新视野大学英语预备级1 Unit 4 教案

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Unit 4

Stopping Smoking in Public Places?

Content

I．Leading in

II．Text Audio

III．Sentence Analysis

IV．Words and Phrases

V．Exercises

VI．Spotlight on Grammar

VII.Additional listening

I.Leading in

1)Pictures

2) Discussion:

a.How do you feel when you find someone is smoking in public?

b.Does anyone in your family smoke? What do you think of it?

c.What bad results do you think smoking will bring about?

d.It’s reported that China will ban smoking in all public indoor places and

some outdoor places, what is your opinion toward this action?

II. Text Audio

(打开连接即可听音频)

III. Sentence Analysis

1. This is an important question being discussed in American society today. (Para.1)

?Note: 现在分词短语一般放在所修饰的名词之后，相当于一个定语从句，但比从句简洁，例如:

A little child learning to walk often falls.

学走路的孩子常常跌倒。

Do you know the man carrying a large raincoat?

你认识那个拿着一件大雨衣的人吗？

?中文翻译：这是当今美国社会讨论的一个重要问题。

2. Califano even thinks that people will save money by reducing illness. (Para 2)

?Note: illness和disease的用法相近，区别在于illness用以形容生病或身体不适，而disease用以形容有名称和有特殊症状的疾病，由细菌、病毒等引发或会相互传染：

Father is just getting over from his illness.

父亲病后初愈。

Arthritis is a chronic disease.

关节炎是一种慢性病。

?中文翻译：卡利法诺甚至认为，人们会因为减少吸烟带来的疾病而剩下一些钱。

3. Screvane, a heavy smoker himself, would lose too much time if he had to go a special area three or four times an hour. (Para.3)

?Note: 在虚拟条件句中，条件从句的谓语用动词的过去式，结果主句的谓语用should（第一人称）或would（第二、第三人称）+动词原形：If we left now, we should arrive in good time.

假如我们现在就走，我们能及时到达。

Even if he had the money, he wouldn’t buy it.

他即使有钱也不会买它。

?中文翻译：斯克里文本人烟瘾很大，如果让他每小时到特定的地方去三四次，会浪费很多工作时间。

4. Screvane cares about creating different classes of people in society, about money, and about time, but he never talks about public health and safety. (Para.4) ?care about: be worried about or interested in关心；介意

The education of the children is the thing that she cares about most.

她最关心的是孩子们的教育。

I don’t care about what you do.

你干什么我不在乎。

?Meaning: Scerevane is concerned about creating different groups of people in society, about money, and about time, but he is never concerned about the health and safety of people.

?中文翻译：斯克里文关心在社会中形成不同阶层的问题，关心钱和时间的

问题，他从未谈及公共健康与公共安全问题。

5. I also believe that companies could save money when their workers are not wasting time in smoking. (Para.5)

?company: n.

①[C] a group of people united for business reasons 公司

He has opened a cigarette company.

他开了家烟草公司。

Is the telephone company here private or state-owned?

这里的电话公司是私营的还是国营的?

②[U] being with a person 陪伴

She was very good company and I enjoyed our evening together.

她是个很好的伙伴，晚上我和她在一起过得很愉快。

I always enjoy her company because she always has interesting stories to

tell.

她有讲不完的有趣故事，我乐于跟她在一起。

?中文翻译：我也相信，如果公司工作人员不将时间浪费在吸烟上，公司可以剩下钱。

IV. Words and Phrases

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/b23202831.html,pare

v. examine things to see how they are alike or different 比较，对比

e.g.

If you compare the works of the two poets, you'll find this one's are easy to understand.

对比两位诗人的作品，你会发现这一位的诗比较容易理解。

He compared one suggestion with another before he made the decision.

他在做出决定之前比较了多个建议。

Note:

compare后可接to 或with. 在表示两物相似的情况下常用compare to, 意为“将……比作”

The poet compares the woman he loves to a rose.

这位诗人把他钟情的女子比作玫瑰。

在比较两物的异同时则常用compare with, 意为“将……与……进行对比”

If we compare French school with British school, we find there many differences.

如果我们把法国和英国的学校相比，会发现它们有许多不同之处。

2. ignore

v. take no notice of 不顾；忽视

e.g.

You should think carefully about others' advice instead of ignoring it.

你应该仔细考虑而不是忽视他人的建议。

We cannot ignore the importance of agriculture in national economy.

我们不能忽视农业在国民经济中的重要地位。

3. enforce

v.①make sth. work 实施，执行

e.g.

Governments make laws and the police enforce them.

政府制定法律，警方执行法律。

How will they enforce the new law?

他们会怎么执行这条新法令？

②force sth. to be done or to happen 强制

e.g.

Being a teacher, you can’t enforce obedience upon the children.

作为老师，你不能强制孩子们服从你。

They try to enforce agreement with their plans.

他们企图迫使人们同意他们的计划。

4. defend

v. ①say or write sth. to support 为……辩护

e.g.

He tried to defend his ideas with facts.

他试图用事实证明他的观点。

②keep safe防护，保卫

e.g.

The council states that every child should be defended against dangerous things.

理事会指出每个孩子都不应受危险事物的侵害。

③protect so as to stop others from coming close

防守，防御

e.g.

They have shown great skill in defending their goal.

他们防守球门的技巧很高。

It appears easy to attack but difficult to defend.

看起来进攻易，防守难。

5. demand

v. ①ask for sth. firmly 要求，强求

e.g.

The workers are demanding better pay.

工人们要求提高工资。

She demanded to speak to the president.

她要求与校长谈话。

②need in order to be successful 需要，要求

e.g.

The success of this game was not a result of good luck. It demanded special skills in both attack and defense.

赢得这场球赛并不是因为运气好，它需要进攻和防卫的特殊技巧。

n.①[C] an act of demanding 要求，请求

e.g.

The company has turned down our demand for a 5% pay increase.

公司拒绝了我们增加5%工资的要求。

This work makes great demands on time.

这项工作对时间要求很高。

②[U] the strong need for sth. 需要，需求

e.g.

There's not much demand for this kind of information.

这种信息不太需要。

It is our demand that she should go there.

她到那里去是我们的要求。

6. reduce

v. make sth. less in size, amount , etc. 减少，降低，缩小

e.g.

The government stated that taxes for people with low income would be relatively reduced.

政府声明低收入人群的税额将有所削减。

She succeeded in reducing her weight.

她成功地减轻了体重。

7. cost

v. have sth. as a price价钱为；使付出

e.g.

Education costs money.

教育需要投资。

This new machine costs us ten thousand dollars.

这台新机器花了我们一万美元。

n.①[C] the price paid for sth. 价格，费用

e.g.

I bought the table at a cost of $50.

我买这张桌子花了50美元。

Parents have to support their children by covering the cost of books.

家长需要负担孩子的书费。

②[C; U] sth. given in order to get sth. else 代价，牺牲

e.g.

The high development of the economy in that area was made at the cost of reducing agriculture.

那个地区经济的高速发展是以缩小农业规模为代价的

8. force

v. make sb. do sth. that he doesn't want to do 强迫，迫使

e.g.

I didn't want to go; he forced me.

我并不想去，他硬要我去。

The president was forced to give up.

总统被迫放弃。

n.①[U] power or strength 力，力量

e.g.

He used force to get into the room.

他破门而入。

The robber took the money from the old man by force.

歹徒强行抢走了老人的钱。

②[C] power on sth. 势力，威力，影响力

e.g.

Many forces have been at work to improve our living.

多种因素共同作用提高我们的生活水平。

The force of his argument was so great that many people changed their thoughts.

他的论点很有力，许多人改变了他们原来的想法。

V. Exercises

5.1 Chinese to English Translation

5.2 English to Chinese Translation

5.1 Translate the following sentences into English using the words in the brackets.

1.伦敦和纽约是无法相比的，它们很不相同。(compare)

?将……和……相比，用compare…with…

●It is impossible to compare London with New York; they are quite different.

2.他用许多科学信息来支持自己的观点。(support ... with)

●He supported his opinion with a lot of scientific information.

3.我们认为有必要制定禁止在公共场所吸烟的法规，并严格地加以实施。

(enforce)

?“制定禁止在公共场所吸烟的法规，并严格地加以实施”，动词不定式短语做主语太长，因此要引入形式主语it. and连接两个动词不定式短语，后一个要重复动词不定式符号to。

●We think that it is needed to work out laws and rules to stop smoking in public

places and to strongly enforce them.

4.我们可以用很多事实来证明吸烟危害人体健康。(prove)

?对……有危害be dangerous to sth.

●We can use many facts to prove that smoking is dangerous to people’s health.

5.他认为建立无烟区花钱太多，太费时间。(cost too much money)

●He believes that creating no smoking areas would cost too much money and

waste too much time.

5.2 Translate the following sentence into Chinese.

1.The three children sat in the airplane, watching the clouds clear away as the

airplane went higher and higher into the sky.

?见课文讲解

●三个孩子坐在机舱里，注视着云彩随着飞机升空渐渐消散开去。

2.Although their father often spent days traveling round the sheep farm looking at

the sheep, grass, and fences, their mother was always there.

?spend sometime doing sth. 花时间做某事；looking at…为现在分词短语做伴随状语，动词look的逻辑主语是their father。

●虽然父亲常常一连几天绕着牧羊场转来转去，照看着绵羊、草地和围栏，

但母亲总是在他们身旁。

3.The day Amy learned of the car accident and her parents’ death in Sydney, she

realized what it really meant to be the eldest in the family.

?词组learn of 前面学习过，意思为获悉；what引导的是宾语从句。

●得知父母在悉尼死于车祸的那一天，艾米就意识到了作为家里的长女真正

意味着什么。

4.Susie was too young to realize exactly what had happened, but through watching

the other children, she knew it was something terrible.

?too…to…结构的意思为“太……而不能”。terrible为后置定语，修饰something

●苏西当时年纪太小，未能确切地意识到究竟出了什么事，但通过观察其他

孩子，她知道可怕的事情发生了。

5.Amy knew that she needed a firm parent, but it often seemed easier to avoid a

fight than to stand up to her in public.

●艾米知道苏西需要一个严厉的大人管教，但似乎阻止一场打斗都比在众人

面前驳斥她更容易。

VI．Spotlight on Grammar

含蓄条件句

1)…restricting smoking in public places “would set up two classes of citizens and

would make many people a ngry”. (Passage A, Unit 4)

2)…creating no smoking areas would cost too much money and waste too much

time. (Passage A, Unit 4)

3)…any country fighting a war would surely be destroyed. (Passage A, Unit 1)

4)Two years ago, before their parents’ death, it would have been fun. (Passage A,

Unit 3)

在上述四例中，谓语动词用的都是虚拟语气，而其中的条件分句都没有出现。其实，从它们的意义和上下文来看，上述每一句都包含着一个隐匿的条件分句，它们分别是：

1) If smoking were restricted in public places,it would set up two classes of citizens and would make many people angry.

2) If no smoking area were created, it would cost too much money and waste too much time.

虚拟条件句(sentences of unreal condition) 是英语虚拟语气常见的用法之一。这种句子通常包含一个由if引导的条件分句(conditional clause, 或称if-clause) 和一个主句。在表示现在和将来时间的虚拟条件句中，条件分句用一般过去时，主句用would / should / could / might + 动词原形；在表示过去时间的虚拟条件句中，条件分句用过去完成时，主句用would / should / could / might have + 过去分词。例如：

If I were you, I would take his advice.

If I had left a little earlier, I would have caught the train.

有时条件分句可以不出现，而只出现主句。这种只有主句，而分句隐匿的条件句被称为含蓄条件句(sentences of implied condition)，如上述四例所示。在含蓄条件句中，尽管条件分句被隐匿，但所假设的条件还是通过其他手段表示出来。

有时这种条件由介词短语表示。例如：

You would do better in a different way. ( = … if you tried a different way.)

But for (如果没有，要不是) the rain, we should have arrived earlier. ( = If it had not been for the rain, …)

有时假设的条件也可通过上下文或其他方式表示。例如：

Too many beautiful clothes would cost too much money. ( = If you bought too many beautiful clothes, they would cost…)

To have a dog at home would keep you busy. ( = If you had a dog at home, it would keep…)

********************************************************************

VII. Additional Listening

BBC Special English: Women Smoking

Script

COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, blocks airflow through the lungs. It makes breathing difficult. The leading cause is cigarette smoking. Experts at the National Institutes of Health in the United States say the damage to the lungs cannot be repaired and there is no cure.

Dawn DeMeo is an assistant professor at Harvard Medical School in Boston, Massachusetts.

(DAWN DeMEO) "By two thousand and twenty, COPD will likely be the third leading cause of death across the world."

COPD is a new name for emphysema and chronic bronchitis. These are the two most common forms of the disease. Many people with COPD have both of them. And Doctor DeMeo says more women than men now die from the disease.

She is the lead author of a study by a team from Harvard's Brigham and Women's Hospital and the University of Bergen in Norway. The new study adds to findings that women may be more at risk than men for the damaging effects of smoking.

The team examined results from a Norwegian study of nine hundred fifty-four people with COPD Inga-Cecilie Soerheim co-authored the team's findings. Doctor Soerheim says they show that women suffered the same severity of COPD as men. But, by comparison, the female smokers were younger and had smoked a lot less.

The team also looked at two groups among the people in the study. These were people under the age of sixty and those who had smoked for less than twenty years. In both cases, women had more severe COPD and a greater loss of lung function than men.

Doctor DeMeo says some of the people in the study did not smoke much but still developed severe lung disease.

(DAWN DeMEO) "Many people underestimate the health risks of their own cigarette consumption, thinking that a few cigarettes here and there, a few cigarettes every day, are harmless. But clearly there is no such thing as a safe level of cigarette smoke exposure. And our findings suggest that this is particularly true for women."

The study was presented last month to the American Thoracic Society.

Doctor Soerheim says there are several possible explanations why women may be more at risk from the effects of cigarette smoke than men. Women have smaller airways, she says, so each cigarette may do more harm. Also, there are differences between males and females in the way the body processes cigarette smoke. And she says genes and hormones could also play an important part.

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新视野大学英语4第二版课文翻译

Unit 1 Section A 艺术家追求成名，如同狗自逐其尾，一旦追到手，除了继续追逐不知还能做些什么。成功之残酷正在于它常常让那些追逐成功者自寻毁灭。 对一名正努力追求成功并刚刚崭露头角的艺术家，其亲朋常常会建议“正经的饭碗不能丢～”他们的担心不无道理。 追求出人头地，最乐观地说也困难重重，许多人到最后即使不是穷困潦倒，也是几近精神崩溃。 尽管如此，希望赢得追星族追捧和同行赞扬之类的不太纯洁的动机却在激励着他们向前。享受成功的无上光荣，这种诱惑不是能轻易抵挡的。 成名者之所以成名，大多是因为发挥了自己在歌唱、舞蹈、绘画或写作等方面的特长，并能形成自己的风格。 为了能迅速走红，代理人会极力吹捧他们这种风格。他们青云直上的过程让人看不清楚。他们究竟是怎么成功的，大多数人也都说不上来。 尽管如此，艺术家仍然不能闲下来。 若表演者、画家或作家感到无聊，他们的作品就难以继续保持以前的吸引力，也就难以保持公众的注意力。 公众的热情消磨以后，就会去追捧下一个走红的人。 有些艺术家为了不落伍，会对他们的写作、跳舞或唱歌的风格稍加变动，但这将冒极大的失宠的危险。 公众对于他们藉以成名的艺术风格以外的任何形式都将不屑一顾。 知名作家的文风一眼就能看出来，如田纳西?威廉斯的戏剧、欧内斯特?海明威的情节安排、罗伯特?弗罗斯特或 T.S.艾略特的诗歌等。

同样，像莫奈、雷诺阿、达利这样的画家，希区柯克、费里尼、斯皮尔伯格、陈凯歌或张艺谋这样的电影制作人也是如此。 他们鲜明独特的艺术风格标志着与别人不同的艺术形式上的重大变革，这让他们名利双收，但也让他们付出了代价，那就是失去了用其他风格或形式表现自我的自由。 名气这盏聚光灯可比热带丛林还要炙热。骗局很快会被揭穿，过多的关注带来的压力会让大多数人难以承受。 它让你失去自我。你必须是公众认可的那个你，而不是真实的你或是可能的你。艺人，就像政客一样，必须常常说些违心或连自己都不完全相信的话来取悦听众。 一滴名气之水有可能玷污人的心灵这一整口井，因此一个艺术家若能保持真我，会格外让人惊叹。 你可能答不上来哪些人没有妥协，却仍然在这场名利的游戏中获胜。 一个例子就是爱尔兰著名作家奥斯卡?王尔德，他在社交行为和性行为方面以我行我素而闻名于世。虽然他的行为遭到公众的反对，却依然故我，他也因此付出了惨痛的代价。在一次宴会上，他一位密友的母亲当着他的朋友和崇拜者的面，指责他在性方面影响了她的儿子。 他听了她的话以后大为光火，起诉了这个年轻人的母亲，声称她毁了自己的“好”名声。但是，他真该请一个更好的律师。 结果是，法官不仅不支持他提出的让这个女人赔偿他名声损失费的请求，反而对他本人进行了罚款。 他由于拒交罚款最终还被送进了监狱。更糟糕的是，他再也无法获得更多公众的宠爱。在最糟糕的时候，他发现没有一个人愿意拿自己的名声冒险来替他说话。

新视野大学英语4读写教程英语答案

1. No matter how experienced a speaker you are, and how well you have prepared your speech, you will have difficulty making a speech at such a noisy reception. 2. Just as all his sister’s friends cared about him, Jimmy cared about them. 3. Car manufacturers stamp a vehicle identification number at several places on new cars to help track down stolen vehicles. 4. If you dare tell on me when the teacher gets back I won’t say a word to you any more. 5. Some elderly people prefer to live on their own while the great majority choose to live with their children. 6.Here is something that needs to be reckoned with: how to get the necessary finances to establish the company. 1. 每当有人帮了你，无论事情大小，无论他地位高低，你都应该对他说声“谢谢”。 2．蒸汽机的发明使船舶发生了变化，正如其已经改变了陆地运输一样。 3．尽管经理努力帮忙，他还是不能找到问题的根源所在。 4．这个女孩的生活天天围着哥哥转，完全明白该做什么来使哥哥高兴。 5．如果你不知道自己想要什么，你最终得到的可能都是自己不想要对。 6．吉米有他妹妹帮助他度过那些没有父亲的艰难日子。 1. The defendant, a woman of only 30, kept insisting on her own innocence. 2. All tings considered, dates, beans and some leafy green vegetables are the best sources of iron. 3. No beverages are served with meals because they interfere with digestion. 4. Taking the popularity of the region into consideration, it is advisable to book hotels in advance. 5.If you have a feeling of wanting to throw up after taking this drug,stop taking it immediately and consult your doctors as soon as possible. 6. Summing up the discussion, he said both parties should consider the most effective way to solve the problem. 1. 作为补救缺铁的一种方法，专家推荐食用肉鸡和鱼，它们是最好的铁质来源也是唯一最容易被身体吸收的铁质来源。 2．铁质储量为零时，你会觉得虚弱，疲乏无力，喘不过气，这是缺铁第三阶段的典型症状。 3. 耐力运动员，尤其是女性，经常会缺铁，如果增食肉类食物或服用铁质补剂，能够恢复到健康状态。 4这位运动医学专家认为，感到劳累、工作效率差的人，最好食用牛肉羊肉，它们含有最易被吸收的铁质。 5．铁质储量低的人应该去咨询医生，看看是否应通过调整饮食或服用铁质补剂来校正不足。 6．一般说来，如果你忽视自己摄入的铁质含量，不在铁质储备失去之前注意警告信号，你会有危险。 1. In his thinking, as in his behavior, he is very traditional. 2. Once the teachers agree to accept the new teaching program, they have to face the strain it puts on them. 3. In the long run, it is worthwhile to pursue one’s study after graduating from university instead of go ing to work directly. 4. As the school operates on the Character First principle, moral values and academic achievements are stressed equally. 5. It is said that the meeting, which is scheduled to be held this month, will be put off till next month. 6. The school sees its job as preparing its students for life by cultivating a comprehensive set of principles that can benefit all of them. 1.跟在法国一样，美国在20世纪60年代也发生过文化革命。 2他一旦下定决心去干一件事，就根本拦不住他。 3学校强调的观点是：家长和孩子一起参加学校的活动是值得的。 4快下课时，老师让学生用最后的五分钟来展开激烈的讨论，依照1—10的评分标准相互评价他们当天的课堂表现。 5为了避免引发针对他们的品格培养方案争论该校校长解释说品格第一并不是要强迫学生接受某一套道德原则或宗教观念。 6并非所有的家长都相信海德中学的办学原则，即如果你向学生传授诸如求真、勇敢、正直领导能力、好奇心和关心他人等美德的话，学生的学习成绩就自然会提高。 1. Everything considered, this city is the world’s most exciting city. 2. Though with no approval from his parents, he went ahead with his plan to study abroad. 3. The bridge was named after the hero who gave his life for the cause of people. 4. It is said that the painter used his mother as the model in the painting whose face represented suffering yet strength. 5. The writer instantly rose to fame in 1950 with the publication of a novel inspired by his experience with a girl on a farm. 6. One story says that “US” was short for “Uncle Sam” whose real name was Sam Wilson, who had once worked with a man who had signed a contract with the government to provide meat to the US Army. 这副画上一个神色严肃的男子，身旁站着一位女子，身后是所农舍。他们的原型分别是画家的牙医和姐姐。 2．公司的申请书，不管是代表自己还是代表他人，都应该有官员的签名。 3．做了脱口秀之后，约翰和妻子在广播和电视节目上出了名，这些节目给普通民众以启迪，而不只是向他们提供信息。 4．尽管有些人不赞同，可市领导还是决定实施这个计划，在湖边建造两个五星级宾馆，以吸引更多的游客。 5．那位著名画家去世了，曾经给他当模特的妻子立即担任了他装潢公司的总经理职务。 6．宴会上，他们的衣着都很华丽，但吸引我注意力的却是他们的交谈方式，使得我很想和他们交谈。 1. Not until he saw his mother lying in bed, dying, did he realize how much he loved her. 2. Taking into account of his recent physical condition, I think he has done quite well in the exam. 3. Mrs. Clark lies in bed motionless, and I wondered briefly if she is still alive. 4. The building was darkened except for a single light burning in a third-storey window. 5. These soldiers have received very strict training and are well equipped to fulfill the new task. 6. He reached for the phone, picked it up, and dialed the hotel’s number. 1.直到60年代早期，人们似乎才普遍认同英国不再是以前心目中那样的大国了。 2在决定了租房之后，我们便着手与市内所有的房屋代理商联系。 3我小心翼翼地替她擦身子，尽量避免弄疼她，因为她瘦的只剩皮包骨了。 4我心间对这位老人涌起了一股感情他那暗黄的皮肤松弛地裹在显得异常大的骨头上深陷的胸部随着不均匀呼吸一起一伏。5．你在报上读到那位著名画家的消息了吗？他实际上是为了要成为视觉艺术大师的抱负而累死的。 6．有迹象表明，这位老太太想孤独地离开人世，不让她的家人看到他们或许无力面对的人生插曲。 1 We should try our best to forecast earthquakes so that destruction of property caused by them could be prevented as much as 2. A farmer noticed large schools of fish swimming near the surface of the water, which, he said, indicated the possible occurrence of an earthquake. 3. Keep an English-English dictionary handy, and when you cannot understand a word with accuracy, you may refer to it any time. 4. If necessary, people who live in the area where an earthquake is about to occur may sleep in tents. 5. A master’s degree does make a great difference to a student who wants to get a job. 6. In addition to the knowledge about earthquakes, the book tells us how to prepare for them 1. 由于在地震中遇难的人大部分都是被倒塌的建筑物砸死的，所以一定要改进建筑结构以便它们能够抵御地震的力量。 2．人们应该在家里和工作地点储备些水和食物，这在可能发生地震时是特别必要的。 3．在日本和中国，人们长期以来一直相信通过观察动物行为可以预测地震。 4．除了努力改进建筑结构之外，地震多发地区的人们还应该在其他几个方面为可能发生的大地震做好准备。

新视野大学英语(第三版)第二册读写教程课后答案

新视野大学英语（第三版）第二册读写教程课后答案 新视野大学英语（第三版）第二册读写教程课后答案Unit 1 Language in mission Text A An impressive English lesson Ex.1 Understanding the text 1、Because he is tired of listening to his father and he is not interested in grammar rules. 2、The civilization of Greece and the glory of Roman architecture are so marvelous and remarkable that they should be described at least in a brief account; however, what the student could do was only one single utterance :“whoa!” without any any specific comment. 3、Because the schools fail to set high standards of language proficiency. They only teach a little grammar and less advanced vocabulary. And the younger teachers themselves have little knowledge of the vital structures of language. 4、Because teaching grammar is not an easy job and most of the students will easily get bored if it’s not properly dealt with. 5、He familiarized his son with different parts of speech in a sentence and discussed their specific grammatical functions including how to use adverbs to describe verbs. 6、Because the son had never heard about the various names and functions of words in an English sentence before. 7、The author uses “road map”and “car”to describe grammar and vocabulary. Here,“road map”is considered as grammar and “car”as vocabulary. 8、Since the subjunctive mood his son used is a fairly advanced grammar structure, the interjection“whoa!”reflects the tremendous pride the father had toward his son; it also reflects the author’s humor in using the word because it was once used by his student, tho ugh in two different situations and with two different feelings. Ex.3 Words in use 1.condense 2.exceed 3.deficit 4.exposure 5.asset 6.adequate https://www.sodocs.net/doc/b23202831.html,petent 8.adjusting 9.precisely 10.beneficial Ex.4 Word building -al/-ial: managerial/editorial/substance/survival/tradition/margin -cy : consistency/accuracy/efficient -y : recovery/ministry/assembly Ex.5 Word building 1.editorial 2.recovery 3.accuracy 4.substance 5.managerial 6.margin 7.assembly 8.Ministry 9.survival 10.tradition 11.consistency 12.efficient Ex.6 Banked cloze 1-5: L C J A I 6-10: O N E H F Ex.7 Expressions in use 1.feel obliged to 2.be serious about 3.run into 4.distinguish between 5.thrust upon 6.was allergic to 7.get lost 8.be attracted to 9.make sense 10.looked upon as Ex.8 Structured writing Some bookworms in my dormitory often spend hours reading their “Bible”, Practical English Grammar, and do a lot of exercises in that book , but I don’t care about it at all. My assumption is since I have never learned Chinese grammar, what’s the sense of l earning English grammar? In fact, English grammar has always been a big headache to me. English grammar is very complicated because, unlike Chinese, there are many verb tenses. Even

新视野大学英语第四册课文原文

1A An artist who seeks fame is like a dog chasing his own tail who, when he captures it, does not know what else to do but to continue chasing it. The cruelty of success is that it often leads those who seek such success to participate in their own destruction. "Don't quit your day job!" is advice frequently given by understandably pessimistic family members and friends to a budding artist who is trying hard to succeed. The conquest of fame is difficult at best, and many end up emotionally if not financially bankrupt. Still, impure motives such as the desire for worshipping fans and praise from peers may spur the artist on. The lure of drowning in fame's imperial glory is not easily resisted. Those who gain fame most often gain it as a result of exploiting their talent for singing, dancing, painting, or writing, etc. They develop a style that agents market aggressively to hasten popularity, and their ride on the express elevator to the top is a blur. Most would be hard-pressed to tell you how they even got there. Artists cannot remain idle, though. When the performer, painter or writer becomes bored, their work begins to show a lack of continuity in its appeal and it becomes difficult to sustain the attention of the public. After their enthusiasm has dissolved, the public simply moves on to the next flavor of the month. Artists who do attempt to remain current by making even minute changes to their style of writing, dancing or singing, run a significant risk of losing the audience's favor. The public simply discounts styles other than those for which the artist has become famous. Famous authors' styles—a Tennessee Williams play or a plot by Ernest Hemingway or a poem by Robert Frost or T.S. Eliot—are easily recognizable. The same is true of painters like Monet, Renoir, or Dali and moviemakers like Hitchcock, Fellini, Spielberg, Chen Kaige or Zhang Yimou. Their distinct styles marked a significant change in form from others and gained them fame and fortune. However, they paid for it by giving up the freedom to express themselves with other styles or forms. Fame's spotlight can be hotter than a tropical jungle—a fraud is quickly exposed, and the pressure of so much attention is too much for most to endure. It takes you out of yourself: You must be what the public thinks you are, not what you really are or could be. The performer, like the politician, must often please his or her audiences by saying things he or she does not mean or fully believe. One drop of fame will likely contaminate the entire well of a man's soul, and so an artist who remains true to himself or herself is particularly amazing. You would be hard-pressed to underline many names of those who have not compromised and still succeeded in the fame game. An example, the famous Irish writer Oscar Wilde, known for his uncompromising behavior, both social and sexual, to which the public objected, paid heavily for remaining true to himself. The mother of a young man Oscar was intimate with accused him at a banquet in front of his friends and fans of sexually influencing her son. Extremely angered by her remarks, he sued the young man's mother, asserting that she had damaged his "good" name. He should have hired a better attorney, though. The judge did not second Wilde's call to have the woman pay for damaging his name, and instead fined Wilde. He ended up in jail after refusing to pay, and even worse, was permanently expelled from the wider circle of public favor. When things were at their worst, he found that no one was willing to risk his or her name in his defense. His price for remaining true to himself was to be left alone when he needed his fans the most. Curiously enough, it is those who fail that reap the greatest reward: freedom! They enjoy the freedom to express themselves in unique and original ways without fear of losing the support of fans. Failed artists may find comfort in knowing that many great artists never found fame until well after they had passed away or in knowing that they did not sell out. They may justify their failure by convincing themselves their genius is too sophisticated for contemporary audiences. Single-minded artists who continue their quest for fame even after failure might also like to know that failure has motivated some famous people to work even harder to succeed. Thomas Wolfe, the American novelist, had his first novel Look Homeward, Angel rejected 39 times before it was finally published. Beethoven overcame his father, who did not believe that he had any potential as a musician, to become the greatest musician in the world. And Pestalozzi, the famous Swiss educator in the 19th century, failed at every job he ever had until he came upon the idea of teaching children and developing the fundamental theories to produce a new form of education. Thomas Edison was thrown out of school in the fourth grade, because he seemed to his teacher to be quite dull. Unfortunately for most people, however, failure is the end of their struggle, not the beginning. I say to those who desperately seek fame and fortune: good luck. But alas, you may find that it was not what you wanted. The dog who catches his tail discovers that it is only a tail. The person who achieves success often discovers that it does more harm than good. So instead of trying so hard to achieve success, try to be happy with who you are and what you do. Try to do work that you can be proud of. Maybe you won't be famous in your own lifetime, but you may create better art. 1B One summer day my father sent me to buy some wire and fencing to put around our barn to pen up the bull. At 16, I liked nothing better than getting behind the wheel of our truck and driving into town