大学英语自学教程(上)-1

本课程的名称为“大学英语自学教程（上册）”，它是高等教育自学考试各专业（英语专业除外）专科阶

段的公共实践课，检测好坏的标准是会不会灵活运用这门语言。考试大纲规定，大学英语的教学目标是“使学习者能比较熟练地掌握英语基础知识和语言技能，做到具有较好的阅读能力、一定的英译汉能力和初步

的听、说、读、写及汉译英能力，为获得专业所需要的信息及进一步提高英语水平打下较扎实的基础”。

本课程包括较系统的英语语法知识、英语单词约3000个和词组约500个，阅读量为30000余词。本课程的重点是英语的基本词汇和语法，课程的主要目的是培养阅读能力。

本课程的主要考试内容是从词汇、语法、阅读和翻译着手的。从2000年开始考试题型已改为如下七种：

A. 客观题部分：1.单项选择10%；2.完型填空10%；3.阅读理解30%；

B. 主观题部分：4.单词拼写10%；

5.词形转换10%；

6.汉译英15%；

7.英译汉15%

为了帮助大家在英语学习、考试方面能达到事半功倍的效果，以及从我这几年教受英语课程的经验来看，想给大家提几点建议，：

第一，要勤读、多读。我们这里所说的“读”包括朗读和阅读，正确的发音，流利的朗读，对于熟练掌握单词、句子和课文，提高阅读速度都有根本意义；

第二，记牢单词。我知道这历来是考生们最头疼的事情，但是我认为只要大家有好的适合自己的方法，那

么对于大纲要求的这3000词汇来说应该只是a piece of cake(小事一庄)。发音要正确，背单词要有计划，读写结合，注意常用词的词类和变化规则，记单词要和学习课文结合起来，不能死记硬背，最后一环是和

遗忘作斗争的最有效手段---复习。英语中有一句谚语：Rome wasn’t built in one day!译成中文是：冰冻三尺非一日之寒。记忆单词尤应记住它；

第三点，学好语法。学语法的主要目的是为了用。对于英语教学我最擅长的就是讲解语法，一般我会将语法现象融入所学课文中，让大家感觉不是那么晦涩难懂。只有在错综复杂的语言现象中学和用，才能真正

掌握语法。

英语学习不是一句两句就说的完的，今后我会在教学中逐步让大家感受到学英语的乐趣，它不仅仅是我

们通向事业成功的一座桥梁，也将丰富大家的日常生活。但学习毕竟是件苦事，需要毅力，最后我将四个

英文字母以及一句谚语送给我们每一位自学者：IIpp----Interest, Intention, patience and persistence. Where there is a will, there is a way!(有志者事竟成！) Good luck!

下面我们开始上课。我想在第一课开始之前对大家提几点要求：1.每人都必须有课本，即高远主编的《大

学英语自学教程》（上）；2.每讲后必须要复习、做作业；3.最好能提前看看下讲的课文；4 .每5个单元有测验，请大家务必认真完成; 5有问题随时问，学习上不要害羞。

本教程共计25个单元。每单元分A，B两篇文章，一般A 位重点文章，精讲；B为培养阅读能力的文章，

略讲。

Unit one:

Text A: How to Be a Successful Language Learner?

Ⅰ.New Words:

1.successful: a 成功的；

succeed v : succeed in doing something做某事成功;

success n; successfully ad (*)

a.She wished him success_ in his new jo

b. 她希望能在她的新的工作岗位能够成功。

b.Were you successful in finding a new house? 你成功的找到了新房子吗？

c.I finished my training successfully. 我成功的完成了我整个的培训。

d.He succeeds in finding a good job. 他成功地找到了一份新工作。

2.disagree: v disagree with somebody(与某人有分歧，意见不一致),

n disagreement, a disagreeable;反义词：agree, agreement, agreeable

e.g. I always disagree with him.我总是同他之间有分歧。

3.guarantee:n / v 保证、担保、保修

e.g.1>.The watch has a two-years guarantee. (n保修)这块手表有两年的保修期。

2>.The TV set is guaranteed for one year. (v 保修) 这台电视被保修一年。

4.intelligent:a 聪明的、明智的，n intelligence 聪明、智慧（t变为ce）。

5.conversely: ad 相反地，converse a 相反的

6.similar:a 相似的、类似的，短语be similar to sth / sb in sth(*)与某人或某事在某些方面相类似

e.g.She is similar in temper(性情、脾气) to her mother.她与她的妈妈在脾气方面是相类似的。

7.independent:a 独立的、自主的，independence n 独立、自主、自立，（*） independence day

字根：depend(v):依靠、依赖，depend on / upon

dependence: n 信赖、信任、依靠；dependent: a 依靠的、需要支持的

a.When you begin to make money you can live a life of independence. 当你开始挣钱的时候，你就可以过一种独立的生活。

b.Children depend on their parents for food. 孩子们依赖于他们的父母来养活自己。

c.I don’t want to be depen dent on my parents, because I am an adult.因为我是一个成年人了，所以我不想依赖于我的父母。

8.clue:n 线索、提示，常用短语：clue to something 对于某件事情的线索或提示

9.adult: n 成年人；a 成年的、成熟的

a.She can do it herself, for she is an adult now. 她能够自己做这件事，因为她已经成年了。

b.His behavior（行为、举止）isn’t adult.他的行为一点都不成熟。

10.conclusion: n 结论、推论；v conclude. decide v 决定，decision n 决定、决心

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/b67086306.html,municate: v 交流、通讯、传播，习语：

①communicate sth to sb: 传播某事给某人；

②communicate with sb: 同某人交流

名词：communication: a communication satellite 通讯卫星；

a communication network 通讯网，telecommunication:电讯、电信，

China telecommunication中国电信

12.inexact: a 不正确的，反义词：exact 正确的，精确的

incomplete: a 不完整的，反义词：complete完整的

13.purpose: n 目的、意图，purposeful: a 有目的的，蓄意的，

purposefully: ad 有目的地、蓄意地(*)

a.He was a clever man whose every word was purposeful. 他是一个非常聪明的人，因而他所说的每一句话都是有目的的。

b.We should use the language purposefully. 我们应该有目的的去运用我们的语言。

c.She did it on purpose. 她是故意这样做的。

14.regularly: ad 经常地、定期地，

regular: a 定期的

15.technique: n 技术、技巧，

16.outline: v 概括；n 轮廓、大纲

a.You should outline the story before you write it. 在你写这个故事之前，你首先应该不这个故事的大意概括一下。

b.You can see the outline of her face in the light of the candle. 在烛光中，你能看见她的脸的轮廓。

Ⅱ.Intensive reading:

1.Most adults who are learning a second language would disagree with this statement.

大多数学习第二语言的成年人会不同意这种说法的。

①本句主语为：Most adults who are learning a second language;谓语为：would disagree with；宾语为：this statement

②主语中包含有一个语法点，定语从句。这是英语中一个非常重要的语法点.顾名思义，定语从句应该在整个句中做定语，请对比如下两句: He bought an interesting book.(定语) / He bought a book which is interesting.（定语从句）。具体介绍该语法点：

修饰名词或代词的从句称为定语从句。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词后面，它需由关系代词或关系副词引导。

通常引导定语从句的关系代词有：who, whom, (一般指人), which(一般指物)，whose, that(人、物均可).关系副词有：when(时间), where(地点), why(原因)。不管是关系代词还是副词引导定语从句时，要在定语从句中充当句子成分。上句中的who are learning a second language修饰先行词most adults, who 是关系代词，在从句中作主语。下面我们一起来看另几个例句：仔细听我的分析！

a.The man who/that will give us a talk has come. 那个将要给我们做报告的人已经来了。

b.I know a lady whose husband is a Nobel prize winner. 我认识一位女士，她的丈夫是诺贝尔奖的获得者。Whose在定语从句中只能做定语，来修饰它后面的名词。

c.She’s the girl who/whom/that I met at the party. 她就是这个我在晚会上遇到的这个女孩。

d.I live in the room whose window faces south. 我住在窗子是朝南开的一间屋子里。

e.Did you find the bike that/which you lost? 你找到了你丢的那辆车了吗？

③would此时为助动词，表示“可能，将会”。

④需掌握的短语：disagree with sb about / on sth

e.g. He disagrees with his wife about the education of their son.关于他的儿子的教育问题，他和他的妻子有分歧。

2.They need hundreds of hours of study and practice…他们需要几百个小时的时间来学习和训练……hundreds of:几百，当hundred, thousand, million用作不确定数目时，需用复数形式，并加介词of;当它们用作确定的数目时，不用复数形式。

e.g. five hundred people; hundreds of people

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/b67086306.html,nguage learning is different from other kinds of learning.

译：语言学习不同于其他种类的学习。短语：be different from:与…不同

4.Some people who are very intelligent and successful in their fields find it difficult to succeed in language learning. (*)

译：有些人很聪明，在他们自己的专业领域很有成就，但发现很难成功地学习语言。

①本句主语Some people who are very intelligent and successful in their fields，谓语find，宾语difficult to succeed in language learning，it语法上称作形式宾语:当宾语较长时，常将它移后在空出的位置上用it代替。

②包含定语从句who are very intelligent and successful in their fields，修饰先行词some people, who在定语从句中作主语。

③需掌握的习语：be intelligent and successful in one’s field; 在某些领域成功

succeed in sth / doing sth 成功的做某事

5.Conversely, some people who are very successful language learners find it difficult to succeed in other fields.(相反地…) 相反的，有一些人在语言学习方面非常成功的，发现想在别的领域成功也是非常难的。

这句话意思和结构与上句相似，口头分析。

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/b67086306.html,nguage learning research shows that successful language learners are similar in many ways. (*)

译：语言学习研究显示成功的语言学习者在许多方面都是相似的。

①本句主语Language learning research；谓语：shows；宾语：that引导一个宾语从句。在宾语从句中successful language learners是主语；are是系动词；similar in many ways是表语

②重要短语be similar (to sb/sth) in sth在…方面与某人/某事相似

7.Instead of waiting for the teachers to explain, they try to find the patterns and the rules for themselves. (*)

译：不是等这老师解释，而是自己努力去发现各种句型和规则。

①Instead of waiting for the t eachers to explain,介词短语作状语，主语：they；谓语：try to find；宾语：the patterns and the rules for themselves

②介词of后的动词要用动名词waiting

③短语：instead of sth; wait for sb to do sth; try to do sth;

8.They find people who speak the language and they ask these people to correct them when they make a mistake. (*)

译：他们寻找说这种语言的人，当他们说错时就请这些人帮助指正。

①这是一个由and连接的并列句，其中有一个定语从句who speak the language，修饰先行词people;有

一个时间状语从句when they make a mistake

②correct: v 指正、纠正，短语：make a mistake 犯错误

9.They are not afraid to repeat what they hear or to say strange things.

译：他们不害怕重复他们听到的或说一些奇怪的东西。

①what they hear是repeat的宾语从句

②afraid的用法：be afraid of sth; be afraid to do sth; be afraid that 从句

a.She is afraid to go out alone at night. 晚上她害怕独自一个人出去。

b.I am afraid of snake. 我害怕蛇。

c.He’s afraid that he’ll be late for class. 他害怕他上课要迟到了。

10.When communication is difficult, they can accept information that is inexact or incomplete.译：当交流困难时，他们会接受不准确或不完整的信息。

本句中包含一个时间状语从句When communication is difficult，一个定语从句that is inexact or incomplete，修饰先行词information，在从句中that作主语。

11.It’s more important for them to learn to think in the language than to know the meaning of every word. (*)

译：对他们来说，学会用所学的语言来思考比学会每个单词的意思更重要。

①it作形式主语，真正主语是动词不定式to learn to think in the language.原句语序应是：For them to learn to think in the language is more important than to know the meaning of every word. 用形式主语的目的是因为不定式作主语太长，为避免句子头重脚轻，用it代替真正的主语。

e.g. For many people to learn English well is very difficult. 对很多人来说，想把英语学好的确是不容易。

=It’s very difficult for many people to learn English well

②短语：learn to do sth学会做…; more important than …更重要

12.It’s necessary for them to learn the language in order to communicate with these people and to learn from them.

= For them to learn the language in order to communicate with these people and to learn from them are necessary

译：对他们来说，学会这种语言以便同这些人交流并向他们学习是非常必要的

①这句话较复杂，it作形式主语，动词不定式是真正的主语，in order to communicate with these people and to learn from them我们称作目的状语

②短语：in order to do sth;目的是为了… communicate with sb;同某人进行交流 learn from sb:向…学习

13.They find it easy to practice using the language regularly because they want to learn with it.

译：因为他们想学会这种语言，所以他们发现不断地练习实际应用这种语言是容易的。

①it作形式宾语，真正的宾语to practice using the language regularly，原因状语从句because they want to learn with it.

②practice是动词,英式英语拼写形式是practise,美式英语动词和名词拼写都是practice.作动词时，后面只能用动名词，如：practice speaking the language every day. (4段2行)

14.If you are a successful language learner, you have probably been learning independently, actively, and purposefully. (*)

译：如果你是一名成功的语言学习者，你大概一直在独立地、主动地、目的明确地学习。

①if引导条件状语从句，主句中的have been learning是动词的现在完成进行时，表示动作从以前开始一直不间断地进行到现在。

②三个副词：independently, actively, and purposefully 要会拼写。

15.on the other hand, if your language learning has been less than successful, you might do well to try some of the techniques outlined above.

译：另一方面来说，如果你的语言学习一直不太成功，你不妨试试上面提到的一些学习技巧。

①If your language learning has been less than successful是条件状语从句。

②短语：on the other hand: 另一方面来说; less than successful: 不太成功; might do well to do sth:表示一种委婉语气，不妨…，最好….

e.g. You might do well to take the doctor’s a dvice.你最好接受大夫的建议。

That’s all for this lecture, and let’s continue to learn this unit next time. Don’t forget to review what we have learnt. ok, see you then!

大学英语自学教程下.doc

大学英语自学教程下 大学英语自学教程是由北大、清华、人大等名校百名命题专家，严格按照最新自考大纲及最新教材精心编写而成的。下面是给大家整理的大学英语自学教程下，供大家参阅! 大学英语自学教程内容简介 1. 本系列试卷由北大、清华、人大等名校百名命题专家，严格按照最新自考大纲及最新教材精心编写而成，并辅以部分阅卷教师的指点和参与，从而有着极强的标准性、权威性、预测性; 2. 本系列试卷注重考前模拟循序渐进、阶次提高，从而逐步进入最佳临战状态;本套试卷共十份，建议每周做一份，切忌一曝十寒; 3. 最好按正式考试时间(上午或下午，150分钟)不间断地独自完成所有试题，尽量不要超过时间，不要急于看答案，以达到真正的模拟考核; 4. 做完一套试题后，请对照试卷后的答案及评分标准给自己评定一个分数，最后认真研究试题解析，弄懂每一道题的解题思路，不要背题目、背答案，题目做错了，要深究做错的原因，同样的错误只允许犯一次，最好找到教材或同步辅导的相关章节进行有针对地复习，以达到举一反三、融会贯通效果; 5. 本系列试卷为完全标准预测，分值权重、题型题量、题的难易度、时间安排等均与最新真题一致，所以考生在进行自测时，最好有意识地调整做题心态，以逐步养成良好的考场状态; 6. 考生应及时总结每套试卷在模拟考核中的得与失，力争做一套就有收获，每做一套就有提高，日积月累，就会有质的突破; 7. 本系列试卷后附有最新真题及答案，考生可在做完预测试卷后，试着做真题，逐步掌握考试命题规律，以便在考场上能做到驾轻就熟，成竹在胸。 大学英语自学教程下册 A decision is a choice made from among alternative courses of action that are available. The purpose of making a decision is to establish and achieve organizational goals and objectives. The reason for making a decision is that a problem exists, goals or objectives are wrong, or something is standing in the way of accomplishing them. Thus the decision-making process is fundamental to management. Almost everything a manager does involves decisions, indeed, some suggest that the management process is decision making. Although managers cannot predict the future, many of their decisions require that they consider possible

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