研究生英语翻译作业汤

乳酸杆菌SK007发酵产4-羟基苯基乳酸

1.Answers to Questions

The production of 4-hydroxyphenyllactic acid (4-HO-PLA), a novel antifungal compound, was studied in Lactobacillus sp.SK007 growth. When grown in MRS broth, the strain could produce 75 μg/ml HO-4-PLA, which was the highest reported so far.Tyrosine and 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid (HO-4-PPA) supplements during fermentation could both increase the HO-4-PLAproduction yield, and the effect of HO-4-PPA on HO-4-PLA production was remarkably better than that of tyrosine. UsingHO-4-PPA as substrate could effectively produce HO-4-PLA, which reached 1.26 mg/ml

在乳酸杆菌SK007的生长过程中研究新型的抗真菌化合物4-羟基苯基乳酸(4-HO-PLA)的产量。在MRS培养基生长时，该菌株能产生75微克/毫升4-羟基苯基乳酸，这是目前为止报道的最高含量。在发酵过程中添加酪氨酸和4-羟基苯丙酮酸(HO-4-PPA)既可以提高4-羟基苯基乳酸的产量又可以提高4-羟基苯丙酮酸对4-羟基苯基乳酸的产量的影响，这种效果显著高于只添加酪氨酸。用4-羟基苯丙酮酸作为底物能够有效地增加4-羟基苯基乳酸的产量，可达1.26 mg/ml。

2.Supporting Results and Findings

Lavermicocca et al. reported the production of PLA and HO-4-PLA from L. plantarum 21B, a sourdough isolate with antifungal activity against several species of filamentous fungi, which was the first report showing the production of PLA and HO-4-PLA by LAB. Findings from subsequent researches indicated both the organic acids could be produced by a wide range of LAB species but their production is straindependent. PLA and HO-4-PLA were found as metabolites in LAB strains through phenylalanine and tyrosine degradation, respectively. Transamination was considered as the first step for phenylalanine and tyrosine degradation to produce PLA and HO-4-PLA,respectively, in LAB growth. Yvon et al. reported Lactococcus lactis NCDO 736 aminotransferase initiated many amino acid's degradation to produce corresponding ketoacids, including phenylalanine and tyrosine to phenylpyruvic acid (PPA) and 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid (HO-4-PPA), respectively . Improving the transamination efficiency could promote the degradation of amino acid, such as phenylalanine. The biosynthesis pathway of PLA from phenylalanine in LAB growth was already clear, in which PLA was identified as the hydrogenation-reduction product from PPA. It was demonstrated that PPA could be easier than phenylalanine to produce PLA inLAB growth. However, reduction of HO-4-PPA to HO-4-PLA wasstill not reported in LAB growth.

Lavermicocca等报道说来自乳杆菌21B条能产苯乳酸和4-羟基苯基乳酸的菌是一种对数种丝状真菌具有抗真菌活性的酵母，这是第一个显示实乳酸菌能产苯乳酸和4-羟基苯基乳酸的报告。随后的研究表明，从调查结果中的有机酸都可以通过一个广泛的乳酸菌种产生，但其产生有菌株依赖性。苯乳酸和4-羟基苯基乳酸是乳酸菌分别降解苯丙氨酸和酪氨酸的代谢物。在乳酸菌的生长过程中，

转氨作用被认为是苯丙氨酸和酪氨酸降解分别产生苯乳酸和4-羟基苯基乳酸的第一步。Yvon等报道称乳酸菌NCDO 736转氨酶催化许多氨基酸的降解产生相应的酮酸，分别包括苯丙氨酸、酪氨酸、苯丙酮酸(PPA)以及4-羟基苯丙酮酸(HO-4-PPA)。提高转氨效率，可促进氨基酸的降解，如苯丙氨酸。在乳酸菌的生长过程中由苯丙氨酸转化产生苯乳酸的生物合成途径已经明确，其中苯乳酸被确定为苯丙酮酸的加氢还原产品。这表明苯丙酮酸比苯丙氨酸更容易产生苯乳酸。然而，在乳酸菌的生长过程中，对4-羟基苯丙酮酸的减少产生4-羟基苯基乳酸的过程仍然没有报道过。

3.Interpretation and Exptantions

In addition, the influence of HO-4-PPA on HO-4-PLA production was firstly evaluated. The HO-4-PLA production course by Lactobacillus sp. SK007 in MRS broth supplemented with 1 mg/ml HO-4-PPA was shown in Fig. 2. HO-4-PPA could effectively improve the HO-4-PLA production during the fermentation process, and the maximum production reached 365 μg/ml, which was 4.86 and 2.44 times of that produced in only MRS broth and MRS broth supplemented with 1 mg/ml tyrosine, respectively. In this case, tyrosine content was obviously less than that in MRS broth supplemented with 1 mg/ml tyrosine, but slightly more than that in only MRS broth (shown in Fig. 1C), which indicated that HO-4-PPA was effectively biotransformated into HO-4-PLA and biosynthesized into tyrosine in a small amount.

此外，本文首先对4-羟基苯丙酮酸对4-羟基苯基乳酸产量的影响进行了评估。乳酸菌SK007在补充1 mg/ml 4-羟基苯丙酮酸的MRS肉汤培养基中发酵产生的4-羟基苯基乳酸的量的曲线如图2所示。在发酵过程中，4-羟基苯丙酮酸能够有效地提高4-羟基苯基乳酸的产量，并且最高产量达到365 μg/ml，这是分别在MRS肉汤培养基中和补充1 mg/ml酪氨酸的MRS肉汤培养基中培养得到的4-羟基苯基乳酸产量的4.86和2.44倍。在这种情况下，酪氨酸含量明显少于在MRS肉汤中补充1 mg/ml的酪氨酸，但要比只在MRS肉汤培养基中培养的稍高（如图1C所示），这表明4-羟基苯丙酮酸能够有效地转化生成4-羟基苯基乳酸并且能够生物合成少量酪氨酸。

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