什么？我到底想表达什么意思？”用词一定要精准。 Using language clearly allows listeners to grasp your meaning immediately. You can ensure this [by using familiar words （that are known to the average person and require no specialized background）; by choosing concrete words in preference to more abstract ones, and by eliminating verbal clutter]. 用词清晰可以让听众迅速理解你的意思（抓到你的点）。要做到这一点，就要尽量使用一般人都熟悉的不需要专业知识就能懂的词语；多用具象词汇少用抽象词汇；还有要减少口误。 Using language vividly helps bring your speech to life. One way (to make your speech vivid)|is through imagery，or the creation of word pictures. You can develop imagery by using concrete language, simile, and metaphor. Simile is an explicit comparison between things （that are essentially different yet have something in common）; it always contains the words “like”or “as”. Metaphor is an impli cit comparison between things that are different yet have something in common; it does not contain the words “like” or “as”. 生动地用词能让演讲鲜活起来！比喻，这种能产生文字图像的修辞，可以使演讲达到生动的效果。比喻要用具象的语言，分为明喻和隐喻。 明喻是指在本质上有区别但仍然有相同点的事物之间做一个明确的比较，一般句中会含有“像”或“似”。隐喻则是一种隐藏的比较，不会出现like 和as 这些连接词。 Another way to make your speeches vivid is by exploiting the rhythm of language. Four devices for creating rhythm are parallelism, repetition, alliteration, and antithesis. Parallelism is the similar arrangement of a pair or series of related words, phrases, or sentences. Repetition is the use of the same word or set of words at the beginning or end of successive clauses or sentences. Alliteration comes from repeating the initial constant sounds of close or adjoining words. Antithesis is the juxtaposition of

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第一单元 “一年365 天，一周7 天，一天24 小时，生意始终在进行，那意味着一年365 天，一周7 天，一天24 小时，竞争也同样在进行，”豪特说，“公司取胜的方法之一就是要更快地到达‘目的地’！这就是说，你不仅要把所有能支持公司快速运转的功能都调动起来，而且还得知道如何决定‘目的地’是哪里。这样，不仅对那些行动快速的人们，也对那些思维敏捷，并有勇气按自己的想法行事的人们都提出了要求。这需要全公司各部门的运作，而不仅仅是管理部门的工作。 “Business happens 24/7/365, which means that competition happens 24/7/365, as well,” says Haut. “One way that companies win is by getting …there? faster, which means that you not only have to mobilize all of the functions that support a business to move q uickly, but you have to know how t o decide where …there? is! This creates a requirement not only for people who can act quickly, but for those who can think fast with the courage to act on their convictions. This needs to run throughout an organization and is not exclusive to management.” 最后，职业地位包含对职业标准的遵守。很多律师通过在行业内外把自己塑造成一个具有良好职业道德的典范来找到自我价值。对那些在所有职业行为中都表现出极度正直和谦逊有礼的律师们来说，当管理阶层对他们理应受到的特别尊重表示肯定时，便又获得了另一种形式的精神报酬。 Lastly, professional status encompasses adherence to ethical standards. Most lawyers find self worth in setting an example—both within the profession and within the larger society—as ethical actors. When management affirms the special respect due to lawyers who act with the utmost integrity and civility in all of their professional dealings, it provides yet another form of compensation. 第四单元 很多研究发现婴儿获得关爱的质量会影响到他们以后的交友，在学校的表现，如何应对陌生的或可能充满压力的情况，以及他们成年后如何建立并且维系情感连系。正是因为这些原因，人们与家庭成员的早期亲密关系才如此至关重要。在人情冷漠的环境中(如孤儿院，某些寄养家庭，或缺乏关爱的家庭)长大的孩子会出现情感和社会性发育不良，语言和运动技能迟缓，以及精神健康问题。Much research shows that the quality of care infants receive affects how they later get along with friends, how well they do in school, how they react to new and possibly stressful situations, and how they form and maintain loving relationships as adults. It is for these reasons thatpeople's early intimate relationships within their family of origin1 are so critical. Children who are raised in impersonal environments (orphanage, some foster homes, or unloving families) show emotional and social underdevelopment, language and motor skills retardation, and mental health problems. 一开始让人相互吸引的是什么?许多人相信“世上有一个人是你为之而生的”，而且命运会将你俩带到一起。这样的想法很浪漫却不现实。实证研究发现，是文化标准和价值观而非命运，将人们连系在一起。我们错过了成千上万的可能的爱人，因为他们早就被正式的或非正式的挑选理想爱人的准则筛选出局，这些准则包括年龄、种族、地域、社会阶层、宗教、性倾向、健康状况或外表。 What attracts individuals to each other in the first place? Many people believe that "there's one person out there that one is meant for" and that destiny will bring them together. Such beliefs are romantic but unrealistic. Empirical studies show that cultural norms and values, not fate, bring people together We will never meet millions of potential lovers because they are "filtered out" by formal or informal rules on partner eligibility due ton factors such as age, race, distance, Social class, religion, sexual orientation, health, or physical appearanc e. 第五单元 做瑜伽没有场地的限制，一套瑜伽动作通常需要20 分钟到两个小时或者更多的时间，而一个小时左右的时间则是一系列动作和冥想的最佳选择。根据瑜伽师和学派的不同，一些瑜伽动作做起来辛苦异常，而另一些却只是在呼吸和心跳平稳的情况下调整和伸展肢体。每天练习瑜伽会达到最好的效果，随着动作越来越熟练，你就可以加大强度和难度这样瑜伽就能成为你相伴终生的日常锻炼方式了。练习基础的瑜伽动作即可收到增强力量，改善柔韧性并使人感到舒适的效果，但要想达到完美和高深的境界还是需要日积月累的练习，这也是瑜伽吸引人的地方之一。 Yoga routines can take anywhere from 20 minutes to two or more hours, with one hour being a good time investment to perform a sequence of postures and a meditation. Some yoga routines, depending on the teacher and school, can be as strenuous as the most difficult workout, and some routines merely stretch and align the body while the breath and heart rate are kept slow and steady. Yoga achieves its best results when it is practiced as a daily discipline, and yoga can be a life-long exercise routine, offering deeper and more challenging positions as a practitioner becomes more adept. The basic positions can increase a person?s strength, flexibility and sense of well-being almost immediately, but it can take years to perfect and deepen them, which is an appealing and stimulating aspect of yoga for many. 第七单元 人性的恒定性是众所周知的，因为没有人相信一个人能够从根本上改变他的本性。这就是为什么一个恶名远扬的人很难重建公众对他的信心。人们凭经验知道某一年中表现出无赖性格的人不太可能在第二年有任何改观。小偷也不会变成值得信赖的员工。吝

基础综合英语_1-5单元课后翻译

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新标准大学综合英语2 unit1 课文翻译

NUIT1 大学已经不再特别了 有这么一种说法：“要是你能记得20世纪60年代的任何事情，你就没有真正经历过那段岁月。”对于在大麻烟雾中度过大学时光的那些人，这话可能是真的。但是，20世纪60年代有一件事人人都记得，那就是：上大学是你一生中最激动人心、最刺激的经历。 20世纪60年代，加州的高校把本州变成了世界第七大经济实体。然而，加州大学的主校园伯克利分校也以学生示威、罢课以及激进的政治氛围而著名。1966年，罗纳德?里根竞选加州州长，他问加州是否允许“一所伟大的大学被喧闹的、唱反调的少数人征服。”自由派人士回答说，大学之所以伟大正是因为它们有能力容忍喧闹的、唱反调的少数人。 在欧洲的大学校园里，大学生以新的姿态和激情投入到争取自由和正义的事业中去，大规模的社会主义或共产主义运动引发了他们与当权者之间日益升级的暴力冲突。许多抗议是针对越南战争的。可是在法国，巴黎大学的学生与工会联盟，发动了一场大罢工，最终导致戴高乐总统辞职。 20世纪60年代大学生活的特点并不仅仅是激进的行动。不论在什么地方，上大学都意味着你初次品尝真正自由的滋味，初次品尝深更半夜在宿舍或学生活动室里讨论人生意义的滋味。你往往得上了大学才能阅读你的第一本禁书，看你的第一部独立影人电影，或者找到和你一样痴迷吉米?亨德里克斯或兰尼?布鲁斯的志同道合者。那是一段难以想象的自由时光，你一生中最无拘无束的时光。 可如今那份激情哪儿去了？大学怎么了？现在，政治、社会和创造意识的觉醒似乎不是凭借大学的助力，而是冲破其阻力才发生的。当然，一点不假，高等教育仍然重要。例如，在英国，布莱尔首相几乎实现了到2010年让50％的30岁以下的人上大学的目标（即使愤世嫉俗的人会说，这是要把他们排除在失业统计数据之外）。不过，大学教育已不再是全民重视的话题了。如今，大学被视为人们急于逃离的一种小城镇。有些人辍学，但大多数已经有些麻木，还是坚持混到毕业，因为离开学校实在是太费事了。 没有了20世纪60年代大学生所发现的令人头脑发热的自由气氛，如今的大学生要严肃得多。英国文化协会最近做了一项调查，研究外国留学生在决定上哪所大学时所考虑的因素。这些因素从高到低依次是：课程质量、就业前景、学费负担、人身安全问题、生活方式，以及各种便利。大学已变成实现目的的手段，是在就业市场上增加就业几率的一个机会，上大学本身不再是目的，不再是给你提供一个机会，让你暂时想象一下：你能够改变世界。 童年与大学之间的距离已缩小了，大学与现实世界之间的距离也缩小了。其中的一个原因可能和经济有关。在一个没有保障的世界里，现在的许多孩子依赖父母资助的时间比以前的孩子更长。21世纪的学生大学毕业后根本无法自立门户，因为那太昂贵了。另一个可能的原因是通讯革命。儿子或女儿每学期往家里打一两回电话的日子一去不复返了。如今，大学生通过手机与父母保持着脐带式联系。至于寻找痴迷无名文学或音乐的同道好友，没问题，我们有互联网和聊天室来帮助我们做到这一点。

研究生学术综合英语1-6课课文及翻译

Presenting a speech （做演讲） Of all human creations, language may be the most remarkable. Through 在人类所有的创造中，语言也许是影响最为深远的。我们用语言 language we share experience, formulate values, exchange ideas, transmit 来分享经验，表达(传递？)价值观，交换想法，传播知识， knowledge, and sustain culture. Indeed, language is vital to think itself. 传承文化。事实上，对语言本身的思考也是至关重要的。[Contrary to popular belief], language | does not simply mirror reality but also helps to create our sense of reality [by giving meaning to events]. 和通常所认为的不同的是，语言并不只是简单地反映现实，语言在 具体描述事件的时候也在帮助我们建立对现实的感知。 ——语序的调整。 Good speakers have respect for language and know how it works. Words are the tools of a speaker’s craft. They have special uses, just like the tools of any other profession. As a speaker, you should be aware of the meaning of words and know how to use language accurately, clearly,vividly,and appropriately. 好的演讲者对语言很重视，也知道如何让它发挥更好的效果。词语是演讲者演讲的重要“武器”，具有特殊的用途，这和任何其他的工作技艺没什么两样。作为演讲者，必须知道词语的具体含义，也要懂得如何做到用词准确、清晰、生动、适当。 Using language accurately is as vital to a speaker as using numbers accurately to a accountant. Never use a word unless you are sure of its meaning. If you are not sure, look up the word in the dictionary. As you prepare your speeches, ask yourself constantly, “What do I really want to say? What do I really mean?”Choose words that are precise and accurate. 演讲者准确地使用语言和会计准确使用数字是一样重要的。确定词意后再措词。如果不确定，请先查词典。当你在准备演讲的时候，要不断地问自己：“我到底要说什么？我到底想表达什么意思？”用词一定要精准。 Using language clearly allows listeners to grasp your meaning immediately. You can ensure this [by using familiar words （that are known to the average person and require no specialized background）; by choosing concrete words in preference to more abstract ones, and by eliminating verbal clutter]. 用词清晰可以让听众迅速理解你的意思（抓到你的点）。要做到这一点，就要尽量使用一般人都熟悉的不需要专业知识就能懂的词语；多用具象词汇少用抽象词汇；还有要减少口误。 Using language vividly helps bring your speech to life. One way (to make your speech vivid)|is through imagery，or the creation of word pictures. You can develop imagery by using concrete language, simile, and metaphor. Simile is an explicit comparison between things （that are essentially different yet have something in common）; it always contains the words “like”or “as”. Metaphor is an implicit