大学英语综合教程一全文及翻译

2020年大一上学期英语期末复习

Diary of a fresher

大一新生日记

Sunday

星期日

1 After a wearisome expedition by car from home, we arrive at my hall of residence, and I check in. The warden gives me a set of keys and a room number. My room is five floors up, and the lift has a sign on it, "Out of order". Finally, with my mother flushed and gasping for breath, we find Room 8, I unlock the door, and we all walk in.

1 从家里驱车经过一段疲惫的旅程才到达我住的宿舍楼。我进去登记。宿舍管理员给了我一串钥匙，并告诉了我房间号。我的房间在6楼，可电梯上写着“电梯已坏”。等我们终于找到8号房间的时候，妈妈已经涨红了脸，累得上气不接下气。我打开房门，我们都走了进去。

2 After one minute, my father climbs out. The room is barely big enough for one, and certainly not big enough for the whole family. I can stretch out full-length on the bed and touch three walls without moving a muscle.

2 但爸爸马上就从里面爬了出来。这个房间刚刚够一个人住，一家人都进去，肯定容不下。我躺在床上，把全身伸直，不动弹就可以碰到三面墙。

3 Lucky my brother and my dog didn't come too.

3 幸亏我哥哥和我的狗没有一起来。

4 Later. My parents have just left. I'm here alone, hemmed in by my books and a suitcase. What do I do next?

4 后来，爸爸妈妈就走了，只剩下我孤零零一个人，周围只有书和一个箱子。接下来我该做什么呢？Monday

星期一

5 There's a coffee morning for first-year students. I meet my tutor, a lofty man with sloping shoulders, who looks determined to be affable.

5 早上，有一个为一年级新生举办的咖啡早茶会。我见到了我的导师，他个子高高的，斜肩，好像打定了主意要平易近人。

6 "Have you come far?" He peers down at me. As he speaks, his head jerks wildly from side to side, which makes his coffee spill into the saucer.

6 “你是从很远的地方来的吗？” 他居高临下地看着我问道。他边说话边晃动脑袋，咖啡都洒到杯托里了。

7 "I live not far from Edinburgh, about six hours away," I explain.

7 “我家离爱丁堡不太远，开车大约6个小时，” 我说。

8 "Splendid!" he says, and moves on to the freshman standing beside me. "Have you come far?" he asks, "Splendid," he barks, without waiting for the answer, and moves on. He takes a sip of coffee, and looks thunderstruck to discover the cup is empty.

8 “好极了！” 他说，接着又转向站在我旁边的那个新生。“你是从很远的地方来的吗？” 他问。但不等那人作出任何回答，他就喊道，“好极了！” 然后就继续询问他人。他啜了一口咖啡，却惊讶地发现杯子是空的。

9 My mother calls. She enquires if I've met my tutor yet.

9 妈妈打来电话，问我是不是见到了导师。

Tuesday

星期二

10 Am feeling a bit peckish, and it occurs to me that I haven't eaten for two days. I go downstairs and stumble across the dining hall, where I can have three meals a day. I go down and join a lengthy file of people winding its way out into the open.

10 我觉得有点儿饿，这才意识到我已经两天没吃东西了。我下楼去，踉踉跄跄地到了餐厅，得知一日三餐可以在餐厅里吃。我走下去排队，那队伍像一条长龙弯弯曲曲一直排到了门外。

11 "What's for breakfast?" I ask the guy in front of me.

11 “早餐吃什么？” 我问前面的男生。

12 "No idea. I was too late for breakfast. This is for lunch."

12 “不知道。我来得太晚，没赶上早饭。这是午饭。”

13 It's self-service and today's menu includes chicken, rice, potatoes, salad, vegetables, cheese, yoghurt and fruit. The boy in front piles it all onto his plate , pays for it, and goes to sit down. I seem to have lost my appetite.

13 午饭是自助餐，今天的饭有鸡肉、米饭、土豆、沙拉、蔬菜、奶酪、酸奶和水果。前面的男生每样儿都取了一些放到托盘上，付了钱，坐下来吃。而我好像已经没胃口了。

14 My mother calls. She asks if I'm eating proper meals.

14 妈妈打电话来，问我有没有好好吃饭。

Wednesday

星期三

15 I have a lecture at 9 am. I wake up at 8.45. No one has woken me. Weird.

15 我早上9点钟有个讲座。我醒时已经8:45了。竟然没有人叫我起床。奇怪。

16 I pull on some clothes, and dash over to the lecture hall. I sit down beside a girl who looks half asleep. She inspects me. "Just got up?" she asks. How can she tell?

16 我穿好衣服，急匆匆地跑到大讲堂。我在一个睡眼惺忪的女生旁边坐下。她打量我一下，问：“刚起床？” 她是怎么看出来的？

17 The lecture takes an hour, and at the end I look at my notes. I can't read my handwriting.

17 讲座持续了1个小时。结束时我看了看笔记，我根本就看不清我写了些什么。

18 The girl's name is Sophie and she's an English literature major, like me. She looks frighteningly intelligent, and when we chat after the lecture, she tells me she read the whole of this term's reading list during her gap year . Sh e's a bit impressive, and I feel so ignorant … I don't even think I should breathe the same air as her.

18 那名女生名叫苏菲，和我一样，也是英语文学专业的学生。她看起来惊人地聪明。听完讲座后我们一起闲聊。她告诉我在间隔年里，她已经把这学期书单上的书全都读完了。她令人敬佩，我觉得自己太无知了，我甚至不配跟她呼吸同样的空气。

19 Mum calls. She asks if I slept OK.

19 妈妈打来电话，问我睡得好不好。

Thursday

星期四

20 It's the Freshers' Fair today, and Sophie and I go along to see how many clubs we can join. We concur that we want to make a lot of friends, so I sign up for ballroom dancing , the Artificial Intelligence Society, bell-ringing and the Extreme Sports Club. Sophie signs up for Amateur Dramatics and the Mozart choir. I wonder if Sophie and I are going to stay buddies.

20 今天有新生集会。我和苏菲跑去看我们能加入多少个俱乐部。我们俩都认为我们应该多结交朋友，所以我报名参加了交谊舞俱乐部、人工智能协会、手铃俱乐部和极限运动俱乐部。苏菲则报名参加了业余剧社和莫扎特合唱团。我不知道我和苏菲还能不能继续做好朋友。

21 Mum calls. My brother has tried to rent out my bedroom back home. Mum reassures me that it's mine for as long as I need it , that it's my home and that they miss me very much, especially the dog. I burst into

tears.

21 妈妈来电话了。她告诉我哥哥曾试图把家里我的卧室租出去。妈妈向我保证只要我需要，那永远是我的房间。她还说那是我的家，他们都非常想我，尤其是我的狗。我忍不住泪流满面。

Friday

星期五

22 In the morning, I go to the library. But it seems I need some form of identification and I don't have an ID card yet. For some reason, I also have to swear that I won't damage the books or break the library rules, and if I do, I'll be sent to prison. (What!? For speaking too loudly?) It seems that it's a very old library, and the university is inordinately proud of it.

22 早上我去了图书馆。可是好像我需要一个能证明我身份的证件才能进图书馆。可我现在还没有。出于某种原因，我还得发誓不会损坏书籍、不会违反图书馆的规定，否则我就要进监狱。（什么！？就因为大声说话吗？）图书馆看上去很古老，学校为此感到特别自豪。

23 Tonight is Club Night at the Students' Union, but I've run out of clean clothes. I'm not sure what happens to my dirty clothes after putting them in the clothes basket and before finding them clean, ironed and folded in my wardrobe. Maybe Mum will call soon.

23 今晚学生会举办“社团之夜”晚会，可我已经没有干净衣服穿了。我可不清楚把脏衣服扔进脏衣篮之后到它们干干净净、熨烫笔挺并叠好放进衣柜之前都发生了什么。也许妈妈快来电话了。

The first oyster

第一只牡蛎

1 "Here you are, try this, it's delicious," said my father, waving an oyster in front of my nose.

1 “来，尝尝这个，这个好吃，”我父亲一边说一边在我的鼻子前晃动着一只牡蛎。

2 I frowned. "I don't want to. I don't like it," I said.

2 我皱起眉头，说：“我不吃，我不喜欢吃这个。”

3 "Nonsense, how do you know you don't like it if you haven't tried it," he reasoned. "Just slide it into your mouth, and taste the Atlantic Ocean."

3 “胡说，你没尝过怎么知道不喜欢吃。”他跟我论理，“把它放进嘴里，品尝一下大西洋的味道。”

4 He's right, I thought, but sometimes you can also work out what you like just by looking at it. And to be frank, I thought the oyster looked rather nasty.

4 我想他说得对，可是有时候有些东西你只要看一眼就知道喜不喜欢。坦率地说，我觉得牡蛎看起来挺恶心的。

5 The restaurant was in a French seaside resort, and the waiter had already brought an enormous portion of seafood, crabs, prawns, lobsters and all sorts of shellfish clinging onto each other, as well as a bottle of white wine in a bucket of ice. My mother was busy shopping, and my father had decided to take me, his ten-year-old son, to lunch, and to mark an important event in my life, as important to my father as coming of age: my first oyster.

5 这座饭店坐落在法国一个海滨旅游胜地。这时侍者不仅端上了一客分量极大的海鲜——螃蟹、对虾、大龙虾及各种贝类都堆在一起，还拿来了一瓶放在冰篮子里的白葡萄酒。我母亲正忙着购物，于是我父亲就决定带我——他十岁的儿子——去吃午饭。他要让我体验生命里一件重要的事情，一件对我父亲来说与成年一样重要的事：我的第一只牡蛎。

6 What on earth must the first man to eat an oyster have been thinking about? I say "man" because surely no woman would be quite so foolish. "Well, I'm feeling a bit hungry, let's have a look in this rock pool ... yes, that looks pretty yummy to me!" Doesn't seem very likely. It sounds more like a schoolboy challenge. "Here,

you try this oyster, and I'll try this juicy bacon sandwich, and we'll see who has more fun!"

6 第一个吃牡蛎的男人到底是怎么想的呢？我说“男人”是因为女人肯定不会这么傻吧？“噢，我有点饿了，我们来瞧瞧这个石坑……嗯，我觉得它看起来挺好吃的！”好像不太可能。父亲的话听起来更像是男生式的挑战。“来，你尝尝这只牡蛎，我来尝尝这块油滋滋的咸肉三明治，让我们看看谁吃得更开心！”

7 Outside the skies were grey and a strong wind was blowing off the sea. It looked as gloomy as I felt. There was no hope left, the only feeling was hunger, and the only emotion was the fear of lost innocence as I realized there could be no escape from my first oyster.

7 外面，天空灰蒙蒙的，海面上刮来一阵强风。天气看起来和我的心情一样阴郁。没有希望，只感觉饿，只担心失去纯真，因为我意识到这第一只牡蛎我今天非吃不可了。

8 "Could I have some fish and chips?" I asked hopefully, suddenly feeling homesick for my favourite dish.

8 “我能吃炸鱼和薯条吗？”我满怀希望地问。我突然想吃我最爱吃的菜。

9 "Certainly not! They don't serve fish and chips here, only the very best seafood in the whole region. You won't taste anything finer anywhere for miles around," he replied, pouring himself another glass of wine. "Now, stop complaining, try one oyster for me, then you can have something nice and easy to eat, maybe some prawns with bread and butter," he suggested, striking a note of compromise for the first time during the whole meal.

9 “当然不行！他们这儿没有炸鱼和薯条，只有这地方最上等的海鲜，在这方圆几英里之内你找不到更好的海鲜了。”他边回答边给自己又倒了一杯酒。“好啦，别抱怨了，就给我尝一只牡蛎，然后你就可以吃些好吃、顺口的东西，比如对虾加黄油面包。”他提议说。整顿饭中，他的话中第一次有了妥协的意思。

10 But with the clear perception which only a ten-year-old boy can have, I still understood that the compromise included eating that oyster, sitting on the side of my father's plate.

10 但是，尽管清晰地感觉到了他的妥协——只有一个十岁的男孩才有这样的感觉，我仍然明白这妥协包含着吃掉那只牡蛎，那只放在我父亲的盘子边上的牡蛎。

11 My father continued to eat his way through the mountain of seafood. On his plate was a pile of discarded lobster claws, and alongside was a battery of implements used to crack the shells, and scrape out every last piece of meat. He paused every mouthful and raised his glass. Now and then he waved the oyster at me, teasing me to eat it, but saying nothing. I just looked at my empty plate in despair. I thought about the food which I most liked, my mother's home baking, and a silent tear slid down my cheek.

11 我父亲继续吃着那一堆海鲜。他盘子里放着一大堆被丢弃的龙虾爪，盘子边上放着一套工具，用来敲开蟹壳，剔出哪怕一丁点儿的蟹肉。他每吃一口就停一下，举杯喝一口酒。他时不时地在我眼前晃动着那只牡蛎，逗弄我吃了它，但却什么也没说。我只是绝望地看着我的空盘子。我想着我最爱吃的东西——我母亲做的点心，一滴泪静静地顺着面颊淌了下来。

12 Finally, my father picked up the oyster again, and I knew it was all over. I took it between a finger and thumb, and held it to my lips. "Suck it into your mouth. Hold it there, taste the salt and the sea, and then swallow. Then I'll get you something you like," he said. His voice was kinder now as he knew he had won. 12 终于，我父亲又拿起那只牡蛎，我知道这下全完了。我用拇指和另一只手指把牡蛎拈起来送到嘴边。父亲说：“把它吸进嘴里，先含着，尝尝盐和海水的味道，然后再咽下去。吃完了，我给你点你爱吃的东西。”他的语气更亲切了些，因为他知道他赢了。

13 I did as I was told. The oyster was slippery and the taste was unlike anything I had ever tasted before or since. My father watched me, half smiling as if to say, "What do you think?" As I swallowed, he raised his glass to me and said, "Cheers!" I had finally earned his love and respect.

13 我按照他说的吃掉了那只牡蛎。牡蛎滑溜溜的，那味道是我从未尝过的，打那以后也没再尝过。我父亲看着我，似笑非笑，好像在说：“怎么样？”我咽下去的时候，他举杯对我说：“干杯！”我终于赢得了他的爱和尊重。

14 But I never ate oysters again.

14 但从那以后，我再也没吃过牡蛎。

Thinking for yourself

独立思考

1 Thinking for yourself is still a radical act.

1 直到现在，独立思考仍然是一种激进的行为。

2 Thinking for yourself is not a popular activity, though it should be. Every step of real progress in our society has come from it. But in most circles, particularly in places that shape our lives – families, schools and most workplaces –thinking for yourself is regarded with suspicion. Some institutions thwart it on purpose. It can be seen as dangerous.

2 独立思考本该是一种普遍的行为，而事实却并非如此。我们社会的每一次重大进步都源于独立思考。然而，在大多数的生活圈子里，尤其是那些影响我们一生的地方——家庭、学校以及大部分工作场所——人们都对独立思考持怀疑态度。有些机构甚至故意压制独立思考。独立思考被视为是一件危险的事情。

3 I was reminded of this sad fact at a party when a fellow guest asked me the subject of a book I was planning to write. I told him that it was about how people can help each other to think for themselves. "Oh dear," he said, " I don't think much of that ; I much prefer people do as they're told." I later found out that he is the fourth-generation president of one of the largest oil companies.

3 在一次聚会上，当一位客人问起我酝酿中的一本书的主题时，我再次想起了这个令人悲哀的事实。我告诉他那本书谈论的话题是大家可以互相帮助，培养独立思考的能力。“天哪，”他说，“我不认为那有什么好，我更喜欢服从命令的人。”后来，我得知他是一家大公司的第四代掌门人，而那家公司是世界上最大的石油公司之一。

4 When was the last organizational vision statement you saw that included the words "… to develop ourselves into a model environment in which everyone at every level can think for themselves"? For that matter, when was the last time somebody asked you , "What do you really think, really?" and then waited for you to answer at length?

4 “在我们周围逐渐创建出一个模型环境，使各个层次的人都有独立思考的空间。”你最后一次看到包含上述字眼儿的机构愿景陈述是在什么时候？还有，上一次有人问你：“你能跟我说真心话吗，真心话？”然后等着你做出翔实、充分的回答是在什么时候？

5 This dearth should not surprise us. Hardly anyone has been encouraged, much less trained, to think for themselves, and their teachers and parents and bosses weren't either. And neither were theirs. ( We may have learned to revere thinkers like Socrates, but we also learned that the state poisoned him for thinking for himself: not unmitigated encouragement. )

5 缺乏独立思考并不奇怪。很少有人被鼓励去进行独立思考，更谈不上接受相关的训练。他们的老师、父母和老板也是如此。而且老师、父母和老板的老师、父母和老板也是如此。（我们可能早就知道应该尊敬像苏格拉底那样的思想家，可是我们也知道，因为独立思考，他所在的城邦毒死了他。这可绝不是给予他的毫无保留的鼓励。）

6 Occasionally, however, we do have a teacher or mentor who truly wants us to develop our own thinking. They give us glimpses. When I was 13 years old, I was put into an advanced algebra course. On the first day the teacher, who was maligned by students as a hard teacher because she tried to get them to think, stood in front of the blackboard and said, "On the paper in front of you write the sum of a number."

6 可是，我们偶尔也会遇到真心想培养我们独立思考的老师或导师。他们让我们对独立思考的重要性有了浅略的认识。13岁时，我上了一门高级代数课。授课的老师由于要求学生思考而背上了难缠的恶名。第一天上课时，老师站在黑板前面说：“在你们面前的纸上写出一个数字的和。”

7 The entire class of 35 pubescent people just stared at her. She repeated the direction, "Write the sum of a number."

7 全班35个少男少女全都瞪大了眼睛看着她。她重复了一遍指令：“写出一个数字的和。”

8 I remember my hand gathering sweat around the pencil. A few heads looked down and their pencils started up. I wondered what in the world they were writing. I saw the girl across the aisle from me lean forward and peer over the shoulder of the boy in front of her who was scribbling something. Then she scratched a figure and immediately covered it with her hand.

8 我记得我握着铅笔的手出汗了。有些人低下了头，握着手中的铅笔开始写了起来。我真不知道他们到底在写什么。我看见过道对面跟我坐同一排的那个女生向前探出身子，看看前面那个正胡乱写字的男生都写了些什么。然后她飞快地写下了一个数字，并且马上用手盖住了。

9 The teacher paced and rubbed the chalk between her fingers. I wondered what she was about to put on the board. I was now the only one not writing. I leaned back and over my left shoulder whispered to my friend, "What is it?"

9 老师来回踱着步，手里碾着粉笔。我不知道她将在黑板上写什么。这会儿，就剩下我一个人还什么都没写。我往后一靠，向左侧过脸，悄悄地问我的朋友：“答案是什么？”

10 "Seven," she whispered back.

10 “7，”她悄声说。

11 So I wrote "7" on my paper. I kept my head down, hoping I looked busy and confident.

11 于是，我在纸上写下了“7”。我一直低着头，想让自己看上去既忙着做题，又信心百倍。

12 After the agony among us had become tactile , the teacher asked us for our answers. The number 7 was prevalent. She walked slowly over to the board and wrote: " There is no such thing as the sum of a number. "

12 在明显地感觉到我们的苦恼之后，老师问我们答案是什么。大部分人都说是“7”。她慢慢地走到黑板前写道：“根本就不存在一个数字的和。”

13 I knew that.

13 我知道是这样的。

14 Why didn't you write it?

14 那你为什么不这么写呢？

15 Sarah said it was 7.

15 萨拉说是“7”。

16 Why did you ask her?

16 你为什么要问她？

17 Because – I don't know.

17 因为——我不知道。

18 That's right. From now on, think for yourself.

18 这就对了，从现在开始，要独立思考。

19 I was too scared around that teacher for the rest of my young life to think very well in her presence. But

I took the message with me and gradually examined and valued it. I don't recommend humiliating people into thinking for themselves as she had. She certainly did not create a Thinking Environment for us. Had she affirmed our intelligence first and spoken about the joy of thinking for ourselves, had she not fanned our fear of her, we would all have learned even more powerfully what it meant to do our own thinking. And we might have been able to think well around her too.

19 在后来的青葱岁月里，我一见到这位老师就害怕。在她面前，我根本就无法好好地思考。但是，我记住了她的教诲，并且渐渐地开始审视它、珍视它。我并不是劝大家像她那样，用羞辱别人的办法去教他们独立思考。她当然没有给我们创造一个思考的环境。要是她一开始就肯定我们的聪明才智，给我们讲讲独立思考的乐趣，要是她没有激起我们对她的畏惧，我们大家就能更深切地体会到独立思考的意义。而且，我们在她面前也会更好地开动脑筋、思考问题。

20 But at least she introduced the concept into my academic life.

20 但至少，她把独立思考的概念引入了我的学术生活。

The pickle jar

爸爸的泡菜坛

1 As far back as I can remember, the large pickle jar sat on the floor beside the dresser in my parents' bedroom. When he got ready for bed, Dad would empty his pockets and toss his coins into the jar. As a small boy I was always fascinated at the sounds the coins made as they were dropped into the jar. They landed with a merry jingle when the jar was almost empty. Then the tones gradually muted to a dull thud as the jar was filled. I used to squat on the floor in front of the jar and admire the copper and silver circles that glinted like a pirate's treasure when the sun poured through the bedroom window.

1 自从我记事起，那个大大的泡菜坛就放在父母卧室的橱柜旁边的地板上。每当准备上床睡觉的时候，爸爸都会把他的衣兜倒空，将兜里的硬币投进坛子里。小时候，我对那些硬币落在坛子里发出的声响总是很着迷。当坛子几乎还是空着的时候，硬币落进去时发出的是欢快的叮当声。等到坛子快要装满的时候，叮当声便渐渐变成了沉闷的砰砰声。每当太阳透过卧室的窗户照进来的时候，坛子里圆圆的铜币和银币会像海盗的珍宝一样闪闪发光，而我便蹲在坛子前的地板上欣赏它们。

2 When the jar was filled, Dad would sit at the kitchen table and roll the coins before taking them to the bank. Taking the coins to the bank was always a big production. Stacked neatly in a small cardboard box, the coins were placed between Dad and me on the seat of his old truck. Each and every time, as we drove to the bank , Dad would look at me hopefully. " Those coins are going to keep you out of the textile mill, son. You're going to do better than me. This old mill town's not going to hold you back." Also, each and every time, as he slid the box of rolled coins across the counter at the bank towards the cashier, he would grin proudly. "These are for my son's college fund. He'll never work at the mill all his life like me."

2 坛子装满后，爸爸会坐在厨房的餐桌旁，将那些硬币用纸卷起来，然后再拿到银行去把它们存起来。把硬币存入银行可是件大事。那些硬币整整齐齐地码在一个小纸盒里，放在爸爸那辆旧卡车的车座上，在我和爸爸之间。每一次，在我们开车去银行的路上，爸爸都满怀希望地看着我，对我说：“那些硬币会让你远离纺织厂的，儿子。你会比我强。这个古老的纺织城镇是留不住你的。”每一次，当他把那盒卷好的硬币推过银行柜台交给收银员时，他都会骄傲地咧着嘴笑个不停。“这些钱是我儿子将来上大学的基金，他绝不会像我一样在纺织厂干一辈子的。”

3 We would always celebrate each deposit by stopping for an ice-cream cone. I always got chocolate. Dad always got vanilla. When the clerk at the ice-cream parlor handed Dad his change, he would show me the few coins nestled in his palm. "When we get home, we'll start filling the jar again."

3 每次存完钱，我们都会买两个蛋筒冰淇淋庆贺一下。我的那一份总是巧克力味的，而爸爸的总是香草味的。当冷饮店的服务员把找回的零钱递给爸爸时，他总会把那几个硬币摊在手心里给我瞧，“回家以后，我们就又要开始往坛子里存硬币了。”

4 He always let me drop the first coins into the empty jar. As they rattled around with a brief, happy jingle, we grinned at each other. " You'll get to college on pennies, nickels, dimes and quarters, " he said. "But you'll get there. I'll see to that. "

4 他总是让我把第一把硬币投进空空的坛子里。当它们发出清脆欢快的叮当声时，我们就相对咧嘴一笑。“你上大学就要靠这些1分、5分、10分和25分的硬币了，”他说，“不过，你会上大学的，我一定会让你上大学的。”

5 The years passed, and I finished college and took a job in another town. Once, while visiting my parents, I used the phone in their bedroom, and noticed that the pickle jar was gone. It had served its purpose and had been removed. A lump rose in my throat as I stared at the spot beside the dresser where the jar had always stood. My dad was a man of few words, and never lectured me on the values of determination, perseverance, and faith. The pickle jar had taught me all these virtues far more eloquently than the most flowery of words could have done.

5 许多年过去了，我完成了大学学业，在另一座城镇找到了工作。有一次，我去看望父母。我到他们的卧室打电话，注意到那个泡菜坛不见了。它已经完成了使命，被移走了。我凝视着橱柜旁那个放过泡菜坛的地方，心潮起伏，不由得一阵哽咽。爸爸是一个沉默寡言的人，从来没有对我讲过决心、毅力和信仰等的重要性。但是这个泡菜坛却教给了我这些品德，它的说服力远远胜过华丽的词藻。

6 When I married, I told my wife Susan about the significant part the lowly pickle jar had played in my life as a boy. In my mind, it defined, more than anything else, how much my dad had loved me. No matter how rough things got at home, Dad continued to doggedly drop his coins into the jar. Even the summer when Dad got laid off from the mill , and Mama had to serve dried beans several times a week, not a single dime was taken from the jar. To the contrary, as Dad looked across the table at me, pouring catsup over my beans to make them more palatable, he became more determined than ever to make a way out for me. "When you finish college, son," he told me, his eyes glistening, "you'll never have to eat beans again unless you want to."

6 结婚以后，我跟妻子苏珊说起这个不起眼的泡菜坛在我的童年生活中扮演的重要角色。在我看来，它比任何一件事都更充分地体现了爸爸对我的爱。不管家里的日子多么艰难，爸爸总是坚持不懈地往那个坛子里扔硬币。甚至在爸爸被工厂解雇的那个夏天，妈妈不得不每星期做上几顿干豆子，可他们却没有从那个坛子里拿出过一分钱。相反，爸爸为我寻找出路的决心反而比任何时候都更加坚定。他看着坐在餐桌对面的我，把番茄酱倒在我的豆子上，让它们吃起来味道更好些。“大学毕业后，儿子，”他对我说，眼睛里闪着光，“你再也不必吃豆子了，除非你自己想吃。”

7 The first Christmas after our daughter Jessica was born, we spent the holiday with my parents. After dinner, Mom and Dad sat next to each other on the sofa, taking turns cuddling their first grandchild. Jessica began to whimper softly, and Susan took her from Dad's arms. " She probably needs to be changed ," she said, carrying the baby into my parents' bedroom to diaper her.

7 我的女儿杰西卡出生后的第一个圣诞节，我们一家与父母一起过节。吃过晚饭后，妈妈和爸爸挨着坐在沙发上，轮流抱他们的第一个孙女。后来，杰西卡开始轻声地哭起来，苏珊便从爸爸的怀里接过她。“大概要换尿布了，”她说着，就抱着孩子到父母的卧室里去了。

8 When Susan came back into the living room, there was a strange mist in her eyes. She handed Jessica back to Dad before taking my hand and quietly leading me into the room. "Look," she said softly, her eyes directing me to a spot on the floor beside the dresser. To my amazement, there , as if it had never been removed, stood the old pickle jar, the bottom already covered with coins.

8 苏珊回到客厅后，眼睛令人奇怪地有些潮湿。她把杰西卡递给爸爸，然后拉着我的手，一言不发地将我领进卧室。“你瞧，”她轻轻地说，我顺着她的目光向橱柜旁边的地板上看去。令我感到惊讶的是，那儿放着那个旧泡菜坛，坛底已经铺满了硬币，就好像从来不曾被拿走过。

9 I walked over to the pickle jar, dug down into my pocket, and pulled out a fistful of coins. With a gamut of emotions choking me , I dropped the coins into the jar. I looked up and saw that Dad, carrying Jessica, had slipped quietly into the room. Our eyes locked, and I knew he was feeling the same emotions I felt. Neither one of us could speak.

9 我走近泡菜坛，把手伸进口袋，掏出了一把硬币。我百感交集，默默地把硬币投进坛子里。我抬起头来，看见爸爸抱着杰西卡悄悄地走进了卧室。我们四目相对，我知道他此时的心情和我完全一样。我们都激动得说不出话来。

The armchair traveller

坐在扶手椅上的旅行者

1 George lived on his own in a flat in south London. He lived alone by choice, because he felt overwhelmed by the stupidity of people and ugliness of his surroundings. As we all know, London is not a beautiful city today, and the climate is unpleasant. For George, the city was like an over-familiar elderly lady, who in the right light, reminded him of her past beauty, but who had lately become rather tiresome.

1 乔治独自一人住在伦敦南部的一套公寓里。他是自己选择独居的，因为他简直不能忍受别人的愚蠢行为和丑陋的周边环境。我们都知道，如今伦敦已不再是个美丽的城市了，而且气候也不宜人。对乔治来说，伦敦这座城市就像一个他熟悉得不能再熟悉的老太太，年事已高，只有从适当的角度看，才能让他想起她昔日的美貌，可最近却让人厌倦了。

2 His lifestyle was modest and his financial circumstances allowed him to spend his days in an old and comfortable armchair, wearing a dressing gown and reading great works of literature. Despite his cynical and pessimistic nature, he especially enjoyed the classic works of travel writing, so that from the deep warmth of his armchair, he could travel in his mind to the farthest reaches of the world.

2 他的生活很简朴，经济状况也还可以。他可以穿着睡袍，终日坐在一张古老又舒适的扶椅里，阅读文学名著。尽管他愤世嫉俗、悲观厌世，但他却特别爱阅读经典游记。这样，即便是舒舒服服地坐在温暖的扶手椅上，他也可以神游到天涯海角。

3 One morning, he was browsing through a book by Marcel Pagnol , whose visions of Provence in southern France have inspired several generations. Set against the dramatic background of, on the one side, the low mountains of the Alps , and on the other, by the deep blue of the Mediterranean Sea , Provence has a tradition of farming and local crafts. To Pagnol, it was a rural and conservative region, with an instinct not to trust strangers.

3 一天早上，他翻看着马塞尔•帕尼奥尔写的一本书。帕尼奥尔记述的有关法国南部地区普罗旺斯的见闻曾经鼓舞了几代人。普罗旺斯自然环境引人入胜，它背靠阿尔卑斯山低缓的丘陵，面朝地中海蔚蓝清澈的海水，有着悠久的农耕和民间手工艺传统。在帕尼奥尔看来，普罗旺斯地区既富有乡村特色又很保守，天生就不太信任陌生人。

4 But George also knew, through his reading elsewhere, that Provence was a place which attracted the rich and the artistic. It was home to painters such as Picasso, Cézanne and Van Gogh, to writers such as Graham Greene, Ernest Hemingway and Émile Zola, and to actors such as Roger Vadim and Brigitte Bardot. The beaches of St Tropez, the Film Festival at Cannes, the restaurants in Grasse and the hotels in Nice all created a vision of unimaginable glamour.

4 不过，乔治从别的书中也得知，普罗旺斯是一个对富人和艺术家都很有吸引力的地方。很多名人都在此居住过，如画家毕加索、赛尚和凡•高，作家格雷厄姆•格林、欧内斯特•海明威、埃米尔•左拉，演员罗杰•瓦迪姆和碧姬•巴铎。圣特罗佩的海滩、戛纳的电影节、格拉斯的餐馆以及尼斯的大饭店都给普罗旺斯增添了令人难以想象的魅力。

5 But was it so unimaginable? As he continued to read, he became increasingly keen to see Provence for himself. Unable to contain his curiosity, he got dressed and went to a travel agency. After some hurried discussion, he understood that he only needed to take himself to the station to board a train which would take him directly to Avignon, in the heart of Provence.

5 然而，真的是那么难以想象吗？乔治越往下读，就越急切地想要亲眼去见识一下普罗旺斯。他难以抑制强烈的好奇心，于是换上衣服就去了旅行社。经过一番仓促的讨论，他得知他只要自己到火车站，就可乘坐火车直达普罗旺斯的中心——阿维尼翁。

6 Such was his astonishment that a journey, so rich in ideas, colours and impressions, could be made with such little effort, a train ride of a mere six hours, that he went straight to the station, bought a ticket and

booked a seat.

6 令他感到惊奇的是，这趟激起他无尽遐思、色彩缤纷、让他充满想法的旅行，只要坐6个小时的火车就能轻而易举地实现。于是，他直奔火车站，买了张票，订好了座位。

7 It was early, and George had time to spare before the train left. Near by the station was a French restaurant offering customers meals full of the Mediterranean, fresh fish straight from the market, cheese, wine, olives, herbs and fruit and vegetables coloured with the sun. He chose a table by the window, and ordered a meal the like of which he would have found in the Old Port of Marseille.

7 乔治到火车站时时间尚早，离开车还有一段时间。火车站旁有个法国餐馆，为顾客提供具有浓郁地中海风情的食物：从市场直接买回的鲜鱼、奶酪、葡萄酒、橄榄、香草，还有吸收了大量阳光、色彩鲜艳的水果和蔬菜。他挑了一张靠窗的桌子坐下，要了一份可能在马赛古港才能吃到的饭菜。

8 But as the departure time approached, George gradually became tired, partly because of the effects of the large meal, but partly because he realized that it would be very tiring to make the journey. He sensed that he would have to hurry along the platform, search for his reserved seat, push his way through the crowds of other travellers, and remain uncomfortably seated – at least in comparison with his armchair at home – for six long hours. And when he arrived, he would have to find a hotel, sleep in an unfamiliar bed, and look for the sights, sounds and smells which his dreams had already been so effective in describing to him. Was it really necessary to go to Provence? In his imagination, wasn't he already there? Surely it would be disappointing if his vision was not matched by the reality, at the very least? Wouldn't it be simpler, safer just to stay here at home in London?

8 可是，随着出发的时间慢慢临近，乔治渐渐感到疲倦了，部分原因是刚才那顿大餐使他有些困倦，还有就是他意识到这趟旅行可能会很累人。他感觉到他得急急忙忙地穿过月台找到他订好的座位，在熙熙攘攘的旅客中挤来挤去，还得很不舒服地在那儿坐上6个小时——至少，和他在家坐在扶手椅上比是这样。等他到站下了车，他还得找旅馆，在陌生的床上睡觉，四处寻找那些在他的梦想中已经熟悉的风景名胜、声音和气味。真有必要到普罗旺斯去一趟吗？在他的想象中，他不是已经去过了吗？如果他看到的实景和他想象的不一样，那他起码肯定会感到失望的吧？就呆在伦敦的家里不是更简便、更安全吗？

9 George was suddenly struck by the realization that as a stranger, he would never experience the warmth and colours of his mind. Perhaps the Provence of Pagnol, like elsewhere in the world, might be the reality. Perhaps it was just a nuisance to travel abroad at all?

9 乔治突然意识到，作为一个陌生人，他永远也不可能体验到他想象中的融融暖意和缤纷色彩。也许，帕尼奥尔笔下的普罗旺斯才是真实的，就像世界上其他地方一样。也许出国旅行根本就是件麻烦事？

10 So George paid the restaurant bill, got the bus back to his south London flat, and resolved never to leave home again.

10 所以，乔治付了餐费，乘公共汽车又回到了他位于伦敦南区的寓所，并且决定以后再也不离开家了。

Quitters are winners, bulldogs are losers

“懦夫”胜，“硬汉”败

1 "If at first you don't succeed, try, try again," said the pessimistic comedian, W. C. Fields, "then quit. There's no point in being a damn fool about it. "

1 “如果一开始你没有成功，那就试试，再试一次。”悲观主义喜剧演员W. C. 菲尔兹说，“如果第二次又没成功的话，就放弃。在这件事上，没必要当该死的傻瓜。”

2 Well, yes, up to a point, but we all know that there's a right and a wrong time to quit. According to new research, people who know when to give up on unattainable goals, the so-called "quitters", are physically and mentally healthier than " bulldogs " who persist at any cost.

2 是啊，在一定程度上他是对的，但我们都知道放弃的时机也分对错。根据一项新的研究成果，知道什么时候放弃无法实现的目标的人，也就是所谓的“懦夫”，在生理和心理方面要比不惜一切代价坚持下去的“硬汉”健康。

3 Since the Founding Fathers arrived in America, our children have been bombarded with messages about the value of determination in the face of adversity. This never-say-die spirit is best represented by the 19th-century maxim, "If at first you don't succeed, try, try again." But are there times when it's simply better to give up?

3 自从开国元勋们来到美国，我们的孩子们就一直受到各种信息的轰炸，强调逆境面前要坚定的重要性。19世纪的格言“如果一开始你没有成功，那就试试，再试一次”充分体现了这种永不言败的精神。但是，是不是有的时候放弃会更好呢？

4 Psychologists have been studying this question and specifically, the possible link between persistence and health. On the one hand, it seems that persistence increases the chance you'll succeed in the long term , and that personal success is closely linked to well-being. Think of successful people you know personally, and look back over their lives. Have they always been clear about where they're going in their lives, and now that they have arrived, are they happy and healthy? Some are, perhaps.

4 心理学家一直在研究这个问题，尤其是坚持不懈和健康之间可能存在的关系。一方面，从长远角度看，坚持不懈似乎增加了你成功的机会，而个人的成功和个人的幸福是密切相关的。想一想你认识的成功人士，回顾一下他们的人生。他们始终都清楚自己的人生方向吗？既然他们已经成功了，那么他们幸福健康吗？或许，有些人是的。

5 But what if success is extremely unlikely? For example, like an average athlete becoming an Olympic gold medalist? Can being too persistent have a negative effect on your health?

5 但是，如果成功无望的话，该怎么办呢？例如，一名普通运动员想成为奥运金牌的获得者。过于坚持是否会对你的健康不利？

6 In a series of psychological experiments, scientists Gregory Miller and Carsten Wrosch developed a way of distinguishing between Bulldogs and Quitters. The results showed that Quitters are generally healthier than Bulldogs. Gregory and Carsten looked at relatively minor ailments, such as indigestion and skin disorders, poor sleep and headaches, and discovered that Quitters suffered less than Bulldogs. Furthermore, Bulldogs suffered much more from long periods of stress, during which they had a higher level of a particular protein which indicates a form of inflammation linked to several serious diseases, including killers like diabetes and heart disease.

6 在一系列的心理学实验中，科学家格雷戈里•米勒和卡斯滕•罗奇找到了区分“硬汉”和“懦夫”的方法。研究结果表明“懦夫”普遍比“硬汉”要健康。格雷戈里和卡斯滕研究了相对轻微的疾病，如消化不良、皮肤病、睡眠不好和头痛，发现“懦夫”遭受的痛苦要比“硬汉”少。另外，在长期的压力下，“硬汉”得病的几率要大得多。在此期间，他们体内某种蛋白质的含量会更高。这表明其患有炎症，而这种炎症能够导致多种严重疾病，包括糖尿病和心脏病等致命疾病。

7 The research also indicated that accepting defeat allows the Quitters to look forward and set themselves new goals in life. Bulldogs are more likely to look back, and their reluctance to admit defeat means that they're less able to protect themselves from the emotional consequences of failure.

7 研究还表明，接受失败使“懦夫”能够向前看，设定新的人生目标。“硬汉”更容易回顾过去的事情，而且他们不愿意接受失败，这也意味着他们不大有能力保护自己免受失败所带来的情绪影响。

8 So why do Bulldogs finally say, "Enough is enough"? In fact, it appears that their physical recovery comes through melancholy , or mild depression. Some go through a period of passivity, during which they shut down. But on the positive side, they're forced to stop and reassess their lives. Gradually they become more realistic about the world. In evolutionary terms, psychologists think that depression is what tells our bodies to slow down, to analyze the situation and to be cautious. Melancholy can actually help most of us to give up on the Olympic gold medal and preserve the human species.

8 那么，为什么“硬汉”最后要说“真是受够了”呢？事实上，似乎正是因为经历了消沉或轻度抑郁，他们得到了身体上的康复。一些人会经历一段时间的消极被动，自我封闭。但是从积极的方面来说，他们被迫停下来，重新评估自己的生活。渐渐地，他们对世界的看法会变得更加现实。从进化的角度讲，心理学家们认为抑郁会告诉我们的身体要放慢速度，要分析形势，要小心谨慎。忧愁实际上可以帮助我们中的大多数人放弃奥运金牌的念头，使人类得以生存。

9 It's important to set oneself goals. For young people, it's part of creating an individual identity in the world. But as we grow older, we adjust these aspirations or abandon them when we find that either we cannot achieve them or other more important targets attract us. We abandon our plans for a glorious career because we feel the demands of our young family are more important. We choose not to continue our studies because we need to earn a living. We find other objectives in our lives, which are more appropriate to our circumstances. So while we may grow out of our dreams, at the same time, we grow up.

9 为自己设定目标是很重要的。对年轻人来说，这是在世上创立个人身份时要做的一件事。但是随着年龄的增长，当我们发现自己无法实现这些志向，或者发现另外一些吸引我们的更重要的目标时，我们会调整或者放弃这些志向。我们会放弃对一项辉煌职业的计划，因为我们觉得满足新建家庭的需求更为重要。我们会选择放弃学业，因为我们需要谋生。我们发现其他更适合自己境况的人生目标。因此，在我们放弃梦想的同时，我们成长了。

10 Maybe we should rewrite the maxim. How about "If at first you don't succeed, try, try again. But if you don't succeed, you don't always fail. Listen to your body and your mind. That's where you'll find your success as a human being. That's where the survival of the species lies."?

10 也许，我们应该重写那句格言。能否改成以下这样？“如果一开始你没有成功，那就试试，再试一次。但是即使你没有成功，你也不会永远失败的。听从自己的身体和心灵，那是你作为一个人可以发现自我成功的地方，那是人类赖以生存的地方。”

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