考研英语翻译练习之汉译英

一、倍数增减的表示法

1) Force N1 _______________(比力N2大2.5倍).

2) This substance _______________(反应速度是另外那种物质的三倍).

3) The earth _______________(是月球大小的49倍).

4) The landlord _______________(想将租金提高三分之一).

5) They _______________(计划将投资增加一倍).

二、时态

1) Be quick, _______________(否则等我们到达教堂时婚礼就已经结束了).

2) When she got home, _______________(孩子们已经睡着了).

3) When I prepare for the college entrance examination, _______________(我姐姐将在海边度假).

4) I_______________(一上午都在修改我的简历).

5) Do you often go on holiday? _______________(不，我已经有五年没有度假了).

6) He joined the army in October, 2001. _______________(他参军已五年了).

三、被动语态

1) The blackboard and chalk _______________(正在被电脑和投影机所取代).

2) The book _______________(到今年年底就将已出版).

3) Computer models _______________(可以用来演示细胞工作的方式).

4) When the bill of fare was brought, _______________(我惊呆了，价格大大超出了我的预料).

5) _______________(必须立即采取有效措施)to eliminate sandy storms.

四、情态动词

1) The phone is ringing, _______________(但是没人接听。她一定不在家).

2) I can’t find my sunglasses. _______________(我可能昨天落在咖啡店里了).

3) You screamed in your sleep last night. _______________(你一定梦见什么可怕的东西了).

4) It’s a pity. _______________(你本应该邀请她来参加你的毕业典礼的).

5) _______________(其实我没必要穿上我最好的套装去参加那次聚会的); most of the guests were wearing jeans and sweaters.

五、虚拟语气

1) I wish _______________(我年轻的时候有你们这样的机会).

2) If only _______________(他知道这病是可以治好的)! Then he would not have killed himself.

3) —— Would you like him to paint your door with yellow stars?

——I’d rather he _______________(漆成蓝色的，而且不带任何装饰).

4) It’s high time tha t _______________(采取措施解决交通堵塞的问题).

5) Hugh usually talks _______________(仿佛在大会上发表演说似的).

6) We insist that _______________(让杰克立刻进医院).

7) It was advised that _______________(在居民区设立更多的流动商店).

8) His proposal was that _______________(他们成立一个专门委员会来检查这个问题).

9) We are going to discuss his suggestion that _______________(取消期中考试).

10) It is ridiculous that _______________(我们在一个总是下雨的国家还缺水).

11) But for his help, _______________(我们就不会以这么低的价格租到房子了).

12) I used my calculator; _______________(否则，我会花更长的时间才能算出这道题).

13) Were I in your place, _______________(我会毫不犹豫地抓住机会).

14) He walked lightly _______________(以免惊醒婴儿).

六、不定式

1) It was a great achievement _______________(10个月建成一栋24层的楼).

2) It is necessary _______________(我们在考试前好好地睡一晚上觉).

3) It is generous _______________(你把这么多钱捐给灾区人民).

4) The teacher decided _______________(不惩罚那些上课迟到的学生).

5) Mr. Green was wondering _______________ (是否去看望在法国的儿子).

6) The gardener _______________(刚才警告我不要在中午给花浇水).

7) We _______________(请他给我们做有关现代艺术的讲座).

8) He feels it challenging _______________(在这么大一所大学做学生会主席).

9) We hope to have more opportunities _______________(把我们在课堂上学到的东西应用于实践).

10) Sally Ride was the first _______________(探索外部空间的美国妇女).

11) They lifted a rock _______________(结果砸了自己的脚).

12) He was surprised _______________(在这个山村遇见一个中学同学).

13) I am sorry _______________(占用了您这么多时间).

14) I happened _______________(在他冲进来的时候站在门口).

15) She doesn’t like _______________(被当作客人).

16) If you want to save money, you’d better _______________(到校园书店买旧书).

17) We were made _______________(进屋之前在垫子上擦擦脚).

七、分词

1) This is the first time that I heard _______________(用意大利语唱“祝你生日快乐”).

2) The cars _______________(停在消防通道的) will be ticketed.

3) The war went on for years, _______________(夺去了成千上万人的生命).

4) The farmers used a new insecticide, thus _______________(将平均产量提高了15%).

5) Einstein watched the toy in delight, _______________(想推导出它的运转原理).

6) _______________(看到大家都在聚精会神地看书), we stopped talking and began to study.

7) _______________(被这个男孩的事迹深深打动了), they decided to pay for his education.

8) _______________(从一个年轻朋友的眼光来看), Einstein was a simple, modest and ordinary man.

9) _______________(好久没有收到父母的来信了), he was worried about them.

八、动名词

1) _______________(每天洗冷水澡) does him a lot of good.

2) They tried to avoid _______________(让女儿做她不喜欢的事情).

3) Developing varieties is the key to _______________(使我们的产品进入国际市场).

4) It is no use _______________(为洒了的牛奶而哭泣).

5) He denied_______________(偷看了同桌的试卷).

6) We congratulated her on _______________(被提升为经理).

九、非谓语动词用法区别

1) Success means _______________(非常努力地工作).

2) John meant _______________(开车去那儿，但他的车出了故障).

3) I heard him _______________(在跟他的母亲谈话).

4) I heard him _______________(跟他的母亲谈了一个小时).

5) He jumped into the pool to save the child _______________(结果却摔断了自己的腿).

6) He jumped from the burning house, _______________(摔断了双腿).

7) He was happy _______________(看到父母很健康).

8) _______________(看到父母安然无恙), he issued a sigh of relief.

9) _______________(跟随着它的脚印), the zoologists spotted the hungry panda.

10) The pop, _______________(后面跟着两个保镖), came to meet his fans.

十、名词从句

1) _______________(他们为什么离开家乡去云南) is still a secret.

2) _______________(最让我不解的) was that he spoke English so well.

3) _______________(这么做是故意的) became obvious.

4) It is not clear yet _______________(谁应该为这件事负责).

5) It is none of your business _______________(玛丽与谁订婚).

6) Don’t put off till tomorrow _______________(今天能做的事).

7) This novel is just _______________(我一直在寻找的).

8) It is not yet known _______________(机器人是否有一天能拥有象人一样的视力).

9) _______________(她是否喜欢那个礼物) is not clear to me.

10) My main problem right now is _______________(我是否应该请求另一笔贷款).

11) It all depends on _______________(他们是否会支持我们).

12) You have yet to answer my question _______________(我是否可以指望你的投票).

13) Finally, the workers got an answer _______________(政府做不了什么事来提高他们工资).

14) Obviously, there was little certainty _______________(主席会同意他的提议).

十一、定语从句

1) Everyday many tourists come to visit _______________(鲁迅出生的那栋房子).

2) The old lady died _______________(在她儿子到达的那天).

3) This is _______________(我赞成这一改革的理由).

4) Let ABC be _______________(一个三边不等长的三角形).

5) Some of the roads were flooded, _______________(这使我们的旅程更为艰难).

6) He introduced me to his students, _______________(他们大部分是英语专业的学生).

7) _______________(众所周知), water is a liquid.

十二、状语从句

1) _______________(不管我们谈论什么), Jim brings polities into the discussion.

2) We climbed high _______________(这样我们就可以看到更好的风景).

3) The problem so very complicated _______________(花了我们两个周才解决).

4) You can go out _______________(只要你答应晚上11点以前回来).

5) I remember the whole thing _______________(仿佛是昨天发生的).

十三、比较级最高级

1) Does she dance _______________(跟她姐姐一样地优美)?

2) The buildings look _______________(在伦敦比在这儿难看得多).

3) This is _______________(他画的最好的画之一).

4) The higher you climb, _______________(空气就越稀薄).

十四、倒装句

1) Scarcely had she fallen asleep _______________(一阵敲门声就把她吵醒).

2) No sooner had Anne arrived _______________(就生病了).

3) The husband was not hospitable to the visitor. _______________(他妻子也没说一句欢迎的话).

4) Only then _______________(那个医生才意识到他的病人需要手术).

5) Only when you adjust down your price _______________(我们才能做成这笔买卖).

十五、强调句

1) _______________(正是Jefferson写下了)the Declaration of Independence.

2) _______________(作者是带着真挚的情感)praises all that is progressive.

3) _______________(正是因为水涨了)we could not cross the river.

4) _______________(人们听见正是Jim 这个无情的家伙) shouting at his mother in the dead of night.

5) _______________(直到我告诉她) Mrs. Williams knew anything about it.

答案及解析

一、倍数增减的表示法

1) is 2.5 times greater than Force N2

2) reacts three times as fast as the other one

3) is 49 times the size of the moon

4) wants to raise the rent by a third

5) plan to double their investment

二、时态

1) or the wedding will have finished by the time we get to the church

2) the children had fallen asleep

3) my sister will be taking her vacation at the seaside

4) have been revising my resume all the morning

5) No. It has been five years since I went on holiday

6) He has been in the army for 5 years

三、被动语态

1) is being replaced by the computer and the projector

2) will have been published by the end of this year

3) can be used to demonstrate the way that cells work

4) I was startled, for the prices were a great deal higher than I had anticipated

5) Effective measures must be taken immediately

四、情态动词

1) but there is no answer. She can’t be at home

2) I may have left them in the coffee shop yesterday

3) You must have dreamed of something terrible

4) You should have invited her to your graduation ceremony

5) I needn’t have put on my best suit to go to the party

五、虚拟语气

1) I had had your opportunities when I was young

2) he had known this disease is curable

3) painted it blue, and without any decorations

4) measures were taken to solve the problem of traffic jams

5) as though he were delivering a speech at an assembly

6) Jack (should) be sent to hospital right now

7) more mobile shops (should) be set up in the residential area

8) they (should) set up a special board/committee to examine this problem

9) the mid-term exams (should) be canceled

10) we (should) be short of water in a country where it is always raining

11) we could not have rent a house at such a low price

12) otherwise, it would have taken me more time to work out this question

13) I would seize the opportunity without hesitation

14) lest he should awaken the baby

六、不定式

1) to complete a 24-story building in 10 months

2) for us to have a good night’s sleep before the test

3) of you to donate so much money to the people in the disaster area

4) not to punish those students who had been late for class

5) whether to visit their son in France

6) warned me just now not to water flowers at noon

7) invited him to give us a lecture on modern art

8) to b e the chairman of students’ union in so large a university

9) to apply what we have learned in class to practice

10) American woman to explore the outer space

11) only to drop it on their own feet

12) to meet a high school classmate in the mountain village

13) to have taken up so much of your time

14) to be standing in the doorway when he rushed in

15) to be treated as a guest

16) go to the campus bookstore to buy used books

17) to wipe our feet on the mat before going into the room

七、分词

1) “Happy birthday to you” sung in Italian

2) parked in the fire lane

3) killing thousands upon thousands of people

4) raising the average yield by 15 percent

5) trying to deduce its operating principle

6) Seeing that everyone was bending over his/her book

7) Deeply moved by the boy’s deeds

8) Seen from the eyes of a young friend

9) Not having heard from his parents for a long time

八、动名词

1) Taking a cold bath every day

2) making their daughter do what she didn’t like to do

3) getting our goods into the international market

4) crying over spilled milk

5) having peeked at his neighbor’s test paper

6) being promoted to manager

九、非谓语动词用法区别

1) working very hard.

2) to drive there, but his car broke down

3) talking to his mother

4) talk to his mother for an hour

5) only to break his own leg

6) breaking his legs

7) to see his parents in good health

8) Seeing his parents safe and sound

9) Following its footprints

10) followed by two body guards

十、名词从句

1) Why they left their hometown for Yunnan

2) What confused me most

3) That this was done on purpose

4) who should be responsible for this matter

5) whom Mary is engaged to

6) what can be done today

7) what I have been looking for

8) whether/if robots will one day have vision as good as human vision

9) Whether she likes the present

10) whether I should ask for another loan

11) whether they will support us

12) whether I can count on your vote

13) that the Government could do nothing to raise their wages

14) that the chairman would agree to this proposal

十一、定语从句

1) the house where Lu Xun was born

2) on the day when his son arrived

3) the reason why I am in favor of this reform

4) a triangle whose three sides are of unequal length

5) which made our journey more difficult

6) most of whom were English majors

7) As is known to all

十二、状语从句

1) Whatever we talk about

2) so that we might get a better view

3) that it took us nearly two weeks to solve it

4) as long as you promise to be back before 11 at night

5) as if it happened yesterday

十三、比较级最高级

1) as gracefully as her sister

2) far uglier in London than here

3) one of the best pictures that he has ever painted

4) the thinner the air becomes

十四、倒装句

1) when a knock at the door awakened her

2) than she fell ill

3) Nor did the wife say a word of welcome.

4) did the doctor realize that his patient needed surgery

5) can we conclude the business

十五、强调句

1) It was Jefferson who wrote

2) It is with genuine feeling that the author

3) It was because the water had risen that

4) It was Jim, the heartless fellow, who was heard

5) It was not until I told her that

考研英语：翻译真题精讲(1)

考研英语：翻译真题精讲（1） 一、全真试题 The standardized educational or psychological tests that are widely used to aid in selecting，classifying，assigning，or promoting students，employees，and military personnel have been the target of recent attacks in books，magazines，the daily press，and even in Congress.（71）The target is wrong，for in attacking the tests，critics divert attention from the fault that lies with ill-informed or incompetent users. The tests themselves are merely tools，with characteristics that can be measured with reasonable precision under specified conditions. Whether the results will be valuable，meaningless，or even misleading depends partly upon the tool itself but largely upon the user. All informed predictions of future performance are based upon some knowledge of relevant past performance: school grades，research productivity，sales records，or whatever is appropriate.（72）How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount，reliability，and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted. Anyone who keeps careful score knows that the information available is always incomplete and that the predictions are always subject to error. Standardized tests should be considered in this context. They provide a quick objective method of getting some kinds of information about what a person learned，the skills he has developed，or the kind of person he is. The information so obtained has，qualitatively，the same advantages and shortcomings as other kinds of information.（73）Whether to use tests，other kinds of information，or both in a particular situation depends，therefore，upon the evidence from experience concerning comparative validity and upon such factors as cost and availability. （74）In general, the tests work most effectively when the qualities to be measured can be most precisely defined and least effectively when what is to be measured or predicated cannot be well defined. Properly used，they provide a rapid means of getting comparable information about many people. Sometimes they identify students whose high potential has not been previously recognized，but there are many things they do not do.（75）For example，they do not compensate for gross social inequality，and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances. 二、翻译题解 （71）The targetiswrong,forin attacking the tests, criticsdivertattention from the faultthatlies withill-informed or incompetent users.

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Within the span of a hundred years, in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, a tide of emigration—one of the great folk wanderings of history—swept from Europe to America. 46) This movement, driven by powerful and diverse motivations, built a nation out of a wilderness and, by its nature, shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent. 47) The United States is the product of two principal forces—the immigration of European peoples with their varied ideas, customs, and national characteristics and the impact of a new country which modified these traits. Of necessity, colonial America was a projection of Europe. Across the Atlantic came successive groups of Englishmen, Frenchmen, Germans, Scots, Irishmen, Dutchmen, Swedes, and many others who attempted to transplant their habits and traditions to the new world. 48) But, the force of geographic conditions peculiar to America, the interplay of the varied national groups upon one another, and the sheer difficulty of maintaining old-world ways in a raw, new continent caused significant changes. These changes were gradual and at first scarcely visible. But the result was a new social pattern which, although it resembled European society in many ways, had a character that was distinctly American. 49) The first shiploads of immigrants bound for the territory which is now the United States crossed the Atlantic more than a hundred years after the 15th- and 16th-century explorations of North America. In the meantime, thriving Spanish colonies had been established in Mexico, the West Indies, and South America. These travelers to North America came in small, unmercifully overcrowded craft. During their six- to twelve-week voyage, they subsisted on barely enough food allotted to them. Many of the ship were lost in storms, many passengers died of disease, and infants rarely survived the journey. Sometimes storms blew the vessels far off their course, and often calm brought unbearably long delay. “To the anxious travelers the sight of the American shore brou ght almost inexpressible relief.” said one recorder of events, “The air at twelve leagues’ distance smelt as sweet as a new-blown garden.” The colonists’ first glimpse of the new land was a sight of dense woods. 50) The virgin forest with its richness and variety of trees was a veritable real treasure-house which extended from Maine all the way down to Georgia. Here was abundant fuel and lumber. Here was the raw material of houses and furniture, ships and potash, dyes and naval stores. 思路： 1.大致介绍文章主要内容 2. 逐段介绍每段的主要内容→分析句子结构→指出翻译时需要注意的点→试译→整理译文→总结翻译技巧和需掌握的单词

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2016考研英语翻译模拟练习题（5） Relativity theory has had a profound influence on our picture of matter by forcing us to modify our concept of a particle in an essential way. (1)(In classical physics, the mass of an object had always been associated with an indestructible material subst ance, with some “stuff” of which all things were thought to be made.)Relativity theory showed that mass has nothing to do with any substance, but is a form energy. Energy, however, is a dynamic quantity associated with activity, or with processes.(2)(The fact that the mass of a particle is equivalent to a certain of energy means that the particle can no longer be seen as a static object, but has to be conceived as a dynamic pattern, a process involving the energy which manifest itself a s the particle’s mass.) (3)(This new view of particles was initiated by Dirac when he formulated a relativistic equation describing the behavior of electrons.) Dirac’s theory was not only extremely successful in accounting for the fine details of atomic structure, but also revealed a fundamental symmetry between matter and anti-matter. It predicted the existence of an anti-matter with the same mass as the electron but with an opposite charge. This positively charged particle, now called the positron, was indeed discovered two years after Dirac had predicted it. The symmetry between matter and anti-matter implies that for every particle there exists an antiparticles with equal mass and opposite charge. Pairs of particles and antiparticles can be created if enough energy is available and can be made to turn into pure energy in the reverse process of destruction.(4)(These processes of particle creation and destruction had been predicted from Dirac’s theory before they were actually discovered in nature, and since then they have been observed millions of times.) The creation of material particles from pure energy is certainly the most spectacular effect of relativity theory, and it can only be understood in terms of the view of particles outlined above.(5)(Before relativistic particle physics, the constituents of matter had always been considered as being either elementary units which were indestructible and unchangeable, or as composite objects which could be broken up into their constituent parts;)and the basic question was whether one could divide matter again and again, or whether one would finally arrive at some smallest indivisible units. 答案 1.在古典物理中，某一物体的质量总是与一种不可毁灭的物质相关联。这是一种构成一切物质的“东西”。 2.某一粒子的质量相当于一定的能量，这一事实意味着该粒子不再被看作是一个静态的物体，而应该被看成是一种动态的形式，一种与能量表现为粒子质量相关的过程。 3.这一新的粒子观是由迪拉克首创的，他列出了描述电子运动行为的相对论方程。 4.粒子生成和毁灭的过程在真正被发现之前，迪拉克的理论已经对它们作出了预测，从那时起人们对此做过数百万次的观测。 5.在相对论粒子物理学诞生之前，人们一直以为物质的构成成分要么是不可毁灭和不可改变的基本单位，要么是可以分解为其构成部分的合成物。 总体分析