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翻译笔记整理(大二)

翻译笔记整理(大二)
翻译笔记整理(大二)

翻译笔记整理

以下是我从大二以来利用课余时间从《综合教程》,《泛读教程》,《新编英语语法教程》,视听说,《Time 单挑1000》,《呼啸山庄》,《高级阅读教程》,《高级口译教程》,《英语修辞学》,《汉译英词语手册》,《英译中国现代散文选(一)》,《The Economist》等书里积累的英汉互译的短语和句子(适合笔译),以红体字部分为主;由于时间仓促,故不能做到很好的分类,而且有些句子的翻译未必是最佳的,套路式的译法,所以在具体语境和语体中应该灵活的使用这些地道表达。如有错误还请热心读者踊跃指出,谢谢!(备注:此博文会不断更新,直到全部整理完为止)

1.在热带地区夜幕降临迅速。

Darkness falls quickly in the tropics.

2.这封信既无热情又无感情。

The letter was devoid of warmth and feeling.

3.一想到吃肉她就想吐。

The idea of eating meat was repugnant to her.

4.日益严重的污染对当地人民的健康构成了重大威胁。

Growing levels of pollution represent a serious health hazard to the local population.

5.当这个年轻人听到他的朋友打算去城市这个消息时,他不假思索地决定陪伴他。

When the young man heard that his friend was going to the city, he decided, on the spur of the moment, to accompany him.

6.他运气好,几乎立刻找到了工作。

By a stroke of fortune, he found work almost immediately.

7.由于天气很冷,我的腿又不好,我已经好几个星期没有出门了。

What with the cold weather and my bad leg, I haven't been out for weeks.

8.尽管国际上明令禁止,核试验又在进行了。

Nuclear testing was resumed in defiance of an international ban.(这句话中的“尽管”没有简单地译成although,而是用in defiance of 很好的避免句式单一)

9.她依旧憋着一肚子的怨恨。

She was still simmering with resentment.【simmer:充满(难以控制的感情,尤指愤怒)】10.这个节目使我们难得地认识到伟大艺术家工作时的情况。

The programme gives us a rare glimpse of a great artist at work.

11.公司在过去的三年中遭受了巨大损失。

The company has incurred huge losses over the past 3 years.

12.答应我,别告发我!

Promise not to tell on me!【tell on: 告发;打...的小报告;告...的状】

13.他溺爱他的孩子。

He dotes on his children.

14.就像没有了灵魂的躯体不能称之为人一样,没有爱情的家庭不能称之为爱情。

A family without love is no more than a body without soul.

15.陪审团裁决他谋杀罪不成立。

The jury acquitted him of murder.

17.如今找工作很难。

Jobs are hard to come by these days.(come by:设法得到或获得)

18.她把钱全亏光时,决意佯装若无其事。

When she lost all her money, she was determined to keep up appearance.

19.新政策尽管受到强烈的批评,但还是被采用了。

The new policy was adopted in the teeth of fierce criticism.(与8异曲同工)

20.这些结论与证据完全相悖。

These conclusions are totally at variance with the evidence.(at variance with:看法不一;矛盾;冲突).

21.一个民族必须掌握自己的命运,而不应该任凭命运的摆布。

A nation must be master of themselves instead of living at the mercy of fate.

22.在巴黎,法国从对爱尔兰的胜利中挽回了一些面子。

France salvaged some pride with a victory over Ireland in Paris.(salvage your pride:挽回尊严)

23.他得绞尽脑汁地处理各种有关腐败的指控。

He has had to wrestle with accusations of corruption.

24.这些数据是通过多次研究收集得来的。

These figures have been gleaned from a number of studies.

25.我倒一直很喜欢我过去的数学老师。

I've always had a soft spot for my old maths teacher.(have a soft spot for sth:偏爱,常指他人不喜欢的人或物)

26.两名登山者因冻僵被带了进来。

Two climbers were brought in suffering from exposure.(exposure:挨冻;受寒)

27.朝南的房子:a house with a southern exposure.

28.门砰的一声关上了。

The door swing shut with a loud bang.

29.最近的丑闻可能使他们失去民众的支持。

The latest scandal could swing popular support away from them.

30.赚的越多,缴的税也越多,所以有得必有失。

If you earn more, you pay more in tax, so it's all swings and roundabouts.

31.他们必须出席。

It was incumbent on them to attend.(incumbent upon/on sb:有责任,必须履行)

32.两支实力不相上下(势均力敌)的球队使得这场比赛显得很具观赏性。

Two well-matched teams made this an entertaining game.

33.伤口进行了包扎止血。

The cut was bandaged to stem the bleeding.

34.琼深吸了一口气,想忍住不让泪水流下来。

Joan breathed in deeply, trying to stem/fight back tears.

35.这次面试使得他的精神高度紧张。

The interview reduced him to a nervous wreck.

36.公主是以慈善机构监护人的身份到场的。

The princess was there in her capacity as patron of the charity.(in her capacity as,以...身份;职责)

37.该医院的疏忽行为负有法律责任。

The hospital was held liable for negligence.

38.那座桥随时可能坍塌下来。

The bridge is liable to collapse at any moment.

39.树木在微风中发出沙沙声。

The sound of the trees rustled in the breeze.

40.那只不过是吓唬吓唬而已。

It was just an idle threat.(idle threat=not serious)

41.群山融入背后昏暗的天色之中。

The hills merged into the dark sky behind him.

42.这批评纯属冤枉人。

The criticism was totally undeserved.

43.他难于共事的名声是名不副实的。

He has an undeserved reputation for being difficult to work with.

44.来自全国的失业群众列队向首都进发。

Groups of unemployed people from all over the country marched in procession to the capital. 45.以低价买进高价卖出。

Buy for a song and sell at a good profit.

46.他要是以为那事很容易,那就是自欺欺人。

He's deluding himself if he thinks it's going to be easy.

47.我们不愿意在安全标准问题上放松。

We are not prepared to compromise on safety standards.(这里的“放松”实际上是指“妥协”的意思)

48.这部小说的成功带来了一系列的续篇。

The novel's success gave rise to a number of sequels.

49.果实累累的树木。

Trees heavily laden with fruit.

50.这是他对他教授的作品一味模仿。

It was a slavish imitation of his professor's work.

51.大家爆发出阵阵大笑。

Everyone collapsed in fits of laughter.

52.她狂怒之下摔碎了盘子。

She smashed the plate in a fit of rage.

53.她对我张口借更多的钱觉得不好意思。

She felt awkward about asking to borrow more money.

54.首都在最近的洪灾中受灾最重。

It was the capital that bore the brunt of the recent flooding.(bear/take the brunt of sth:承受某事主要的压力;首当其冲)

55.他年仅23岁时就首次当选。

He was first elected at the tender age of 23.

56.她小小年纪涉世未深,实在无须处理这样的问题。

She souldn't be having to deal with problems like this at such a tender age.

57.我昨天晚上遇见他真倒霉。

I had the dubious pleasure of meeting him last night.

58.她成为英国最后一个受绞刑的女子,这或许也算得上是荣幸之至吧。

She had the dubious honour of being the last woman to be hanged in England(=it was not an honour at all).

59.一群青年冲到了门外。

A group of youths exploded out of the door.

60.食品价格在11月份上涨了0.2%。

Food prices edged up by 0.2% in November.【edge:略为增加(或减少)】

61.打击某人的信心/自满情绪;打破某人的幻想:

To puncture sb's confidence/complacency/illusions

62.她的眼眶都哭红了。

The rims of her eyes were red with crying.

63.父亲的去世使我极其痛苦。

The death of my father was extremely traumatic for me.

64.大无畏的壮举/惊人的记忆力

Prodigious feats of bravery/ prodigious memory

65.喝了几杯酒后,她走起路来踉踉跄跄。

She was reeling after several glasses of wine.

66.我吓得依然昏头转向。

I was still reeling from the shock.

67.他睁开眼睛时,房间似乎在不停地旋转。

When he opened his eyes, the room was reeling.

68.他滔滔不绝地谈论了数个小时,结果是废话连篇。

He talks for hours on end about absolutely noting.(on end:连续地;不断地)69.他这个人怠慢不得。

He is not a person to be trifled with.

70.记者和摄影记者突然一拥而上采访她。

She was ambushed by reporters and cameraman.(ambush:伏击)

71.他把自己关在房间里。

He had barricaded himself in his room.

72.珍妮一头倒在床上。

Jenny threw himself onto her bed.

73.大多数步行者都浑身湿透了。

Most of the walkers were soaked to the skin.

74.她开大了收音机的音量,以压过隔壁房间的吵闹声。

She turned up the radio to drown out the noise from next door.

75.前面的道路布满艰难险阻。

The way ahead is strewn with difficulties.

76.树叶落满小径。

Leaves strewed the path.

77.露西从噩梦中猛然惊醒。

Lucy jerked awake from a nightmare.

78.羊羔在田野里活蹦乱跳。

Lambs frisked in the fields.【frisk:(动物)活蹦乱跳的】

79.所有乘客都由机场的警察进行搜身。

All of the passengers were frisked by the airport police.

80.大雾笼罩着群山。

The hills were cloaked/shrouded in thick mist.

81.波特躺在床铺上,双手交叉枕在脑后。

Porter stretched out on his bed, hands clasped behind his head.

82.她的双眼燃烧着怒火。

Her eyes were blazing with fury/anger.

83.花园建于明朝嘉靖年间,是江南一带最大的园林,园内的莲花池与楼台亭阁相映成趣。

This garden, which was constructed during the reign of Emperor Jia Jing of the Ming Dynasty, is the largest garden of its kind in Southern China. Its lotus ponds mirror the mansions, halls, towers and pavilions on the edge, offering visitors picturesque views.

84.幼儿注意力持续时间短。

Small children have a short attention span.

85.脸上的道道泪痕

Face streaked with tears.

86.她感到浑身无力,累极了。

She felt limp and exhausted.

87.不分种族,每个人都受到公平对待。

Everyone is treated equally, irrespective of race.

88.孩子们被她的故事迷住了。

The children were captivated by her stories.

89.当地人正被临时去协助寻找那个女孩。

Local people are being pressed into service to help search for the girl.(press sb/sth into service:姑且使用临时凑合)

90.自动门慢慢开了。

The automatic doors slid open.

91.他不声不响地钻进被子。

He slid into bed.

92.那人很快地把钱塞进自己的口袋。

The man slid the money quickly into his pocket.

93.他意气消沉,得过且过。

He got depressed and began to let things slide.

94.车辆从我们身边疾驰而过。

Traffic zoomed past us.

95.我挡住眼睛以避开强光。

I shield my eyes against the glare.

96.她思绪万千,脑子里乱作一团。

So many thoughts whirled around in her mind.

97.她显然津津有味地回味那一刻。

She savoured the moment with obvious relish.

98.她集作家,演员,制片人于一身。

She is a writer, actress and producer all rolled into one.

99.萨姆不停地暗示自己想要什么样的礼物。

Sam keeps dropping hints about what he wants for his holiday.(drop a hint:作出暗示)100.经过10天的谈判,还看不出任何突破性进展的迹象。

After ten days of negotiations, there was still no hint of a breakthrough.

101.黄中透绿

Yellow with a hint of green.

102.她回到家里,又烦又累。

She was tired and out of sorts by the time she arrived home.

103.一想到我闯的祸,就不寒而栗。

I shuddered at the thought of all the trouble I’d caused.

104.国际社会实现持久和平,共同繁荣任重道远。

The international community is currently facing an uphill struggle to achieve lasting peace and common prosperity.【uphill battle,struggle,task,etc. 漫长而艰难的,费力的(战斗、斗争、任务等)】

105.捍卫国家主权、领土完整和民族尊严。

Safeguard national sovereignty, territorial integrity and national dignity.

106.推翻一个政权

Topple/overthrow/overturn a regime.

107.整顿和规范市场经济秩序。

Rectify and standardize the market economic order.

108.成败在此一举。

Success or failure hinges on this action.

109.使改革的力度与社会可承受程度相适应。

Balance the intensity of reform against the resilience of the public.

110.人民币的强劲和稳定有利于全世界。

A strong and stable RM

B yuan is in the interest of the whole world.

111.城乡协调,东西互动。

Coordinating urban and rural developments, effecting east-and-west interaction.

112.足球热正风靡全国。

Football mania is sweeping the country.

113.他能激发学生的灵感,塑造学生的性格。

He is an inspiring teacher with power of molding the student’s character.

114.风声鹤唳,草木皆兵。

Be so panic-stricken as to be scared by the whistle of the wind and the rustle of a leaf.

115.特困户。

A destitute family/ a down-and-out family

116.惜败:

Lose unfortunately by a small margin.

117.钟点工:

A casual worker paid on an hourly basis.

118.招揽生意的街头小贩:

Street vendors touting for business.

119.一阵失望

A twinge of disappointment.

120.她命运多舛,生活悲惨。

Everything conspired to make her life a misery. 【conspire to do sth/ against sb/sth:似乎共同导致(不良后果)】

121.唯一不协调之处就是这便宜的现代家具。

The only jarring note was the cheap modern furniture.

122.生活中丰富多彩的情感经历。

Life’s a rich tapestry of emotional experiences.

123.你为什么老和我过不去?

Why do you always pick on me?

124.约旦与以色列和伊拉克接壤,处在关键的地理位置上。

Jordan holds a key position, bordering (on) both Israel and Iraq.

125.近似憎恨的不信任感。

A feeling of mistrust bordering on hatred.

126.口角:

Verbal skirmish

127.两家医院提供的服务有明显的差异。

There are palpable differences between the service offered by the two hospitals. 128.我问他近况如何,他有些苦笑不得。=poised between laughter and tears. He pulled a wry face when I asked him how it had gone.

129.夏日灼人的高温:

Sizzling summer temperature

130.从他的脸上看出他疲惫不堪。

Tiredness was etched on his face.

131.她把全部精力投入到失业中。

She channeled all her energies into her career.

132.我告诉她出什么事,她只哼一声就又看起书来。

When I told her what had happened she just grunted and turned to her book. 133.她汗流浃背。

Rivulet of sweat ran down her back.

134.我可以听到他在喃喃自语。

I could hear him mumbling to himself.

135.她嘟嘟囔囔地道了歉就走了。

She mumbled an apology and left.

136.那孩子迷了路,抽抽搭搭地哭起来。

The child was lost and began to whimper.(抽泣,呜咽)

137.想起这件事她就暗自发笑。

She chuckled at the memory.

138.他蜷缩在角落里,吓得语无伦次。

He cowered/ huddled up/ curled up in the corner, gibbering with terror.

139.他们对该意见嗤之以鼻。

They pooh-poohed the idea.

140.内容充实的讨论。

A meaty discussion.

141.微风抚摸我的脸颊,平息了我的怒气。

The gentle breeze caressed my cheeks and soothed my anger.

142.太阳从云层里露了一下脸。

The sun peeped out from behind the clouds.

143.我的新皮鞋走路咯吱咯吱响。

My new shoes squeak.

144.那只老鼠吓得尖叫着溜了。

The mouse ran away squeaking with fear.

145.孩子们跑来跑去,兴奋地尖叫着。

Children were running around, squealing with excitement.

146.拔尖创新人才。

Top-notch innovative personnel

147.没有内债或外债、

Incur no debt, either internal or external.

148.拥有很多优秀的管理人才。

Be blessed with a large pool of people with management expertise.

149/我愿借此机会就上海汽车产业发展前景发表自己的一些不成熟的想法。

I would like to avail myself of this opportunity to discuss with you my tentative thoughts on the prospects of the development of automobile industry.

150.我祝贺这次会议在东海之滨的上海胜利召开:会议组委会全体成员为大会的召开付出了辛勤的劳动,我谨向他们表示诚挚的感谢。

I would like to offer my congratulations on the successful convening of the conference in Shanghai, which is located on the coast of East China Sea and my sincere thanks to all the members of the organizing committee for their hard work, which has made this conference possible.

151.任何国家要发展,都必须参与国际合作。

No country can develop without international cooperation.

152.这最清楚地表明,中国已有效地控制了“非典”的蔓延。

Nothing could show more clearly that China has effectively curbed the spread of SARS.

153.他的暗示一时没有引起我的注意。

His hint escaped me for the moment.

154.外表是靠不住的。

Appearances are deceptive.

155.回归祖国的念头始终萦绕在他的心中。

The thought of returning to his motherland never deserted him.

156.要使经济发展,首先需要政治和社会稳定。

There can be no growth in economy without political and social stability.

157.卖关子。

To keep the listener in suspense.

158.听其言观其行。

Listen to what a man says and watch what he does; judge a person by his deeds as well as his words.

159.身在福中不知福。

To take one’s good fortune for granted.

160.言不出众,貌不惊人。

Neither outstanding in speech nor impressive in appearance.

161.极差的记忆力。

A memory like a sieve.

162.竹篮打水一场空。

As futile as pouring water into a sieve.

163. 有所不为而后可以有所为。

Leave some things undone in order to get others done.

164.以其人之道还治其人之身。

Do unto someone what he does unto others.

165.满瓶子不响,半瓶子晃荡。

Shallow water makes the greatest sound./ The dabbler in knowledge chatters away. / The wise man stays silent.

166.严于律己,宽以待人。

Be strict with oneself and lenient towards others.

167.学而不厌,诲人不倦。

Be insatiable in learning and tireless in teaching.

168.一着不慎满盘皆输。

One careless move may lose the whole game.

169.性相近习相远。

By nature, people are nearly alike; but by practice, they get to be far apart.

170.证据确凿,铁案如山。

With conclusive and irrefutable evidence.

171.残花败柳。

A faded flower and a withered willow—lost beauty.

172.百废待举。/百端待举。/百废俱兴

All neglected matters call for attention./ Many tasks remain to be undertaken./ All the frustrated projects are now restarted.

173.打圆场。

Help effect a compromise.

174.兼听则明偏信则暗。

To hear both sides makes you enlightened and to hear one side makes you benighted.

175.尽善尽美。

Be supremely excellent/reach the peak of perfection.

176.酒后失言

Make an indiscreet remark under the influence of alcohol.

177.恭敬不如从命。

Obedience is better than courtesy.

178.不打不相识。

Friendship grows from an exchange of blows./ No discord, no concord.

179.公说公有理婆说婆有理。

Both parties claim to be in the right.

180.延缓衰老。

Defer senility

181.风呼啸着穿过森林。

The wind was moaning through the trees.

182.她轻盈地走下楼迎接我们。

She floated down the steps to greet us.;

183.我问他近况如何,他有些哭笑不得。

He pulled a wry face when I asked him how it had gone.

184.她一直唠叨,要他把围栏油漆一下。

She had been nagging him to paint the fence.

185.他讲话缓慢而抑扬顿挫,把握有度。

He delivered his words in slow, measured cadence.

186.那房间是由鲜艳的红黄两色装饰的。

The room was decorated in vibrant reds and yellows.

187.尽量别让你的思想开小差。

Try not to let your mind wander.

188.她浮想联翩,思绪回到了青春岁月。

Her thoughts wandered back to her youth.

189.她东瞅瞅西望望。

She let her gaze wander.

190.别离题,要扣住要点。

Don’t wander off the subject—keep to the point.

191.他聚精会神地上下打量她。

His gaze roamed over her.

192.她将房间打量了一遍。

Her eyes roamed the room.

193.老年人容易上狡诈推销员的当。

Elderly people are easy prey for dishonest salesman.(easy prey:容易受骗者;)194.冒牌社会福利工作员不断坑害独居老人。

Bogus social workers have been preying on old people living alone.

195.他本来可以多帮些忙,这个想法使一直耿耿于怀。

The thought that he could have helped more preyed on his mind.(prey on sb’s mind:萦绕心头;使耿耿于怀)

196. 她慢慢地向我靠近了一点。

She edged a little closer to me.

197.我紧张不安地从狗旁边慢慢过去。

I edged nervously past the dog.

198.她有时很难缠。

She can be very trying at times.

199.对于我们所有人来说,这是最难熬的时期。

These are trying times for all of us.

200.我们的马沿着泥泞小路蹒跚而行。

Our horses plodded down the muddy track.(plod along:艰难地行走;吃力地行走)

201. 我注视着她步履艰难地穿过田野。

I watched her plodding her way across the field.

202.农历五月初五的端午节是为了纪念为昏君贬官放逐而抱石投江自尽的古代诗人和忠臣

屈原。

The fifth day of the fifth month of the lunar year is the Dragon Boat Festival, which is celebrated

in memory of / in commemoration of Qu Yuan, an ancient poet and loyal minister, who was expelled(exiled)by the muddleheaded king and then he drowned himself.

203.春节是中国的农历新年,春节的日期按农历而定,通常出现在公历2月前半期的某一天。

The Spring Festival is the Chinese Lunar New Year, the date is determined by the lunar calendar and it usually falls on a day in the first half February.

204.自然而然地也能感受到十分的秋意。

And an intense feeling of autumn will of itself well up inside you.

205.嗅着枝叶的清香,觉得空气中充满了生命的气息。

The faint fragrance of foliage in the air awoke me to a full sense of life.

206.于是,暮色中匆匆的人群里,总有我赶路的身影。

Thus the gathering dark often finds me hastening home in a hurry crowd.

207.船卡在了岩石之间。

The boat was now wedged between the rocks.

208.她挤进了旅客座椅中。

She wedged herself into the passenger seat.

209.大概四川人好久没有看到过外国人了,所以我游泳时,旁边来了一大群好奇的观众。而单凭我的游泳技术,是不配引来这么多人来看的。

So I swam, presumably because of the long distance of foreigners from Sichuan, before an undeservedly large and enthusiastic audience.

210.舞蹈结束的时候,爆发出了一阵热烈的掌声。

There was a great round of applause when the dance ended.

211.因为这几年积累的压力和疲惫,老人的脸上布满了皱纹。

The old man’s face is branded with the lines of pressure and exhaustion that have accumulated over the years.

212.他们居住在乡间的一座布局凌乱的老房子里。

They live in a rambling old house in the country.

213.我是个土生土长的伦敦人。

I’m a Londoner, born and bred.

214.她陶醉于媒体的吹捧。

She is reveling in the adulation of the media.

215.人们推推攘攘,争吵着,抱怨着。

People were jostling, arguing and complaining.

216.我们设法挤到了前面。

We managed to jostle our way to the front.

217,贩毒集团

A drugs ring

218.劲头十足的福勒射进了两球。

The irrepressible Fowler scored two goals.

219.我答应过要帮忙,现在我也没有打退堂鼓。

I promised to help and I’m not backing out now.

220.你终究会变得不在乎批评了。

You’ll eventually become immune to criticism.

221.她受到了刻薄的嘲弄。

She was the butt of some very unkind joke. (be the butt of sth: (受到嘲讽或批评,是笑柄或话柄)

222.这事件影响了她的一生。

This incident colored her whole life(尤指负面地影响)

223.不要让你的判断受到个人感情的影响。

Don’t let your judgment be colored by personal feelings.

224.选民普遍态度冷淡。

There is widespread apathy among the electorate.

225.她感到自己尝遍了从喜到悲的人类一切情感。

She felt she had run the whole gamut of human emotions from joy to despair.

226.雪花在我们周围纷飞。

Snowflakes were swirling all around us.

227.川流不息的游客/车流/汽车

A steady stream of visitors/traffic/cars.

228.她心情抑郁。

英译中笔记方法

英译中笔记方法 我历年的实践,发现学友们在学习口译上最大的难点在于笔记问题。因此我整理了一条实用的(E-C)英译中笔记方法,提供初涉口译的众学友学习。 首先,这里需要指出的是,大多数同学并没有意识到口译笔记的基本类型。在此为大家简述一番,其实口译笔记可以按照“源语和目标语”分为两类,在此以英语(论坛)和汉语为例。比如:“E-C”和“C-E”是两个不同的体系。(E-C即英译中;C-E即中译英)。 关于“C-E模式”的笔记,在中译英时口译者并没有听力上的挑战,所以在记录笔记时我们大都可从容应对;把握脉络、大意、关键词,并选择性的记录;而且还能保证主要意思都能记在脑中;即使没有系统训练过笔记法的学友,也可以通过强记和速写,把信息记全。 所以说,中高级口译考试时的“C-E模式”的句子或段落的笔记可以是挑选性的(selective); 也可以做得“面面俱到”(every single point),而这时的要求就是你手写速度,清晰度(legibility), 合理逻辑的布局和排列。 在这样的背景下,C-E模式的笔记体系就引入了大量的“符号”以简化速记的强度,提高速记的质量,使译者有更多的时间脑记。 比如这段符号:“中 e ↗+” 表示“中国经济的强劲增长。” 笔者纵观了各种专业课程、比较了热门的口译笔记法书籍,口译论坛和网站上的有关信息,发现对于这些“符号”并没有一个有明确的、规范的统一写法。完全是不同专家和从业者的各种个性化的笔记,加上一些共性的元素。比如:“全球”这个概念, 有时会写“w”;有时也写成“⊙” 。写法各异,但都属于认知常识范畴。 对于这一情况,我也反复告诫学友,口译上常见的表达和词汇,要用符号,因为用熟悉的“固定符号”更加容易想象到这些信息,所以大家就得掌握熟记这些符号,这样才可以在考试中赢得更多翻译和口译的时间。

十二天突破英汉翻译笔记

一天突破英文中定语从句的翻译(一) 4 英文中的介词可以翻成中文里的方位副词的动词 There is a book on the desk. 桌上有本书。 The teacher came into the classroom with a book and a dog.老师带着一本书和一只狗…… 6 一般8个单词以下定语从句前置,多于8个单词后置。定语从句翻译后置方法中,需要译出关系词。 63 非限制性定语从句需要后置译法,且翻译关系词。 7 循环套用1: 中心词+定语1+定语1的定语2+定语2的定语3+…… 翻译方法看长度: 定语1+2=3 前两者放在一起翻译 定语1=2+3 后两者放在一起翻译 14 循环套用2: 中心词+定语1+定语1的定语2 翻译时:2+1+含有中心词的句子 注: 10 which有时指前面整个句子; 14 有时定语从句远离先行词; where“在那里” 11 prior to(主张多用)=before 11 “其”是中文专门用来表示第三人称的词。 13 定语从句一般不可放在句首 13 被动语态:用“为”代替“被” 英汉差异: 13 英文中多用代词;中文多用名词,不怕重复 15 英文多用长句,不注重标定符号的使用;中文多用断句且多用标点 23 英文多用名词;中文多用动词(动词的过渡) 英译汉: 9 适时断句,避免长句 12 重要的句子在后面翻译,不重要的先翻译 15 适时增加表示逻辑关系的词,使句子更具逻辑性 第二天突破英文中定语从句的翻译(二) 18 并列套用:多个并列定语修饰一个中心词 后置译法,关系词只需译一次 18 本位词&外位词

本位词:这,这样,这些 外位词:被本位词所替代的部分 一般用定语从句的which/of来翻译本位词 ...women in novels were stereotype of lacking any features... 小说中的妇女都是这样一种模式,她们缺少…… This assumption rests on the fallacy of the ... 假设是基于这样一种谬论:…… 19 There are not a few of people. 有不少人。 There are very few people who would not like to do it. 没有多少人愿意做这件事情。 20 abnormally 不正常地;病态地;特别,尤其 21 短句翻译:剥洋葱 先次后主,有逗号 21 中文:事实+评论 英文:评论+事实 22 It is often said that...人们常说 it is believed that...人们相信 It is guessed that...人们猜测 It is thought that...人们认为 It is supposed that...人们推测 It is reported that...据报道 插入语 23 表示观点时,提到句首翻译 27 不表示观点时,保留在原来位置,用破折号连接 23 谓语动词的过渡 英译汉 keep one informed current events keep是过渡词,本身动词性很弱,它的存在是为了informed的存在,因此翻译时直接忽略keep翻译inform 汉译英 中文“副词+动词”——英文“副词变动词,动词变名词” 28 West Bejing人为划分的行政区域,西北京 Western Beijing自然地理意义上的范围,北京的西部 the West of Beijing不在北京范围内,北京的西边 29 一般英文的人名和地名都要求固定中文译法 White 怀特 Watt 瓦特 Walt 沃尔特

英语翻译——笔记整理及单词概述

考研翻译重点词汇 Abstract n.摘要,概要,抽象 adj.抽象的,深奥的,理论的 Accelerate vt.&vi.(使)加快,(使)增速, n.接受速成教育的学生 Account (1)看法,认识 (2)解释,说明 Account for 占…(多大)比重; 解释, 说明 Achievement n.成就;成绩;功绩,达到;完成 Acquire vt.得到,养成,vt 获得;招致,学得(知识等),求得,养成(习惯等),捕获, Action n.作用,动[操]作,行动,机械装置[作用],(小说等中的)情节 Activity n.活动,活动的事物,活动性,机能,功能 Actually adv.现实的,实际的;目前的;明确的,有效的 Additional adj.增加的,额外的,另外的 Advance vt.&vi.(使)前进,(使)发展;促进, vt.提出 Advantage n.利益,便利,有利方面,有利条件;优点;优势, (网球等)打成平手(deuce )而延长比赛后一方先得的一分(攻方所得称 advantage in ,守方所得则称 advantage out ) Agree vi.一致;相合同意,赞成约定,允诺,答应,相宜,调和,符合,和睦相处 Almost adv.几乎,差不多,差一点;将近 Amount n.量,数量,数额,总额,总数 vi.合计,共计 An immense amount of … 大量 An amount of … 一些 A certain amount of … 某些 Analogous 与…类似, 与…相似 And 而, 然而 Apply … to … ≈ lie with 存在于,发生于 Approach vt.&vi.接近,走近,靠近; vt.接洽,交涉;着手处理; n.靠近,接近,临近 Appropriate adj.适当的,恰当的; vt.挪用;占用;盗用 Argue vt.&vi.争吵,辩论; vt.坚决主张,提出理由证明,说服,劝说 Arise vi.&link v.呈现;出现;发生; vi.起身,起来,起立 As 译为 (1) 像, 如 ; (2) 作为 As … as (比较的两者要一致) = not so … as 译成:“… 和 … 一样 ” As is mentioned above 如上所述, (如上所示,如图所示---作文可以写) Aspect n.方面,方位,朝向 Assert vt.声称,断言,维护,坚持 Assume vt.假设,认定, 臆断,猜想,假装,担,担任,就职 Attempt n.尝试,企图vt.尝试,企图 Augment vt.增加,提高,扩大; n.增加,提高,扩大 Availability n.可用性,有效性,实用性 Base n.基础,底座,基地,根据地 vt.把…建立在,以…为基础 Behavioral adj.动作的,行为方面的 Big bang 大爆炸理论 Branch n.树枝,枝条,支,分科,分系; vi.出枝,树叉 Breakthrough : 突破 Break prison (监狱)越狱 Break out v. 爆发 Out break: n. 爆发

英汉翻译课堂笔记梳理及扩展

English—Chinese Translation and Extensive Knowledge 第一讲(四课时)翻译的历史起源以及各大著名理论和概论 2012/09/18 第一节:翻译起源以及翻译大家(一) 1.1翻译事业在我国有着悠久的历史。 最早的佛经翻译是西汉哀帝元寿元年(公元前2年)贵霜帝国大月氏王遣使者伊存来中国口授佛经,博士弟子秦景宪协助使伊存得以记录的《浮图经》。 中国历史上出现过三次翻译高潮:东汉至唐宋的佛经翻译、明末清初的科技翻译和鸦片战争至“五四”的西学翻译。佛经翻译是中国翻译事业的起点。中国的翻译活动可以追溯到春秋战国时代。中国真正称得上语际翻译的活动应该说是始于西汉的哀帝时期的佛经翻译。这一时期的佛经翻译活动还只是民间私人事业到了符秦时代,佛经翻译活动就组织有序了。当时主要的组织者是释道安。因此他主张严格的词对词、句对句(word for word, line for line)的直译。道安在此期间请来了著名的翻译家天竺(即印度)人鸠摩罗什。他翻译了三百多卷佛经文献,如《金刚经》、《法华经》、《十二门论》、《中观论》、《维摩经》等。其译文神情并茂、妙趣盎然,堪称当时的上乘之译作,至今仍被视为我国文学翻译的奠基石。 Representative:唐玄奘(西元600-664年)主要生活在初唐时期,一生共翻译了佛教大小乘经论75部1335卷,共计一千多万;玄奘的译著从数量和品质上都达到了中国佛经翻译史上的高峰;堪称:翻译家中的第一人;其成就主要在于是“新译”的创始人。他提出的著名的“五不翻”原则及“既须求真,又须喻俗”的标准,对我国翻译事业有很大影响。 ↓↓ (所谓“求真”就是指翻译必须忠实于原文内容并保持原文风貌;所谓“须喻俗”,就是指译文语言必须通顺易懂并符合其语言规范。玄奘将“须求真”和“须喻俗”有机地结合,使两者相辅相成,) (所谓“不翻”,不是不翻译,而是指“音译”。玄奘列举了5种应该音译的情况,即“五不翻”。其“五不翻”具体为:(1)秘密之,故不翻。佛经中有许多咒语,有其秘密的意思和作用,应该音译,如“陀罗尼”。(2)含多义,故不翻。即一词多义的梵文,在汉语中找不到合适的词汇来表达,因此保留原文,只作音译。如“薄伽梵”,在梵文里便有六层意思。(3)此方所无,故不翻。“此方”即“中国”,指在中国文化中没有的事物应该音译。如“阎浮”树,由于产于印度等地,而我国没有这种树,故保留原意。(4)顺于古例,故不翻。指有些约定俗成的词语应该遵循习惯采取音译。例如“阿耨多罗三藐三菩提”,本来意“指无上正等正觉”,但由于自东汉以来,历代译经家用“音译”翻译,因此保留前人翻译模式,不再翻译成“无上正等正觉”。(5)为生善,故不翻。指具有特殊意义或功能的词语也应当音译。如“般若”虽可意译为智慧,但却是佛教文化中蕴含着特殊意义的一种智慧,一旦把意思直接译出来,则会韵味尽失。“五不翻”原则对我国翻译事业影响极其巨大,直到现在,仍然具有深远的影响。) 1.2文学翻译阶段及其代表人物 文学翻译阶段大致在19世纪60年代到20世纪80年代

翻译笔记

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专八翻译笔记

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