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工业设计专业英语翻译17

工业设计专业英语翻译17
工业设计专业英语翻译17

Lesson17

Insects won’t take over the earth, they own it now. A leading biologist explains why bugs are the world’s most successful design.

昆虫没有占据地球,它们现在属于地球,一个杰出的生物学家解释为什么昆虫是世界上最成功的设计。

They incorporate astonishingly sophisticated design features, both structurally and functionally, which render them especially well suited for survival on this planet.无论在结构上还是机能上,它们具有令人惊讶的设计能力特征,来展示出它们在这个星球上的适应性。

There’s no denying it: Bugs Rule. There are currently 200 million insects for every man, woman and child. Of the species identified, more than half are insects.

不可否认的是:昆虫法则。当前每一个人都对应2亿虫类。亿被人所识别,其中一半以上为昆虫。

We humans may not like the idea, but there is no denying it: Bugs Rule. Estimates have it that there are some 1018 bugs now alive on the planet. It is not only their sheer number, but also their diversity that is staggering: Of the total million species of animals, plants and microorganisms that have been identified, more than

half—or over 800,000—are insects. And while new species of insects are being discovered daily, over 10 million may yet remain unknown.

我们人类可能不喜欢这个主意,但是不可否认:昆虫法则。估计有1018种昆虫生存在地球上,这些并不是全部的数量,但它们的物种多样性令人惊愕:总共有150万种植物,动物,微生物被确认,超过一半,或者80万种以上是昆虫,并且每天都有新的昆虫被发现,超过1000万的物种仍然未知。

What makes insects the most successful inhabitants of the earth One answer is that they are small, which has made it possible for them to colonize literally every nook and cranny. But there is another reason: Insects are built to last. It is these features that have allowed them to gain the evolutionary advantage they have achieved.

是什么使昆虫成为地球上最成功的居住者一是因为它们小,使它们能在角落和偏僻的地方有繁殖的可能性。但是另外一个原因是:昆虫生来就是为了生存,这些特征使它们在进化中拥有优势。The suit of armor that insects are encased in provides them with protection from predators and keeps them from drying out, the latter being of considerable concern, given their tiny size. Without their outer casing, they would never have mastered life in the open. The insect skeleton

is appropriately hinged in places to provide for mobility. Like our own, their legs have flexible joints, but so do their principal body parts—their head, thorax and abdomen. Even the wings of the insect, which can beat at frequencies of hundreds of times per second, are no more than flaplike elaborations of their skeleton. It is thanks to the combined motor capacity of their legs and wings that insects are able to achieve the feats of agility for which they are famous. (Think of a housefly evading swats or cockroaches in your kitchen, scurrying for cover when you turn on the lights.) Potentially, because of its rigidity, the insect skeleton imposes limits on growth. Insects solve the problem by molting: As they get too large for their armor, they simply shed it.

它们的盔甲是为了提供防止被捕食的保护和保持干燥,后者是相当的不安,给它们微小的体形。没有外壳,它们无法生存。昆虫骨架是在适当的地方连接提供流动性,就像我们自己的,它们的腿具有柔性接头,但这样做的主要身体部位是头部,胸腔和腹部。即使昆虫有每秒数百次击打的频率的翅膀,都比不上它们像折翼状的骨骼。多亏了它们的腿和翅膀机动能力的结合,昆虫有了它们有名的灵敏性(想象一下家蝇或者蟑螂在厨房躲避拍击,当你打开灯时它们急速跑到角落的情形)潜在的,因其刚度,昆

虫加强限制其增长。昆虫靠脱皮来解决这些问题,当它们相对于它们的外壳越来越大时,他们很容易就脱壳了。

Agility in animals correlates with high respiratory demand, and insects have a remarkable way of delivering oxygen to their internal organs. Air flows into the insect body through a series of openings called spiracles that lead inward into tubes, or tracheae. Instead of conveying oxygen by way of blood, insects provide or direct aeration of their tissues. The flight muscles of insects could not function nearly as effectively without such a quick means of oxygen delivery.

敏捷的动物具有高呼吸的需求,昆虫有一种高明的方法把氧气运送到他们的内部器官。空气流入昆虫身体通过一系列昆虫气门的开口,到达软管或呼吸管。昆虫提供一个直接的通风口到组织里,代替了通过血液运输氧气。昆虫的战斗肌肉的功能巨虎不可能没有一个这样的快速有效的手段进行氧气传递。

Insects occupy virtually every feeding niche. Put in another way, this means that they are able to eat literally anything. Their success in this regard derives from the extraordinary diversification of their mouth parts. Beetles and caterpillars have jaws for cutting and tearing, mosquitoes have slender stylets for piercing skin and

sucking blood and butterflies have coiled tubes for imbibing nectar.

实际上昆虫占领着每一个合适喂养的地方。另一个说法是,在字面上意味着它们可以吃任何东西。他们说它们的成功源于非凡的多样化。甲虫和毛虫有颌用来切割和撕扯,蚊子有纤细的口针为穿刺皮肤和吸血,蝴蝶有来连续管来吸收甘露。

Insects have extraordinary sensory capacities. Their eyes, which may take the form of enormous hemispheres bulging from their head, typically consist of hundreds of tiny, tightly opposed units, called facets. Each facet points in one particular direction, with the result that the two eyes see in virtually all directions. For an aerial hunter such as a robber fly, this means being able to spot prey instantly from wherever it may appear. Insects can also see a color—ultraviolet—to which we are blind. Flowers are often adorned with ultraviolet patterns that are invisible to us, but visible and attractive to the pollinating insect.

昆虫有非凡的感官能力,它们的眼睛,这可能在它们的头上需要巨大的半球形,眼形一般包括数以百计的小而紧紧反对的单位,称为小眼面。每一个小眼面分在一个特定的方向,其结果是两只眼睛几乎看到所有的方向。一个空中猎人就像盗蝇在飞,这意味

着能够立即辨认出猎物坑可能从哪里出现。昆虫也可以看到一种颜色——紫外线,而我们却看不见。花是经常装饰紫外线的模式,它们是看不见的,但我们可见,用来吸引授粉昆虫。

Insects are also the best defended of animals. Their chemical weapons are prodigious. Some, such as bombardier beetles, discharge irritating chemicals called quinones when disturbed. They make the quinones in special glands by mixing chemicals and causing an explosion. The explosion is of such magnitude that the quinones are expelled boiling hot, at 100 degrees centigrade. Other insects are no less remarkable. Certain Australian beetle larvae and European moths emit hydrogen cyanide, the infamous poison of detective novels. There are cockroaches in New Zealand that spray ethyl acrolein, a tear gas. Anyone who collects insects as a matter of routine knows that picking them up by hand can be hazardous. Many bite, others sting and still others, such as several strains of caterpillar, have hairs that cause itching upon contact. Insects lacking such defenses may be otherwise protected. Some may be so well camouflaged as to be virtually undetectable. As one might expect, camouflaged insects are often completely motionless by day and active at night.

昆虫也是最好的防守动物。他们拥有的化学武器是惊人的。比如放屁虫,当受到打扰时会释放出一种刺激性的化学物质——苯醌。它们让苯醌在特殊腺体中混合一些化学物质从而引起一场爆炸。这种规模的爆炸是在100摄氏度时苯醌被热所追逐引发的。其他昆虫较为逊色。某些澳大利亚的甲虫幼虫和欧洲的蛀虫发出氰化氢物质,想一些声名狼藉的有关毒的侦探小说。新西兰有一种蟑螂可以喷出乙基丙烯醛,一种催泪弹。任何人用手收集昆虫用常识都知道是危险的。许多叮咬,其他还有人一阵刺痛,例如有好几种毛毛虫,头发上如有接触会导致瘙痒。昆虫可能缺少这样的防御或者其他保护,一些可能很好,几乎无法察觉的伪装。正如预期一样,通常是在白天伪装成完全静止,在夜晚活动。Insects as a group have achieved something that has eluded humans. They have mastered sustainable development. Insects are the primary consumers of plants on earth, yet they do not merely abuse plants, they also pollinate them, thereby fostering their reproduction. By contrast, we use and even abuse nature, but have yet to learn to conserve it.

昆虫作为一个群体,取得了一些东西以便逃避人类。它们掌握了可持续发展,昆虫是主要的地球上的植物的消费者,然而,它们并不仅仅是滥用植物,它们也授粉于植物,从而培养他们的后代。对比之下,我们使用甚至滥用大自然,但我们还没有学会

保护它。

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考研英语二文章翻译完整版

考研英语二文章翻译集团标准化办公室:[VV986T-J682P28-JP266L8-68PNN]

完型 鉴于电子货币的优势,你也许会认为,我们将快速步入无现金社会,实现完全电子支付。然而,真正的无现金社会很可能不会马上到来。事实上,这样的预测已经出现二十年了,但迄今还没有实现。例如,1975年《商业周刊》预测电子支付手段不久将“彻底改变货币本身的定义”,并将在数年后颠覆货币本身。为何人们进入无现金社会的速度如此缓慢呢? 尽管电子支付手段可能比纸币支付方式更加高效,然而以下几个方面解释了纸币系统“不会”消失的原因。第一,使电子货币成为最主要的支付方式必须的设备包括电脑、读卡器和电信网络,而安装这些设备价格昂贵。第二,纸质支票有提供收据这一优势,这是消费者不愿放弃的。第三,使用纸质支票可以让开票人多几天让钱“悬浮”在帐户里,对方得花上几天才能凭支票取现,这也就是意味着开票方又多赚了几天利息钱。而由于电子支票是即时的,因此也就没有这种优势。第四,电子支付方式还有可能存在安全和隐私隐患。 我们曾多次听到媒体报道说某个非法黑客入侵了用户的数据库并且篡改了里面的信息。这种情况时有发生,这也意味着别有用心之人可能侵入电子支付系统,盗取别人的银行帐号而盗款成功。要防止这类诈骗并非易事,正在研发新的电脑科学领域来处理该类安全问题。此外,人们对于电子支付方式的担忧在于进行电子交易之后所留下的包含个人信息的痕迹。人们担心政府部门,雇员和市场营销人员会看到这些数据,侵犯个人隐私。 Text1 在一篇名为(entitled)《成功(make?it)在美国》的文章中,作者亚当·戴维森讲述(relate)了这样一个源自棉花出产国的笑话,笑话是关于现代纺织(textile)作坊(mill)已高度自动化(automate):现如今,一家普通作坊里只有两名员工,“一个人和一条狗,人在作坊里是为了喂狗,狗在作坊里是为了使人远离(away?from)机器。”Davidson’sarticleisoneofanumberofpiecesthathaverecentlyappearedmakingthepointt hatthereasonwehavesuchstubbornlyhighunemploymentanddecliningmiddle-classincomestodayisalsobecauseoftheadvancesinbothglobalizationandthei nformationtechnologyrevolution,whicharemorerapidlythaneverreplacingla borwithmachinesorforeignworkers.最近出现了很多(anumberof)类似戴维森所写的文章,它们都表明了这样一种看法(makeapoint):之所以失业人数(unemployment)居高难下(stubbornly?high)和中产阶级(middle-class)收入(income)持续下降,原因是全球化与信息技术革命已经取得了诸多进步,它们使得机器和国外员工在取代(replace..with)本国劳动力(labor)方面比以往任何时候都要迅速。 以往,具有一般技术、从事一般工作的员工可以赚得(earn)普通的生活。但现如今,普通人才正式地过时了(officially)。继续普通无法再让你过上以前的生活,其原因是当下更多的雇主可以用(haveaccessto)比普通还要低廉的价格,来雇佣国外员工,购买机器人(robotics)和软件(software),实现自动化(automation),获得天才(genus)。因此,每个人都需要挖掘身上额外的东西-来让他们做出独特的、有价值的贡献,这种贡献会让他们脱颖而出(standout),不管他们身处什么工作领域(fieldofemployment)。

英语六级历年最全翻译

英语六级翻译冲刺特训 1. This is yet _________________ (两国人民的又一个共同点). 2. His scientific works _______________(在英语国家得到广泛阅读). 3. Revolution means the emancipation of the productive forces,_____________(改革也是解放生产力). is optimistic ________________(对现时信息产业的发展状况). in all fields should be subordinated to and ________________(服务于经济发展的进程). 1. another common point between the people of our two countries 解析:本题考查通过增补介词使译文的意思更完整。虽然原文没有和between相对应的词,但是"共同点"是两国人民之间在某方面进行比较的结果,所以增补between之后,符合英语表达习惯。增词法也是汉译英中常用技巧之一,再如:她以教书为业。(She is a teacher by occupation.)我已重新考虑了那件事。(I've had second thought on that matter.) 2. were widely read in English-speaking countries 解析:若是按照字面翻译,这句话很可能被译为were widely read in English countries。但是原文中"英语国家"的含义是"讲英语的国家"。这体现了英汉表达差异。请考生看下面这句话的英译:我卖掉了彩电。/I sold out my color TV.这句译文错误在于,没弄清"彩电"的含义。"彩电"有两层意思:一是指具体的实物,即彩色电视机color TV set;二是指屏幕上出现的影像,即彩色电视color TV。而句子中卖掉的只能是机器,具体的实物。 3. and so does reform 解析:本题意为:革命是解放生产力,改革也是解放生产力。考点有二:第一,考查词性转移。原文中"解放"用作动词,"生产力"作宾语。译文中处理成名词短语"对生产力的解放"。第二,考查省译法。我们不能把原文译成and reform also means the emancipation of the productive forces,这种结构显得臃肿累赘。为避免重复,可以选用and so does...来代替这个动宾结构。 4. about the present development of information industry 解析:"对......表示乐观"可以用句型be optimistic about sth.。这句话不能译成about the status of the present development of information industry。"状况"是一个范畴词,没有实际含义,可省略不译。 5. serve the economic development 解析:"服务于......"即"为......服务",所以要用serve sb./ sth.的结构,不能译成be served to。"

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