高考英语语法填空考点及解题技巧(真题分析)

英语高考语法填空考点及解题技巧（真题分析）

语法填空题考查考生在阅读理解基础上的语法运用能力。只要有扎实的英语基础知识并辅之以相应的解题技巧，考生就能拿到高分。

一、历年考点

高考语法填空题考查过的考点有：时态和语态、非谓语动词、助动词、形容词、副词、名词、冠词、代词、介词、连词、连接词、关系词、祈使句。

这些考点共涉及到《英语课程标准》中的19个语法项目，暂时在高考中没有考到的语法项目有：数词、省略、倒装、强调、虚拟语气。另外，动词中的情态动词以及除一般现在时、一般过去时和现在完成时外的时态目前均没有在高考中考查过。

二、解题技巧

1. 无提示词

这种形式考查的内容主要是冠词、介词、助动词、连词、关系词和固定结构等。因为没有提示词，所以考生需要根据一些固定结构、短文大意、上下文的逻辑关系及对一些长难句结构的分析来确定所填内容。

（1）考查冠词：主要考查冠词的基本用法及短语中的冠词。如：

The nursery team switches him every few days with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed, ________ other is with mum — she never suspects.

（2016全国卷I）解析：短语one ... the other ...意为“一个……另一个……”，符合题意，故填the。

（2）考查介词：主要考查介词的基本用法及短语中的介词。如：

Drinking my iced coffee I ran my fingers along the streets ________ the hotel to the opera hall.

（浙江2016）解析：此处意为“从……到……”，故填from。

（3）考查助动词：需要找出所缺成分并考虑时态。如：

Then the driver stood up and asked, “________ anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop?”

（2014新课标全国卷II）解析：由asked和问号可知引号中内容是个疑问句，同时分析句子结构可知设空处需填助动词，再由句中的last stop可知句中的谓语应用一般过去时，故填Did。

（4）考查连词：包括并列连词和从属连词。如：

I made my way backstage just ________ the great magician was putting on his top hat.

（浙江2016）解析：设空处引导状语从句，且此处意为“正当……时”，故填as / when。

（5）考查连接词：包括连接代词和连接副词。如：

It's amazing ________ often people say “If I can help just one ...”. 解析：设空处引导主语从句，且修饰often，故填how。

（6）考查关系词：关键在于分析句子结构并找出先行词。如：

... the ring ... was spread over the garden, ________ it remained until the carrot's leafy top accidentally sprouted (生长) through it.

（浙江2017）解析：设空处引导非限制性定语从句修饰先行词garden，且在从句中作地点状语，故填where。

（7）考查固定结构：包括固定短语和句型。如：

Pahlsson screamed ________ loudly that her daughter came running from the house. （浙江2017）

解析：分析句子结构可知，此处考查so ... that ... 句型，意为“如此……以致于……”。so修饰副词loudly。

2. 有提示词

这种考查形式主要考查词性转换、名词单复数变化、形容词或副词的比较级与最高级变化、动词的时态和语态（含主谓一致）以及动词的非谓语形式。这类题同样需先判断设空处在句中的功能，其次再确定该用什么形式。

（1）提示词是动词

动词的变化是语法填空题考查的重点之一。提示词为动词时可能考查谓语动词、非谓语动词或名词等。

a. 考查谓语动词时需考虑时态、语态、主谓一致等。如：

Steam engines ________ (use) to pull the carriages and it must have been ...

（2017全国卷II）解析：此处描述的是1863年伦敦地铁的情况，主语Steam engines是复数，且是谓语动词use所表示动作的承受者，故填were used。

b. 考查非谓语动词时需考虑用动词-ing形式、过去分词还是不定式，同时还要考虑非谓语动词的时态和语态。如：

【例1】My ambassadorial duties will include ________ (introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research centre ...

（2016全国卷I）解析：设空处作宾语，且表示多次重复发生的动作，故填introducing。【例2】Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal ________ (create) special designs.

（2016全国卷III）解析：workers与create之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，且此处表目的，故填to create。

c. 考查名词时需注意名词的数。如：

Magically, that show remains the Great Jason's best ________ (perform) to this day.

（浙江2016）解析：由the Great Jason's best可知设空处应填名词且意为“表演”，再根据that show remains可知应用单数形式，故填performance。

（2）提示词是形容词

此时可能考查提示词的反义词、副词、比较等级或名词等。

a. 考查提示词的反义词时需根据文章逻辑判断。如：

A person's weight is private, and making comments about it is definitely considered ________ (polite).

解析：由private（私密的）可知，评论别人的体重被认为是不礼貌的，故填impolite。

b. 考查副词时，设空处修饰动词、形容词或整个句子。如：

The title will be ________ (official) given to me at a ceremony in London.

（2016全国卷I）解析：设空处修饰谓语动词，故填副词officially。

c. 考查比较等级时，应考虑用比较级还是最高级。如：

If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify (识别) those of ________ (great) and less importance.

（2016全国卷II）解析：and连接并列成分，由and后的less可知应填great的比较级greater。此处意为“识别较重要的和不太重要的”。

d. 考查名词时，需注意名词的数。如：

In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ________ (able) to “air condition” a house without using electric equipment.

（2015全国卷II）解析：设空处意为“能力”，即不用电器就能调节室温的这一种能力，故填ability。

（3）提示词是副词

此时可能考查比较等级或其反义形式。如：

【例1】We've been describing New Zealand as a rock star in the sense that it has been doing ________ (well) than almost all of the other developed world economies over the past couple of years.

解析：由than可知此处需填比较级，且此处意为“做得更好”，故填well 的比较级better。

【例2】He was well hidden, but at last he was ________ (luckily) found. 解析：由well hidden和but可知，此处意为“不幸地被发现了”，故填unluckily。

（4）提示词是名词

此时可能考查名词的数或形容词。如：

a. 名词的数通常需要根据主语、谓语、定语等来判断。如：

【例1】This trend ... has had some unintended side ________ (effect) such as overweight and heart disease — the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.

（2017全国卷I）解析：由some及overweight and heart disease可知，“这个趋势有一些没有预料到的负作用”，故填effect的复数形式effects。

【例2】It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible ________ (crowd) on the roads above ...

（2017全国卷II）

解析：由形容词terrible和括号中的crowd可知，此处应填名词，意为“人群”；作此义项讲时crowd是可数名词，再结合句意可知应填其复数形式crowds。

b. 形容词通常作定语或表语。如：

As ________ (nature) architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly ...

（2015全国卷II）解析：设空处作定语修饰名词architects，故填natural（天生的）。

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高考英语语法填空题解题技巧与方法 内部编号：（YUUT-TBBY-MMUT-URRUY-UOOY-DBUYI-0128）

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