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商务英语阅读(第二版)+大学英语翻译教程(第三版)答案

王关富《商务英语阅读（第二版）》参考答案

Unit 1

Why China Works

Exercises

1. Answer the questions on the text:

1) How does the author view the Chinese economy?

It is the most important bright spot in the world economy under the global recession, the only major economy that is likely to show significant growth this year, and the only one that routinely breaks every rule in the economic textbook. 2) According to the author, why can the Chinese economy perform so well?

Because of:

(1) the capacity for state control by the Chinese government.

(2) its rejection of exotic financial innovations that are the melting core of the global credit crisis.

(3) the integration of its economic policies between traditional market tools and state control measures.

3) In what way does the author imply that western economists are erroneous in their bias toward “China’s market economic system”?

The United States and Europe are moving toward state control by nationalizing their banking and car industries, and imposing heavy new regulation on the financial industry.

4) What is the view of Stephen Roach on the Chinese economy system?

Investment is the backbone of sustainable growth in the Chinese economy, which works more effectively than other market based systems in times of economic stress.

5) Why can China work in the eye of the author?

It has followed a radical pragmatism focusing on a slow but steady shift toward freer markets.

6) What is regarded as the strategic thinking of the Chinese leaders in market reforms?

They understand even under the serious financial crisis that it can stabilize the Chinese market and economy to introduce more sophisticated forms of securitization, including stock index funds, corporate bonds and other debt products. They also realize that, in the course of doing this, they should learn from the mistakes the westerners have made.

7) What is the example given to illustrate the steadiness of the Chinese leaders in their policy execution?

They continue to allow the value of yuan to rise despite of the American charges and the need for export competitiveness by their own enterprises.

8) What is “shock therapy”?

It is the economic policy adopted in Russia from 1991 to 1992 that totally deregulated prices and lead to a runaway inflation. It proved to be all shock and no therapy.

9) In what ways does the Chinese economic system work efficiently?

It can get things done quickly, move in a coherent manner, and marshal its people and resources to a common target: economic growth and prosperity.

11) What are the Internet and public opinion used for?

For putting pressure on local officials and influencing policy decisions.

2. Fill in each blank of the following sentences with one of the phrases in the list given below. Make changes when necessary.

1)At a time when the need is growing for mental health services, many countries are unfortunately cutting back on its

spending.

2)There is an increasing number of people out of work. But the western media often unfairly label them as lazy and

reliable.

3)Now that the flow of oil has been stopped by BP, the impact of all the spilled oil and natural gas is still being

measured.

4)Once again its ability to steer economic policy will be tested against the ability to deliver on services and projects

aimed at growing the economy and jobs.

5)Housing prices are incredibly high today. But he bought his house for a song about five years ago.

6)As people are complaining high prices, especially those related to daily necessities, the government feels rather urgent

to hold down inflation rate immediately.

7)Under the new economy policy investors are invited to buy into state-owned enterprises.

8)Since a serious gun shooting occurred in Arizona last week, security concerns have trickled down to all places,

including residential buildings.

9)Social unrest is a daily occurrence in the country nowadays. It is in the last place when it comes to investment for

multinational companies.

10)Efforts to ban smoking in China are so effective yet. Some chain smokers never think of quitting while many others

have battled in vain to quit.

3. Match the terms in column A with the definitions in column B:

A_______________________ B__________________________________

1)financial innovation A) A reduction in the general availability of loans (or

credit) or a sudden tightening of the conditions

required to obtain a loan from the banks.7

2)stimulus package B) A non-bank entity or organization such as

investment companies and mutual funds that

invests in large quantities. 8

3)overheating C)A legal entity created by a government to undertake

commercial activities on its behalf. 6

4)stamp tax D) The trading of a corporation's stock or other

securities (e.g. bonds or stock options) by

individuals with potential access to non-public

information.9

E) An industry that requires large amounts of capital, machinery and equipment to

produce goods. 5

5)capital-intensive sector F) Generation of new and creative approaches to

securities, money management or investing. 1

6)state-run firm G) An economy that is expanding so rapidly that too

much money is chasing too few goods and

economists fear a rise in inflation . 3

7)credit crisis H) tax levied on certain legal transactions such as the

transfer of a property such as building, copyright,

land, patent, and securities. 4

8)institutional investor I) A plan or a series of measures taken by a

government to jump-start its ailing economy,

generally as a part of its fiscal policy. 2

10) insider trading

4. Translate the following passage into Chinese.

我们所面临的来自中国的真正挑战并不是他们向我们大量销售的货物，而恰恰相反，是他们正在提升的价值链。这在将来可能会对美国经济构成最严重的新挑战。

在过去三十年的大部分时间里，中国集中精力建设基础设施，这主要靠廉价的劳动力和勤劳苦干的工人就行了。但工厂也都现代化、交通世界一流、港口大型化、机场高效化了，而且所有这些都是以人类历史上从未有过的速度和规模完成的。

现在中国又想跨入更高质产品和服务的时代。这意味着由政府官员确定的经济发展的下一步是要以建设高速网般的决心投资发展人力资本。自1998年来，中国政府已启动了大规模的教育发展计划，投入的资金按GDP比例计算增加了两倍，在而后的十年，中国的大学增加了一倍，大学生增加了四倍，从1997年的100万增长到2007年的550万。中国列出了顶级的9所大学为其常青藤大学联盟。欧洲各大学以及美国的州立大学因受大规模经费削减影响而处于崩溃状态，而中国的大学大发展趋势则恰恰相反。耶鲁大学校长理查德·雷文在今年年初的一次演讲中指出：“这次中国大学的扩展是前所未有的，在仅十年的时间里就建起了世界上规模最大的高等教育。实际上，2000年以来中国大学扩招的大学生人数超过了美国大学招生的总数。

那么这一史无前例的教育投资对中国和美国有何意义呢？诺贝尔经济学奖得主罗伯特·福格尔预测了训练有素工人的经济影响。在美国，高中毕业的工人的生产率是只受过9年教育的人的1.8倍，而大学毕业的则要高出两倍。中国正在大规模地扩大高中和大学生的人数。尽管目前中国在服务业上仍远远落后他国，但中国企业将会很快进入这一巨大市场。福格尔相信高技能工人的增多将在今后大大刺激中国的经济增长率，使其GDP在2040年之前达到惊人的123万亿美元。

不管这一难以想象的数字是否准确，但有一点是很清楚的，中国正开始提升其价值链，进入一直来只有西方国家独占的产业和工种，这才是来自中国的真正挑战。应对这一挑战的最佳和最有效的方法不是威胁和关税，而是深层次的结构改革和大规模的投资，使美国经济重新获得活力，使美国工人再具竞争力。

5. Read the following text and choose the best sentence from the list (A-E) below to fill in each of the gaps in the text.

1)It assembles more toys, stitches more shoes and sews more garments than any other nation in the world.

2)China is home to 1.3 billion people and has 100 cities of more than a million people.

3)Even at 25 cents an hour, Chinese workers cost more than laborers in the poorer countries of Southeast Asia or Africa.

4)Indeed, the country's embrace of market economy over the last decade and the government's insistence that farmers

fend for themselves are combining forces to all.

5)That disparity has set in motion the largest human migration in history.

Supplementary Reading

China: The next branding superpower?

1.China and the U.S disagree ________.

A.whether the Chinese should buy more

B.over who dominates the bilateral trade

C.whether the value of RMB is deliberately held down

D.over what the Chinese consumers should buy

2.The Americans assume that China will remain ________ so that it will continue to import American higher value added

products and services.

A. a manufacturing superpower

B. a developing country

C. a service-based economy

D. a regional economic power

3.By moving up the value chain, China intends to become a ________.

A.manufacturing giant

B.branding superpower

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/a013101751.html,petitive nation

D.political superpower

4.According to the author, the work of branding in China would depend more on ________.

A.domestic companies

B.foreign investors

C.the government

D.multinational companies

5.With better access to Chinese market for foreign companies, what do Chinese policy makers fear?

A.Chinese consumers will prefer famous foreign brands.

B.Chinese brands are unable to move up to the high end of the brand chain.

C.China can also add values through marketing and distribution.

D.China will have to spend billions building brands.

6.The Space Rate between the U.S. and the Soviet Union is mentioned to reflect ________.

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/a013101751.html,itary competition during the cold war

B.the anxiety of the Americans in the space rate

C.national economic security in China

D.the national anxiety of China over their brand competitiveness

7.The author believes in less than a century the consumer trends in the world will be overwhelmingly dominated by

________.

A.consumer consciousness

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/a013101751.html,petitive market

C.such brands as Coca-cola, Google, and Toyota

D.Chinese brands

Unit 2

A Changed Global Reality

Exercises

1. Answer the questions on the text:

1) What are the features of the two major economies that the world has seen for more than 200 years?

One has dominated technological innovation and trade and amassed great wealth. The second—much of it politically under the thumb of the first—has remained poor and technologically dependent.

2) How much did low-and-middle-income countries contribute to world growth in 2010?

Almost half (46%)

3) Taking a long term view, why is it good news that developing countries are growing fast?

As billions of poor people become more prosperous, they will be able to afford comforts their counterparts in the rich world have long considered the normal appurtenances of life.

4) What are the worst-case scenarios that Europe has so far avoided?

A collapse of the euro, a debt crisis that spills from small economies such as Greece and Ireland to much bigger ones

like Italy and Spain, and bitter social unrest in those nations that are having to massage wages down while cutting public budgets.

5) Why does Jim Walker think that 2011 will be a “year of reckoning”?

Because Jim Walker thinks that the rebound in the US is a mirage created by excessive stimulus. He expects the US to slip into the double dip it dodged in 2010.

6) Why has the private-sector debt crisis of 2008-2009 morphed into a public-sector debt crisis in 2010-11?

It has been the result of the debt and deficits amassed in the process of stimulating economies and bailing out banks during the downturn.

7) What are the risks that emerging economies face?

a. sharp rise in inflation

b. rising oil prices

c. soaring food price

8) What did China and India do to cope with inflation and rising food prices?

China raised the reserve-requirement ratio;

India resorted to diplomatic means when Pakistan temporarily cut off some exports of onions to the country.

9) How can the disaffection with global capitalism in the developed world be prevented from turning into a

backlash against it?

It would help if there were mechanisms in place to manage the stresses in the international economy.

10) What is the most serious division between countries that policymakers have to contend with?

Economic disparity

2.Fill in each blank of the following sentences with one of the phrases in the list given below:

1) The search for the child was scaled back sharply today, with almost a third of the volunteers heading home.

2) The former Federal Reserve Chairman says there is a risk that the US could slip into a recession by year’s end.

3) The CEO of the firm said that they would switch priority from traditional labor-intensive products to more hi-tech and

value-added ones.

4) In the aftermath of the financial crisis the group has put on hold some of its ambitious regional expansion plans.

5) Toyota Motor Corp. is offering widespread job buyouts to its US workers for the first time and cutting the workweek at some of its American plants by 10% to contend with falling sales.

6) Eventually, it must morph into a system that functions on stability, or it will fail and cause an unstoppable breakdown

and widespread hardship.

7) Unfortunately most of the central banks in the world today are still firmly under the thumb of politicians.

8) The stock market’s endurance could depend heavily on whether economic and corporate performance remains uncertain,

or begins indicating that the economy truly is out of the woods.

9) Survivors were encouraged to talk about their horrible experiences to help them come to terms with the flood disaster.

10) Other countries—notably Australia—have also avoided a bust in their housing markets, and have instead seen prices

increases flatten out.

3.Match the terms in column A with the explanations in column B:

A B ______

1）double-dip recession A) A physical substance, such as food, grains, and metals, which is interchangeable with another

product of the same type, and which investors buy or sell, usually through future contracts 7 2) credit rating B) A measure that examines the weighted average of prices of foodstuffs, often used as an

important factor to assess the cost of living. 9

3) austerity C) A government policy of deficit-cutting, lower spending, and a reduction in the amount of

benefits and public services provided, sometimes coupled with increases in taxes to pay back

creditors to reduce debt. 3

4) private sector D) A central bank regulation that sets the minimum reserves each commercial bank must hold to

customer deposits and notes. 10

5）protective tariff E) The part of the economy that is not state controlled, and is run by individuals and companies for profit. 4

6）beggar thy neighbor F) An expression in economics describing policy that seeks benefits for one country at the

expense of others. Such policies attempt to remedy the economic problems in one

country by means which tend to worsen the problems of other countries. 6

7) commodity G)A published ran king based on detailed financial analysis by a credit bureau, of one’s

financial history, specifically as it relates to one’s ability to meet debt obligations. 2

8）sovereign-debt crisis H) A crisis in which a national government owes so much debt that it is unable to repay or on

the edge of bankruptcy. 8

9）food-price index I) A tariff which tries to ban imports to stop them competing with local products 5

10）reserve requirement J) A situation where economic growth slides back to negative after a short-lived growth and the economy may move into a deeper and longer downturn. 1

4.Translate the following into Chinese:

星期五，世界上20个主要经济体的领导人结束了在这座东北亚首都城市举行的为期两天的峰会。各国争论不休，然而却没有就避免破坏性货币和贸易战争的具体措施达成一致意见。会议遭遇的挫折远多于收获，而奥巴马总统最为沮丧，其采取统一方法推动全球经济的努力未能成功。20国集团成员国突然拒绝支持美国迫使中国提高币值的尝试，延续了这场痛苦的争端，很多人认为争端最终会导致全球贸易战。

在离开这座城市之前，各国领导人发表了一项打了折扣的声明，仅仅同意避免货币的“竞争性贬值”。这份联合声明大致描述了他们推动增长，并平衡贸易和汇率以及避免贸易保护主义政策的意图。美国官员称此为一份重要协议，将会帮助减轻一些承受巨额贸易逆差的国家的压力。但是各国并没有义务遵守这些协议。

在最后的讲话中，奥巴马对这次令人失望的峰会持积极态度，说世界上的发达国家和发展中国家已经成功地把世界经济引入通往复苏的道路。但是他也承认参与峰会的各国可能重陷一种险境：引起本次全球经济危机的经济失衡。尽管如此，他不会承认在后门会议上遭遇的失败。这样的会议经常被认为是处于陷入敌对状态的边缘。

“我们在此所做的工作并不一定那么激动人心、始终能改变世界，但我们确实是在稳步地增强国际管理机制和机构，减少世界各国间的摩擦”，奥巴马说。他强调二十国集团领袖们作出了巨大的努力，包括建立国际社会所要求的裁定当事国是否对贸易伙伴采取不公平做法的仲裁机制。“有时我觉得人们本能地聚焦于分歧也是很自然的，”美国总统说，但实际上“我们在每次这样的峰会上都取得实质性的进展。”

但在首尔，世界领袖们一再显示他们无意妥协，只愿做出空泛的许诺，难以遮盖他们在寻求共识果敢行动上的无能。不能达成共识有时则会促使世界各国去追求各自的利益，而会损害有协调的全球均衡增长。

5.Fill in each of the following gaps with one of the sentences given below:

1) This week the IMF predicted that global GDP should expand by 4.8% this year.

2) Most obviously, there is the gap between the vitality of the big emerging economies, some of which have been sprinting along at close to 10%, and the sluggishness of many rich ones.

3) Poor countries, especially young ones, ought in theory to invest more than they save, and so be a net source of demand for richer, older ones, all the more so when the latter are in bad shape.

4) Rich countries are planning tax rises and spending cuts worth 1.25% of their collective GDP in 2011, the biggest synchronised fiscal tightening on record.

5) Even in America the ageing of the baby-boomers points to a slower-growing workforce.

Supplementary Reading

The Survival of the Safest

1.Which of the following is an important reason for the American economy’s persistent weakness?

A.new risks

B.damage to moral e∨

C.distrust in one another

D.John Maynard Keynes’ theory

2.According to the passage, the book “Why Wages Don’t Fall During a Recession” focuses on:

A.the recession of 1999

B.the recession of 1990-1999

C.the recession of 1990-1991∨

D.the recession of 2008-now

3.What is unusual about the market for labor compared with other productive factors?

A.For other productive factors such as wheat, the price usually drops until the excess supply is mostly gone.

B.Excess supply of labor shows up as unemployment.

C.Unlike factors of productions such as wheat or trucks, human beings don’t have morale issues.

D.For labor market, excess supply can be prominent and persistent.∨

4.The managers that Professor Bewley interviewed consistently told that:

A.they are concerned about both the emotional and physical state of their core employees.

B.they are concerned about the emotional state of their core employees ∨

C.they are concerned about the physical state of their core employees

D.they are concerned about the emotional state of all their employees

5.The underlined part in the sentence “…they steel themselves against sentimentality…”means:

A.Become hard-hearted ∨

B.Wrap themselves with steel.

C.Be equipped with steel

D.Fight against

6.Why do managers often lay off more people than necessary?

A.To ensure that they don’t have to repeat the ordeal anytime soon.∨

B.To ensure that the remaining workers work harder.

C.To cut down cost

D.Because the remaining workers want to take extra work.

7.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A.The laid-off employees can directly “poison the atmosphere” in their former workplaces.

B.The laid-off employees can never “poison the atmosphere” in their former workplaces once they get fired.

C.The laid-off employees can indirectly “poison the atmosphere” in their former workplaces.∨

D.The laid-off employees are forbidden to get in touch with those remaining employees.

8.Which of the following will employees who stay employed not experience?

A.survivor’s guilt

B.pain

C.empathy with the less fortunate

D.extravagant vocations ∨

9.Which of the following is NOT a consequence of the reticence of employees?

A.Preserving jobs in one’s own company ∨

B.Working against job growth elsewhere.

C.Resulting in a loss of vigor in the aggregate economy.

D.Leading to the sapping of creativity.

10.The author suggests that the current unemployment may be solved by:

A.Inspiring creativity in private sector.

B.Initiating big government programs to create jobs ∨

C.Boosting work moral in businesses.

D.Raising wages for employees.

Unit 3

Time to rebalance

Exercises

1.Answer the questions on the text.

1)How did Steve Hilton feel when Lehman Brothers collapsed?

The world was coming to an end.

2)What did Mr. Hilton do to save his company?

(1)Giving up options to buy thousands of lots.

(2)Laying off 3/4 of his employees.

(3)Redesigning his houses to cut construction cost.

(4)Serving customers with guaranteed payment.

3)In what sense America as a country is similar to Mr. Hilton’s company?

Dismissing workers in the whole country and experiencing one of the worst economic recessions in history.

4)What does “the biggest transformations” mean?

Macroeconomically, the US will change from debt and consumption to saving and exports.

Microeconomically, Americans will have different lifestyles and do different jobs in different places.

5)According to the McKinsey Global Institute, what is the common practice of consumers during economic crises?

Consumers generally try to cut their debt to more manageable levels.

6)What is the major difference between credit cards and charge cards?

Both are a line of credit for a customer. For a credit card, the customer can choose to pay in full or partially at the end of a month. When paying partially, the customer can pay interest on the balance until it is paid in full. Some people just keep making partial payments and pay interest on credit cards for years and years. But for a charge card, the customer has to pay the entire amount off each time he/she receives a bill. It is not allowed to make a partial payment and no interest is involved.

7)How is the current recession different from the previous ones?

It was triggered by a financial crisis that made it impossible to channel savings to productive investment and left customers and enterprises struggling with things from the boom.

8)What is the dilemma the Obama administration in concerning the stimulus?

On the one hand, the administration expects to reduce federal deficit. On the other hand, it worries that the withdrawing the stimulus may push the American economy back into recession.

9)What are the reasons for economic restructuring according to the report?

Tighter credit, lower consumer borrowing, and higher energy prices.

10)What is said about business investment?

It is expected to be robust, especially for equipment. But it can never substitute consumer spending.

11)What changes have occurred in the United States in terms of consumption?

(1)American consumers spend less but save more.

(2)American companies thus look to an export boom abroad.

(3)The US has changed from a consuming nation to an exporting economy, accounting for only 27% of global

consumption this year, much less than that of emerging markets.

12)What makes the report optimistic about the American economy?

(1)The US has been increasing exports abroad, particularly emerging markets.

(2)America’s current-account deficit dropped from 6% to 3%.

(3)American firms are busy preparing for their investment.

2.Fill in each blank of the following sentences with one of the phrases in the list given below. Make changes when

necessary.

1)Investors from big cities are quick to snap up real estates in this booming town for their rising future values.

2)There are already clear signals that the investors will shift away from the financial firm in legal trouble.

3)High input costs are likely to put pressure on steel prices in the domestic market even if demand still remains high.

4)The prime minister said Thursday that a new international airport will be built in the southern city to cater to the rising

number of passengers and air cargoes there.

5)Many economists fear that the contraction of money supply may dry up financing needed for various economic

activities.

6)Professor Nil was, however, quick to warn the public to be on their guard against those counterfeits already in

circulation.

7)Academy Awards, Emmy Awards and dozens of prestigious awards from prominent film festivals around the world

attest to the stellar quality of the films being featured at the annual World Community Film Festival.

8) A neighborhood group in the district plans to hold a fundraiser to help children pay off overdue book fines so that they

can resume using their library.

9)The writer’s fame shrank last year because the public thought he was knocking out so many things.

10)Business leaders have urged the government to snap up farmland overseas to grow basic staples as a buffer against

soaring food prices.

11)The Vancouver team vowed to get back to doing the little things right and knew it would add up to big things.

12)What has happened over the past few years indicates that great political, social and economic transformations are in

the making.

3.Match the terms in column A with the definitions in column B.

A_______________________ B________________________________________

1)emerging market A) A contract that permits the owner, depending on

the type of option held, to purchase or sell an

asset at a fixed price until a specific date.6

2)profit margin B) A theoretical construct that represents economic

processes by a set of variables and a set of logical

and quantitative relationships between them.10

3)consumer spending C) An economy, with fast growth rate but low to

middle per capita income, has opened up its

market and integrated itself into the global

economy.1

4)consumerism D) The process of moving from a period of losses

or low profitability into a more profitable stage

for a firm, industry or economy.8

5)disposable income E) Ratio of profit after taxes to cost-of-sales, often

expressed as a percentage, measuring the

profitability of a firm and indicating its cost

structure.2

6)option F) Portion of the balance of payments consisting

of exports and imports of goods and services, as

well as transfer payments such as foreign aid

grants. 9

7)economic restructuring G) The amount of money spent by households,

measured monthly, making up an important part

of an economy.3

8)turnaround H) The phenomenon of an economy shifting from

a manufacturing to a service sector economic

base. 7

9)current account I) A movement equating personal happiness with

purchasing material possessions and

consumption. 4

10)economic model J) The amount of income left to an individual

after taxes have been paid, available for

spending and saving. 5

4.Translate the following passage into Chinese:

目前石油价格飞涨，接近110美元一桶，食品和其他货物的成本也随之上涨。

然而不仅仅只是石油价格上升，实际上还有美元的贬值，去年在国际上对其他主要货币就贬值了18%。

美元变得一文不值，而与通常的经济衰退不同，美国经济的GDP却仍在增长，2007年美国的GDP增长了2.2%，达到13.8万亿美元。但2007年究竟发生了什么，使美国经济遭受了毁灭性的打击呢？其答案并不简单。

房产和信贷危机损坏了美元的币值。想象一下，假如有人把成千上万的美元假币投入到美国经济中，而又被媒体发现了，这肯定会导致经济混乱，触发社会骚动，百姓不再信任现钞，从而摧毁美元的币值。

不过，美国的情况并不是假币，而是泛滥的信贷。美国人的按揭抵押、信用卡和国债太多了。他们依赖来自中国和其他国家的进口，本身的经济则过于强调服务业，而缺乏制造业的支撑。

其结果是美元实际上已不太值钱，只是一张纸币而已。可因其稳定和坚挺，过去数十年世界各国银行一直将美元作为储备货币，其币值是由海外强劲的需求支撑的。然而在布什政府时代，乔治·布什心不在焉，不重视经济发展与繁荣，经济基本上完全被他忽视了，而将精力放在国际反恐上。

在历史上，货币实际上曾经是由象黄金这样的贵金属支撑的，但那样的时代早已一去不复返了。现在货币的比值是由政府和市场说了算，它们允许各国货币根据国际市场的需求浮动，但当一国的多数买卖是由信贷支付而没有足够的实体经济来支撑这些买卖时，那该国的货币最终就会暴跌。

因此，美国现在所处的正是这种景况。商品价格飞涨，这意味着美国的GDP仍在增长，但这种增长是由于通货膨胀抬高商品价格而促成的。不过，假如你调整我们的GDP，把货币贬值的因素考虑进去，那么你马上就知道真相了。美国现在处于经济衰退之中，美国人还未意识到是因为我们的GDP数字看起来仍在上升，但他们并不知情的是：我们的GDP价值实际上已下降了。

由于上述状况再加上按揭抵押和信贷危机，美国势必经历一段失控而危险的经济旅程。

5.Read the following text and choose the best sentence from the list A-E below to fill in each of the gaps in the text.

1)They would like to drive more money into the economy now to pump up the recovery as a hedge against the feared

double dip.

2)In place of that $154 billion bill, the White House prompted the House to pass a narrower $54 billion plan in May.

3)But Senate Democrats couldn't pass that bill either.

4)In some cases that means a renewed push for ideas Obama has been touting since late 2009.

5)For instance, it is more aggressively promoting a $13 billion business-hiring tax credit that Congress has already

passed.

Supplementary Reading

The credit crunch has shattered America's 'neoliberal dream'

1. It was ________ that caused the end of the dominance of free-market capitalism.

A. American budget deficit

B. the global financial crisis∨

C. International Monetary fund

D. anti-market movement

2. The two writers argued in their book that in most of the 20th century the world ________.

A. spent the time fighting wars

B. tried to find out what the American dream was about

C. bought up the American dream and all its products∨

D. looked into the Americans and their way life

3. More than $800 billion national debt in the form of treasury bonds was due to ________.

A. a decade-long borrowing binge by the Americans∨

B. transfer of power

C. credit crunch in the United States

D. unbridled free-market capitalism

4. IMF chief economist Olivier Blanchard believes that a zero interest rate ________.

A. gives more room for monetary policy to be eased

B. result in less deterioration of fiscal positions

C. frees your hands during times of trouble

D. is a severe restriction on monetary policy∨

5. The author of this article feels it is ________ for the IMF to impose its policies with conditions.

A. acceptable

B. natural

C. unfair∨

D. normal

6. Lord Turner is regarded as a hate figure in the IMF because he ________.

A. challenged the financialization of the world economy∨

B. praised the neoliberal dream

C. came up with many of the financial innovations

D. revealed the true value of underlying assets

7. It can be inferred that ________ is one of the credit derivatives that were claimed to enhance the transparency of the

financial market.

A. interest rate

B. market intervention

C. capital transfer

D. the credit default swap∨

8. The following are the reasons why India avoided the worst situation of the financial crisis EXCPT that ________.

A. it did not blindly accept the neoliberal orthodoxy

B. it looked woefully backward∨

C. it kept some control over the growth of credit

D. it did not follow financial liberalization

9. What does the term “spiritual homes” mean in the article?

A. Places where people can live like their own homes.

B. Hospitals where mentally ill patients are treated.

C. Centers of neoliberal capitalism where its proponents feel they belong and can depend on psychologically.∨

D. Schools where children receive spiritual education.

10. The author thinks it’s still too early to say that we have had ________ though many countries in the world have taken divergent paths to development.

A. a success in dealing with the global warming issue

B. a fully thought-through alternative economic orthodoxy∨

C. a growing role for governments and regulation

D. a replacement for Coke, denim or hamburgers

Unit 4

The Incredible Shrinking Europe

Exercises

1. Answers to the questions on the text:

1) What was the dream that the Europhiles were familiar with?

Their dream was to make E.U. a newly emboldened world power stepping up to calm trouble spots, using aid and persuasion where it could, but prepared to send in troops when it had to.

2) Why does the passage say that Europe is a remarkably good place to live?

Because Europe is more stable, safe, green and culturally diverse than most parts of the world and a quality life can be guaranteed in E.U. states.

3) Does the good life at home make Europe strong abroad ? Why?

No, a good life at home doesn’t mean a str ong Europe abroad. Because the E.U. may have all the soft-power credentials in the world, but on the grand stage it has lacked the weight and influence of others on some big issues.

4) What do Critics think of the selection of Herman Van Rompuy and Catherine Ashton as Europe's President and Foreign Minister?

They consider the selection as symbolic of a lack of vision and it means the grouping will have to reconcile itself to five years of underperformance.

5) What can be listed as E.U.’s achievements in th e years around 1980s according to the passage?

By extending an area of peace and liberal government to the east, the E.U. has done much to calm a part of the world that not long ago was the cockpit for murderous rivalries.

6) In what way can Europe realize its own dreams and those of others according to the passage?

It has to act as a true single bloc and win others to its side.

7) Why does the German government face enormous domestic challenges in admitting its forces in Afghanistan are there to fight, not to be humanitarian workers in uniform ?

Because one of modern Europe's most cherished convictions is that the force of arms rarely settles political disputes for long and European public opinion in the 20th century seems unwilling to commit to the war in Afghanistan for the long haul.

8) What roles did Germany play in Europe in the 20th century?

For the last half of the 20th century, Germany was at the heart of the European experiment. But since the end of the Cold

War, it has stepped back from the E.U. and begun strengthening ties with Russia.

9 What are the advantages for E.U. to be chosen as the White House’s partner?

The advantages are that Europe is rich and democratic, and its values are closer to those of the U.S. than those of anywhere else.

2. Fill in each blank of the following sentences with one of the phrases in the list given below. Make changes when

necessary.

1) China will adhere to the principle of developing high technology and realizing industrialization to step up the

commercialization, industrialization and internationalization of scientific and technological achievements.

2) In the recent crisis no banks could manage to bail out the companies in financial pressure.

3) In terms of the information from the Universe he is apathetic and sometimes irritable, he is like an ostrich sticking his

head in sand.

4) It will be up to the board to decide if the CEO should be removed.

5) All our hopes rest upon the arrival of the shipment.

6) The plan has already been worked out, and could be put into operation at a moment's notice.

7) The whole machinery of civilization will break down if this doctrine wins in the war.

8) His remarks hit home when he said that we did not work enough.

9) Some analysts suspected that Toyota had pulled strings to stifle probes into its

auto quality problems.

10) Mercy is reaching out to those who have nothing to give back to you.

3. Match the terms in column A with the explanations in column B:

A ____________________ B_____________________________________

1)free market A) Effects on the behavior of individuals caused

by observation of the actions of others and their

consequences. 3

2) coalition government B) An economic turmoil where companies go bankrupt, people are laid off, and markets are

sluggish. There is a lot of panic in both business and daily lives.9

3) demonstration effects C) A market in which there is no economic interventionby the state, except to enforce private

contracts and the ownership of property. 1

4) health insurance D) A qualified retirement plan set up by a

corporation, labor union, government, or other

organization for its employees. 6

E) A form of collectivism by means of which

people collectively pool their risk, in this case

the risk of incurring medical expenses. 4

5) national interest F) The ability to obtain what one wants through economic or cultural means. It allows

nations to exert their influence without using military means or coercion. 8

6) pension scheme G) A fight or contention for territory, power,

control, or resources between tow more parties

in a place or area.. 7

7) turf war H) Things of great importance to a nation,

including its goals, visions and ambitions in political, economic,

cultural fields, etc. and actions, circumstances, and decisions to

achieve them. 5

8) soft power I) A cabinet of a parliamentary government in

which several parties cooperate. 2

9) economic crunch

4. Translate the following into Chinese.

有什么能让欧洲振奋起来吗？

当然：如果欧洲领导人能像20年前那样抓住时机，欧盟就将繁荣昌盛。

欧洲人担心工作不保和储蓄减少，各国政府和公司无法轻易借款，银行倒闭，单一货币摇摇欲坠，此时，欧盟面临的不仅仅是经济危机，还有政治危机。到目前为止，欧洲各国面临的威胁有所不同。在过去的18个月里，它们常因金融市场表现低迷而饱受争议或遭到指责，大多在被否定与威吓中寻求庇护。尽管采取了新一轮的紧缩政策，并且向最脆弱的经济体启动了11小时庞大经济救援，欧洲在世界上的实力似乎已经削弱。

不屑一顾地看着欧洲对金融危机束手无策已成为亚洲和美洲的时尚。人们说，欧洲时代已成历史。日渐衰老而又故步自封的欧洲人已无战胜逆境的决心。然而病态的欧洲对谁都没有益处。即使如此，目前欧盟仍是世界最大经济体。如果它的经济运行健康的话，那么最严重的全球经济危机也许早已结束。在政治上，人人都与关乎欧洲命运的宏伟理想息息相关，即敌对国家之间可以进行战略协作取得双赢而非发动战争。在社会上，所有的民主国家最终都必须应对欧洲的难题，即政府和社保体系不断膨胀，可能阻碍为其提供资金的经济增长。

所以，不要耻笑欧洲的无能为力，全世界都应探询欧洲能否恢复活力，如果能，该怎样做。本报的回答不合时宜，但却积极乐观。欧洲的失败并非注定。如果欧盟领导人表现出一点点勇气，那么，此次危机就能转化为自20世纪80年代以来经济繁荣发展的最好机会。

在那个时代，欧洲遭遇了因两次石油危机而引起的低增长和高失业。当时被称为“欧洲硬化症”，但在杰出而又脾气暴躁的法国政治家欧共体主席雅克德洛尔的领导下，欧洲于1992年建立了单一市场，并恢复了活力，获得了新生。这些改革为欧盟进入最具活力的时代打下了坚实的基础。现在的政客们从此应该能得到点启示。

在过去的数十年中，欧洲享有特权的“圈内人”一直阻止欧洲的改革。但德洛尔先生克服重重困难，联手主张自由市场的自由派人士和欧洲一体化的倡导者，继续了这一改革进程。现在这一危机又为欧洲领袖们提供了继续改革联盟的机会，又重新聚焦到单一市场上。他们应该抓住这一机会。

5. Fill in each of the following gaps with one of the sentences given below:

1)Not only is the region lagging in the global rebound, it is also facing daunting long-term challenges.

2)Whether or not Europe can resolve these problems matters to everyone, whether they live in Europe or not.

3)Neither goal has been achieved.

4)At stake is the entire European economic system itself.

5)Many financial analysts believe the euro may continue its descent, perhaps to parity with the dollar, which would

represent a further depreciation of nearly 20%.

Supplementary Reading

Europe struggles to contain debt turmoil

1) Portugal government took radical austerity measures in order _______________.

A. to seek help from IMF

B. to strike investors

C. to fend off the speculative trades∨

D. to improve the government’s image

2) The countries that refused to take financial aid from E.U. are ________________.

A. Spain and Ireland

B. Portugal and Spain ∨

C. Portugal and Ireland

D. Ireland and Greece

3) The debt-reducing package approved by the Portuguese Parliament include______.

A. receiving more international loans

B. lowing bond yields

C. laying off workers

D. tax hikes and pay and welfare cuts ∨

4) Why did some E.U. members force Portugal to consider a bailout? _________.

A. Because they were afraid that the recession would threaten the 16-nation euro currency. ∨

B. Because they would like to see the countries which were most in the spotlight to accept assistance.

C. Because they wanted to avoid a sharper deterioration in bond markets.

D. Because they wanted to buy time.

5) Who denied pressure on Portugal to take financial aid according to the passage?________.

A. the European Commission, the European Central Bank and the German government ∨

B. the European Commission, the European Central Bank and IMF

C. the European Commission, IMF and the German government

D. the European Commission, the European Central Bank and the French government

6) How long does portugal have to to show markets it is able to bring its spending under control?

A. One year.

B. Six months. ∨

C. Sixteen months.

D. It doesn’t mention.

7) The Athens government’s tougher reforms for 2011 resulted in __________.

A. political turmoil

B. high debt and low growth

C. stocks slumped across the board

D. public outrage and a planned general strike. ∨

8) Why is Portugal especially vulnerable to market jitters according to the passage? _______.

A. Portugal’s banks are said to be sound.

B. Portugal’s high debt load compared to its gr oss domestic product and its meagre growth ∨

C. Portugal’s budget deficit last year was lower than those of Greece, Ireland and Spain

D. Portugal’s poor financial management

9) Which of the following is not the problem that Portugal faces in a long term? __________.

A. A congested legal system and education levels among the lowest in Europe.

B. I ndustry’s reluctance to risk adopting more modern work practices.

C. Portugal hopes to cut the deficit to 4.6 per cent, below the EU average. ∨

D. Labour laws that make Portugal hard to fire workers.

10) Which of the following countries are not among the four highest budget deficit countries in the eurozone? __________.

A. France and Spain

B. Germany and Ireland ∨

C. Britain and France

D. Portugal and Spain

Unit 5

Japan Goes From Dynamic to Disheartened

Exercises

1. Answer the questions on the text:

1)What were the two major factors comprising Japan’s economic bubble in the 1980’s?

# speculative stock

# property bubbles

2)What were the methods Japanese government adopted to stimulate its economy, but turned out to be a failure?

# budget deficits

# flood of easy money

3)What does “economic Godzilla” mean in the text?

It means economic giant with enormous power. It is so quoted because it is a Japan cultural icon.

4)What are the reasons that the U.S. would not follow Japan’s suit, according to some economists?

# the greater responsiveness of the American political system

# Americans’ greater tolerance for capitalism’s creative destruction

5)What are the specified steps in the “deflationary trap”?

Demand decreases→supply decreases→unemployment/reluctance in investing→less spending→less demand.

6)What are the factors contributing to Japan’s even dimmer future?

# t he world’s largest government debt (around 200% of GDP)

# a shrinking population

# rising rates of poverty and suicide

7)Why do people today refer to the Japanese youth as “herbivore s”?

Because: under the background of long-term economic stagnation, younger generation of Japan become pessimistic and fatalistic, and they lack ambitions that their parents once valued and become mildly tempered and behaved in both career and sex.

8)What do you think of Japan’s real estate industry?

During the period of deflation, property keeps losing its value, and people then refuse to buy new houses and house-owners are burdened with large sums of loan. They have to come up with different ways to cut expenses, which sabotages people’s expectations towards a better future.

9)Why is Mr. Kaiami expecting inflation to come back again?

Because the Japanese economy has been depressed and sluggish for so long. If inflation comes back he expects to see vibrancy of the Japanese economy again.

10)According to the article, how would you explain “destructive destruction”?

On the contrary to creative destruction, which describes the chaotic changes that occur when a new product (i.e., technology) or service is introduced into the market, and entrepreneurs can make great profit by innovation, destructive destruction here means people’s pessimistic expectation renders them making their living by cutting expenses and selling current property rather than risking creating new fortune.

2. Fill in each blank of the following sentences with one of the phrases in the list given below:

1)I have discovered that paying down your loan can result in being cash poor when a need or emergency arises.

2)The road to recovery is a long one, so the politicians must wake up to the recession, accept it and get us where we

need to go.

3)All signs point to Apple’s iPad sales as the recovery of tablet PCs and future spending boom.

4)During this urgent period, journalists were told to hold back on some stories in case they might do damage to the

delicate administration.

5)According to some analysts, BP Plc's oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico will drive down rental prices for deep- sea drilling

vessels by about 20 percent.

6)Consolidation is likely to increase s ince no one player controls more than 10 percent of the market, there’s a golden

opportunity for big fish to gobble up smaller businesses.

7)According to a survey, teachers and lawyers are put in the most overtime, they toil for ten hours a week unpaid.

8)They also added that they would not surrender the future of their children to a few people who are bent on enslaving

them for life.

9)China's top legislature is to deliberate about the draft amendment to the personal income tax law, a major move that is

meant to narrow the widening gap between the country's rich and poor.

10)We must bridge the gap between the supply and demand of power if we are to achieve higher rates of economic growth

on a sustainable basis in the next decade.

3. Match the terms in column A with the explanations in column B:

A B

1) budget deficit a) A procedure which, in certain jurisdictions,

allows an individual to declare bankruptcy. 10

2) stagnation b) The highest-ranking corporate administrator

in charge of total management of an

organization. 9

3) price war c) The amount by which a government,

company, or individual's spending exceeds its

income over a particular period of time. 1

4) speculative stock d) A procedure with rapid increases in

valuations of real estate until they reach

unsustainable levels relative to incomes and

other economic elements, followed by a

reduction in price levels. 8

5) deflation e) Commerce money that can be borrowed at

a low interest rate. 7

6) gross domestic product f) A period of time in which an economy

experiences difficulties and achieves little or

no growth. 2

7) easy money g) Market situation in which (usually two)

Powerful competitors try to usurp each

other's market share by progressively

reducing prices until one of them retreats, at

least temporarily. 3

8) property bubble h) The monetary value of all the finished

goods and services produced within a

country's borders in a specific time period. 6

9) chief executive officer i) A general decline in prices, often caused by a

reduction in the supply of money or credit. 5

10) personal bankruptcy j) a stock with high risk relative to any potential

positive returns. 4

6.Translate the following into Chinese:

自2008年经济震荡以来酋长国城市迪拜遭受了媒体的负面宣传。假如该城市国的统治者们在这时退缩的话，他们只能怪自己了。不管怎么说，是他们自己首先招徕了媒体的关注。只在二十来年之前，迪拜还只不过是空旷的沙漠而已，没有任何理由建曼哈顿式的高楼大厦，更不用说世界最高楼了。也就是说，除了浮华的抱负外没有任何其他理由能使荒芜之地变为世界上最具活力的城市之一。

当迪拜塔（世界最高塔最初的名称）开建时，迪拜正处于由国外投机商促成的划时代繁荣之中，奢华发展项目接连不断。1月4日迪拜塔正式开张时虽烟花绚丽多睬，但实际上这种哗众取宠的表现已开始衰减了。在这数周之前，迪拜最大的国有开发公司就已宣布无力偿债。官方公布的数据显示迪拜欠债主800亿美元，但阿拉伯地区最大的投资银行EFG-Hermes估计其债务可能高达1700亿美元。后来为了避免这一十分尴尬的局面，石油资源丰富的阿布扎比的统治者Sheik Khalifa al-Nahyan注入了100亿美元，而且该摩天大楼的主人把该楼改名为哈利法塔。对于一个习惯于华丽辞藻的城市来说，这已是相当的落魄了。

不过，在接踵而来的恐慌、指控和幸灾乐祸之中，人们可能很容易忘记，海湾不仅仅只有迪拜。临近的竞争对手们从金融危机中恢复的状态比其伤痕累累邻居要好，其中有些因更丰富的石油天然气资源比迪拜要富得多。根据里雅得沙特法国银行和巴黎农业信贷银行首席经济学家John Sfakianakis的预测，海湾地区今年不光能从全球衰退中复苏，而且可能成为继东南亚经济后第二个最重要的全球经济增长中心。他说：“世界一直来只关注迪拜，但迪拜不是海湾合作委员会，”他指的是比较松散的海湾国家政治和经济联盟。“从短期看，迪拜的问题可能会影响世界对该地区的看法。但从长远看，海湾地区一定会展现强劲的增长势头。”

7.Fill in each of the following gaps with one of the sentences given below:

1)This is a nightmare for all but the most innovative businesses.

2)Well, the Japanese are starting to do that.

3)They might be living with their parents, saving their salaries for designer handbags.

4)Always conscious that it has no oil of its own, Japan is now the most energy-efficient large economy.

5)The capital's public-transport system also makes it easy and cheap to get around.

Supplementary Reading

Asian Economies Rebound in Spite of the West

1.The word "decoupling" in the first paragraph refers to the process that __________.

A.U.S. economy is still reliant on Asia countries’ export so as to revive in a short time.

B.U.S. economy does n’t necessarily have to depend on Asian countries’ export.

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/a013101751.html,n economies become independent on U.S. consumption and boom all by themselves. ∨

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/a013101751.html,n economies still have to depend on U.S. consumer spending.

2.According to the context, what does “R.I.P.” in “decoupling R.I.P.” in the second paragraph mean?

A.Rest in Peace.∨

B.Routing Information Protocol.

C.Render Immense Power.

D.Recovery Is Possible.

3.Which of the following is true as the signs of Asian economy recovery?

A.China’s export has increased by 17% every month this year.

B.India’s 5.8% growth is not as good as estimated.

C.Indonesia has achieved a quick and smooth growth of 4.4%.

D.India’s performance has exceeded previous expectation.∨

4.What is the core of the decoupling thesis?

A.The West will consume the majority of products that Asian economies produce.

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/a013101751.html,n economies can achieve growth among themselves by domestic demands.∨

C.Consumer spending in Asia can't fill the gap left by falling exports to the U.S..

D.U.S. can hold up its economy by domestic demand.

5.What is one important reason of Asian revival according to Merrill Lynch?

A.The West is getting richer and begins to consume more goods from Asia..

B.China has a larger domestic demand which results in a jump in import from the rest of the region.∨

C.Japan is more economically interrelated with other Asian countries.

D.U.S. has declined the import from Europe and Japan, instead, it import more from Asia.

6.Why does Chinese government spend large sum of money to cover 90% population with health-care?

A.To build a good image in international community.

B.To fulfill its commitment to upholding human rights.

C.To persuade Chinese people into buying heath insurance.

D.To remove the poor people’s economic burden and encourage them to consume more.∨

7.In the last paragraph, what does “The American economy matters a lot less than people thought.” mean?

A.American economy is less developed than Asia.

B.American economy doesn’t matter to Asia any longer.

C.People thought that American economy is not as good as Asia’s.

D.American economy is far less important than it was considered to be.∨

8.From this article, it can be inferred that__________?

A.decoupling theory has already shifted from an idea to promise.

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/a013101751.html, has begun to look into itself for future growth rather than outside economies.∨

C.Japan is leading Asia to develop with its high technology and export.

D.China is leading Asia to develop with its productivity and export.

Unit 6

Goodbye, Free Trade?

Exercises

1.Answer the questions on the text.

1) What was the result when the House of Representatives passed the Hawley-Smoot Tariff Act in 1930?

The economic recession in the United States became even worse.

2) According to the author, what happens when a currency appreciates?

It diminishes the export advantage of the country and makes it difficult to increase exports or even maintain the status quo.

3) How did American politicians take advantage of the public’s strong anti-free-trade sentiment in the United

States?

They created a talking point in charges of unfair trade so that they thought they could benefit in the mid-term elections.

4) What did American politicians and economists agree and disagree over the Hawley-Smoot Tariff Act?

Almost all of them agreed that it was a bad law, but they disagreed whether it triggered the Great Depression in the 1930s.

5) What did Milton Friedman think were the more important reasons for the Great Depression?

The malfunctioning gold standard system and inept monetary policy of the Federal Reserve.

6) What was the foreign reaction unexpected by the American lawmakers after the Hawley-Smoot Tariff Act was

enacted?

The trading partners were angered and imposed discriminatory tariffs on American goods. Canada in particular, as the largest export market for the US, reacted fiercely and handed its market over to the British competitors.

7) Why is it unlikely for the US to adopt another Smoot-Hawley today in the eye of the author?

(1)The US is much more integrated into the world economy today than it was in the 1930s.

(2)Import restrictions seldom achieve their intended goals, instead, often end up hurting American industries and

consumers.

(3)The Americans have learned to consider the possible strong foreign retaliation against US exporters.

8) What were the respective results for those countries withdrawing from the gold standard and those clinging to it

during the 1930s according to the author?

Those countries going off the gold standard allowed their currencies to depreciate, avoided protectionist trade policies and, instead, used monetary policy to end price deflation and stimulate economic growth.

Those countries choosing to stay on pursued protectionist trade policies by imposing high tariffs, import quotas and exchange controls, which did little in boosting their economic growth. Thus they suffered a longer economic depression.

9) How does the author justify his support for the policy of "quantitative easing"?

(1) Historically, the most important tool for resisting protectionist sentiment in the 1930s was a monetary policy that

would promote economic growth.

Today the US is in a similar situation. Taking right monetary policy can alleviate the pressure on Washington to adopt protectionist trade policy and can help to raise output before it leads to a high inflation.

(2) He also quotes what Charles Evens said: Additional measures taken by the Fed to stimulate growth should condoned,

not condemned.

(3) What Mr. Friedman wrote 1997 about Japan: The surest road to a healthy economic recovery is to increase the rate

of monetary growth, to shift from tight money to easier money.

10) What does the author imply about the US Congress?

In comparison with the Fed, the US Congress is following a trade protectionist policy in blaming other countries for its unemployment and may cause serious trade retaliations from trading partners.

2. Fill in each blank of the following sentences with one of the phrases in the list given below. Make changes when necessary.

1)As the financial scandal involves so many people, the probe in to it could drag on for another year.

商务英语翻译复习题英汉段落翻译

Passage 1 This trend is likely to persist, in part because it isn’t just wealth that’s moving from West to East. Each time manufacturing and services are outsourced to Asia, knowledge, technology and skills are also transferred. Professor Richard Smalley, a Nobel-Prize-winning chemist at RiceUniversity, estimated that by 2010, 90% of all Ph,Ds in physical science and engineering may be living in Asia. With economic prowess comes geopolitical power. For many countries, exports to China have replaced exports to the U.S. as engines of growth—one reason why a long-time U.S. ally likeSouth Korea is cozying up to China. Moreover, China’s appetite for raw materials is shifting political power from industrialized countries to resource-rich ones. 这一趋势很可能会持续下去，部分原因是它不仅仅是财富的由西向东流动。每次生产和服务外包到亚洲的时候，知识，工艺和技能都会随之得到转移。莱斯大学的化学家，诺贝尔奖获得者，理查德·斯麦利估计到2010年，90%的物理学和工程学可能都住在亚洲。随着经济威力的出现，地理政治力量也出现了。对于许多国家来说，对中国的出口已经取代了对美国的出口，成为其增长发动机—这也是一些美国的长期同盟国，如韩国，开始奉承中国的原因。而且，中国对原料的需求正在将政治力量从工业化国家像资源丰富的国家转移。 Passage 2 There is no 1 best corporate culture. An optimal culture is one that best supports the mission and strategy of the company of which it is a part. This means that, like structure and staffing, corporate culture should support the strategy. Unless strategy is in complete agreement with the culture, any significant change in strategy should be followed by a modification of the organization’s culture. Although corporate culture can be changed, it may often take a long time and it requires much effort. A key job of management involves managing corporate culture. In doing so, management must evaluate what a particular change in strategy means to the corporate culture, assess if a change in culture is needed, and decide if an attempt to change the culture is worth the likely costs. 最好的企业文化是不存在的。一个理想的文化对所在公司的任务和策略能够给予最好的支持。也就是说，企业文化像公司的组织机构和职员一样能支撑其策略的实施。除非策略与文化达到完全统一，否则在策略上所做的任何重大改变都会导致组织文化的变化。虽然企业文化可以改变，但这可能需要很长的时间，也要花费大量的精力。管理的一个重要工作就是管理企业文化。这就是说要评价一个特定的策略改变对企业文化意味着什么，评估文化是否也需要改变，并且决定是否值得做这样的改变。 Passage 3 Many investment managers devote their time and energy to seeking out profitable investments from which they hope to earn more than the equity premium return offered by the overall market. They operate on the belief that they know more than the sellers from whom they buy—and therefore will be able to buy low. Or when they are selling, they will know more than the buyers to whom they sell—and therefore will be able to sell high. This may have been realistic for numerous investors many years ago, but it is a more questionable strategy in today’s market where the prices of stocks are set by the trading of sophisticated, informed, professional investors managing the funds of large institutions. 许多投资经理人将自己的时间和经理投入与寻求有利可图的投资，从中他们希望获得比整个市场提供的股权溢价回收更多的利润。他们相信自己比那些向他们卖出东西的卖方了解更多，因而他们可以低价购进。或者，当他们在卖东西的时候，他们会比买方了解得

商务英语翻译试题(二)试卷及答案-2

商务英语翻译试题（二） Ⅰ词汇测试题：（2题，每题10分，共20分） 1．该组有10个商务英语英文词或词组，下面均有英文词或词组来进行解释。请将正确的选项标出，要求英英转换意义准确，符合商务英语规范。（10分） (1) promote A. to encourage the popularity, sale or development B. to change or vary C. to act as judge in an argument D. to speak or write to someone (2) to address A. to speak or write to someone, or to direct information at someone. B. to offer, supply C. to stipulate D. to come up with ideas (3) to indemnify A. to pay for the damage B. to state something officially C. to suggest an idea D. to use something instead of another (4) to cancel an order A. to confirm an order B. to deliver a letter C. to recommend a candidate D. to make void or of no effect (5) ceiling A. upper limit B. cancellation C. bottom D. the lowest point (6) tide over A. to help sb. during a period of difficulty B. to spend a lot of time doing C. to tie to sth. D. to try one’s best (7) carry out A. to take away B. to perform or complete C. to give or offer something D. to suggest an idea (8) to complicate A. to finish something B. to be dissatisfied with something C. to make something more difficult to deal with D. to compare with something (9) to put on an event A. to come up with ideas B. to come on for sth. 2

商务英语阅读习题及答案一.doc

II) Match each one on the left with its correct meaning on the right 1. motivation 2. pursue 3. mark up 4. procurement 5. intangible 6. cargoroyalty 商务英语阅读习题（一） I) Comprehension 1. What is international trade? 2. What are the major motivations for private firm to operate international business? 3. What measures do most companies usually adopt to avoid wild swings in the sales and profits? 4. Pleas give the four major modes chosen by most companies when entering into international trade. 5. Could you find any difference between Direct Investment and Portfolio Investment? If you can, please tell the main reasons. 6. What is MNE? What are its synonyms? 7. What limits a firm's sales? A. to make continual efforts to gain sth. B. the action of obtaining, esp. by efforts of careful attention. C. which by is its nature can not be known by senses, not clear and certain, not real. D. the goods (freight) carried by a ship, plane or vehicle. E. the amount by which a price is raised. F. profit, interest- G. the net value of assets or interest, invest. 8. equity 股本，资产净值 H. not needing other things or people, taking decisions alone. 9. yield I. a share of the profits. 10. independent J. need or purpose. 2. A 3.E 4.B 5. C 6.D 7.1 8.G 9.F 10.H HI) Fill in the blanks with the words or expressions given below and if necessary, put the word in the right form. A. orientation B. diversify C. seek out D. differentiate...from E. take advantage of F. undergo G. bring about H. correspond L abandon J. amount to K. Come after L. approach 1. That factory is trying to B its products to sell in different markets. 2. A successful businessman is always skilled in E every possible opportunity. 3. Reforming and opening to the world has G great changes in our lives. 4. Can you D this kind of operating the others? 5. Private firm going in for international business have a profit A 6. He I his company and family and went away with all the money. 7. The L of winter brings cold weather. 8. The manager's words J a refusal to the proposal.

商务英语翻译课程教学大纲

商务英语翻译课程教学大纲课程编码：课程性质：专业方向课课时： 36（20+16）学分：2 开课学期：第5学期先修课程：基础英语适用专业：商务英语专业课程简介：《商务英语翻译》课程是为培养“英语+专业”的应用型涉外人才而设置，从英汉两种语言在表达上的差异入手，旨在通过向学生传授基本的翻译理论和技巧，并结合大量的实践训练，培养学生的翻译能力，从而提高其英语综合运用能力，并使学生能够胜任国际贸易中出现的各类实用文体以及简单的文字翻译工作。一、课程教学目标本课程以培养学生的翻译能力为目标，旨在使商务英语专业学生掌握和运用一些基本的翻译理论；能够在一些参考书的辅助下，熟练翻译名片、商标、标识、公司简介、产品说明、广告等商务英语方面的资料；能够掌握常见的组织机构的翻译方式；能够运用所学翻译技巧熟练翻译各类公关文稿；能够正确翻译商务信函和单证材料；能够正确熟练翻译各种常见商务报告，译文达意，格式恰当；能够辨识一些商务文本存在的翻译问题和错误。在大量实例训练中锻炼学生在商务语境下有效进行英汉、汉英互译、正确传达信息、顺畅开展交流的能力。二、课程重点、难点该课程教学重点是英语商务文本汉译的基本知识、理论和方法，难点是专业外贸知识及专业术语；跨文化交际理论与实践三、整体课时分配

四、课程内容安排（一）Unit1 Business Cards 主要内容：英汉名片的互译、设计和正确运用中英文商务名片、商务英语翻译中遵循正确的翻译原则教学要求：帮助学生初步了解商务名片的互译特点与原则其它教学环节：案例教学（二）Unit 2 Signs 主要内容：商务环境中的常见中英文标识、中英文标识的语言特点及其常见翻译技巧教学要求：帮助学生了解商务环境中的常见中英文标识，掌握常见翻译技巧重点、难点：商务环境中的直译法和意译法其它教学环节：情景教学（三）Unit 3 Trademarks 主要内容：识别中英文商标、商标的翻译、转译法教学要求：帮助学生了解中英文商标的翻译重点、难点：商标翻译中的转译法其它教学环节：案例教学（四）Unit 4 Organizations 主要内容：识别组织机构名称、外来词翻译法教学要求：帮助学生了解商务环境下常见的组织机构名称与外来词翻译重点、难点：织机构名称其它教学环节：交互教学（五）Unit 5 Company Introductions 主要内容：公司简介翻译教学要求：帮助学生掌握被动语态、名词从句、定语从句、状语从句和长句的拆合、转译。重点、难点：长句的拆译，各类从句的转译其它教学环节：案例教学（六）Unit 6 Product Descriptions & Advertisement 主要内容：产品介绍的翻译和广告教学要求：帮助学生掌握运用反译法进行英汉互译重点、难点：反译法其它教学环节：案例教学（七）Unit 7 Business Contracts 主要内容：商务合同的翻译教学要求：帮助学生掌握商务合同常见术语和句式、正确翻译常见合同文本、长句的处理重点、难点：商务合同常见术语和句式其它教学环节：案例教学五、教材与学习资源 1. 教材：谢金领.《世纪商务英语翻译教程》.大连理工大学出版社，2009. 2. 主要参考资料：张新红等.《商务英语翻译》.高等教育出版社，2004.

商务英语翻译测试题及答案

商务英语翻译测试题及答案集团档案编码：[YTTR-YTPT28-YTNTL98-UYTYNN08]

I. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the meanings of words italicized.(15%) 1. The above quoted are the articles in great demand, which have won a high reputation in various markets. 2. The articles in this agreement must not be modified and ended

without the agreement by the both parties. 3. However, the tariff should not be greater in amount than the margin of price caused by dumping. 4. As usual, the lion’s share of the budget is for defense. 5. He once again imparted to us his great knowledge, experience and wisdom.

II. Translate the following sentences with extension.(15%) 1. There is a mixture of the tiger and ape in the character of Hitler. 2.China, which posted its highest growth rate in a decade, is Asia’s new star performer. 3. John took to his studies eagerly, and proved an adept pupil.

商务英语阅读教程3答案之令狐文艳创作

Text A 令狐文艳 II. Choose the best answer from the following. 1.C 2. B 3. B 4. D 5. D III. Translate the following into Chinese. 1.经过数月在网上搜寻研究西北大学和仔细询问到访过西北大学的朋友、老师和咨询顾问，玛克辛最终希望自己能被西北大学录取。 2.对于像玛克辛一样正在申请秋季入学的学生来说，他们会沮丧地发现这一梦想难以实现。考入一所知名院校的机会从未如此渺茫。 3.但是招生主管们已经开始担忧申请者数量缩减的问题，尤其是为数不多每年有能力支付4万美金费用的那部分申请者。 Text B II. Decidewhether the following statements are true or falseaccording to the text. 1. T 2. F 3. F 4. F 5. F III. Translate the following into Chinese 1.20世纪80年代和90年代初期私立中学毕业生能够期望一生的收入比国立中学同时期毕业生多35％，他们

发现这其中大约一半可以归因于他们所接受的教育，而非他们的背景。 2.研究人员也尽量精确地描述私立中学施展魔力的办法：凭借更优秀的考试成绩，而不是凭借关系网带来的各种机会或者质量更高的诸如礼仪或领导方法等软技巧的教学。 3.一位知情人士认为如下的操作不太可能：许多父母通过再抵押贷款来支付学费，但由于不稳定的房价和银行日益紧缩的信贷条件，这条路很快就走不通了。 Fast Reading Practice 1. C 2. A 3. D 4. D 5. B

商务英语翻译课程标准

《商务英语翻译》课程标准适用专业：商务英语专业课程编码：TA0B28 开设时间：第5学期课时数：72学时一、课程概述本课程旨在传授翻译理论知识及实用的翻译方法和技巧，培养学生独立完成英汉翻译任务。课程是翻译理论为基础，结合实际的典型翻译例文向学生传递实用的翻译技巧，与此同时培养学生的举一反三的能力，最后通过实际的翻译任务锻炼学生的实际翻译能力。课程设计从商务英语教学的实际需要入手，结合基本的翻译理论、方法以及实际外贸业务对英汉翻译的专业知识需要，在比较全面的介绍英汉翻译知识的同时也为学生补充了大量实际有用的专业翻译方法和技巧，使学生不仅对英汉互译有进一步的学习，同时也可以将所学翻译技巧充分运用于实际工作，从而真正做到学有所用。坚持以高职教育培养目标为依据，遵循“结合理论联系实际，以应知、应会”的原则，以培养锻炼职业技能为重点。注重培养学生的翻译理论灵活运用能力和翻译实践能力。把实践和创新素质的培养贯穿于教学中，采用翻译任务独立完成

等方式注重发展学生独立思维和专业应用能力。培养学生在翻译过程中分析、解决实际问题的能力。

二、课程培养目标 1.方法能力目标（1）熟悉英语翻译的理论知识。（2）掌握翻译的标准和原则。（3）熟悉各种商务文体翻译的过程。（4）了解译者的工作原则和职业操守。 2.社会能力目标（1）能够处理对外贸易企业的日常涉外文件翻译。（2）能够对外贸企业各种函电进行专业翻译。（3）能够做到对外贸易工作过程中的陪同口译。 3.专业能力目标（1）熟练掌握词义的选择和引申、词类转译法、增词法、省词法、被动结构的译法和正反、反正的译法。

商务英语翻译复习题句子翻译

1.First, we must examine the skills required by the person who will lead a team of individuals to carry out a carefully coordinated set of activities in an organizational setting seemingly designed expressly to prevent cooperation. 首先，我们必须检验一下这个人所需的技能，此人将领导一个由许多个体组成的团队在表面上明显是为了防止合作而设定的组织环境里去完成一组精心协调好的活动。2.Further assume that the project has some well-defined components or technologies and that the project’s output is being delivered to an arm’s-length client. 再进一步假设项目的各个组成部分和各项技术都很明确，项目的产出正被交付给近在咫尺的客户。 3.The hard part is being surrounded by the chaos of trying to run a project in the midst of a confused mass of activity representing the normal business of the organization. 项目管理难在要努力在令人心烦意乱的一大堆公司常规商务活动中管理该项目。 4.Already the biggest industrial park in the Yangtze River Delta region, it is projected to generate 250 billion yuan (US$30.8 billion) worth of GDP by 2014 with foreign and domestic investments exceeding US$100 billion. 据推测，苏州工业园区作为目前长三角地区最大的工业园区，将在2014年创造2500亿元人民币（约308亿美元）的GDP，并且国内外投资届时将超过1000亿美元。 5.As more and more people shop there, the old downtown will be free of the heavy traffic which will alleviate pressure on historic relics preservation. 随着越来越多的人过去购物，老的商业中心将摆脱交通拥挤的状况，这也将缓解历史遗迹保护工作的压力。 6.Since the late 1990s, the U.S. has been on aborrowing and spending binge, aided by low interest rates and very loose monetary policy. 20世纪90年代末以来，由于低利率和宽松的货币政策，美国一直处于借款和消费的热潮中。 7.Each time manufacturing and services are outsourced to Asia, knowledge, technology and skills are also transferred. 每次生产和服务被外包到亚洲，知识、技术和技能也同时发生了转移。 8.If you don’t have these drafted in, it becomes difficult to overlay the service contracts into the articles and obtain approval for this mechanism. 如果不将上述内容起草进公司章程，那么日后想要将这些服务合同补充进公司章程、以及为这一机制获得批准将变得非常困难。 9.Make their decision final and binding with a time limit for offers to be accepted or bettered, and a mechanism for payment and share transfer itself. 要使他们的决定是终局性和有约束力的，决定中要包含接受或修改出价的时限、以及支付和转让股份的机制。 10.Improved integration of activities across multiple companies sharing components of a supply chain is a concern of increasing interest and importance. 在多家共享供应链成分的公司中提高各环节的一体化水平，是人们日益关心、也是日渐重要的问题。 11.China’s rapid industrialization in the last decades has engendered serious problems of depletion of natural resources, degradation of major ecosystems, and pollution extending far beyond its borders. 中国过去几十年工业化的飞速发展造成自然资源耗尽、主要生态系统退化、环境污染

商务英语阅读(第二版)王关富unit13privateequity课后答案

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