教师版 阅读理解“5+1”精读突破法

阅读理解“5+1”精读突破法——36篇文章练就阅读理解超强基本功考试成绩=基础知识X解题能力

词：认识单词+处理生词句：“画括号”读懂句子段：抓主题

篇：串思路

题：How? (“哪儿错X哪

儿原则” )

+

被解释的句子往往是段落的主题句！代词开头的句子往往对上文作解释！【听课建议】

Step1：自己做一遍题

Step2：听老师讲解这篇文章

Step3：自己逐句翻译这篇文章（写下来）

Step4：看看自己哪儿翻译错就重点学哪儿

Step5：背过这篇文章中学到的单词，反复朗读文章以复习单词！Step6：战术纪律性训练——逐句抄文章，抄错一次，重抄一遍！

（利用短期记忆，培养超强语感，训练认真程度）

记叙类Passage1

law法律

piano钢琴

musical pieces音乐作品musician音乐家

音乐/文学作品+by sb. = 某人创作的音乐/文学作品

such as = including包括

in parts一部分一部分地think about 考虑

note音符

surprise使…惊讶surprising令人惊讶的

surprised感到惊讶的amaze使…惊喜amazing令人惊喜的

amazed感到惊喜的shock使…震惊shocking令人震惊的

shocked感到震惊的astonish使…震惊astonishing令人震惊的astonished感到震惊的

tire使…劳累tiring令人劳累的

tired感到劳累的

interest使…有兴趣

interesting有趣的

interested感兴趣的

perfect完美

un believ able难以置信的

in cred ible不可思议的

rare 稀有的

even甚至

realize意识到

(what he can do)他能做的

那个事儿

(why everyone is so

surprised) 每个人都如此

惊讶的那个原因

(what he wants to do) (in

the future)他未来想做的

那个事儿

special特别

lawyer律师

instead作为替换

grow up成长，长大

with伴随，用，有

without没有

guitar吉他

suddenly突然地

decide to do sth决定做某

事

bear sth in mind= learn sth

by heart=remember记得

each and every每个（语

气强）

perform表演

perform a piece表演一段

作品

perform a spell施一个咒

语

event事件，大事儿

audience观众

impress使…留下印象

impressive令人印象深刻

的

impressed被留下深刻印

象的

“His performance was

impressive, so I was

impressed.”

so…that…如此…以至于

professional 专业的，职

业的

profession职业

professor教授

pianist钢琴家

confidently自信地

super超级

superman超人

super market超市

memory记忆，记忆力

gift天赋

retell复述

word for word逐词

continue继续

plan 计划 want to do sth

= plan to do sth

advice 建议

accurate精确的

accurately精确地

quality 品质，质量

talent 天才

relationship 关系

Samuel Osmond is a 19-year-old law student (from Cornwall, England).He never studied the piano. However, he can play very difficult musical pieces (by musicians) (such as Chopin and Beethoven) (just a few minutes) (after he hears them). He learns a piece (of music) (by listen ing) (to it) (in parts). Then he think s (about the notes) (in his head). (Two years ago), he played his first piece Moonlight Sonata(奏鸣曲)(by Beethoven). He surprise d everyone (around him). SO有音乐天赋(Amazed) (that he remembered this long and difficult piece of music and played it perfectly), his teachers say (Samuel is unbelievable). They say (his ability is very rare), but Samuel doesn't even realize that (what he can do is special). Samuel wanted (to become a lawyer) (as it was the wish) (of his parents), but music teachers told him (he should study music instead). Now, he studies law and music.老师认为SO牛

Samuel can't understand (why everyone is so surprised).“I grew up (with music). My mother played the piano and my father played the guitar. (About two years ago), I suddenly decided (to start playing the piano), (without being able) (to read music) and (without having any lessons). It comes easily (to me)—I hear the notes and can bear them in mind—each and every note，” says Samuel. S如何发现自己的能力

Recently, Samuel performed a piece (during a special event) (at his college). The piece had more (than a thousand notes). The audience was impressed (by his amazing performance).|| He is now learning a piece (that is so difficult) (that many professional pianists can't play it). || Samuel says confidently，“It's all (about super memory)—I guess (I have that gift).”S 有超级记忆

However, Samuel's ability (to remember things) doesn't stop (with music). His family says (that even) （when he was a young boy）, Samuel heard someone read a story, and then he could retell the story word for word. S从小记忆好Samuel is still only a teenager. He doesn't know (what he wants to do) (in the future). (For now), he is just happy (to play beautiful music and continue his studies). S未来未知

26. What is special (about Samuel Osmond)?

A. He has a gift (for writing music).

B. He can write down the note (he hears).

C. He is a top student (at the law school).

D. He can play the musical piece (he hears).

27. What can we learn (from Paragraph 2)?

A. Samuel chose law (against the wish) (of his parents).

B. Samuel planned (to be a lawyer) (rather than a musician).

C. Samuel thinks (of himself) (as a man) (of great musical ability).

D. Samuel studies law and music (on the advice) (of his teachers).

28. Everyone (around Samuel) was surprised (because he ________)．

A. received a good early education (in music)

B. played the guitar and the piano perfectly

C. could play the piano (without reading music)

D. could play the guitar better (than his father)

29. What can we infer about Samuel (in Paragraph 4)?

A. He became famous (during a special event) (at his college).

B. He is proud (of his ability) (to remember things accurately).

C. He plays the piano better (than many professional pianists).

D. He impressed the audience (by playing all the musical pieces). 如何选标题？

1、符合主题

2、引起兴趣

30. Which of the following is the best title (of the passage)?

A. The qualities (of a musician)

B. The story (of a musical talent)

C. The importance (of early education)

D. The relationship (between memory and music)

Passage 2

be born出生

bear结果实，忍受，熊

beer啤酒

slave奴隶

at the age of XXX 在XXX岁的时候

acquire获取，买

along with伴随

healthy健康的

wealthy富有的

health健康wealth财富

hold握住，举办slaveholder奴隶主nearly大约=almost serve服务v.

service服务n.

servant 仆人

strike撞击，罢工

hit击打

beat打，节奏

kick踢spade铁铲子

protect保护

blow打，吹take the

blow承担了这个的击打

instead作为替换

furious=愤怒=very angry

refuse to do sth拒绝做某

事

let/make/have + sb + do

sth让某人做某事

consult咨询

lawyer律师

freedom自由

have listened已经听说

had listened之前听说

discussion讨论

constitution宪法

free自由的

equal平等的

A apply to

B = A 适用于/

应用于 B

A apply for

B = A申请B

（A为B而申请）

eventually=finally最终

strange奇怪，陌生

trial审判，试验

pay付钱paid被

付钱的

employ雇佣v.

employment雇佣n.

employer雇主

employee雇员

decline拒绝

legacy遗产

on继续My

heart will go on

great-grandchildren曾孙

子

found建立（原形）

founder建立者n.

writer作家

author作者

spokesperson发言人

civil rights公民权利

tomb坟墓，坟头

tombstone墓碑

cemetery墓地

bury埋葬

remain=stay保持

neither…nor…既不…也

不…

yet然而，还

sphere范围，球体

superior更好的，优先的

obey服从

owner主人

as(一样) …as(像)… =

像…一样…

She should be (as free and

equal) (as whites).

他应该一样的自由和平

等像白人。

brave勇敢的

Elizabeth Freeman was born (about 1742) (to African American parents) (who were slaves). (At the age of six months) she was acquired, (along with her sister), (by John Ashley), a wealthy Massachusetts slaveholders. She became known (as “Mumbet” or “Mum Bett”). 小奴隶EF

(For nearly 30 years) Mumbet served the Ashley family. (One day), Ashley's wife tried (to strike Mumbet's sister) (with a spade). Mumbet protected her sister and took the blow instead. Furious, she left the house and refused (to come back). (When the Ashleys tried) (to make her return), Mumbet consulted a lawyer, Theodore Sedgewick. (With his help), Mumbet sued(起诉) (for her freedom). M离开奴隶主家

(While serving the Ashleys), Mumbet had listened (to many discussions) (of the new Massachusetts constitution). (If the constitution said) (that all people were free and equal), then she thought (it should apply) (to her). Eventually, Mumbet won her freedom—the first slave (in Massachusetts) (to do so) (under the new constitution). M获得了自由(Strangely enough), (after the trial), the Ashleys asked Mumbet (to come back and work) (for them) (as a paid employee). She declined and instead went (to work) (for Sedgewick). Mumbet died (in 1829), but her legacy lived on (in her many descendants)(后裔). One of her great-grandchildren was W．E.B.Du Bois, one of the founders (of the NAACP), and an important writer and spokesperson (for African American civil rights). 审判之后，为自由服务，精神永存

Mumbet's tombstone still stands (in the Massachusetts cemetery) (where she was buried). It reads, (in part): “She was born a slave and remained a slave (for nearly thirty years). She could neither read nor write, yet (in her own sphere) she had no superior or equal.” 盖棺定论：贡献很大

【串思路】

小奴隶EF因为保护姐姐而挨打，愤而离开奴隶主家，在法律的帮助下获得自由。审判之后，为自由服务，精神永存，贡献很大。

51．What do we know about Mumbet (according to Paragraph 1)?

A．She was born a slave. B．She was a slaveholder.

C．She had a famous sister. D．She was born into a rich family.

52．Why did Mumbet run away (from the Ashleys)?

A．She found an employer. B．She wanted to be a lawyer.

C．She was hit and got angry. D．She had to take care of her sister.

53．What did Mumbet learn (from discussions) (about the new constitution)?

A．She should always obey her owners' orders. B．She should be as free and equal as whites.

C．How to be a good servant. D．How to apply for a job.

54．What did Mumbet do (after the trial)?

A．She chose to work for a lawyer. B．She founded the NAACP.

C．She continued to serve the Ashleys. D ．She went to live (with her grandchildren).

55．What is the text mainly about?

A．A story (of a famous writer and spokesperson). B．The friendship (between a lawyer and a slave).

C．The life (of a brave African American woman). D．A trial (that shocked the whole world).

请进行战术纪律性训练！！！

Passage 3

Alaska 阿拉斯加adventure 冒险

just正好，仅仅

in time及时

on time按时

midnight午夜

sunlight=sunshine阳光fantastic极好的

terrific极好的

superb极好的

fabulous极好的awesome极好的excellent极好的，优秀的outstanding极好的，接触的

vegetable garden蔬菜园tend to倾向于做某事throw扔

throw XXX off =把…丢开

care about关心

bedtime上床时间railway铁路

express快线，快速，表达

expression表达方式nutrition营养Nutri-express营养快线

agent代理商

agency代理处，办事处

clerk职员（employee雇

员）

leave丢下，离开

in a mess处于混乱之中

manage to do sth成功做

到某事

get into trouble进入麻烦

once有一次，曾经，一

旦“词本无义，义由境

生”

dirt尘土

dirty脏的

basement地下室

hotel酒店

hostel招待所

light点燃，灯，光

paint颜料n. 画v.

painter粉刷匠，画家

smoke烟

pretty=fairly相当地

exit出口

crowd人群

greet问候

match火柴，比赛，匹配

occupy占据

tour旅行

prison监狱

rescue拯救=save拯救，

保存

before然后

turne 5 = 变成5岁

enter进入

kindergarten幼儿园

serious严重的，严肃的

set设置，安置

surprise使…惊讶

tougue舌头

metal金属的

handrail扶手，把手

as for …至于…

know sb well非常了解某

人

A take

B for a ride = A带

B兜风

realize 意识到

superstar超级明星

heavily重重的

shelter避难所

from远离I am from

Shandong.我来自山东。

freeze冷冻

freezing冻人的

invite邀请

invitation邀请信

two hours earlier两小时

之前

I called you earlier.我之前

给你打过电话。

eight years later八年之后

I will call you later. 我一

会儿给你打电话。

attend参加，照顾

gather聚集

gathering聚会

former之前的adj

later之后的adj/adv

neighbor邻居

pay a visit to + 人/地点

拜访某人/地

infer推断

cruel残酷

arrest逮捕

suffer遭受痛苦

describe 描述

extreme 极端的

pride骄傲

(In 1943), (when I was 4), my parents moved (from Coeur d'Alene, Idaho), (to Fairbanks, Alaska), (where adventure was never very far away). 搬家，冒险

We arrived (in the summer), just (in time) (to enjoy the midnight sun). All that sunlight was fantastic (for Mum's vegetable garden). Working (in the garden) (at midnight) tended (to throw her timing off), so she didn't care much (about my bedtime). 妈妈忙菜园，不管我

Dad was a Railway Express agent and Mum was his clerk. That left me (in a mess). I usually managed (to find some trouble) (to get into). Once I had a little fire going (in the dirty basement) (of a hotel). I had tried (to light a barrel)(桶) (of paint) but couldn't really get a good fire going. The smoke got pretty bad, though, and (when I made my exit), a crowd and the police were there (to greet me). The policemen took my matches and drove me home. 点火

Mum and Dad were occupied (in the garden) and Dad told the police (to keep me), and they did! I had a tour (of the prison) (before Mum rescued me). I hadn't turned 5 yet. 监狱之旅

(As I entered kindergarten), the serious cold began to set in. Would it surprise you (to know) (that I soon left part) (of my tongue) (on a metal handrail) (at school)? 掉舌头

(As for Leonhard Seppala), famous (as a dog sledder)(驾雪橇者), I think (I knew him well) (because I was taken) (for a ride) (with his white dog team) (one Sunday). (At the time) I didn't realize (what a superstar he was), but I do remember the ride well. I was wrapped(包裹) heavily and well sheltered (from the freezing and blowing weather). 雪橇之旅(In 1950), we moved back (to Coeur d'Alene), but we got one more Alaskan adventure (when Leonhard invited us) (eight years later) (by paying a visit to Idaho) (to attend a gathering) (of former neighbours) (of Alaska). 重返Alaska

【串思路】

作者小时候搬家到Alaska，开始很多冒险。爸妈忙，不管我。我点火，监狱之旅，掉舌头，雪橇之旅。后来又重返Alaska。

35. What can be inferred about the author's family?

A. His father was a cruel man.

B. His parents didn't love him.

C. His parents used to be very busy.

D. His mother didn't have any jobs.

36. What happened (when the author was 4)?

A. He learned to smoke.

B. He was locked (in a basement).

C. He was arrested by the police.

D. He nearly caused a fire accident.

37. Which of the following is TRUE?

A. Leonhard was good (at driving dog sleds).

B. The author spent his whole childhood (in Alaska).

C. Leonhard often visited the author's family after 1950.

D. The author suffered a lot while taking the dog sled in Alaska.

38. What is the author's purpose (of writing the text)?

A. To look back (on his childhood) (with adventures).

B. To describe the extreme weather of Alaska.

C. To express (how much he misses Leonhard).

D. To show off his pride (in making trouble).

请进行战术纪律性训练！！！

Passage 4The brown bear

brown棕色

bear熊，结果实/出生，忍受beach海滩shore海岸

A take pictures of

B = A为B照相when正在这时，突然…

spot发现，点aimlessly漫无目的地

shout喊

yell喊叫aggressive进攻性的

rush冲=dash 冲，破折号forward向前backward向后

leftward向左

rightward向右

inward向内

outward向外

upward朝上

frighten吓唬，

使…害怕

frightening吓人

的

frightened害怕

的

enemy敌人

silent安静的

=quiet安静的

kill杀

killer杀手

behave行动，表

现

behavior表现

abnormal不正常

的

normal正常的

probably有可能

（猜想原因）

likely有可能

（推测未来）

form形成，表格

formation形成n.

fill in the form =

填表= fill out

the form

barrier障碍

level水平，等级

chest胸腔

shoulder肩膀

stick-stuck-stuck

粘住，卡住

bite-bit-bitten咬

support支持，

支撑

weight重量

fight战斗

stand little

chance占据很小

的机会

camera照相机

cut sth off把…

切下来

raise举起

rise上升

beast野兽

tightly紧

press压

sense感觉到

sensor传感器

bone骨头

break-broke-

broken碎，坏

draw收回，画画

strike撞击

time次数

grasp抓住

fur皮毛

actually实际

上，事实上

forest森林

attack攻击

panic恐慌

apparently明显

地

satisfy使…满意

satisfying令人满

意的

satisfied感到满

意的

cause引起

further进一步的

threat威胁

destroy破坏

injure伤害

outcome=result

结果

hardly几乎没

有，几乎不

remain保持

clear-headed头

脑清醒

lead to = end up

with =导致

My wife Laura and I were (on the beach), (with three of our children), (taking pictures) (of shore birds) (near our home) (in Alaska) (when we spotted a bear). The bear was thin and small, (moving aimlessly). 海滩照相，看到熊(Just a few minutes later), I heard my daughter shouting, “Dad! The bear is right behind us！”An aggressive bear will usually rush forwards (to frighten away its enemy) but would suddenly stop (at the last minute). This one was silent and its ears pinned back—the sign(迹象) (of an animal) (that is going in) (for the kill). And it was a cold April day. The bear behaved abnormally, probably because of hunger. 熊要杀戮

I held my camera tripod(三脚架) (in both hands) (to form a barrier) (as the bear rushed) (into me). Its huge head was level (with my chest and shoulders), and the tripod stuck (across its mouth). It bit down and I found myself supporting its weight. I knew (I would not be able) (to hold it) (for long). 跟熊搏斗

(Even so), this was a fight (I had to win): I was all (that stood) (between the bear and my family), (who would stand little chance) (of running faster) (than a brown bear). 必须坚持

The bear hit (at the camera), cutting it (off the tripod). I raised my left arm (to protect my face); the beast held tightly (on the tripod) and pressed it (into my side). My arm could not move, and I sensed (that my bones were going to break). 激烈战斗

(Drawing back my free hand, I struck the bear (as hard) (as I could) (for five or six times). The bear opened its mouth and I grasped its fur, (trying to push it away). I was actually wrestling(扭打) (with the bear) (at this point).Then, (as suddenly) (as it had begun), the fight ended. The bear moved back (towards the forest), before returning (for another attack)—the first time (I felt panic). 跟熊扭打

(Apparently satisfied) (that we caused no further threat), the bear moved off, (destroying a fence) (as it went). My arm was injured, but the outcome (for us) could hardly have been better.I'm proud (that my family remained clear-headed) (when panic could have led) (to a very different outcome).熊离开，我们安全，我骄傲

【串思路】

海滩照相，看到熊。发现熊要杀戮，于是我跟熊搏斗，我必须坚持，于是激烈战斗，甚至跟熊扭打。最终熊离开，我们安全，我骄傲。

60. The brown bear || approached the family || in order to|| _____．

A. catch shore birds

B. start an attack

C. protect the children

D. set up a barrier for itself

61. The bear finally went away (after it ________)．

A. felt safe

B. got injured

C. found some food

D. took away the camera

62. The writer and his family survived mainly due to their ________.

A. pride

B. patience

C. calmness

D. cautiousness

Passage 5

local当地的supermarket超市superman超人superstar超级明星

earlier之前later之后entrance入口exit出口concrete混凝土，确定的creat创造creature受造之物，生物creator造物主blood血

bleed流血embarrass使…尴尬embarrassing 令

人尴尬的

embarrassed感到

尴尬的

in shock 处于震

惊之中

in danger处于危

险之中

in anger处于愤

怒之中

towards朝着

scene场景

upset悲观，失

望，沮丧

couple夫妇

supermarket 超市

superman超人

superstar超级明

星

charity慈善

group组织

set up建立

stand摊位

sausage火腿

raise 举起，筹集

fund基金，资金

A buy

B

C = A

给B买了C

(主谓

宾宾)

A make

B

C = A

把B变成C

（主谓宾

补）

Sb come up with

an diea. 某人想

到一个主意

An idea occour

to sb. 某人想到

一个主意

sweet 甜的

sweat 汗

sweater运动

衫，汗衫

【动宾构词法】

sell + flower→

I enjoy flower-

selling. 事儿

I am a flower-

seller. 人儿

I have a flower-

selling shop. 形

容词

seek + honey →

honey seeker寻

找蜂蜜的人

cheer sb up给某

人鼓励

reply回复，回

应\

gesture手势，举

动

attend参加，照

顾 A

attend to B= A照

顾B

injure伤害

injuring 伤人的

injured受伤的

timid 胆怯的

intimidate使…

胆怯

intimidating令人

胆怯的

intimidated感到

害怕的

medical医疗的

medicine药

equipment设备

scare使…恐惧

scaring令人害怕

的

scared感到害怕

的

too… to…太…

而不能…

instead作为替换

bend-bent-bent

弯腰

shake震荡

It was Mother's Day morning (last year) and I was doing shopping (at our local supermarket) (with my five-year-old son), Tenyson. (As we were leaving), we found (that only minutes earlier) an elderly woman had fallen over (at the entrance) and had hit her head (on the concrete). Her husband was (with her), but there was blood everywhere and the woman was embarrassed and clearly (in shock). 老妇人摔倒

(Walking) (towards the scene), Tenyson became very upset (about what had happened) (to the couple). He said to me, “Mum, it's not much fun (falling over) (in front of everyone).” 儿子沮丧

(At the front) (of the supermarket), a charity(慈善) group had set up a stand (selling cooked sausages and flowers) (to raise funds). Tenyson suggested (that we should buy the lady a flower). “It will make her feel better，” he said. I was amazed (that he'd come up with this sweet idea). So we went over (to the flower seller) and asked her (if we could buy a flower) (for the lady) (to cheer her up). “Just take it，” she replied. “I can't ta ke your money (for such a wonderful gesture).” 给老妇人买花

(By now) paramedics(急救人员) had arrived, and were attending (to the injured woman). (As we walked up) (to her), my son became intimidated (by all the blood and medical equipment). He said he was just too scared to go up (to her). 送花，不敢

Instead I gave the flower (to the woman's husband) and told him, “My son was very upset (for your wife) and wanted (to give her this flower) (to make her feel better).” 我来送花

(At that moment), the old man started crying and said, “Thank you so much, you have a wonderful son. Happy Mother's Day (to you).”老头感谢

The man then bent down and gave his wife the flower, (telling her) (who it was from). (Though badly hurt and shaken), the old lady looked up (at Tenyson) (with love) (in her eyes) and gave him a little smile. 老妇人感谢

56．What does the author intend to tell us?

A．One can never be too careful.一个人再认真也不为过。 B．Actions speak louder than words. 行胜于言C．Love begins (with a little smile). D．A small act (of kindness) brings a great joy. 57．Which of the following is TRUE (according to the passage)?

A．The elderly woman was knocked down (by Tenyson).

B．Tenyson's idea (of buying a flower) gained his mother's support.

C．Tenyson's care （for the elderly woman） puzzled the flower seller.

D．The elderly woman was moved (to tears) (by Tenyson's gesture).

58．The underlined word “intimidated” in the fourth paragraph probably means “________”．

A．astonished B．struck C．frightened D．excited

59．What would be the best title (for the passage)?

A．Flower power B．Mother's Day C．An accidental injury D．An embarrassing moment

方法：假设法——假设答案就是某选项，反思原文还能否这样写。

Passage 6

Walt Disney沃特·迪斯尼credit信用，信automatically

全自动地

auto自动，汽车

associate联系cartoon卡通original=initial 最初的

vary变化various各种各

样的=a variety

of

variety种类

from远离

version版本

mourn悲恸

tomb坟墓

tombstone墓碑

in addition

= additionally

=besides

=moreover

=furthermore

=what’s more=

此外

fairy 精灵的，

神话的

fairy tale神话

故事

mouse→mice

老鼠

carriage马车

stepsister继姐

姐

cruel残酷

throw→threw→

thrown扔

ash灰烬

ball球，舞会

prince王子

break away逃

跑

rush冲

dash冲，破折

号

place放置

stick→stuck→s

tuck 粘住，卡

住

sticky粘的

sticky ball汤

圆，元宵

escape逃跑

please 使…满

意

pleasant=pleasi

ng令人满意的

pleased感到满

意的

pleasure快乐

unpleasant令人

不悦的

fit适合，健康

toe脚趾

bride新娘

peep看

realize意识到

trick把戏

heal脚跟

wedding婚礼

A devote

B to C

= A把B奉献

给C

moral道德，道

理

indeed确实

Walt Disney is credited (for creating such wonderful things) (as Donald Duck and Mickey Mouse). However, he cannot take the credit (for creating other well-loved character s), (such as Cinderella and Snow White). They are almost automatically associated (with Disney) (because Disney turned old fables)(寓言) (into cartoon movies). 灰姑娘和白雪公主不是D创造的

The original Cinderella varies very much (from the Disney version) (we know today).It started off (with the girl) (mourning) her mother's death and going (to her tomb) (three times a day). (In addition), there were only birds (that helped Cinderella); there was no such thing (as a fairy godmother or helpful mice), nor was there mention(of a horse and carriage).原始故事和迪斯尼版本不同

The stepsisters were cruel: they always threw Cinderella's food (into the ashes) (of the fire) and made her sleep (on the ashes) (on the floor), hence(因此) her name. 灰姑娘得名

(In the original story), the king's ball actually lasted (for three days). (With the help) (of the birds), the girl, beautifully dressed, danced (with the prince) (on all three nights) and the prince fell (in love) (with her). However, she broke away (from him) (to rush back home) (each night). (On the last night), the prince placed something sticky (on the stairs); (as Cinderella made her escape), a shoe got stuck (on it). 舞会，留鞋

Here now is (where the story becomes unpleasant): (when the prince went) (to the house) (looking for the girl) (whose foot fitted the shoe), the wicked(邪恶的) stepmother told one (of her two daughters) (to cut off her big toe) (to fit) (into the shoe). The daughter did (as told). So the prince took her away (to be his bride). But, (when they passed the tomb) (of Cinderella's mother), the birds called out (to the prince)，

“Turn and peep, there's blood (within the shoe)；

The shoe is too small, the true bride waits (for you).”

(Realizing he had been tricked), the prince returned the daughter (to her mother); the other then had to cut off part (of her heel) (in order to fit) (into the shoe), (with the same result). Only Cinderella's foot fitted perfectly and so the prince chose (to marry her). The story ends (with the wedding day): (as Cinderella's two stepsisters followed her), (pretending) (to

be devoted) (to her) (so that they could enjoy the king's riches), two birds flew by and plucked(啄) out their eyes. (Because of their wickedness and falsehood), they had to spend the rest (of their days) blind.找到灰姑娘并结婚The original Cinderella is so different (from the Disney version). Thank goodness Disney made such changes; it indeed was a wise move. 迪斯尼版本更好

60．What does the underlined word “They” (in the first paragraph) refer to?

A．Such wonderful things. B．Other well-loved characters. C．Old fables. D．Cartoon movies. 61．How did Cinderella get her name?

A．The birds came up with it. B．It was given by Disney.

C．It came from the word “ash”． D．She got it from her mother.

62．Which of the following is TRUE according (to the original story)?

A．Helpful mice got Cinderella a beautiful dress. B．The ball was held to celebrate the prince's wedding. C．Cinderella left her shoe on the stairs on purpose. D．The birds told the prince that he had been cheated. 63．The moral (of the original story) is that ________．

A．a wicked person cannot escape punishment B．a devoted person certainly deserves respect

C．a well-behaved child earns a great reward D．a dishonest child cannot get mother love

64．What does the author think of the Disney version?

A．Excellent. B．Ordinary. C. Dull. D．Ridiculous.

Passage 7

it天气，日期，陌生人，

小孩子

A pay (for B)=A付钱为了B=I will pay (for my dinner).

with伴随着

one after another一个接着另一个=one by one inform通知

fare费用

She said (with a smile), (handing over seven tickets).

现在分词作伴随状语【强调和谓语同步发生】

The next six drivers (arriving) (at the tollbooth) were informed

现在分词作后置定语【修饰一个名词】It turned out (that…)结果

是…

refrigerator冰箱

random随机的

kindness善行，善意

senseless没有感觉的

phrase短语，说法

impress给人留下深刻印

象

imprssive给人留下深刻

印象的

impressed被留下深刻印

象的

Your artwork is so

impressive that I am

deeply impressed.

I will make my artwork

impressive, so that you

will be impressed.

so…that…如此…以至

于…

so that以便、为了

spot发现，点

give up放弃

explain解释v.

explanation解释n.

bottom底部，底下

message信息，消息

from above=来自上头，

来自上帝

put up张贴

report报告，报道

reporter记者=journalist记

者

强调句型：

It is/was + 被强调部分+

that/who +句子剩余部分

正是…… （大喘

气）…..

Tom likes cakes. It is

cakes that Tom likes.

fantasy范特西，幻想，

美好的事

fantastic棒极了的

paint绘画，粉刷（喷

它）

shabby破旧的，简陋的

kitchen厨房

secret秘密

violence暴力

spread扩散

inspire启发，鼓舞

single单独的

It was a cold winter day. A woman drove up (to the Rainbow Bridge tollbooth)(收费站). “I'm paying (for myself), and (for the six cars) (behind me)，” she said (with a smile), (handing over seven tickets). (One after another), the next six drivers (arriving) (at the tollbooth) were informed, “Some lady (up ahead) already paid your fare.” 女司机为后六辆车也付钱

It turned out (that the woman, Natalie Smith, had read something) (on a friend's refrigerator): “Practise random kindness and senseless acts (of beauty).” The phrase impressed her so much (that s he copied it down). 付钱的原因：看到短语

Judy Foreman spotted the same phrase (on a warehouse wall) far away from home. (When it stayed) (on her mind) (for days), she gave up and drove all the way back (to copy it down). “I thought (it was beautiful)，” she said, (ex plaining) (why she'd taken) (to writing it) (at the bottom) (of all her letters), “like a message (from above).” Her husband, Frank, liked the phrase so much (that he put it up) (on the classroom wall) (for his students), one (of whom) was the daughter (of Alice Johnson), a local news reporter. Alice put it (in the newspaper), (admitting) (that) (though she liked it), she didn't know (where it came from) or (what it really meant). 这句话扩散

(Two days later), Alice got a call (from Anne Herbert), a woman (living) (in Marin). It was (in a restaurant) (that Anne wrote the phrase down) (on a piece of paper), (after turning it around) (in her mind) (for days). 最初来自Anne “Here's the idea，” Anne says. “Anything (you think there should be more of), do it randomly.” Her fantasies include painting the classrooms (of shabby schools), (leaving hot meals) (on kitchen tables) (in the poor part) (of town), and (giving

money secretly) (to a proud old lady). Anne says, “Kindness can build on itself as much (as violence can).” 这句话的真正意义：善行积累

The acts (of random kindness) spread. (If you were one) (of those drivers) (who found your fare paid), who knows (what you might have been inspired to do) (for someone else later). Like all great events, kindness begins slowly, (with every single act). Let it be yours! 善行传递

31. Why did Natalie Smith pay for the six cars behind her?

A. She knew the car drivers well.

B. She wanted to show kindness.

C. She hoped to please others.

D. She had seven tickets.

32. Judy Foreman copied down the phrase (because she ________).

A. thought it was beautifully written

B. wanted to know what it really meant

C. decided to write it on a warehouse wall

D. wanted her husband to put it up in the classroom

33. Who came up with the phrase (according to the passage)?

A. Judy Foreman.

B. Natalie Smith.

C. Alice Johnson.

D. Anne Herbert.

34. Which of the following statements is closest (in meaning) (to the underlined sentence above)?

A. Kindness and violence can change the world.

B. Kindness and violence can affect one's behaviour.

C. Kindness and violence can reproduce themselves.

D. Kindness and violence can shape one's character.

35. What can we infer from the last paragraph?

A. People should practise random kindness (to those) (in need).

B. People (who receive kindness) are likely (to offer it to others).

C. People should practise random kindness (to strangers) (they meet).

D. People (who receive kindness) are likely (to pay it back) (to the giver).

Passage 8

graduate毕业v.毕业生n. degree学位

bachelor 学士

master硕士

doctor博士

honour荣誉

literature文学

prepare准备

practical实际的，实用的practice实践，练习make a difference制造一个不同

somehow无论如何

learn about得知，了解lighthouse灯塔

project计划，项目volunteer志愿者as…as…像…一样… He is as clever as MaYun. experience经历（可数），经验（不可数）previous先前的

In short简而言之

apply for申请

apply to适用于

eventually = finally最终

support支撑，支持

paperwork文件

application申请n.

applicant申请人n.

countless数不清的

interview面试

presentation陈述，发言

manage to do sth成功做

到某事

stand out脱颖而出

candidate候选人

survive存活，在…中存

活

earlier之前

later之后

report for duty报到

I have no idea. 我完全不

知道。

be about to do sth马上做

某事，立刻做某事

compete完成

training训练

in need of处于对….的需

求中

proper合适的=appropriate

accommodation食宿

desperately绝望的，迫切

的

badly糟糕的，迫切的

local当地的

offer主动提出，主动提

供

schoolhouse校舍

or so左右

some time有些时间

Please give me some time.

some times几次I have

been to Shanghai some

times.

sometime某次I met your

mother in the street

sometime last week.

sometimes有时候I

sometimes go to school

late.

period时期

no longer=no more=不再

forever永远

theory理论

theoretical理论的

focus on聚焦于

likely有可能的

alike相似的

I was received.我被招

待。

(Like many new graduates), I left university (full of hope) (for the future) but (with no real idea) (of what I wanted to do). My degree, (with honours), (in English literature) had not really prepared me (for anything practical). I knew (I wanted) (to make a difference) (in the world) somehow, but I had no idea (how to do that). That's (when I learned) (about the Lighthouse Project).毕业之后迷茫，得知灯塔计划

I started my journey (as a Lighthouse Project volunteer) (by reading) (as much as I could) (about the experiences) (of previous volunteers). I knew (it would be a lot of hard work), and (that I would be away) (from my family and friends) (for a very long time). (In short), I did not take my decision (to apply for the Lighthouse Project) lightly. Neither did my family. 了解灯塔计划，做出艰难决定

Eventually, however, I won the support (of my family), and I sent in all the paperwork (needed) (for application). (After countless interviews and presentations), I managed (to stand out) (among the candidates) and survive the test alone. (Several months later), I finally received a call (asking me) (to report) (for duty). I would be going (to a small village) (near Abuja, Nigeria). Where? What? Nigeria? I had no idea. But I was about (to find out). 通过测试，去尼日利亚(After completing my training), I was sent (to the village) (that was small and desperately in need of proper accommodation). (Though the local villagers were poor), they offered their homes, hearts, and food (as if I were their own family). I was asked (to lead a small team) (of local people) (in building a new schoolhouse). (For the next year) (or so), I

taught (in that same schoolhouse). But I sometimes think (I learned more) (from my students) (than they did) (from me). 开始教书

Sometime (during that period), I realized (that all those things) (that had seemed so strange or unusual) (to me) (no longer did), (though I did not get anywhere) (with the local language), and I returned (to the United States) a different man. The Lighthouse Project had changed my life forever. 灯塔计划改变我

36. What do we know about the author?

A. His university education focused on theoretical knowledge.

B. His dream at university was to become a volunteer.

C. He took pride (in having contributed to the world).

D. He felt honoured (to study English literature).

37. (According to Paragraph 2), it is most likely (that the author ________)．

A. discussed his decision (with his family)

B. asked previous volunteers (about voluntary work)

C. attended special training (to perform difficult tasks)

D. felt sad about having to leave his family and friends

38. (In his application) (for the volunteer job), the author ________．

A. participated in many discussions

B. went through challenging survival tests

C. wrote quite a few papers (on voluntary work)

D. faced strong competition (from other candidates)

39. (On arrival at the village), the author was ________．

A. asked to lead a farming team

B. sent to teach (in a schoolhouse)

C. received warmly (by local villagers)

D. arranged (to live) (in a separate house)

40. What can we infer from the author's experiences （in Nigeria）?

A. He found some difficulty (adapting to the local culture).

B. He had learned to communicate in the local language.

C. He had overcome all his weaknesses before he left for home.

D. He was chosen (as the most respectable teacher) (by his students).

Passage 9

underwater水下similarly同样地

rent租借

suit衣服，套装

shore海岸either…or…要么…要么…

instruct指导，指示v. instructor指导员n. instruction指导n. instructive有指导意义的，有教育意义的adj. before然后，在…之前exception例外

practical实际的，实践的

practice练习

guide指南，导游，指导

adventure探险，冒险

dull枯燥的

oxygen氧气

tank箱子，坦克

fasten系住，栓住Please

fasten your seat belt.请系

好安全带。

A prevent/stop/keep B

from doing C. = A阻止B

做C。

limit限制v.

limitation限制n.

cage笼子

bother麻烦，干扰

creature生物，动物，受

造之物

creator造物主

create创造v.

numerous=countless=无数

的

spot点，发现

be determined to do sth下

定决心做某事

for free免费

variety种类

vary变化

various多种多样的

brave勇敢

key钥匙，关键

privilege特权

admire羡慕，欣赏

Larry was on another (of his underwater expeditions)(探险) but (this time), it was different. He decided (to take his daughter) (along with him). She was only ten years old. This would be her first trip (with her father) (on what he had always been famous for). Larry带女儿水下探险

Larry first began diving (when he was his daughter's age). Similarly, his father had taken him along (on one of his expeditions). (Since then), he had never looked back. Larry started out (by renting diving suits) (from the small diving shop) (just along the shore). He had hated them. They were either too big or too small. Then, there was the instructor. He gave him a short lesson (before allowing him) (into the water) (with his father). He had made an exception. Larry would never have been able (to go down) (without at least five hours) (of theory) and another similar number of hours (on practical lessons) (with a guide). Children (of his age) were not even allowed (to dive). Larry小的时候学潜水(After the first expedition), Larry's later diving adventures only got better and better. There was never a dull moment. (In his black and blue suit) and (with an oxygen tank) (fastened) (on his back), Larry dived (from boats) (into the middle) (of the ocean). Dangerous areas did not prevent him (from continuing his search). Sometimes, he was limited (to a cage) underwater but that did not bother him.(At least), he was still able (to take photographs) (of the underwater creatures). Larray享受潜水

Larry's first expedition (without his father) was (in the Cayman Islands).There were numerous diving spots (in the area) and Larry was determined (to visit all of them).Fortunately (for him), a man offered (to take him) (around the different spots) (for free). Larry did not even know (what the time was), (how many spots he dived into) or (how many photographs) (he had taken). The diving spots afforded such a wide array (of fish and sea creatures) (that Larry saw more) (than thirty varieties) (of creatures). Larry享受潜水

Larry looked (at his daughter).She looked as excited (as he had been) (when he was her age).He hoped (she would be able) (to continue the family tradition).Already, she looked like she was much braver (than Larry had been then).This was the key (to a successful underwater expedition).女儿潜水

56. (In what way) was this expedition different for Larry?

A. His daughter had grown up.

B. He had become a famous diver.

C. His father would dive with him.

D. His daughter would dive with him.

57. What can be inferred from Paragraph 2?

A. Larry had some privileges.

B. Larry liked the rented diving suits.

C. Divers had to buy diving equipment.

D. Ten-year-old children were permitted to dive.

58. Why did Larry have to stay （in a cage） underwater sometimes?

A. To protect himself (from danger).

B. To dive into the deep water.

C. To admire the underwater view.

D. To take photo more conveniently.

59. What can be learned (from the underlined sentence)?

A. Larry didn't wear a watch.

B. Larry was not good at maths.

C. Larry had a poor memory.

D. Larry enjoyed the adventure.

60. What did Larry expect his daughter to do?

A. Become a successful diver.

B. Make a good diving guide.

C. Take a lot of photos underwater.

D. Have longer hours of training.

Passage 10

responsible负责任的employee雇员employer雇主

profit利润

per year=every year每年upset沮丧

customer顾客

scream尖叫

uniform制服shelter避难所=“Thank

God for giving me shelter

and food.”

pick up偶然学到，轻松

学到，捡起来，接人

lecture演讲

training course训练课

education programme教

育项目= education

program

throughout贯穿

occupation职业

occupy占据，占领

focus聚焦

willpower意志力

extreme极端的

habit习惯

Dozens of…好几打

case事件，案例，箱子

（tank）

strong强壮的

strength力量，优点

strengthen加强

into成为

self-control自我控制

automatic自动化

occur发生

think about考虑

workbook工作手册

serve服务v.

service服务n.

servant仆人n.

sleepy困的

sleeping正在睡觉的

Travis is the manager (of G&G) (where he is responsible) (for forty employees and profits) (of over $2 million per year). He's never late (to work). He does not get upset (on the job). (When one of his employees started crying) (after a customer screamed) (at her)，Travis took her away.“Your working uniform is your shelter，”he told her. “Nothing (anyone says) will ever hurt you. You will always be (as strong) (as you want to be).” 成功的经理Travis

Travis picked up that lecture (in one of his G&G training courses)，an education programme (that began) (on his first day) and continues (throughout an employee's occupation).The training has，Travis says，changed his life. G&G has taught him (how to live)，(how to focus)，(how to get to work on time)，and (how to master his emotions)(情绪)．Most importantly，it taught him willpower.教育项目

(At the center) (of that education) is an extreme focus (on an all-important habit)：willpower. Dozens of cases show (that willpower is the single most important habit) (for a person's success). 意志力

And the best way (to strengthen willpower) is (to make it) (into a habit).“Sometimes it looks like people (with great self-control) aren't working hard—but that's (because they've made it automatic)，”Angela Duckworth，one of the University of Pennsylvania researchers said. “Their willpower occurs (without them) (having to think about it).”培养意志力：习惯、自控

The company spent millions of dollars (developing programmes) (of study) (to train employees) (on self-control). Managers wrote workbooks (that serve) (as guides) (to how to make willpower a habit) (in workers' lives). Those courses are，(in part)，(why G&G has grown) (from a sleepy company) (into a large one) (with more than seventeen thousand stores and profits) (of more than $10 billion a year). 教育项目有回报

33．We learn (from Paragraph 2) that employees (in G&G) must ________.

A．learn to give lectures B．attend education programmes

C．design a working uniform D．develop a common hobby

34．Willpower will become a habit (when employees can ________).

A．focus on the profits B．benefit from the job C．protect themselves well D．control their feelings well 35．What can we infer from the passage?

A．G&G has grown (into a large company). B．G&G will spend half its profits training employees.

C．G&G may become more successful (in the future). D．G&G has to produce more workbooks for managers.

Passage 11

record记录v. recorder录音机recording记录，录音n. tough强壮

damage破坏

crop庄稼avoid避免，避开

certain特定的，肯定的，

某个

certainly肯定地

discourage使…泄气

encourage使…有勇气，

鼓励

courage勇气

set up建立

scare吓唬，使…害怕

scaring吓人的

scary吓人的

scared害怕的，感到害怕

的

throw扔

burst爆发

burst into laughter爆发出笑声

burst into tears爆发出眼泪

assistant助手

calm down冷静下来speaker扩音器

distance距离distant遥远的

switch on打开

switch off关闭

switch调节

pre-recorded之前被记录

下来的

video视频的

audio 音频的

camera摄像机，照相机

ignore忽视，忽略

hide躲藏

undisturbed没有被打扰

disturb打扰

promise答应

promising有说服力，前

途光明的

A promising boy一个前

途光明的男孩

trial审判，试验

frighten吓唬

frightening吓人的

frightened被惊吓的

conduct a test主导试验

Recordings (of angry bees) are enough (to send big, tough African elephants) (running away), a new study says. Beehives(蜂窝)—either recorded or real—may even prevent elephants from damaging farmers' crops. 大象怕蜜蜂的声音(In 2002), scientist Lucy King and her team found (that elephants avoid certain trees) (with bees) (living) (in them). Today, Lucy wants (to see) (if African honeybees might discourage elephants) (from eating crops). But (before she asked farmers) (to go) (to the trouble) (of setting up beehives) (on their farms), she needed (to find out) (if the bees would scare elephants away). 做实验：蜜蜂吓跑大象

Lucy found a wild beehive (inside a tree) (in Northern Kenya) and set up a recorder. Then she threw a stone (into the beehive), (which burst) (into life). Lucy and her assistant hid (in their car) (until the angry bees had calmed down). Next, Lucy searched out elephant families (in Samburu National Reserve) (in Northern Kenya) and put a speaker (in a tree) (close to each family). 录制蜜蜂的声音，准备给大象播放

(From a distance), Lucy switched on the pre-recorded sound (of angry bees) (while at the same time) (recording the elephants) (with a video camera). Half the elephant groups left the area (within ten seconds). (Out of a total of 17 groups), only one group ignored the sound (of the angry bees). Lucy reported (that all the young elephants immediately ran) (to their mothers) (to hide) (under them). (When Lucy played the sound) (of a waterfall)(瀑布) (instead of the angry bees) (to many of the same elephant families), the animals were undisturbed. Even (after four minutes), most of the groups stayed (in one place).播放蜜蜂声音，大象吓跑了

Lucy is now studying (whether the elephants will continue) (to avoid the sound) (of angry bees) (after hearing it several times). She hasn't tested enough groups yet (to know), but her initial(最初的) results were promising enough (to begin trials) (with farmers). She has now begun placing speakers (in the fields) (to see) (if elephants are frightened away).开始农田试验60．We know (from the passage) that elephants may be frightened (of ________)．

A．loud noises B．some crops C．video cameras D．angry bees

61．(As mentioned in the passage), Lucy________．

A．works by herself in Africa B．needs to test more elephant groups

C．has stopped elephants eating crops D．has got farmers (to set up beehives) on their farms

62．Why did Lucy throw a stone (into a wild beehive)?

A．To record the sound of bees. B．To make a video of elephants.

C．To see if elephants would run away. D．To find out more (about the behaviour of bees).

63．Which of the following is TRUE (according to the passage)?

A．Young elephants ignore African honeybees. B．Waterfalls can make elephants stay in one place. C．Elephants do not go near trees (with bees) (living in them).

D．Farmers do not allow Lucy to conduct tests (in their fields).

应试方法：Step1：两首一尾定主题（首段+各段首句+尾段=主题）

Step2：逐个题目找答案“找到关键词，看懂一整句一句不够用，才看上下句

一般情况看下句，代词开头看上句一次只一句”

Passage 12

skyscraper摩天大楼pound英镑

height高度

metre米

Europe欧洲

Euro欧元appearance外表，表现design设计

architect建筑师architecture建筑surface表面

reflect反射，反思

regular规则

shape形状，身材

sharp尖锐

tradition传统

church教堂

the river Thames泰晤士

河

observe观察

observatory观景台

eventually最终

apartment公寓

approve允许

critics批评家，评论家

criticize评论，批评

critical批判性的

decoration装饰n.

decorate装饰v.

flat平

represent代表

unequal不平等

private私人的

public公众的

symbol标志，标记，符

号

division区别，区分

dominate主宰，主导

citizen市民，公民

London's newest skyscraper(摩天大楼) is called the Shard and it cost about 430 million pounds (to build). (At a height of almost 310 metres), it is the tallest building (in Europe). The Shard has completely changed the appearance (of London). However, not everyone thinks (that it is a change) (for the better). 并非每个人都喜欢摩天大楼Shard

The Shard was designed (by the famous Italian architect) Renzo Piano. (When he began designing the Shard) (for London), Piano wanted a very tall building (that looked) (like a spire) (尖顶). He wanted the glass surfaces (to reflect the sky and the city). The sides (of the building) aren't regular. So the building has an unusual shape. It looks like a very thin, sharp piece of broken glass. And that is (how the building got the name: the Shard).Piano says (that the spire shape) (of the Shard) is part (of a great London tradition). The shape reminds him (of the spires) (of the churches) (of London) or the tall masts(桅杆) (of the ships) (that were once) (on the river Thames). Shard的设计The Shard has 87 floors. (At the top), there is an observatory. (At the moment) the building is empty, but eventually there will be a five-star hotel. There will also be top quality restaurants, apartments and offices. Shard的结构(Before building work began), a lot of people didn't want the Shard (though the plans were approved). Now they are still unhappy (about the Shard). Some critics say (that such a tall skyscraper might be good) (in a city) (like New York), but not (in London). They say (that the best thing) (about the Shard) is its spire shape. But (that is the only thing). There is no decoration, only flat surfaces. The Egyptians did that 4，500 years ago. They also think the Shard is too big (for London). It destroys the beauty (of the city). 并非人人喜欢Shard

Other critics don't like (what the Shard seems to represent).They say (that the Shard shows) (how London is becoming more unequal). Only very rich people can afford (to buy the expensive private apartments) and stay (in the hotel). But the people (who live near the Shard) are (among the poorest) (in London).So the Shard seems a symbol (of the division) (in society) (between the very rich and the poor).批评家不喜欢S代表的东西

The Shard now dominates the London skyline. It is not certain, however, (that ordinary London citizens will ever accept it) (as a valuable addition) (to the city). 不确定大家喜欢它

55. London's newest skyscraper is called the Shard because of ________．

A. its cost

B. its size

C. its shape

D. its height

56. (When he designed the Shard), Piano wanted it (to ________)．

A. change London's skyline

B. inherit London's tradition

C. imitate the Egyptian style

D. attract potential visitors

57. The critics (who refer to social division) think the Shard ________.

A. is only preferred (by the rich)

B. is intended (for wealthy people)

C. is far away (from the poor area)

D. is popular only (with Londoners)

58. Which would be the best title for the passage?

A. The Shard: cheers and claps

B. The Shard: work of a great architect

C. The Shard: new symbol of London?

D. The Shard: a change for the better?

应试方法：

Step1：两首一尾定主题

（首段+各段首句+尾段=主题）

Step2：逐个题目找答案

“找到关键词，看懂一整句

一句不够用，才看上下句

一般情况看下句，代词开头看上句

一次只一句”

satisfy使…满意

satisfying令人满意的

satisfied感到满意的

unsatisfied感到不满足的

means方法，方式

desire欲望

issue问题

consist of由…组成

ought to=should应该

royal皇家的

palace宫殿

hut小茅屋Pizza Hut必胜客（卖Pizza的小茅屋）

enthusiasm热情

ham火腿

Literature文学

furnish给…装家具

furnished装满家具的

furniture家具n.

many an hour=many hours

refreshment振作一新

library图书馆

librarian图书管理员

thrill兴奋，刺激

possess拥有

possession财产

in a sense在一定意义上

spirit精神

physical身体的，物质的

mental心灵的

spiritual精神的，精神上的

material物质，材料；物质的

materialistic唯物主义的，唯物质主义的

contribute to 对…有贡献

Passage 13

Perhaps you think (you could easily add to your happiness) (with more money). (Strange as it may seem), (if you're unsatisfied), the issue is not a lack (of means) (to meet your desires) but a lack (of desires)—not (that you cannot satisfy your tastes) but (that you don't have enough tastes). 如何满意？

Real riches consist of well-developed and hearty capacities(能力) (to enjoy life). Most people are already swamped(淹没) (with things). They eat, wear, go and talk too much. They live (in too big a house) (with too many rooms), yet their house (of life) is a hut.真正的富有=享受生活

Your house (of life) ought to be a mansion(豪宅), a royal palace. Every new taste, every additional interest, every fresh enthusiasm adds a room. Here are several rooms (your house of life should have). 生命的房屋Art should be a desire (for you) (to develop) (simply because the world is full) (of beautiful things). (If you only understood) (how to enjoy them) and feed your spirit (on them), they would make you (as happy) (as to find plenty of ham and eggs) (when you're hungry). 发展艺术

Literature, classic literature, is a beautiful, richly furnished room (where you might find many an hour) (of rest and refreshment). (To gain that love) would go (towards making you a rich person), (for a rich person is not someone) (who has a library) but (who likes a library). 发展文学

Music (like Mozart's and Bach's) shouldn't be absent. Real riches are (of the spirit). And (when you've brought that spirit up) (to where classical music feeds it and makes you a little drunk), you have increased your thrills and bettered them. And life is a matter of thrills. 发展音乐

Sports, (without which) you remain poor, mean a lot in life. (No matter who you are), you would be more human, and your house of life would be better supported (against the bad days), (if you could, and did, play a bit). 运动很重要(Whatever rooms you might add) (to your house) (of life), the secret (of enjoying life) is (to keep adding). 增加生命的房屋

68．The author intends to tell us that________．

A．true happiness lies (in achieving wealth) (by fair means)

B．big houses are people's most valued possessions

C．big houses can (in a sense) bring richness of life

D．true happiness comes (from spiritual riches)

69．The underlined sentence in the second paragraph probably implies that________．

A．however materially rich, they never seem to be satisfied

B．however materially rich, they remain spiritually poor

C．though their house is big, they prefer a simple life

D．though their house is big, it seems to be a cage

70．It can be learned from the passage (that ________)．

A．more money brings more happiness

B．art is needed (to make your house beautiful)

C．literature can enrich your spiritual life

D．sports contribute mainly (to your physical fitness)

71．What would be the best title for the passage?

A．House of life 标题题：紧扣主题+引起兴趣

B．Secret of wealth

C．Rest and refreshment

D．Interest and enthusiasm

Passage 14

look forward to + n.期待…

progress进步

indicate指出，提示

deli cate美丽，脆弱

dede cate奉献

lead to +n.导致…

technology技术

effective有效的

efficient高效的

Everyone looks forward to progress, whether (in one's personal life) or (in the general society). Progress indicates a person's ability (to change the way) (he is living) (at the moment). Progress must lead (to a better life and a better way) (of doing things). All these, however, remain true only in (so far as people want) (to accept technology and move forwards) (by finding new and more efficient ways) (of doing things).进步依赖技术

especially特别

price价格，代价

click点击

button纽扣，按钮

apart分开

take the effort to do sth努力做某事，费力做某事

in sb’s presence当着某人的面

However, (at the back) (of the minds) (of many people), especially those (who miss the “good old days”)， efficiency comes (with a price). (When communication becomes more efficient), people are able (to contact one another) (no matter where they are) and (at whatever time) (they wish to). The click of a button allows people (miles apart) (to talk) or (to see each other) (without even leaving their homes). (With the communication gadgets), (such as mobile phones and iPads), people often do not take the effort (to visit one another personally).A personal visit carries (with it) the additional feature (of having to be) (in the person's presence) (for as long as the visit lasts). We cannot unnecessarily excuse ourselves or turn the other person off. 进步是有代价的

mass大规模的

produce生产v.

product产品n.

production生产n.

producer 生产者n.

(With efficiency) also comes mass production.Such is the nature of factories and the success of industrialization today.Factories and have improved efficiency. Unskilful tasks are left to machines and products are better made and produced with greater accuracy than any human hand could ever have done. However, with the improvements in efficiency also comes the loss of the personal touch when making these products. For example, many handicrafts(手工艺品) are now produced (in a factory). (Although this means) (that supply is better able to increase demand), (now that the supply is quick and efficient), the demand might fall (because mass production lowers the quality) (of the handicraft) and it is difficult (to find unique designs) (on each item).高效率带来大生产

commit犯罪，犯错误

commit the crime犯罪

commit suicide自杀

analize分析

keep up with sth/sb=与sth/sb齐头并进

Nevertheless, we must not commit the mistake (of analysing progress) (only from one point of view).(In fact), progress has allowed tradition (to keep up). It is (only with progress and the invention of new technology) that many old products can be brought back (to their old state). New technology is required (for old products) (to stay old). 进步允许传统齐头并进

attitude态度

A have influence on

B =A对B有影响

flexible灵活的

fix安装，固定

fixed固定的

make use of利用

A depend on B=A取决于B

e ffect效果n.

a ffect影响v.

ad a pt适应

ad o pt收养，采纳

barrier障碍

It is people's attitude (towards progress) that causes the type (of influence) (that technology has) (on society). Technology is flexible. There is no fixed way (of making use of it). Everything depends (on people's attitude). The worst effects (of progress) will fall (on those) (who are unable) (to rethink their attitudes and views) (of society). (When we accept progress and adapt it) (to suit our needs), a new “past” is created. 态度决定影响

70. According to Paragraph 1, progress can benefit people (when they are willing to ________)．

A. live a better life

B. look for better methods

C. change ways of living

D. accept technology and advance steadily

71. The underlined word “gadgets” is closest in meaning to “________”．

A. tools

B. messages

C. barriers

D. skills

72. The author explains “efficiency comes with a price” by ________.

A. describing a process

B. using examples

C. following time order

D. making classification

73. Compared (with home-made handicrafts), machine-made products ________．

A. lack great accuracy

B. lack the personal touch

C. are of high value

D. are quite welcome

74. What can be learned about technology from Paragraph 4?

A. It can destroy old traditions.

B. It can lead to social progress.

C. It can be used to correct mistakes.

D. It can be used to preserve old products.

75. What can be concluded from the last paragraph?

A. Progress can suit the needs of daily life.

B. People review the past (with great regret).

C. Technology should be introduced (in a fixed way).

D. People's attitude decides the use of technology.

Passage 15

global全球的

rapid快速的=fast=quickly

appear出现

disappear消失

likely有可能

die out灭绝

according to sth/sb依据…（所说的话）

educational教育的

scientific科学的

cultural文化的

【英语段落的基本结构】

T：Topic主题

E：Explanation解释

E：Example举例

C：Conclusion总结

in an effort在一种努力之中

prevent阻止

prevent/stop/keep sb from doing sth阻止某人做某事

scholar学者

a number of许多

document文件，记录 xxx.doc

reflect反映，反思

content满意adj，内容n

campaign政治运动

material材料

original最初的

collect收集，收藏

en danger使…处于危险之中

en dangered处于危险之中的

community社区、社团

in need of需要，需求

(As more and more people speak the global languages) (of English, Chinese, Spanish, and Arabic), other languages are rapidly disappearing. (In fact), half (of the 6，000～7，000 languages) (spoken) (around the world) today will likely die out (by the next century), (according to the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization) (UNESCO)．很多语言灭绝

(In an effort) (to prevent language loss), scholars (from a number of organizations)—UNESCO and National Geographic (among them)—have (for many years) been documenting dying languages and the cultures (they reflect). 记录语言和文化

Mark Turin, a scientist (at the Macmillan Centre, Yale University), who specializes (in the languages and oral traditions) (of the Himalayas), is following (in that tradition).His recently published book, A Grammar (of Thangmi) (w ith an Ethnolinguistic Introduction) (to the Speakers and Their Culture), grows (out of his experience) (living, working, and raising a family) (in a village) (in Nepal).MT的例子

(Documenting the Thangmi language and culture) is just a starting point (for Turin), (who seeks) (to include other languages and oral traditions) (across the Himalayan reaches) (of India, Nepal, Bhutan, and China). But he is not content (to simply record these voices) (before they disappear) (without record).

(At the University of Cambridge) Turin discovered a wealth (of important materials)—(including photographs, films, tape recordings, and field notes)—(which had remained unstudied and were badly) (in need of care and protection).

Now, (through the two organizations) (that he has found ed) —the Digital Himalaya Project and the World Oral Literature Project—Turin has started a campaign (to make such documents), (found) (in libraries and stores) (around the world), available not just (to scholars) but (to the younger generations) (of communities) (from whom the materials were originally collected). (Thanks to digital technology and the widely available Internet), Turin notes,the en danger ed languages can be saved and reconnected (with speech communities).

32. Many scholars are making efforts (to ________)．

A. promote global languages 偏离主题！！

B. rescue disappearing languages靠主题做题

C. search (for language communities)

D. set up language research organizations

33. What does “that tradition” in Paragraph 3 refer to?

A. Having full records of the languages. 靠主题做题

B. Writing books on language teaching.

C. Telling stories (about language users).

D. Living (with the native speakers).

34. What is Turin's book based on?

A. The cultural studies (in India).

B. The documents available (at Yale).

C. His language research (in Bhutan).

D. His personal experience (in Nepal).

35. Which of the following best describes Turin's work?

A. Write, sell and donate.

B. Record, repair and reward.

C. Collect, protect and reconnect. 靠主题做题

D. Design, experiment and report.

答案去哪儿了？

1、首段+各段首句+尾段

2、定位出题句

Passage 16

the latest news最新消息

request要求，需要

demand迫切的要求

require上级对下级的要求

director导演，主管

direct指导

direction方向

popularity流行n.

popilar流行的adj.

pop music流行音乐

native当地的，当地人，本土的

raise升起，抚养

root根

strengthen加强

strength力量

strong有力量的

term短语

catch up with sb追上、赶上

master掌握v. 硕士n.大师n.

One of the latest trends(趋势) (in American childcare) is Chinese au pairs.Au Pair (in Stamford, Conn), (for example), has got increasing numbers (of requests) (for Chinese au pairs) (from zero) (to around 4，000) (since 2004). And that's true (all across the country).au pairs在美国是趋势

“I thought it would be useful (for him) (to learn Chinese) (at an early age)，” Joseph Stocke, the managing director (of a company), says (of his 2-year-old son). “I would at least like (to give him the chance) (to use the language) (in the future).” (After only six months) (of being cared for) (by a 25-year-old woman) (from China), the boy can already understand basic Chinese daily expressions, his dad says. 中国保姆

Li Drake, a Chinese native (raising two children) (in Minnesota) (with an American husband), had another reason (for looking) (for an au pair) (from China): she didn't want her children (to miss out on their roots).“(Because I am Chinese), my husband and I wanted the children (to keep exposed) (to(接触) the language and culture)，” she says. 不想让孩子忘掉根

“Staying (with a native speaker) is better (for children) (than simply sitting) (in a classroom)，” says Suzanne Flynn, a professor (in language education) (of children).“But parents must understand (that just one year) (with an au pair) is unlikely (to produce wonders). Complete mastery demands continued learning (until the age) (of 10 or 12).” 中国保姆的好处

The popularity (of au pairs) (from China) has been strengthened (by the increasing numbers) (of American parents) (who want their children) (to learn Chinese). It is expected (that American demand) (for au pairs) will continue (to rise) (in the next few years). 趋势：增长

29. What does the term “au pair” in the text mean?

A. A mother raising her children on her own.

B. A child (learning a foreign language) (at home).

C. A professor (in language education) (of children).

D. A young foreign women (taking care of children).

30. Li Drake has her children study Chinese (because she wants them ________)．

A. to live in China some day

B. to speak the language at home

C. to catch up with other children

D. to learn about the Chinese culture

31. What can we infer from the text?

A. Learning Chinese is becoming popular (in America).

B. Educated women do better (in looking after children).

C. Chinese au pairs need (to improve their English skills).

D. Children can learn a foreign language well in six months.

注意：做完题目之后，利用主题来检验！！！！

Passage 17

rag破布

hut小木屋

stick木棍

mud泥土

chant唱，颂

alphabet字母表

key关键

goal目标

arrange安排

letter信，字母

project项目

stage阶段

ticket门票

contribute to有助于

standard标准

analyse分析

data数据

offer主动提供，主动提出

assist帮助

assistant助手

exist存在

Institute学院

MIT麻省理工学院

device设备

camera摄像头

disable残疾adj. disable sb：把人弄成残疾

memory记忆，内存

save拯救，节约

figure out理解，弄清

accomplishment成就

accomplish完成=finish

unbelievable=incredible 难以置信的

The kids (in this village) wear dirty, ragged clothes. They sleep (beside cows and sheep) (in huts) (made of sticks and mud). They have no school. Yet they all can chant the English alphabet, and some can make words. 孩子穷，英语好

The key (to their success): 20 tablet computers(平板电脑) (dropped off) (in their Ethiopian village) (in February) (by a US group) (called One Laptop Per Child). 关键是平板电脑

The goal is (to find out) (whether kids) (using today's new technology) can teach themselves (to read) (in places) (where no schools or teachers exist). The Massachusetts Institute (of Technology) researchers (analysing the project data) say they're already amazed.“(What I think has already happened) is (that the kids have already learned more) (than they would have) (in one year) (of kindergarten)，” said Matt Keller, (who runs the Ethiopia programme). 目标：用新技术让孩子自学

The fastest learner—and the first (to turn on one) (of the tablets)—is 8-year-old Kelbesa Negusse. The device's camera was disabled (to save memory), yet (within weeks) Kelbesa had figured out its workings and made the camera work. He called himself a lion, a marker (of accomplishment) (in Ethiopia).

(With his tablet), Kelbesa rearranged the letters HSROE (into one of the many English animal names) (he knows). Then he spelled words (o n his own). “(Seven months ago) he didn't know any English. That's unbelievable，” said Keller.

The project aims (to get kids) (to a stage) (called “deep reading”)， (where they can read) (to learn). It won't be (in Amharic), Ethiopia's first language, but (in English), (which is widely seen) (as the ticket) (to higher paying jobs). 深度阅读→学英语→高收入

文章思路：用平板电脑教穷孩子学英语

62．How does the Ethiopia programme benefit the kids (in the village)?

A．It trains teachers for them.

B．It contributes to their self-study.

C．It helps raise their living standards.

D．It provides funds (for building schools).

63．What can we infer from Keller's words (in Paragraph 3)?

A．They need more time to analyse data.

B．More children are needed (for the research).

C．He is confident (about the future) (of the project).

D．The research should be carried out (in kindergartens).

64．It amazed Keller that (with the tablet) Kelbesa could ________.

A．learn English words quickly靠主题做题

B．draw pictures of animals

C．write letters to researchers

D．make phone calls to his friends

65．What is the aim (of the project)?

A．To offer Ethiopians higher paying jobs.

B．To make Amharic widely used in the world.

C．To help Ethiopian kids read to learn in English.

D．To assist Ethiopians (in learning their first language).

Passage 18

tearful含着泪水的

comfort安慰v./n.

comfortable舒服的

stomach肚子

pain疼痛

stomachache肚子痛

bowl碗

hear about=learn about=听说，了解到

the night before前一天晚上

annual 年度的

suffering n.遭受/忍受痛苦

enthusiasm热情

enthusiastic有热情的

abandon放弃，抛弃

replace代替

competitive竞争性的

competition比赛

competitor比赛选手

event事件，活动

stressful有压力的

stress压力；强调

primary school小学

critical. 批判的

neutral. 中立的

positive. 积极的

ambiguous. 模棱两可的

necessary必要的

overweight超重

track轨迹，轨道，追踪

entire全部的

prove证明

disaster灾难

thrill兴奋

thrilling令人兴奋的

(One afternoon last week), I saw three tearful children (from my son's school) (being comforted) (by teachers). (That morning), my 11-year-old had stomach pains, retching(干呕)(into a bowl). (Talking) (to other mothers) later, I heard about other children (with stomachache or difficult sleeping) (the night before). 很多孩子生病

What caused so much pain? Sports day. Sports day might be necessary (at a highly-competitive independent school), but not (at a village primary school). (For the children) (who can fly) (like the wind), sports day causes no problem. (For those) (who are overweight or just not good) (at sport), it is nightmare(噩梦). Even (for those) (who enjoy running but fall halfway) (down the track) (in front of the entire school and their parents), it can prove a disaster. 因为运动会Why do we put our children (through this annual suffering)? Some may say competition is character building; or it's taking part, not winning, that's important; or that it is a tradition (of school life). I just felt great pity (for those children) (in tears) or (in pain). 反对运动会

Team games (at the end) (of sports day) produced some close races, wild enthusiasm, lots of shouting—and were fun (to watch). More importantly, the children (who were not so fast or quick) (at passing the ball) were hidden a little (from everyone's eyes). Some of them also had the thrill (of being) (on the winning side). 团队运动好

I wish (that sports day could be abandoned and replaced) (with some other less-competitive event).Perhaps an afternoon (of team games), (with a few races) (for those) (who want them), would be less stressful (for the children) and a lot more fun (to watch). 取消运动会或改为团队运动

57. What can we learn about the author's son (from Paragraph 1)?

A. He talked (with some mothers).

B. He comforted his classmates.

C. He had difficulty (in sleeping).

D. He suffered (from stomachache).

58. Sports day is still an annul event (in this school) probably because ________．

A. this is an independent school

B. it is a tradition of the school

C. it helps children lose weight

D. children enjoy watching sports

59. What does the author think (about team games)?

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江苏省13市中考数学试题分类解析汇编 专题17 阅读理解

专题17：阅读理解型问题 1. （2015年江苏镇江3分）如图，坐标原点O 为矩形ABCD 的对称中心，顶点A 的坐标为（1，t ），AB ∥x 轴，矩形A B C D ''''与矩形ABCD 是位似图形，点O 为位似中心，点A ′，B ′分别是点A ，B 的对应点， A B k AB '' =．已知关于x ，y 的二元一次方程21 34mnx y n x y +=+??+=? （m ，n 是实数）无解，在以m ，n 为坐标（记为（m ，n ））的所 有的点中，若有且只有一个点落在矩形A B C D ''''的边上，则k t ?的值等于【 】 A. 3 4 B. 1 C. 43 D. 32 【答案】D ． 【考点】位似变换；二元一次方程组的解；坐标与图形性质；反比例函数的性质；曲线上点的坐标与方程的关系． 【分析】∵坐标原点O 为矩形ABCD 的对称中心，顶点A 的坐标为（1，t ），∴点C 的坐标为()1t -，-. ∵矩形A B C D ''''与矩形ABCD 是位似图形， A B k AB '' =， ∴点A ′的坐标为()k kt ，，点C ′的坐标为()k kt -，-. ∵关于x ，y 的二元一次方程21 34mnx y n x y +=+??+=? （m ，n 是实数）无解， ∴由()323mn x n -=-得mn =3，且3 2 n ≠ ，即3n m =（m ≠2）. ∵以m ，n 为坐标（记为（m ，n ））的所有的点中，有且只有一个点落在矩形A B C D ''''的边上， ∴反比例函数3 n m = 的图象只经过点A ′或C ′.

而根据反比例函数的对称性，反比例函数3n m = 的图象同时经过点A ′或C ′，只有在32,2A ??' ??? ，32,2C ? ?'-- ?? ? 时反比例函数3n m =的图象只经过点C ′. ∴3 322 kt kt =-?=-. 故选D ． 1. （2015年江苏连云港3分）已知一个函数，当x ＞0时，函数值y 随着x 的增大而减小，请写出这个函数关系式 ▲ (写出一个即可）． 【答案】22y x =--（答案不唯一）. 【考点】开放型；一次函数、反比例函数和二次函数的性质． 【分析】根据一次函数、反比例函数和二次函数的性质写出符合条件的函数关系式即可： 如：<0k 的一次函数：1 ,2,22,2 y x y x y x =-=-+=--??? ； >0k 的反比例函数：123 ,,,2y y y x x x ===??? ； <0,02b a a -≤ 的二次函数：()2 22,2,211,y x y x y x =-=-+=-++??? . 等等（答案不唯一）. 2. （2015年江苏无锡2分）某商场在“五一”期间举行促销活动，根据顾客按商品标价一次性购物总额，规定相应的优惠方法：①如果不超过500元，则不予优惠；②如果超过500元，但不超过800元，则按购物总额给予8折优惠；③如果超过800元，则其中800元给予8折优惠，超过800元的部分给予6折优惠．促销期间，小红和她母亲分别看中一件商品，若各自单独付款，则应分别付款480元和520元；若合并付款，则她们总共只需付款 ▲ 元． 【答案】838或910． 【考点】函数模型的选择与应用；函数思想和分类思想的应用． 【分析】由题意知：小红付款单独付款480元，实际标价为480或480×0.8=600元，小红母亲单独付款520元，实际标价为520×0.8=650元， 如果一次购买标价480+650=1130元的商品应付款800×0.8+（1130﹣800）×0.6=838元； 如果一次购买标价600+650=1250元的商品应付款800×0.8+（1250﹣800）×0.6=910元．