新编大学英语浙江大学 第三版 4视听说教程 unit8听力原文及答案

Part 1

Listening 1

Ex1: 1) rocks 2) Yes 3) stones 4) not 5)sand 6) No 7) water

Ex2:1) time management business students 2) wide-mouthed produce at a time 3) dumped work themselves down 4) grabbed filled to the top illustration

5)eager beaver how full your schedule is fit some more things 6) get them in at all Script:

One day an expert on the subject of time management was speaking to a group of business students and, to stress a point, used an illustration I'm sure those students will never forget. After I share it with you, you'll never forget it either.

As this man stood in front of the group of high-powered overachievers, he said, "Ok, time for a quiz." He pulled out a large, wide-mouthed jar and set it on a table in front of him. Then he produced about a dozen fist-sized rocks and carefully placed them, one at a time, into the jar.

When the jar was filled to the top and no more rocks would fit inside, he asked, "Is this jar full?"

Everyone in the class said, "Yes."

Then he said, "Really?" He reached under the table and pulled out a bag of little stones. Then he dumped some of them in and shook the jar causing the little stones to work themselves down into the spaces between the big rocks.Then he smiled and asked the group once more, "Is the jar full?" By this time the class was onto him. "Probably not," one of them answered. "Good!" he replied. And he reached under the table and brought out a bag of sand. He started dumping the sand in and it went into all the spaces left between the rocks and the little stones. Once more he asked the question, "Is this jar full?"

"No!" the class shouted. Once again he said, "Good!" Then he grabbed a bottle of water and began to pour it in until the jar was filled to the top. Then he looked up at the class and asked, "What is the point of this illustration?"

One eager beaver raised his hand and said, "The point is, no matter how full your schedule is, if you try really hard, you can always fit some more things into it!"

"No," the speaker replied, "that's not the point. The truth this illustration teaches us is: If you don't put the big rocks in first, you'll never get them in at all."

Listening 2

Ex1: B C A B D C B B A D

Ex2: F T F F T

Scripts:

Throughout the day, energy rises and falls. At its peak, you're likely to perform 30 to 40 percent faster and more accurately, than at its lowest, says Lynne Lamberg. So by synchronizing your schedule with your natural energy supply ,it will help you use it more efficiently.

She also says, alertness is highest and concentration the most between 9a.m. and early afternoon—the best time to crunch numbers or write a report. You should dive into the hardest tasks first, and your extend high-energy mornings with a late lunch. Many people are still going strong until 1 or 2 p.m., so why break the momentum?

During mid-afternoon, you might attend to some routine tasks, such as paying bills or sorting through a pile of junk mail. Work that involves physical activity, such as running down the hall to

photocopy a memo, or talking to other people (that includes phone calls)—will keep your energy level from dropping way down.

When full alertness returns—around 4 p.m.—you might do a few small projects that give you a feeling of satisfaction and accomplishment. Send off an important letter. Or plan and prioritize for the next day.

The dark side of your cycle is equally important: For daylong energy we need a good night's sleep. On average, Americans get about seven-and-one-half hours, although some need more and others get by on less. We 're getting enough sleep if we wake up without the help of an alarm clock and don't feel the urge to nap during the day.

Listening 3

Ex1: 1) London 2) What a wonderful Life 3) Globe 4) changes developments

natural resources cities nuclear war

Ex2: T F T T F

Script:

(Do you feel depressed when you read newspapers? Does the news always seem bad? To many people it does, but not to Alexander Dubois, a French scientist living in London. Unlike many scientists, he believes that the world will be a better place in the future. His book, What a Wonderful Life, will be on sale, and Globe sent Reporter Catherine Brown to talk to him. Here is part of their conversation.)

Catherine Brown: What changes will we see in the next few years?

Alexander Dubois:Today, work is the most important part of many people's lives.

In the future, machines will do much of our work. This means

that we'll have more time to think about how to live happily.

Catherine Brown: What developments will there be in medical science?

Alexander Dubois:The day will come when we will eliminate killer diseases such

as diphtheria and typhoid. Also, there will be fewer babies born

with birth defects because doctors will be able to operate on

children before they are born.

Catherine Brown:And what about natural resources? Will there be an adequate

supply of coal, oil and gas?

Alexander Dubois:Of course! Research shows that there are sufficient resources

for the next 20,000 years within one kilometer of the earth's

surface.

Catherine Brown:Will cities continue to grow and become more and more

overcrowded?

Alexander Dubois:No, they won't. People will return to smaller communities

where they can really know their neighbors and participate in

community life.

Catherine Brown: Aren't you worried about the possibility of nuclear war?

Alexander Dubois: Yes, I am. I expect there will be a nuclear war in the future, but

it won't end our world. Life will continue.

Statements:

1. Alexander Dubois holds an optimistic point of view for the world's future.

2. Alexander Dubois believes that, people's jobs will play the most important part in their lives.

3. Alexander Dubois thinks that,6 some defects in babies will be treated before birth.

4. Alexander Dubois predicts that someday some people will move from big cities to smaller

communities.

5. Alexander Dubois believes that a nuclear war can be the end of the world.

Listening 4

Ex1: e c b f a d

Ex2:1)biased 2) unaware 3) success 4) fun 5)control 6) environment

7) flexibility 8)optimal 9)wings 10）explore

Scripts:

Professor Zimbardo: Time perspectives are easy to identify when people are making decisions. For some people, it’s only about what is in the immediate situation, what other people are doing, and what they are feeling. And those people, when they make their decision in that form, we’re going to call “present-oriented”, because their focus is what is now.

Student A: Then maybe , I’m not ”present-oriented”. It seems what I care most is always what will be in the future.

Professor Zimbardo: Yes. You might be among those ”future-oriented”. There focus is always about anticipated consequences. OK, anybody here who is neither “present-oriented” nor “future-oriented”?

Student B: Myself. I think neither of your description about this two time perspectives fits me well.

Professor Zimbardo: Then you mast belong to the third type. We call them “pat-oriented” because they focus on what was. For them, both the present and the future are irrelevant. Thire decisions are based on past memories.

Student B: That’s true, but sometimes, I just fell my time perspectives are a mixture. Professor Zimbardo: That’s very likely the case. There are actually six time perspectives: past-positive or past-negative; present-hedonistic or present-fatalist: future-oriented or transcendental future, as a matter of fact, these six time perspectives might coexist in a person. But they are biased in different situations. Either of them may rise to be the dominating one that influences us to make decisions. But we’re totally unaware.

Student A: But do those perspectives show bias in their influence on human life, for example, positive or negative?

Professor Zimbardo: In a sense, that’s right. Any time perspective in excess has more negatives than positives, you know what those future-oriented people sacrifice for success. They sacrifice family time . they sacrifice friend time. They sacrifice fun time. And they sacrifice sleep. So it affects their health. And they live for work, achievement and control.

Student B: Yes. That’s ture. We just never realized that before. But professor, do you think time perspective is something inherent or something we learn?

Professor Zimbardo: People’s time perspectives result from the social environment and their life experiences, and they can be learned and be changed . That’s the last point I want to make today. one needs to develop the mental flexibility to shift time perspectives fluidly, depending on the demands of the situation; that’s what you’re got to learn to do. The optimal temporal mix is What

you get from the past-positive gives you roots. What you get from the future is wings to soar to new destinations, new challenges. What you get from the present hedonism is energy, the energy to explore yourself, places, people, sensuality.

Further Listening

Listening 1

Ex1: F F F F T T F T

Ex2: 1)friend 2) end 3) weeks 4)know 5)terrible 6)rang 7)younger 8)tired 9)game 10）make 11）show 12）thinking 13）distance 14）corner 15）telegram

16）deserve

Scripts:

Around the Corner

by Henson Towne

Around the corner I have a friend,

In this great city that has no end.

Yet the days go by and weeks rush on,

And before I know it, a year is gone.

And I never see my old friend's face,

For life is a swift and terrible race,

He knows I like him just as well,

As in the days when I rang his bell,

And he rang mine.

But we were younger then,

And now we are busy, tired men.

Tired of playing a foolish game,

Tired of trying to make a name.

"Tomorrow," I say, "I will call on Jim

Just to show that I'm thinking of him."

But tomorrow comes and tomorrow goes,

And distance between us grows and grows.

Around the corner! — yet miles away.

"Here's a telegram sir—Jim died today."

And that's what we get and deserve in the end.

Around the corner , a vanished friend.

Listening 2

Ex1: 1)clocks 2) promptness efficiency 3) impatient 4) household appliances save time 5)control miss avoid

Ex2: F T F F F

Script:

Almost every American wears a watch, and in nearly every room in an American home, there's a clock. "Be on time." "Don't waste time." "Time is money." "Time waits for no one." All

of these familiar sayings reflect the American obsession with promptness and efficiency. Students and employees displease their teachers and bosses when they arrive late. This desire to get the most out of every minute often affects behavior, making Americans impatient when they have to wait. The pressure to make every moment count sometimes makes it difficult for Americans to relax and do nothing.

The desire to save time and handle work efficiently also leads Americans to buy many kinds of machines. These range from household appliances to equipment for the office such as calculators, photocopy machines and computers. One popular machine is the videocassette recorder, which gives Americans a new kind of control over time. Fans of professional football don't have to miss the Sunday afternoon game on TV because of a birthday party. They simply videotape it and watch the game in the evening. What's more, they can actual save time by fast-forwarding through all the sales ads and commercials shown during te game. So a 3.5-hour game, seen later on, might only last 1.5 hours.

Listening 3

Ex1: A B A B D

Ex2: 1)pessimistic 2)doubled 3)coal 4)chickens 5) artificial 6)well-designed

7)fresher 8)leading 9)unnecessary

Script:

What will life be like 100 years from now? Some experts are optimistic; others, far more pessimistic. They think that by then the population will have doubled. We will have run out of essential materials, like oil and coal. We may even have run out of water to drink. They believe that we will be living like chickens- living in little boxes, and eating artificial food.

But those who are more optimistic say that life in the future will be much better than it is today. We may be living in well-designed , systematic communities. We may be getting more sunlight, breathing fresher air, living in a better environment and leading far more pleasant lives than we are today.

Life will certainly have become far more mechanized by the year 2100. It may even have become too mechanized. Mechanization has already caused quite a few problems and will cause still more. For example, many jobs will have been “automated”. People will no longer be able to learn only one job in their lifetime. Many of the jobs that young people are doing today will have become unnecessary by the time they are 40.

Questions:

1. What can definitely be said of life in the next century?

2. What does "many jobs will be 'automated'" mean according to the passage?

3. What will the influence of automation be upon people in terms of employment?

4. Is there any possibility hat some jobs will disappear in decades from now? Why or why not?

5. What would the future job market look like?

Listening 4

Ex1: F T T F F

Ex2: 1) Because they could have a large house and yard there

2) The cities have grown larger

3) During the last 10 or 15 years of the 20th century

4) Because they want to change them into apartment buildings

5) It saves people time for traveling back and forth

Script:

Starting in the early 1900s, many Americans living and working in large cities moved to the suburbs. They wanted to live where they could have a large house and yard, instead of a small apartment with no yard. The problem that this has brought is that as the cities have grown larger, people must travel a long way to their place of work. Often the trip takes as much as two hours each way. Thus they have very little time to enjoy their houses and yards.

Therefore, during the last decades of the 20th century, some people became interested in moving back to the business areas of the cities. Many old buildings with businesses or factories on the first few floors have upper floors that are empty- Other old buildings are completely empty. Architects have been buying these buildings and changing them into attractive apartment buildings. Most have large comfortable rooms with big windows, which let in a lot of light. The apartments in these buildings are quickly bought by people who want to move back downtown. As one new apartment owner said, "I don't have a yard anymore, but I also don't have to sit in my car for over three hours a day. And there are nearby parks that I can visit now that I have more time."

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