研究生英语综合教程(上)单词词汇

UNIT 1

Reading Focus

academia (n.) 学术界

acumen (n.) 敏锐，聪明ambiguous (a.) 不明确的

ambiguity (n.) 不明确

brink (n.) 始发点，边缘collaborative (a.) 协作的，合作的collaborator (n.) 合作者，协作者contributor (n.) 投稿人，撰稿人conviction (n.) 坚定的信仰或主张expertise (n.) 专门知识，专门技能foster (v.) 培养，促进，助长headhunter (n.) 猎头

lone wolf (n.) 自行其是的人，好独处的人

mindset (n.) 思维定式

mitigate (v.) 缓和，减轻

mobilize (v.) 争取支持，动用资源newbie (n.) 新手，网络新用户outshine (v.) 优于...，使...黯然失色perception (n.) 看法，认识prioritize (v.) 使...优先

prospective (a.) 预期的，未来的，可能的

scary (a.) 可怕的

studied (a.) 经过深思熟虑的teamwork (n.) 合作，协作，配合transition (n.) 过渡，转变

act on 按...行事

count on 指望

in pursuit of 追求，寻求

make up 编造（说法，解释）

pep talk 鼓舞士气的讲话place a bet 下赌注

put one’s neck on the line冒险

stick one’s neck out 说冒险的话stand out 突出，显眼

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adherence (n.) 坚持，信守，信奉affirm (v.) 肯定，强化（感觉，信念等）autonomy (n.) 自主能力

blockhead (n.) 笨蛋，蠢人

brief (n.) 案情摘要，案情简介

civility (n.) 礼貌，客气

cost effective (a.) 低成本高利润的

cut-rate (a.) 减价销售的

cynical (a.) 愤世嫉俗的

dealing (n.) 商业活动，商业往来discourse (n.) （严肃的）谈话，交谈due (a.) 应给的，欠下的

eminent (a.) （指人）著名的，有名望的

empower (v.) 给（某人）做...的权利encompass (v.) 包含，包括equitable (a.) 公平合理的，公正的equity (n.) （利息不定）的普通股，股票

ethical (a.) 合乎道德的，正确的gratify (v.) 感到高兴和满意gratification (n.) 高兴，满足inculcate (v.) 灌输（观念，原则等）in-house (a.) 公司（组织）内部的internalize (v.) 使（信仰、态度、行为模式等）内在化（成为性格的一部分）intertwine (v.) 密切相关的

kowtow (v.) 顺从，巴结，唯命是从milestone (n.) 重大事件，里程碑

neurosis (n.) 神经官能症

outlive (v.) 比...经久

outperform (v.) 做得比...好，胜过prerogative (n.) 特权

pro bono (a.) 为了公益的（尤指律师免费工作）

professionalism (n.) 专业技巧，高超的水准，职业精神

promulgate (v.) 公布，颁布（新法律法规等）

promulgation (n.)（新法律法规的）公布，颁布

psychic (a.) 精神（上）的

rigor (n.) （环境的）严酷，艰苦sanity (n.) 明智，清醒

subsume (v.) 把...归入（纳入）某一类

superlative (a.) 最优秀的，最好的taxation (n.) 征税，税收（制度）

top-flight (a.) 最成功的的，第一流的，最重要的

venue (n.) 举行场所，会场

by definition 从定义上讲，根据定义commit oneself to doing sth. 答应，承诺

for its own sake 为了获得做某件事的经历而做某事

impinge on 对...起作用，影响

in the short term 就短期而言

in this regard 关于此事，在这方面slake one’s thirst满足（欲望）

take precedence 优先于，（重要性）高于

thirst for 渴望，渴求（某物）with reference to关于

UNIT 4

Reading Focus

accommodate (v.) 迎合，迁就altruistic (a.) 利他主义的，无私的avalanche (n.) 雪崩

bolster (v.) 改进

cuddle (v.) （尤指表示喜爱而）搂抱，拥抱

elusive (a.) 难以表述的，难懂的frenzied (a.) 狂乱的，疯狂的，异常激动的

impair (v.) 削弱，损害，损伤impairment (n.) 削弱，损害，损伤liaison (n.) 密切的联系，关系mundane (a.) 平凡的，平淡的myriad (a.) 无数的，不计其数的neurotic (a.) 神经质的，神经过敏的，极度焦虑的

obsessive (a.) 着迷的

physiological (a.) 生理机能的，生理系统的

platonic (a.) 纯友谊的，柏拉图式的，纯精神恋爱的

prerequisite (n.) 必备条件，先决条件，前提

psychosomatic (a.) 由精神压力所引起的，（疾病）由心理上的惧怕reminisce (v.) 缅怀往事，追忆往事retard (v.) 阻碍，减缓

retardation (n.) 阻碍，减缓

witticism (n.) 妙语，俏皮话，诙谐语wry (a.) 露出怪样的，苦笑的

culminate in 达到...的高峰，最终达到deprive sb. of sth. 剥夺

filter out 过滤，滤除

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courtship (n.) 恋爱期

debilitating (a.) 使（身体或精神）虚弱的

dementia (n.) 痴呆

devise (v.) 想出，设计，发明hindsight (n.) 事后聪明，后见之明litany (n.) 反复的赘述

rickety (a.) 快要散架的，摇摇晃晃的truce (n.) 休战，停战（协定）

b e at each other’s throats （两个人）互相斗嘴，激烈争吵

launch into 突然开始（描述、叙述或抨击）

lavish sth. on/upon sb. 过分慷慨地给予（某人）

make the best of sth. 尽可能善用（不能令人满意的事物），善处逆境

reel sth. off 滔滔不绝地重复

take shape 形成，使成形

whittle away 削减，削弱UNIT 5

Reading Focus

adept (a.) 熟练的

adherent (n.) 信徒，拥护者，追随者align (v.) 使...排成一线

artifact (n.) 手工艺品

cardiologist (n.) 心脏病专家disciplined (a.) 受过训练的，遵守纪律的

hypertension (n.) 高血压

indicator (n.) 指示物

innovator (n.) 创新者

meditation (n.) 默念，默想，冥想，打坐

nominal (a.) （金额）极小的，微不足道额，象征性的

posture (n.) 姿势，体态

practitioner (n.) （某种活动的）从事着，实践者

prestigious (a.) 有声望的，有威信的prevalent (a.) 流行的，普遍的

prop (n.) 支柱，支撑物

reimburse (v.) 偿还

reiterate (v.) 反复地说，重申sedentary (a.) （工作等）坐着做的，案头的

stamina (n.) 持久力，耐力，毅力strenuous (a.) 艰苦的，要花功夫的tout (v.) 赞扬，吹捧

well-being (n.) 舒适，健康，幸福yogi (n.) 瑜伽师，瑜伽教授者

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adaptation (n.) 适应

ambiguous (a.) 暧昧的，不明确的

chronic (a.) （问题）长期的，反复出现的

cognitive (n.) 认知的，认识过程的compromise (v.) 危机，损害

hassle (n.) 麻烦

irritation (n.) 令人气恼的事物

juggle (v.) （尤指艰难地）兼顾magnitude (n.) 巨大，庞大，重要性overload (n.) 超载

severe (a.) 严重的

severity (n.) 严重程度，严重性squabble (v.) 吵嘴

stressor (n.) 带来压力的因素

terrain (n.) 地形，地势

turmoil (n.) 骚乱，混乱understaffed (a.) 人员不足的，人手不足的

a host of 许多，一大群

fit into 属于

stress out （使）非常紧张疲惫UNIT 6

Reading Focus

arena (n.) 表演场地

bestow (v.) 给予，赠予，授予，bolero (n.) 敞胸短上衣

clown (v.) 扮小丑，做蠢事，胡闹compact (a.) 小而紧凑的

conserve (v.) 保护，保存convention (n.) 会议，大会

cornice (n.) 上楣，飞檐

deed (n.) 行为，行动

deficiency (n.) 缺乏，不足distraction (n.) 使人分心的事物dubious (a.) 不能确定的，疑惑的ebb (n.) 退潮，落潮

editorial (n.) 社论

emanation (n.) 散发物，发射物enact (v.) 上演

evangelist (n.) 巡回布道者

exalted (a.) 高贵的，显贵的

excess (n.) 过分，过量

execute (v.) （依法）将...处死exotic (a.) 外来的，异国风情的

fit (n.) （强烈感情的）一阵发作forgo (v.) 摒绝，放弃

forlorn (a.) 孤苦伶仃的，凄凉的forlornness (n.) 孤独，凄凉

forsake (v.) 遗弃，抛弃forsakenness (n.) 被抛弃

gladiator (n.) （古罗马）角斗士grail (n.) 长期以来梦寐以求的东西impart (v.) 赋予，给予

inflict (v.) 使承受，使（某人）遭受（不愉快的事）

insulate (v.) 隔离，使隔绝

lapel (n.) 翻领

largess (n.) 慷慨赠予的钱或礼物liner (n.) 客轮

Lion (n.) 要人，勇猛之士，名人metropolis (n.) 首要城市，大都会miasmic (a.) 霉气扑鼻的

morale (n.) 士气，斗志，精神面貌overwhelming (a.) 压倒一切的penetrating (a.) 弥漫的，渗透的queer (a.) 奇怪的，难以解释的rejuvenate (vt.) 使（某人）变年轻，使（某人）恢复活力

rejuvenation (n.) 返老还童，恢复活力sanctuary (n.) 避难所，庇护所

siren (n.) 汽笛，警报器

sloop (n.) 单桅小帆船

somewise (a.) 以某种方式spectacle (n.) 奇观，壮观景象splashy (a.) 显眼的，惹人注意的stifling (a.) 闷热的，令人窒息的stimulus (n.) 刺激，刺激物sustenance (n.) 食物，营养

tack (v.) 使（船）改变航向expunge (v.) 删除，除去unexpungeable (a.) 无法抹去的undertaking (n.) 任务，事业unresourceful (a.) 无法应对的，无法解决的

usher (v.) 领，接人，招待vibrations (n.) 感应，共鸣waterfront (n.) 滨水地区，水边土地westbound (a.) 向西行的

account for 是...的原因

at any rate 无论如何，至少be content with 满足于

come along 出现，来到，发生

for that matter 对...同样如此

lie in state （尸体）停放某处供瞻仰pull up stakes 搬家

sweat out 坚持做完

tune out 不理睬，置之不理

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adore (v.) 爱慕

afar (a.) 遥远地

assortment (n.) 各式各样的混合物，什锦

ballerina (n.) 芭蕾舞女演员

bang (n.) （头发的）刘海

belch (v.) 打嗝

blink (v.) 眨眼

clump (n.) 丛，簇，群

coo (v.) 低声细语

crinkly (a.) （头发）硬而卷曲的dainty (a.) 优美的，小巧的，精致的deck (n.) 一副（纸牌）

eyebrow (n.) 眉毛

fuzz (n.) 细毛，茸毛

high-pitched (a.) 声调高的

indignity (n.) 轻蔑，侮辱

manger (n.) （马、牛等）食槽

poke (v.) 戳，捅，拨开，刺

prodigy (n.) 奇才，天才

purse (v.) 撅起嘴唇

reproach (n.) 责备，指责

slant (n.) 倾斜

soggy (a.) 湿透的

sparkly (a.) 有生气的，有活力的sulk (v.) 生闷气

tiptoe (n.) 脚尖，趾尖uneven (a.) 不匀的，不规则的vendor (n.) 小贩

willful (a.) 任性的，固执的

for good=for ever 永远

look down on 轻视，瞧不起lop off 砍掉UNIT 7

Reading Focus

acorn (n.) 橡树果

alteration (n.) 变动，改变

antiquity (n.) 古代

battlefront (n.) 前线

covet (v.) 觊觎，垂涎，贪求desecrate (v.) 亵渎（圣物）deviate (v.) 背离，偏离

disposition (n.) 性情，性格endeavor (v.) 尝试，努力

engross (v.) 使非常感兴趣，使全神贯注于...

germinal (a.) 初级阶段的，处于萌芽状态的

germinally (adv.) 初级阶段地

home-front (n.) （战时）大后方人民humanitarian (n.) 人道主义者indestructible (a.) 不可摧毁的，坚不可摧的

knavish (a.) 无赖似的，人品不正的matrix (n.) 发源地，摇篮

miser (n.) 守财奴，吝啬鬼

mosaic (n.) 镶嵌画般的东西obliterate (v.) 忘却，抹去philanthropist (n.) 慈善家，乐善好施者

preacher (n.) 说教者，讲道者proverbial (a.) 众所周知的temperament (n.) 气质，性情，性格traitor (n.) 叛徒，背叛者

defile (v.) 污损，污染，亵渎undefiled (a.) 未玷污的，纯洁的，纯粹的

unfold (v.) 展现，逐渐呈现

unsavory (a.) 令人不快的，令人厌恶的

be a far cry from 与...大不相同

at the peril of 冒着丧失...的危险

be in order 适宜，合适

hold to 遵循，坚持

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aghast (a.) 大为震惊的，吓呆了的arcade (n.) 拱廊

beak (n.) 鸟嘴，喙

bum (n.) 流浪乞丐

buzzard (n.) 秃鹰

censure (n.) 严厉谴责，声讨

defer (v.) 延期，推迟

ebony (a.) 乌黑的

elude (v.) 使记不起来，把...难倒exasperate (v.) 使恼怒，使烦恼

flick (v.) 弹去，拂去

frequent (v.) 常去，常到（某地方）gleam (n.) 隐现，闪现

grimy (a.) 满是污垢的，蒙上灰尘的interminable (a.) 冗长乏味的

ivory (a.) 象牙色的，乳白色的jangle (v.) 发出噪音

macaroni (n.) 通心面，通心粉motley (a.) 形形色色的一伙人piteous (a.) 可怜的，让人怜悯的recollection (n.) 记起，想起resentment (n.) 愤恨，不满，憎恶resounding (a.) 回响的，洪亮的singlet (n.) 无袖汗衫，运动背心steadfast (a.) 忠实的，忠诚的steadfastly (adv.) 忠实地，忠诚地tatters (n.) 破旧衣服，破布

thong (n.) 皮带子

wane (v.) 逐渐减弱（变小）

whack (n.) 重击（声）

wince (v.) 皱眉蹙眼

wretched (a.) 不幸的，可怜的，苦恼的

wretchedness (n.) 不幸，可怜，苦恼

o n the tip of one’s tongue就在嘴边（想不起来）

put in （船）进港

r ack one’s brain绞尽脑汁

scrunch sth. up 把...揉成一团

throw sb./sth. over 抛弃

t o one’s dismay 令某人沮丧的是wear on （时间）慢慢地过去

UNIT 10

Reading Focus

catholic (a.) 广泛的，普遍的collegial (a.) 大学的，学院的consensus (n.) 意见一致contemplation (n.) 沉思

diffusion (n.) 传播，散播discernment (n.) 洞察力，敏锐disseminate (v.) 传播，散播eloquent (a.) 雄辩的，有口才的embryo (n.) 胚胎

foremost (a.) 首要的，第一的illumination (n.) 阐明

immunize (v.) 使免疫，赋予免疫性impart (v.) 传授，告知

imperative (n.) 需要

inaugural (a.) 就职的，开始的incubator (n.) 孵化器

laureate (n.) 获奖者

lavish (a.) 过分多的

lavishly (adv.) 过分慷慨地，过于大方long-standing (a.) 长期存在的

non-partisan (a.) 无党派的

porous (a.) 可渗透的，多孔的predecessor (n.) 前辈，前任

rigor (n.) 严密，严谨

robustness (n.) 健全，稳固scholarly (a.) 学术性的

serendipity (n.) 善于无意中发现有趣或珍奇事物的天赋

staggering (a.) 令人吃惊的staggeringly (adv.) 令人吃惊地solitary (a.) 单独的，独自的

suffuse (v.) 弥漫，充满

supesede (v.) 代替，取代underlie (v.) 成为...的基础

utilitarian (a.) 功利的，实用的vulnerable (a.) 脆弱的，易受伤的vulnerability (n.) 易受伤性，脆弱性couple...with... 并提，加上

live up to 符合（标准），不负（盛名），履行（诺言）

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brainpower (n.) 智囊团，人才burgeoning (a.) 迅速增长的contender (n.) 竞争者

counterpart (n.) 对应的人或物exacerbate (v.) 使加剧，使恶化imperil (v.) 危急

intensify (v.) 加强，增强

lucrative (a.) 赚钱的

offset (v.) 补偿，抵消

squander (v.) 浪费，挥霍

stunning (a.) 令人印象深刻地

upshot (n.)结果

(be) a recipe for sth. 很可能是造成...的原因，是...的秘诀

brace oneself for sth. 使准备迎接（困难）

fall behind 落后

may well 很可能，极有可能

大学英语综合教程1课后习题答案

Unit 1 Part Ⅱ Reading Task Vocabulary Ⅰ1. 1)respectable 2)agony 3)put down 4)sequence 5)hold back 6)distribute 7)off and on 8)vivid 9)associate 10)finally 11)turn in 12)tackle 2. 1)has been assigned to the newspaper’s Paris office. 2)was so extraordinary that I didn’t know whether to believe him or not. 3)a clear image of how she would look in twenty years’time. 4)gave the command the soldiers opened fire. 5)buying bikes we’ll keep turning them out. 3. 1)reputation; rigid; to inspire 2)and tedious; What’s more; out of date ideas 3)compose; career; avoid showing; hardly hold back Ⅱviolating Ⅲ;in upon Comprehensive Exercises ⅠCloze back; tedious; scanned; recall; vivid; off and on; turn out/in; career ; surprise; pulled; blowing; dressed; scene; extraordinary; image; turn; excitement ⅡTranslation As it was a formal dinner party, I wore formal dress, as Mother told me to. 2)His girlfriend advised him to get out of /get rid of his bad habits of smoking before it took hold. 3)Anticipating that the demand for electricity will be high during the next few months, they have decided to increase its production. 4)It is said that Bill has been fired for continually violating the company’s safety rules. /Bill is said to have been fired for continually violating the company’s safety rules. 5)It is reported that the government has taken proper measures to avoid the possibility of a severe water shortage. /The local government is reported to have taken proper measures to avoid the possibility of a severe water shortage. 2.Susan lost her legs because of/in a car accident. For a time, she didn’t know how to face up to the fact she would never (be able to) walk again. One day, while scanning (through) some magazines, a true story caught her eye/she was attracted by a true story. It gave a vivid description of how a disabled girl became a writer. Greatly inspired, Susan began to feel that she, too, would finally be able to lead a useful life. Unit 2 Part ⅡReading Task Vocabulary Ⅰ1. 1)absolutely 2)available 3)every now and then 4)are urging/urged 5)destination 6)mostly 7)hangs out 8)right away 9)reunion 10)or something 11)estimate 12)going ahead 2. 1)in the examination was still on his mind. 2)was completely choked up by the sight of his team losing in the final minutes of the game. 3)was so lost in study that she forgot to have dinner. 4)has come up and I am afraid I won’t be able to accomplish the project on time. 5)of equipping the new hospital was estimated at﹩2 million. 3. 1)were postponed; the awful; is estimated 2)reference; not available; am kind of 3)not much of a teacher; skips; go ahead Ⅱ;on Ⅲor less of/sort of 4. kind of/sort of 5. more or less 6. or something Comprehensive Exercises ⅠCloze up; awful; practically; neighborhood; correspondence; available; destination; reunion; Mostly; postponing; absolutely ; savings; embarrassment; phone; interrupted; touch; envelope; signed; message; needed ⅡHalf an hour had gone by, but the last bus hadn’t come yet. We had to walk home. 2)Mary looks as if she is very worried about the Chinese exam because she hasn’t learned the texts by

大学英语自学教程(上下)讲义

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Key to Exercises Opener Mary is thinking of getting a tattoo tomorrow afternoon. She asks Mel to join her, but Mel cannot because she has to work tomorrow. And then Mary invites Mel to go to a party tomorrow night. Mel hesitates at first, but finally decides to go with Mary. They will meet at eight o’clock. Abbreviation Meaning 1. TGIF Thank God it’s Friday 2. AMA Ask me anything 3. OMG Oh my God! 4. YOLO You only live once 5. FOMO Fear of missing out 6. FYI For your information 7. LOL Laugh out loud 8. TBH To be honest 9. PPL People 10. ETA Estimated time of arrival Transcript: A: Hey, Mary. B: Hey, Mel. A: TGIF.

B: TGIF. A: Mel, I need some advice on something. B: AMA A: Yeah, thanks. I’m thinking of getting a tattoo. B: OMG! Really Are you serious A: Well, YOLO. B: That’s true. A: Well. B: When are you going to do it A: I’m thinking tomorrow afternoon. Do you want to come B: Oh, I’d love to come, but I’ve got to work tomorrow. Oh, major FOMO. A: What a shame! B: Yeah, A: Well, FYI, there’s a party tomorrow night. And if you are not busy, you can come to that instead. B: I’m not busy, but TBH I really need to take it easy this weekend. A: What That’s so not like you. B: LOL, that’s true. A: Party is in Hackney Wick. It’s gonna be good, good music, good PPL. B: Oh, major FOMO again. Oh, what the hell Yes, why not I’ll go.

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我的中国同行，除了少数几个人外，对此事的态度与金陵饭店工作人员一样。既然大人知道怎么把钥匙塞进槽口——这是走近槽口的最终目的，既然孩子还很年幼，还没有灵巧到可以独自完成要做的动作，让他自己瞎折腾会有什么好处呢？他很有可能会灰心丧气发脾气——这当然不是所希望的结果。为什么不教他怎么做呢？他会高兴，他还能早些学会做这件事，进而去学做更复杂的事，如开门，或索要钥匙——这两件事到时候同样可以（也应该）示范给他看。 我俩颇为同情地听着这一番道理，解释道，首先，我们并不在意本杰明能不能把钥匙塞进钥匙的槽口。他玩得开心，而且在探索，这两点才是我们真正看重的。但关键在于，在这个过程中，我们试图让本杰明懂得，一个人是能够很好地自行解决问题的。这种自力更生的精神是美国中产阶级最重要的一条育儿观。如果我们向孩子演示该如何做某件事——把钥匙塞进钥匙槽口也好，画只鸡或是弥补某种错误行为也好——那他就不太可能自行想方设法去完成这件事。从更广泛的意义上说，他就不太可能——如美国人那样——将人生视为一系列 的情境，在这些情境中，一个人必须学会独立思考，学会独立解决问题，进而学会发现需要创造性地加以解决的新问题。 把着手教 回想起来，当时我就清楚地意识到，这件事正是体现了问题的关键之所在——而且不仅仅是一种意义上的关键之所在。这件事表明了我们两国在教育和艺术实践上的重要差异。 那些善意的中国旁观者前来帮助本杰明时，他们不是简单地像我可能会做的那样笨拙地或是犹犹豫豫地把他的手往下推。相反，他们极其熟练地、轻轻地把他引向所要到达的确切方向。 我逐渐认识到，这些中国人不是简单地以一种陈旧的方式塑造、引导本杰明的行为：他们是在恪守中国传统，把着手教，教得本杰明自己会愉快地要求再来一次。

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