unit6新编综合英语教程(上外)

Language structures

This part is focused on:

the adverbial clause of purpose

the adverbial clause of result

the adverbial clause of concession

the adverbial clause of comparison

the adverbial clause of time

the adverbial clause of manner

the adverbial clause of reason

1. vaccinate 注射疫苗

vaccinate sb. against 给某人接种疫苗以防止

protect sb against…保护…不得（…疾病）

2. smallpox 天花

Vaccination immunizes people against smallpox种牛痘能使人免患天花。

3. Rialto 纽约百老汇戏院区; 大城市剧院区

4. Keep fit

5. prize-awarding ceremony

6. Luggage van

7. Injection

8. Student representative

9. awful-indistinct-clear; (English conversation tape)

dreadful-boring-interesting; (film)

horrible-unpleasant-enjoyable (pop music tape)

10. Be bound to do…

11. intent upon/on doing sth. 对某事专心致志; 一心一意要做某事

be intent upon/on sth. 对某事专心致志; 一心一意要做某事

of intent 有意地, 蓄意地

to all intents and purposes (=to all intents; to all intent and purpose) 在各个主要方面, 无论从哪一点来看，实际上, 事实上, 实质上

12. understand…thoroughly.

Dialogue 1

New words and expressions

1. be concerned about / for …

--Naturally we were concerned for him when we heard of the accident.

--They appeared completely unconcerned about what they had done.

--be much concerned about

2. interfere vi

interfere in / with

--interfere in sb.'s private affairs

--If you had not interfered, I should have finished my work by now.

--Come on Sunday if nothing interferes.

--Don't interfere with him.

--Sedentary habits often interfere with health.

Word family:

interferefering adj.

interferer n.

3 relieve v. lessen (pain, anxiety, or trouble)

---We were relieved to hear that she was out of danger.

---The doctors did their best to bring relief to the patient.

Comparison: relieve release

relieve 减轻,除去(痛苦). 指暂时的而不是永久地解除.常与of连用.

release释放,解除.指从某种束缚或是痛苦中解放出来,常与from连用.

e.g.

---You’d better relieve your wife of her housework.

---They decided to release the bird from his cage.

4. pleading adj. begging.恳求的，请求的

plead vi. 恳求；请求

--She wept and pleaded until he agreed to do as she wished.

--She pleaded for more time to pay.

plead vt. 申诉；为…辩护

--He had a good lawyer to plead his case.

--He pleaded that he was not guilty.

Word family: pleadable adj.

plead against 反驳; 劝人不要...

plead with 向...恳求

comparison: plead beg

plead普通用语，表示“急切地恳求”。在任何情况下都强调迫切性，更常作为法律用语，指律师或当事人在法庭上的辩护。

beg非正式用语，表示“请求，诚意而谦恭的请求”。

e.g.

---The defense attorney pleaded not guilty.

---He begged me to think about his offer.

5. moan v. make the sound of pain or grief; complain annoyingly, esp. in a discontented voice.

e.g.

---The sick child moaned a little and then fell asleep.

---The wind moaned round the house all night.

---She’s always moaning that she has too much work to do.

comparison: moan, sigh, sob, groan

这几个词作为动词时，可以指由于精神上，生理上的压力或痛苦而发出含糊不清的声音；作为名词时，他们表示这类声音。

moan表示由于身心的强烈痛苦而呻吟，呜咽。

sigh因为悲伤，懊悔，消沉等原因而不由自主地叹息。

sob啜泣，抽噎，呜咽着说。

groan表示反对时发出的哼哼声或是物体移动时发出的嘎吱声。

e.g.

---He moaned with pain before losing consciousness.

---Angela sighed with disappointment when she was told that she had not got the job.

--- “I cannot find my mother,” sobbed the child.

---Susan looked at the untidy room and gave a groan of dismay.

6. stroke

A forehand tennis stroke.

Any stroke is allowed.

She arrived on the stroke of six.

He is suffered from a stroke.

7. surgical. adj. 外科(医术)的; 外科用的, 外科手术的

surgical pathology 外科病理学

a surgical operation 外科手术

surgeon-physician

internal medicine-surgical department

8. preliminary a. coming first

e.g.

---Our team got beaten in the preliminary rounds of the competition.

--The students take a preliminary test in March, and the main exam in July.

9. CAAC (Civil Aviation Administration of China) 中国民用航空局

10. accommodation n. (pl. AmE) lodging, food, and services; house, flat, hotel room.膳宿供应，接待，房屋，旅馆房间等。

e.g.

---There is a shortage of accommodation.

collection

---hotel accommodation

---tourist accommodations on a boat

---the cost of accommodation

word family: accommodate v. 给…提供膳宿

11. confirm v. give support or certainty to (a fact, statement, belief)

e.g.

---The expression on her face confirmed our worst fears.

---The President refused to either confirm or deny this rumor.

comparison: confirm, prove, testify demonstrate, verify

confirm对已知情况进行核实或确认.

prove一般用语，表示经过一段时间或经历“证实”某情况的真伪。可以接名词或名词性从句做宾语，也可以和形容词性的不定式短语连用。

testify庄严地证实某事的真实性。常用于在法庭上作见证。

demonstrate论证，证明。用推理，举例，试验等形式来论证定理，命题等的真实性。verify证实，核实，特意努力证实某件事的真实性。

---I have accepted the job over the phone, but I haven’t confirmed in writing yet.

---The report proved (to be) false.

---No one expected him to testify against his former employer.

---Scientists have demonstrated that there’s no life on the moon.

---The reports are not sent out until they are verified.

12. rare a. unusual, uncommon.

e.g.

---One of my uncle’s hobbies is collecting rare book.

---It’s ra re for him to be late.

word family: rarity n. 罕见，珍稀之物，罕见事。rareness n. 稀有性，杰出性。

13. integrity n. honesty; trustworthiness, completeness.

e.g.

---He is a man of complete integrity.

---Mutual respect for territory integrity is one of our principles.

14. ethic n. system of moral behavior.

e.g.

---The ethics of journalism are much debated.

---The ethic of some people in business seems to be to maximize profit and it doesn’t matter how.

Word family:

ethical - unethical

15. urgent

16. put through a call

17. this is an emergency

18. complicated

19. have the patience to do…

20. it was against …

21. take immediate action to do…

22. take down

23. call up sb=call sb (美式英语)

24. be off duty

25. companion

26. No matter how inconvenient everything was….

27. Everything goes smoothly.

28. without delay/ with no delay

29. a woman of admirable integrity

30. an employee with high work ethics.

The Retirees

Role-play

1. The number of …has soared …

2. it is estimated that…

3. one out of every five..

4. make (further) contribut ions towards…

5. illustrate

6. a retired intellectual

7. do odds and ends

8. do one’s share for society

Dialogue II

The sentence patterns to talk about degree.

1. too…to / not +adj + enough + infinitives

2. so…that…

Phrases, sentences and expressions

1. excess—inadequacy excess—inadequate

2. radiator

3. take time off

Dialogue:

1. I haven’t seen you for ages

2. It was bitterly cold.

3. Apart from that…

4. commercial

5. couldn’t wait to do sth.

6. to add insult to injury=what’s worse

*if the worst comes to the worst

7. talk constantly

8. I left at the interval

9. it was misery!

10. what a night!

Practice:

1. helicopter

2. ambitious

3. plumber

4. children’s upbringing in China

5. public hygiene

Reading

Vitamins

1. substance

---Soil consists of various chemical substances.

---The substance of their talk is condensed into a paragraph.

2. manufacture : manu (hand)+ fact (=make)+-ure

manufacture : making by hand

---It is manufactured by hand.

---Most electronic devices manufactured for such purposes are tightly packed.

---She manufactured a false story to hide the facts.

manufacture n.

---To develop manufactures to the utmost, China must have new markets for her products.

---They make manufactures from their own raw materials.

Make, Manufacture, Produce

1. make指各种手工或者机器制造，包括艺术科学方面的制造。

2. manufacture多指用机器进行大规模生产。

3. produce既指物品生产，也指精神财富的创造；但强调产品的数量及品种，而不像manufacture强调生产过程。

3.obtain. vt gain, get

--- To obtain knowledge through practice

obtain. vi 流行；适用

The custom still obtains in some districts.

Different laws obtain in different places.

4. grave n. tomb

---She laid flowers on the grave.

grave adj. serious

---This heavy rain could have grave consequences.

---The situation was grave.

5. die out 灭绝, 逐渐消失, 渐渐止息

die of 因某病而死

die from (病以外)因某事而死，常用死于

创伤、交通事故

die for 为了...而死

6. remedy: re- (=back) + medy (=medic)

bring back to health

medic, medy

---There is as yet no known remedy for cancer.

---remedy an injustice

remedy a fault

remedy a loss

7. wipe out

---The government is trying to wipe out smuggling.

---The bank agreed to wipe out his debts

8. somehow ：

1 以某种方式；用某种方法

---Somehow I managed to get the job done.

2 不知什么原因

---He looked different somehow

9. be connected with

---That solitary old man was suspected to be connected with the crime.

10. limit sth. to :

---He tried to limit the expense to 1,000 dollars.

Refine vt. when a substance is refined, it is made pure by

having all other substances removed from it.

---They refine sugar using this way.

Refined adj.

①a refined substance has been made pure by having other substances removed from it.

②If you say that someone is refined, you mean that they are very polite and have good manners and good taste.

---He may be rich but he is not refined.

Refined sugar; Refined oil

Polish：vt & vi& n (使)光滑, 擦亮，文饰，光泽剂, 上光蜡, 亮漆，优美, 高雅, 完善，光亮, 光滑，波兰语发光泽, 发亮

Would you please polish my article right now?

A hot plate will spoil the table's polish.

His writing has potential but lacks polish.

give sth a good polish

Silver polishes easily with this special cloth.

Polishable：adj. 可以擦的

Polished：adj.磨光的, 擦亮的; 精练的; 文雅的

Idioms：

polish away；polish off

擦去；擦去，急急忙忙做完(工作等)，很快吃完(食物)，[俚]杀死, 干掉; 打败(对手) polish the apple

讨人欢心，拍马屁

Polish up

擦得亮亮的，装饰一新，改善提高

liquid nail polish

液体指甲油

同义词区分：

polish ，burnish ，shine

都含“磨擦使表面光亮”的意思。

polish 指“用布或其他工具磨擦某物而使其表面光滑或有光泽”, 如:

polish silver [glass, furniture]

擦银器[玻璃、家具]。

burnish 指“擦金属物使产生光泽”, 如:

burnish steel

擦亮钢。

shine 指“通过擦而使其光亮、干净”, 如:

shine shoes

擦鞋

restrict vt.

He feels this new law will restrict his freedom.

restrict. to…

Nutritious adj.

Nutrient n.

Nutrition n.

nutritionist n.

Cereal

Ceres : 洛神克瑞斯，谷物和耕作的女神

1. small amounts of… a small amount of…

2. as a rule,

3. ultimately

4. die of

5. scurvy

6. citrus fruit

7. physician

8. be connected with…

9. newly discovered

10. anti-beriberi

A chart of the vitamins

1. fortified adj.

2. margarine

3. whole milk

4. in dim light

5. enriched

6. poultry

7. metabolic process

8. furnish energy

9. gum

10. oxidation

11. fatty

Guided Writing

1. frail

2. sparing adj. sparingly adv.

3. vegetarian

4. thorough

5. a disastrous result

6. weaken v. weakened adj.

7. absorb proteins

8. body-building elements

9. abundant-abundantly

10. evident

Interaction activities

1. a person of integrity

2. read about

3. a good deed

4. a woman of admirable integrity

5. by untiring efforts

6. go through

7. inconveniences

8. show a deep concern for sb

9. be utterly selfless

10. be characterized by …

11. trustworthiness-trustworthy

12. dependability-dependable

13. reliability-reliable

14. uprightness-upright

15. righteousness-righteous

16. conscientiousness-conscientiousness

17. moral soundness

18. noble qualities

19. numerous

20. praiseworthy qualities

Notes

1. negative-affirmative

2. the moral of the story

3. carry out the task

4. subordinate clause

5. main clause

6. elliptical

7. blood vessel

8. be ill with a serious stroke

9. moral principles at work

10. on call=ready for service at any time

11. definite

12. adherence to moral and ethical principles that is worthy of admiration

13. offend

14. flour

15. muscle meat=lean meat

补充造句词汇

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