王治奎《大学英汉翻译教程》【笔记课后习题及翻译示例汇总】(会话英语的翻译)
第9章会话英语的翻译
9.1 复习笔记
会话英语(Conversational English)，是一种非正式(Informal)语体，亦称商洽体。
一、会话的合作原则
一般来说，会话应遵守合作原则(Cooperative Principle)。但是，在不少情况下，会话双方并不遵守或不完全遵守合作原则。翻译时不要局限于把握和传达文字的表层意义，还要透过字里行间挖掘和表达其深层意义。
二、会话英语的主要特点
(1) 话题转换快。翻译之前，应理清脉络，确认话题主次。
(2) 省略。
(3) 结构相对松散。
(4) 词汇覆盖面广。
三、会话英语翻译的一般要求
1. 超语言因素在原会话中的作用，如手势、体态等。例下文中Please的含义：
—Let’s have coffee out in a little caf e by the market.
—Oh, please! After that leaden meal?
——咱们出去到市场旁的小咖啡馆里喝咖啡吧。
——啊，算了。吃了那种劣质饭菜，还去喝什么咖啡呀？
2. 语气在会话中的作用。语气反映说话人的情绪、感情和态度。
9.2 课后习题详解
一、将下段电话记录译成中文：
—Hello, Arnold?
—Yeah?
—This is Pat. Pat Conte.
—Oh, yeah, Pat. What can I do for you?
—You know that all-night coffee shop that we meet in sometimes? —Yeah.
—I want you to go down there and wait. I'll call you in just a half hour. —Cheeze. Give me a chance to get my pants on, will ya?
—Be there in a half hour. This is important.
【答案】
——喂，阿诺德吗？
——喂？您是哪位？
——我是帕特，帕特·康特。
——噢，是你呀，帕特。有什么事吗？
——你记得我们时常小聚的那家通宵咖啡馆？
——记得。
——请你到那儿去等我，我在半小时内赶到。
——别急，总得让我穿上裤子吧！
——半小时以内一定赶到那儿。我有急事。
二、请将编辑D. Lindley与精神病医生K. Menniger的对话译成中文：
L: There was a time, wasn't there, when most mental ailments were looked upon as incurable?
M: Until very recently. I would say that that's the most exciting change I have seen.
As a matter of fact, because of accumulated discoveries and changed attitudes and increased interest on the part of the public, the recovery in mental illness now is very high. The vast majority of even the most severely mentally ill people recover, and fairly promptly.
L: What is the statistical hope for mental repair today?
M: In the old days, the statistic change was from two-thirds of the patients never leaving the hospital; and maybe one-third leaving after three or four or five years. But at the present time, eighty-five to ninety per cent of the patients, in a good state hospital, are out of there in a few months.
【答案】
L: 多数精神病曾经被视为不治之症，对吧？
M: 对，直到最近。我想说我所看到的最令人激动的变化就在于此。事实上，由于科学发现不断增加，公众态度发生了变化，大众兴趣日益增强，现在精神病的康复率已经很高。
甚至最为严重的精神病人大都得以康复，而且康复得非常快。
L: 当前精神病可望康复的统计数字怎么样？
M: 据统计，从前有2/3的病人永远不能康复出院，也就是说，只有1/3的病人经过三五年的治疗可以出院。而目前在一个医疗条件较好的州医院里85%～90%的病人，经过几个月的治疗便可出院。这就是我所说的变化。
三、请将下段贸易谈判记录译成中文：
C: I'm pleased to welcome you, Mr. Smith, to Jinan all the way from across the Pacific. I believe you are clear about our offer in connection with 50 metric tons of groundnut kernels on receiving our letter of Dec. 20, 1994.
A: Thank you, Mr. Zhang, for your hospitality, and in particular, for your directness and frankness. I appreciate this style of work. As for your Dec. 20 offering, would you mind repeating it?
C: Of course not. It is as follows: 50 metric tons of groundnut kernels FAQ 1993 Crop at RMB ￥4,000 per M/T on the usual terms.
A: To be frank, too, our buyers in New York find your price much too high. Information indicates that some parcels of Indian origin have been sold there at a level about 10% lower than yours.
C: It might be true. But the difference in price may be due to the difference in quality. As is known to you, Chinese kernels are much better in quality.
A: I was talking about FAQ.
C: Yes, so was I. FAQ—fair average quality. Goods may vary slightly in quality and in price from origin to origin even if they belong to the same FAQ category.
A: 10% is not a slight difference, I'm afraid, We counter-offer as follows: 50 metric tons of groundnut kernels FAQ 1994 crop at RMB ￥3,800 per M/T CIF New York, other terms as per your letter dated Dec. 20. As the market is declining, we recommend your acceptance.
C: What a good bargaining. Let's meet half way: RMB ￥3,900 per M/T.
A: Agreed.
C: Agreed.
【答案】
C：欢迎你，史密斯先生，从太平洋彼岸风尘仆仆来到济南。关于我们对50公吨花生米的报盘，想必你已经从我们1994年12月20日的信中了解清楚。
A：张先生，谢谢你热情款待，尤其感谢您的直率坦诚，我喜欢这种工作作风。关于你们的12月20日报盘，请您重复一下，不介意吧？
C：当然不会。12月20日的报盘是这样的：1993年产花生米，中等品，50公吨，每吨4000元人民币，其余条件同常。
A：我也坦率地说，我们纽约的客户发现你们的价格太高。有资料表明，一批印度产的花生米卖价比你们的低10%。
C：这或许是可能的。差价可能由于质量不同所致。正如你所知，中国花生米的质量要好得多。
A：我是说FAQ。
C：对，我也是说FAQ。FAQ——中等品。即使同属中等品类，其质量和价格也会因产地而稍有差异。
A：恐怕10%可不是个小差异。我们的还盘是：1994年产花生米50公吨，中等品，每公
吨3800元人民币，到岸纽约，CIF，其他条款根据你12月20日函。现在市场趋于疲软，我们建议你们接受此盘。
C：好一个讨价还价。那么，让我们双方折中一下吧，每公吨3900元。
A：同意。
C：同意。
9.3 翻译示例汇总
例1：
E: Dr. White, it is a pleasure to be back out here with you again. I have often wondered why you come out here in the country. You have only had a telephone put in recently, and have no electricity, but read by the kerosene lamps.
W: It is very nice to have you back with us, Worth. This is, as you know, a lovely countryside in the first place. Secondly, my family and I—my wife and two children—have been out here for vacation for many years. It is a very nice retreat.
E: Retreat from what?
W: Retreat from the routine of my medical work back in town.
【译文】
埃：怀特医生，我很高兴又回到你的身边。我一个人常常在想你为什么到乡下来。电话是你最近才安装的，电也没有，只好借煤油灯读书。
华：沃思，你又回来跟我们在一起，实在太好了。关于我到乡下来的原因，首先，正如你所
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