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剑桥雅思9阅读解析汇报test4

剑桥雅思9阅读解析汇报test4
剑桥雅思9阅读解析汇报test4

Passage 1

Question 1

答案: FALSE

关键词: husband, Nobel Prizes.

定位原文: 第1段第2、3句“...and was twice a winner…”……并两度问鼎诺贝尔奖:1903年,她同丈夫Pierre Curie以及Henri Becquerel被授予诺贝尔物理学奖,1911年她又独立获得诺贝尔化学奖。

解题思路: 题干要判断是否Marie Curie的丈夫与她共同获得了两项诺贝尔奖。原文陈述,她丈夫与她合着拿了一次,另外一次是她自己独立完成的。题干中的sole抵触于原文的both; 题干与原文陈述不一致。

Question 2

答案: NOT GIVEN

关键词: science, child

定位原文:第2段第1句“From childhood, Marie…”自幼年起,Marie就以惊人的记忆力而出名。她在16岁完成中等教育时获得了金牌。

解题思路:题干要判断Marie是否在还是个孩子时,就对科学产生了兴趣。原文陈述,Marie小时候记忆力惊人,并在16岁完成中等教育时获得了金牌,但是并没有提及她小时候是否对科学产生了兴趣。

Question 3

答案: TRUE

关键词: Sorbonne

定位原文:第2段最后一句“From her earnings she was…”有了这笔收入,她就能先资助姐姐Bronia 在巴黎学医,而Bronia也承诺,作为回报以后会帮助她继续完成学业。

解题思路:题干要判断Marie能够到巴黎大学学习,是否因为姐姐的经济资助。原文陈述姐姐确实是这么承诺的。但是如果有一些考生会纠结于姐姐虽承诺,但是是否兑现了诺言的话,可以再结合第三段第一句In 1891 this promise was fulfilled and Marie went to Paris and began to study at the Sorbonne. 1891年,Bronia兑现了她的承诺。Marie来到巴黎,开始在巴黎大学学习。由此题干与原文完全一致。

Question 4

答案: FALSE

关键词: when her children were born

对应原文:第6段第1句“The births of Marie’s two daughters…” 1897年和1904年,Marie的两个女儿Irene和Eve分别诞生,但都没有影响她的科学工作。

解题思路:题干要判断Marie是不是在生孩子的几年间停止了研究。原文陈述两个孩子诞生时,都没有影响她的科学工作。题干中的stopped doing research与原文中的 failed (unable to) to interrupt 陈述不一致。

Question 5

答案: TRUE

关键词: teaching position, husband

定位原文:第7段第2句“On May 13, 1906, she was appointed…” 1906年5 月 13 日,她填补了丈夫过世后留下的职位空缺,被任命为教授,成为了巴黎大学的第一位女性教师。

解题思路:题干要判断是否Marie接任了丈夫生前的教学职位。原文陈述,她填补了丈夫过世后留下的职位空缺。题干中took over对应原文中的was appointed to the professorship; 题干中的teaching positional对应原文left vacant on her husband’s death。题干与原文陈述完全一致。

Question 6

答案: NOT GIVEN

关键词: Bronia, radioactivity

定位原文: 第9段最后一句“... …and the inauguration in 1932…”……以及镭研究所于1932年在华沙启动,而她的姐姐Bronia则成为了研究所的主管。

解题思路:题干要判断Bronia是否研究了放射现象的医疗应用。原文只提到她的姐姐Bronia成为了研究所的主管,题干内容在原文并未提及。

Question 7

答案: thorium

关键词: radioactive, Uranium

定位原文:第4段第2句“Marie Curie decided to find…”

解题思路:首先通过句子分析,得知空格里的词应该是可以和uranium构成并列的名词,再根据空格前是called,从而预测出空格中应该是个名称(最好大写,或者引号、粗体,或者像 uranium那般的词)。题干中...had the same property 对应原文中…discovered that this was true for...,所以答案为thorium。

Question 8

答案: pitchblende

关键词: Marie and Pierre Curie’s, mineral, known as, discovery, two new elements

定位原文: 第5段第1句“Turning her attention to minerals, she…”

解题思路: 由于空格前known as,预测出这里要填一个名称,而且是矿物质名称,并且由于此物质的发现,导致我们还发现了两个新的元素。题干中 mineral known as 对应原文 she found her interest drawn to pitchblende, a mineral whose radioactivity, superior to...;题干中two new elements 对应原文discovery of the new elements。因此答案是pitchblende。

Question 9

答案: radium

关键词: 1911

定位原文: 第7段最后一句“In 1911 she was awarded…”

解题思路:题目解析空格里应该填一个元素的名称。用定位词定位到原文中,包含定位词的这一句话中,只有radium是元素,符合答案要求。

Question 10

答案: soldiers

关键词: Marie and Irene, X-radiography

定位原文:第8段第1句“...with the help of her daughter Irene…”

解题思路: 空格前为介词for, 因此预测出空格里应该填名词。就是指居里夫人和她的女儿利用X射线照相技术,可以为了什么(人)而作为医疗之用。题干中 was used as a medical technique for 对应原文中used for the treatment of wounded soldiers。因为题目要求只能填一个词,所以答案为soldiers。

Question 11

答案: illness

关键词: both... and...; radioactive material, research

定位原文: 第10段第1句“…radioactive sources, not only to treat illness…”

解题思路: 空格前后有并列关系both...and...,要填的这个空格与research存在并列关系,为名词。利用radioactive定位到原文中的那句话,很容易也找到一组并列关系not only A but also research, research已经在题干中,所以答案在前面not only中,找到对应部分to treat illness..., 这几个字中唯一名词illness确定为答案。

Question 12

答案: neutron

关键词: discoveries, 1930s , artificial radioactivity

定位原文:第10段第2、3句“...made a decisive contribution to…”

解题思路:空格前为定冠词the,因此预测出空格里应该填名词,而且要填的这个名词应该与artificial radioactivity并列,表示同为重大发现。题干中的 discoveries of the and of what was known as artificial radioactivity 对应原文This work prepared the way for the discovery of the neutron …for the discovery in 1934...of artificial radioactivity 。因此neutron为答案。

Question 13

答案: leukemia

关键词: as a result; exposed to radiation, suffered from

定位原文:第10段倒数第2句“...Marie Curie died as…”

解题思路:通过空格前的关系词as a result, 以及介词 from, 可以预测出空格里应该填一个表示结果的名词。从内容上来分析,应该是居里夫人长期暴露于镭的辐射,结果得了什么病。题干中as a result she suffered from…对应原文中died as a result of leukemia caused by...,因此leukemia为答案。

Passage 2

Question 14

答案: G

关键词: method, researchers, in a particular study

定位原文: G段第3、4句“In one experiment…”在一项实验中,Lewis和Brooks-Gunn 将在镜子前玩耍的孩子的鼻尖轻轻涂上红粉,然后观察他们多久摸一次自己的鼻子。心理学家推断,如果孩子了解自己平时的样子,他们会对鼻尖上不常见的红印感到惊讶,并会开始摸鼻子。

解题思路: 题目中的method对应原文的 dabbed some red powder on the noses; 题目中的researchers 对应原文中的Lewis and Brooks-Gunn这两位研究者;题目中的particular study对应原文中的 In one experiment。

Question 15

答案: C

关键词: role, imitation, sense of identity

定位原文: C段第1句“Another powerful source of information…”

解题思路: 他人对婴儿的模仿是婴儿的又一个强大信息源,让他们了解到他们对周围世界所能产生的影响。题目中的another powerful source of information对应role; 题目中的imitation对应原文中的mimic。

Question 16

答案: G

关键词: the age, identify, static image

定位原文: G段第1句“Lewis and Brooks-Gunn…” Lewis 和Brooks-Gunn争辩道,当孩子变得无需借助于观察跟随自己移动的物体就能从视觉上辨认出自己时,便达到了自我认知发展过程中一个重要的里程碑。这一自我认知通常发生在大约两岁的时候。

解题思路: 题目中的the age对应原文中的around their second birthday; 题目中的static image静态影像对应原文中的 without…contingent movement。

Question 17

答案: D

关键词: reason, limitations, ‘ self-as-subject’

定位原文: D段第3句“Empirical investigations…”然而,在幼儿中进行的关于主体自我的实证调查还相当不足,原因在于交流上的困难:即使婴儿可以回想起自身的经历,他们也肯定还无法直接表达自我的这一方面。

解题思路:题目中的reason对应原文中的because of difficulties of communication; 题目中的limitations 对应原文中的even if young infants can..., they certainly cannot...,即尽管他们可以他们也还不能……,所以体现了客观的局限性。

Question 18

答案: H

关键词: possible link, culture, particular form of behaviour

定位原文: H 段最后一句“Although it may be less…”尽管这点在其他社会中也许并不是这么明显,但是在西方社会,对“自我”和“所有权”的认知之间的联系在儿童时期是非常明显的特点。

解题思路: 题目中的possible link between culture and a particular form of behaviour对应原文中的 the link between the sense of ‘self and of ’ownership, is a notable feature of childhood in Western societies。再深度分析,确认题目中particular form of behaviour (行为的特殊形式),

对应原文中的the sense of ‘self ’and of ‘ownership’,即“自我”和“所有权”两种形式。题目中的culture对应原文中的Western societies。

Question 19

答案: E

关键词: examples, the wide range of features, ‘ self-as-object’

定位原文: E段第1、2句“Once children have acquired…”

解题思路:一旦孩子获得了一定程度上的自我认知,他们便开始将自己置于整个一系列的范畴之中,而这一系列范畴在定义他们为独特的“自己”的过程中共同发挥了重要作用。这就是完整自我认知发展过程中的第二步,即James所谓的“客体自我”认知。题目中的the wide range of features (各种不同特点)对应原文中的in a whole series of categories (一系列方法)。

Question 20

答案: D

关键词: D:Mead (1934)

定位原文:F段最后一句

解题思路:原文中的关键词为:第一处: ...the self and the social world as inextricably bound together(个人和社会有着密不可分的关系);第二处:...it is impossible to conceive of a self arising outside of social experience (根本无法想象个人的成长可以脱离社会经验)。综上两处,对应题目中的identity can never be formed without relationships with other people (没有与他人的联系,自我认知无法形成)。

Question 21

答案: B

关键词: B:Cooley (1902)

定位原文:B段后部分内容

解题思路:原文中的关键词为:第一处:...an infant’s attempts to control physical objects, such as toys or his or her own limbs(Cooley提出儿试图控制实物,比如玩具或者自己的胳膊和腿);第二处:...attempts to affect the behaviour of other people (婴儿试图影响其他人的行为)。对应题目中的...is related to a sense of mastery over things and people (孩子的自我认知与对事物和人物的掌控感有关)。

Question 22

答案: E

关键词: E:Bronson (1975)

定位原文:H段内容

解题思路: 原文中的关键词为:第一处:...which are most common from 18 months to 3 years of age (这在18个月到3岁的孩子身上最为常见);第二处.:...intensity of the frustration and anger in their disagreements increased sharply between the ages of 1 and 2 years. (1-2岁的孩子由于争论而产生的挫败感和愤怒明显更加强烈);第三处:...involved a struggle over a toy…disputing ownership rather than wanting to play with it (孩子们的冲突涉及争夺玩具,似乎只是争抢玩具的拥有权而非真的想玩玩具)。对应题目中的 At a certain age, children’s sense of identity leads to aggressive behavior (在某一年龄,孩子的自我认知会导致侵犯性的行为)。

Question 23

答案: C

关键词: Lewis and Brooks-Gunn(1979)

定位原文: C段倒数第二句

解题思路:原文中的关键词为:第一处:...that the movements they see in the mirror...(婴儿从镜子里看到的动作);第二处:...leads to a growing awareness that...(促使婴儿自我意识的增长)。分别对应题目中的 Observing their own reflection和contributes to children’s self awareness (观察自己的影像有助于孩子自我认知的形成)。

Question 24

答案: mirror

关键词: for example; image to move, face

定位原文:C段中后部分内容

解题思路:空格前为不定冠词a,因此预测出空格里应该填辅音开头的名词,并且此词最好在定位词image 之后。用定位词image定位到原文中包含image的这句话,名词有mirror。再一次推敲答案,发现题干中的face a...对应原文中的see in the mirror,因此 mirror为答案。

Question 25

答案: communication

关键词: because of, self-awareness, difficult to research, directly

定位原文: D段最后一句

解题思路:空格前有一个关系词because of, 预测空格里应该为表示原因的名词。用定位词定位到原文中,找到because of的原词,顺着往后找到名词:difficulties of communication。由于题干中已经有difficulties, 于是communication为答案备选。又因为题干中的 difficult to research directly (直接调研太困难)对应原文中的 empirical investigation...scarce(自我实证调研不足),表述一致,因此可确定communication为答案。

Question 26

答案: ownership

关键词: In Western societies, self awareness, sense

定位原文: H段最后一句

解题思路:空格前是介词of,所以确定空格里一定是名词,不仅如此,空格里的词应该是和self awareness 为并列关系的名词,并且最好出现在定位词In Western societies之后。按照这些定位到原文中,读包含in Western societies的这一整句话,发现就一处带引号的并列关系:between the sense of ‘self ’and of ‘ownership’,于是ownership为答案备选。又因the sense of ‘self’对应题干中的 awareness, 因此可确定ownership为答案。

Passage 3

Question 27

答案: ii

关键词: Mixed views, current museums

定位原文:B段1、2句和B段最后一句

解题思路: B段从第三行开始就呈现例子,所以很容易确定这个段落是总分结构,因此前两句就变得尤其重要了。题干中的current changes对应于原文中的...presented have altered。题干中的mixed views 对应原文中的...suggests that the majority of the public does not share this opinion。因此正确答案为ii。

Question 28:

答案: vi

关键词: Fewer differences, public attractions

定位原文:C段1、2句

解题思路:首先在C段第三行看到For example就可以确定这个段落是总分段落,主题句就在前两句。题干中的few differences, public attractions分别对应原文中的the sharp distinction...is gradually

evaporating (显著差异正在渐渐消失)和...between museum and heritage sites...and theme parks (博物馆、名胜古迹与主题公园之间)。因此正确答案为vi。

Question 29:

答案: i

关键词: commercial pressures, people in charge

定位原文:D段最后一句

解题思路:题干中的 commercial pressures 对应原文中的 especially given the increasing need in the heritage industry for income-generating activities, 含义为“特别是考虑到历史遗产产业对于创收活动不断增长的需求”。题干中的people in charge对应原文中的 Those who are professionally engaged in the art of interpreting history,含义为“那些专业从事诠释历史这门艺术的人”。因此正确答案为i。

Question 30:

答案: iii

关键词: Interpreting the facts, meet visitor expectations

定位原文:E段第1、2句

解题思路:首先在E段第二行看到For example就可以确定这个段落也是总分段落,主题句就在首句。但是这个段落主题句光读首句信息并不明显,需要结合例子。题干中的interpreting the facts对应原文中的例子 For example, Pithecanthropus erectus is depicted in an Indonesian museum with Malay facial features, 含义为“比如,印度尼西亚的一家博物馆根据马来人的面部特征来描绘直立猿人”。题干中的meet visitor expectations (满足参观者的期待),对应原文中 because this corresponds to public perceptions (因为这更符合公众的认知)。因此正确答案为iii。

Question 31:

答案: B

关键词: museums, past

定位原文:A段第3句“Such conviction was, until…”

解题思路:这句话中的but not for the ordinary visitor对应选项B中的were not primarily intended for the public 。故正确答案为B。

Question 32:

答案: A

关键词: current trends, heritage industry

定位原文: B段1、2句“Recently,however, attitudes…”

解题思路:其中第二句话对应选项A中的emphasise personal involvement。选项B和D都涉及细节问题,但选项B本身就是错误的,选项D根本没提及。故正确答案为A。

Question 33:

答案: D

关键词: museums, heritage sites, theme parks

定位原文:C段1、2句“In a related development, the sharp distinction…”

解题思路:这句话中的the sharp distinction...is gradually evaporating就相当于选项D中的are less easy to distinguish than before。其余三个选项在原文都没提及。故正确答案为D。

Question 34:

答案: D

关键词: preparing exhibits for museums, experts

定位原文:D段倒数第1句“Those who are professionally…”

解题思路:这句话中的as they must steer a narrow course between...and...对应选项D中的have to balance conflicting priorities。选项A和B原文没提及,选项C提到了commercial, 但没有提到should be free from。故正确答案为D。

Question 35:

答案: C

关键词: In paragraph E, writer suggests

定位原文:E段第4句“Such presentations…”

解题思路:这句话中的 tell us more about contemporary perceptions of the world than about our ancestors对应选项C中的reveal more about present beliefs than about the past。一般遇到选项中带比较关系的都不是正确答案,但选项C正是这道题的答案,因为原文中也明确了这样的比较关系。

Question 36:

答案: B

关键词: our view, is biased, because

定位原文:F段前三句

解题思路:这句话中的but another source of bias in the representation of history has to do with the transitory nature of the materials themselves对应选项B中的only very durable objects remain from the past。其余三个选项原文中都没有提及,即可以用排除法筛选出正确选项;选项B中出现了only, 又可以从原文中提到的not everything from history中看出其包含了 only的意思。故正确答案为B。

Question 37:

答案: FALSE

关键词:theme parks, Consumers prefer

定位原文:D段内容

解题思路:可根据定位词定位至D段段首。原文中说,主题公园也经历着转变,摆脱轻松的梦幻风格,尝试着去呈现严肃的社会问题,而且这种发展是市场推动力的反应。说明这是消费者认可且接受的。而题干中说消费者更喜欢氛围轻松的主题公园,与原文陈述不一致。

Question 38:

答案: NOT GIVEN

关键词: museums, theme parks

定位原文:无

解题思路:根据TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN题型的顺序出题原则,此题考点应在37题考点之后、39 题考点之前,顺着上一题找下去,并未发现有提到参观博物馆的人要比参观主题公园的人多的地方。

Question 39:

答案: FALSE

关键词: Leyden, the seventeenth century

定位原文:F段第5句“In a town like Leyden…”

解题思路:本题根据定位词很容易定位至F段第5句,像荷兰的莱顿这样的小镇,17世纪的居民数量和现在大致相同。人们将小镇用城墙围起来,居住其中,该区域的面积比现代的莱顿要小5倍。可以明显看出原文中提到的an area more than five times smaller than modem Leyden与题干中的have changed little 陈述不一致。

Question 40

答案: TRUE

关键词: Museums, impression

定位原文:F段第6句“In most of the houses…”

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1. 2. The Context, Meaning and Scope of Tourism 3. 4. primitive a. motivation n. vital a. civilisation n. economy n. distinctly adv. phenomenon n. advent n. connotation n. revolution

availability n. commercial a. industrialised a. employment n. estimate v. investment n. excess n. profound a. obscure v. ... diversity n. fragmentation n. accommodation

remain v. amorphous a. exclusive a. institionalised a. commodity n. income n. quote v. valid a. domestic a. 5. + + 6. Questions 1-4 1. Paragraph B 2. Paragraph C

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Passage1 Question 1 答案: H 关键词: national policy 定位原文: H段第1句“The New Zealand Government…” 解题思路: 这一段的首句就以一种叙事口吻向考生交代了新西兰全国上下正在开展的一场为残疾人服务 的战略,该句含义为“新西兰政府已经制定出一项‘新西兰残疾人事业发展战略’,并开始进入广泛咨 询意见的阶段。”另外,在该段其它语句中也提到the strategy recognises..., Objective 3...is to provide...等信息,非常符合题干中account一词的含义。 Question 2 答案: C 关键词: global team 定位原文: C段最后一句“The International Institute of…” 解题思路:这句含义为“在世界卫生组织的建议下,国际噪声控制工程学会(I-INCE)成立了一个国际工作小组来”,这句话中international能够对应题干中的global, 而working party能够对应team。这是对应关系非常明显的一道题目。 Question 3 答案: B 关键词: hypothesis, reason, growth in classroom noise 定位原文: B段第3句“Nelson and Soil have also suggested...” 解题思路:在该段首句中就出现了classroom noise这个词,因此该段有可能就是本题的对应段落。在接下来的叙述Nelson and Soil have also suggested...中,suggest一词能够对应题干中的hypothesis 后一句中的This all amounts to heightened activity and noise levels,与题干中的one reason相对应 Question 4

剑桥雅思9阅读解析test1

Passage1 Question 1 答案: FALSE 关键词: Michael Faraday the first person 定位原文 : 第 2段第 2句“ His talent and devotion…” 他的老师 Thomas Hall发现了他在化学方面的天赋与热忱,鼓励其参加皇家学院著名科学家 Michael Faraday的一系列讲座。 解题思路 : 从这句话很容易看出, Thomas Hall是文中提到的第一个发现 Perkin 化学天赋的人,尽管文中没有用到 the first person 这样的确切说法,但是看完第二段就不难发现,这点的确是对的。因此,题中的说法与文中的事实相反。 Question 2 答案: NOT GIVEN 关键词: Michael Faraday, Royal College of Chemistry, suggested 定位原文:第 2段第 3句“ Those speeches fired…” Faraday的讲座进一步激发了这位年轻化学家的热情,在 1853年, 15岁的 Perkin 成功进入皇家化学学院学习。 解题思路:这句话仅仅告诉我们, Perkin 是在听了 Faraday 的讲座后,对化学的激情更加澎湃,进而考上了皇家化学学院, 而并没有提到 Faraday 与 Perkin 进行直接接触或沟通, 所以题目是对文章中出现的人和事的过分解读。 Question 3 答案: FALSE 关键词: employed, assistant, August Wilhelm Hofmann

定位原文:第 3段第 1、 2句“ At the time of Perkin’ s enrolment, the…” 在 Perkin 入学时,皇家化学学院的院长正是著名的德国化学家 August Wilhelm Hofmann。Perkin 的科学天赋很快引起了 Hofmann 的注意,不到两年他就成了 Hofmann 最年轻的助理。 解题思路:从这两句话中可以清晰地看出 Perkin 和 Hofmann 之间的关系,前者是后者最年轻的助理, 题目的说法和文中的陈述是直接抵触的。 Question 4 答案: TRUE 关键词: rich and famous, still young 对应原文:第 3段最后一句“ Not long after that, Perkin made…” 在这之后不久, Perkin 就取得一项能为他带来名誉和财富的科学突破。 解题思路:这里的“不久之后”,指的是 Perkin 成为 Hofmann 最年轻的助手之后,而成为助手是 Perkin 入学两年后的事情, 第二段最后专门提到 Perkin 入学时只有 15岁, 所以可以推测出 Perkin 作出这项发现时也就十八九岁。经过这样的推断可知,题目的说法完全可以成立。 Question 5 答案: NOT GIVEN 关键词: only, quinine, South America 定位原文:第 4段第 1句“ At the time, quinine …” 当时,奎宁是唯一可以治疗症疾的药物。这种药物是从原产自南美洲的金鸡纳树的树皮中提炼出来的…… 解题思路:如果误把第一句中的 only 和第二句话结合,就很容易得出和题目一样的错误结论。其实出题人的意图是说, 当时只有奎宁可以治疗疟疾 ; 而奎宁是从金

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