中级口译翻译教程(英翻中)[1].

Unit 1

【例1】The history of a tree from the time it starts in the forest until the boards which it yields are used, would form an interesting and, in many instances, an exciting story.

（“×”号表示译文有问题，下同）

×树的历史开始于森林中，直到生产为木板后被使用为止，成为一个有趣且有许多事例的激动人心的故事。

上面这句话的原文实际上主要说了两点内容：

1、树的历史的起迄时间

2、树的历史是怎样一回事

【译文】一棵树，从它在森林中生长起直到被制成木板使用为止，这段历史会构成一个饶有趣味的故事，在很多情况下这个故事十分激动人心。

例2】There are two regulatory systems which interact. One timing system comes from the evidence of our senses and stomachs, and the periodicity we experience when living in a particular time zone.

×有两个调节系统相互作用。一个定时系统来自于我们的感官和胃的证明，就是当我们生活在一个特定的时区所经历的周期性。

【译文】人体有两个相互作用的时间调节系统。一个时间调节系统依据感官和胃发出的信息，依据我们生活在某个时区所体验的周期性规律。

寻找对等词语和结构然后将其串接成句的翻译方法，常表现如下：

1、简单语句的译文虽然生硬，但基本可读。如：

【例3】I can see three different 无效s of composers in musical history, each of whom creates music in a somewhat different fashion.

×我能看到音乐史上有三种不同的作曲家，他们中每一个人以某种不同的方式创作音乐。

【译文】我发现音乐史上有三类作曲家，他们各自的音乐创作方式有所不同。

2、较复杂语句的译文似通非通，甚至不知所云。如：

【例4】The traditionalist 无效of composer begins with a pattern rather than with a theme. The creative act with Palestrina is not the thematic conception so much as the personal treatment of a well－established pattern.

×传统主义型作曲家始于某种格调而非某种主题。帕莱斯特里纳的创作行为不太像对固定格调进行个性化处理的主题概念。

【译文】传统型作曲家是从形式出发而不是从主题出发进行创作的。帕莱斯特里纳的创作不是主题的构思，而是对固定形式的个性化处理。

3、典型的英语表达形式在汉语无法找到对等形式，翻译无从着手。如：

【例5】Find yourself. Be yourself. Popularity will come －－with the people who respect you for who you are.

【译文】发现自我，如实地表现自我，你自然会为人们所喜欢－－为那些尊重你的真正个性的人们所喜欢。

【例6】Where do you expect Shanghai to be in five years?

【译文】你预计今后五年上海的发展目标如何？

翻译不是一种语言中的词语和语句结构到另一种语言的词语和语句结构的简单转换，也不是在另一种语言中寻找与一种语言中对等的词语和语句结构然后将其串接成句的过程。在英汉翻译中，如果把眼光盯着原文的词语和语句结构这些属于语言层次的东西，结果翻译出来的只是一种文字层次的转换，徒具其形，原文的内容和意义不可能得到很好的表达。

翻译究竟是什么呢?

翻译的过程就好比交通工具的换乘过程，两者之间有诸多相似之处。

交通工具换乘过程：

内容(人员)

载体（运输工具1）内容（人员）

载体（运输工具2）

翻译过程：

内容(信息)

载体（源语）内容（信息）

载体（译语）

比较两者，其共同点有：

(1) 两者带有相似的目的：

两种转换过程都是为了实现内容通过载体的变换从一端到另一端的传递。

(2) 两者含有相似的基本要素：

第一要素内容，在交通工具换乘过程中是人员，而在翻译过程中则是信息。

第二要素载体，在交通工具换乘过程中是车辆、船舶、飞机等，转换前是一种运输工具，转换后改为另一种运输工具；而在翻译过程中则是语言，转换前是源语（source language），转换后是译语（target language）。

(3) 两者具有相似的操作要求：

第一，两者都要求内容不变。

第二，两者都要求过程顺畅

德国译学教授Wolfram Wilss 在The Science of Translation：Problems & Methods一书中说：

Translation is not simply a matter of seeking other words with similar meaning, but of finding appropriate ways of saying things in another language. Translating is always meaning－based, i.e. it is the transfer of meaning instead of form from the source language to the target language.（翻译不只是在另一种语言中寻找意义相似的其他词语，而是寻找表达事物的适当方式。翻译始终立足于语义，也就是说，是语义从源语到译语的转换，而不是形式。）

这说明了翻译是语义的翻译，不是语言形式的翻译，是运用另一种语言的适当方式来表达一种语言所表达的内容，而不是在另一种语言中寻找与一种语言中含义相似的某些词语或结构。翻译必须跳出原文语言层面的束缚，必须着眼于传达原文的内容和意义。换句话说，翻译的基本单位应该是语篇，而不是词

语结构。根据系统功能语言学家的观点，语言的实际使用单位是语篇这样的言语单位，而不是词语结构这样的语法单位。实际使用的语篇有可能是一个句子、一个句段、一个句群，也有可能是一个词语。翻译作为语言交际的一种形式，其实质是用一种语言的语篇材料代替另一种语言与其意义对等的语篇材料。翻译是运用一种语言把另一种语言所表达的内容和意义准确而完整地重新表达出来的语言活动。

II. 课堂练习（分别用词语和形式对应译法和语义表达译法试译下列句子，并比较翻译中的感觉和译文的效果）：

1. It's more a poem than a picture.

2. He drank himself out of the best lines.

3. He pretends to be as modest as anything.

4. Fire goes wherever it can, but it prefers to follow a draft.

5. The room was easily traced by the noise that was coming from it.

6. Taking care to pitch my voice to politeness, I asked about the next bus to Hattiesburg.

7. If you feel depressed at a social gathering, keep it a secret.

8. The bacteria pneumonia may complicate influenza at both extremes of age.

III. 课堂练习参考译文：

1. 与其说那是一幅画，不如说那是一首诗。

2. 他借酒写得好诗句。

3. 他装得极为谦虚。

4. 火是无孔不入的，可是它更爱窜入通风的地方。

5. 循声而去，便轻而易举地找到了那间屋子。

6. 我陪着小心，用温和的口吻询问开往哈蒂斯堡下一斑车的情况。

7. 在社交场合，你就是感到情绪压抑，也不要表露出来。

8. 患有流感的幼儿和老人可能并发细菌性肺炎。

IV. 课外练习（分别用词语和形式对应译法和语义表达译法试译下列句子，并比较翻译中的感觉和译文的效果）：

1. He wants a lawyer who understands his case, who sympathizes with him and who has been there himself.

2. World－famous for his works he was never personally well known, for throughout his life he avoided publicity.

3. While you are in the act of summoning your energies, focus on a plan. Don't exhaust yourself with fruitless excursions into any and all possibilities.

4. A book may be compared to your neighbor: if it is good, it can not last too long; if bad you can not get rid of it too early.

5. Instead of honoring this sacred obligation, America has given the Negro people a bad check －－a check which has come back marked "insufficient funds".

6. A friend is someone who draws out your own best qualities, with whom you sparkle and become more of whatever the friendship draws upon.

7. To petrol we owe the existence of the motor－car, which has replaced the private carriage drawn by the horse. To petrol we owe the possibility of flying.

8. Because of limited insurance coverage, many people will have to look to their own resources －－both emotional and financial －－to care for an infirm or recovering relative at home.

9. During the last six years, 44 of 60 scholarship winners have been the children of foreigners. the talent search, certainly in this decade, is a tribute as much to immigration as to education.

10. The new architectural ｓｔｙｌｅs have become powerful image makers overseas. Two stunning arrivals now gracing Hong Kong's crowded skyline －－the privately－owned Hong Kong & Shanghai Bank building and Bank of China's headquarters －－stand as monuments to the rival economic interests, cultures and ideologies that define the city.

Unit 2

I. 课外练习参考译文：

1. 他要找一位了解他的案情，同情他的处境，并有过亲身经历的人当他的律师。

2. 他的著作举世闻名，而他个人却一直默默无闻，因为他一生始终避免抛头露面。

3. 在集中精力的过程中，要集中于一种打算；不要同时涉足各种可能的情况而搞得精疲力竭一事无成。

4. 书可以比作邻居：如果是好的，相处愈久愈好；如果是坏的，分手愈早愈好。

5. 美国没有履行这种神圣的义务，相反，只是给黑人开了一张空头支票，上面盖了“资金不足”的戳子后被退了回来。

6. 朋友是能使你表现出自己最佳品质的人，和他在一起你就会精神焕发，并且变得更具有友谊所要求的种种内涵。

7. 有了汽油，我们才有了汽车，取代了私人马车；有了汽油，我们才有可能飞上天空。

8. 由于保险金的支付范围有限，许多人无论在感情上或经济上都必须靠自己的力量在家中照料病弱或康

复中的亲人。

9. 过去六年里，每60名奖学金获得者中就有44名是外来移民的子女。人才奖的评选，当然是指这十年，不仅为美国教育，也为美国移民增添了光彩。

10. 这种种新的建筑风格已经非常有力地塑造了香港在海外的形象。在拥挤的空中出现了两幢令人叹为观止的新建筑点缀其间，一幢是私营的汇丰银行大楼，另一幢是中国银行总部，代表并象征了香港相互竞争的经济利益、文化和意识形态。

II. 英汉翻译原理第二讲：什么是好的译文？

【例7】Public opinion plays a vital and healthy role in the political realm.

×公共舆论在政治领域起着生命力的、健康的作用。

【译文】舆论在政治领域起着极其重要的、有益的作用。

【例8】I am sure that it would change the situation if you are kind enough to lend support to me.

×我相信如果你有足够的好心支持我的话，它将会改变形势。

【译文】我相信如果你非常好心能撑我一把的话，情况就不一样了。

【例9】Jobs and work do much more than most of us realize to provide happiness and contentment.

×职业和工作带来很大的幸福和满足，而我们大多数人并不意识到这一点。

【译文】职业和工作对于获得幸福和满足起了很大的作用，我们大多数人对此却认识不足。

两类问题：一类是译文语义基本符合原文，但汉语表达有欠正确；另一类是汉语表达尚有可读性，但译文语义不符原文。

目前翻译界普遍接受的，也是作为一般翻译学习者必须努力掌握的标准，简而言之是两条：忠实(Faithfulness) 和流畅(Smoothness)。

【例10】For Nat Nakasa the pledge he was required to sign －－to leave his country and never return proved too much; he committed suicide in New York.

×纳特•纳卡萨不得不发誓离开祖国，不管情况如何永不返家，并自杀于纽约。

【译文】对纳特•纳卡萨来说，要他签字保证离开祖国永不返回是难以接受的：他在纽约自杀了。

【例11】In the wake of his mother''s death some thirty－six years later, Hemingway turned back to the adventure and tried to write a novel about it.

×在他母亲去世36年之后，海明威又想起了那次历险奇遇，并试图写一部小说。

【译文】大约36年过后，在他母亲去世后的不久海明威又想起了那次遭遇的险情，并试图就此写一部小说。

外语腔是初学翻译者不知不觉地会在汉语译文中表现出来的一种不当倾向。翻译时所要表达的内容来自外语原文，原文的词语和结构形式随着内容一起进入到我们的大脑，于是原文的语言形式被带入译文，造成了译文的外语腔。

【例12】The only concession he made to the climate was to wear a white dinner jacket.

×他对气候的唯一让步就是穿了一件白色的短餐衣。

【译文】气候变化，他仅稍稍作了一点变通，赴宴时穿了件白色的短礼服。

【例13】If certain animal psychologists are right, a dog adopts his family in a most literal way －－taking it for granted that the family is the band of dogs he belongs to.

×假如某些动物心理学家的分析正确，狗在很大程度上代表着它的家人－理所当然这一家也就属于狗

帮了。

【译文】假如有些动物心理学家的分析正确，狗对于他所在家庭的认同是非常实际的－－它理所当然地认为这一家人就是它所归属的一群狗。

现代西方著名翻译理论家Eugene A. Nida 在其理论著述中经常谈到读者反应的问题。他认为，翻译的服务对象是读者，要评判译文质量的优劣，必须看读者对译文的反应如何，同时必须把这种反应与原作读者对原文可能产生的反应进行对比，看两种反应是否基本一致。

除了忠实和流畅这两项基本标准之外，好的译文还必须保持原文的风格，包括民族风格、时代风格、语体风格、作者个人的语言风格等。文艺作品的翻译尤其要求这样做。译者不能破坏或改变原文的风格，不能以译者的风格代替原作的风格。

III. 课堂练习（努力按照忠实原文和译文流畅两项标准，把下列句子译成汉语）：

1. She couldn''t have come at a better time.

2. She has been a widow only six months.

3. I believe the speech was needlessly stubborn.

4. The Macedonian argument has a Greek dimension too.

5. The Englishman feels no less deeply than any other nationality.

6. From a physical standpoint, there ought to be as many colours as there are different wave lengths.

7. But the next century we''ll be able to alter our DNA radically, encoding our visions and vanities while concocting new life－forms.

8. As a human being, we should demonstrate our intellectual and moral superiority by respecting others for who they are －－instead of rejecting them for who/what they are not.

IV. 课堂练习参考译文：

1. 她来得正是时候。

2. 她的丈夫去世至今不过半年。

3. 我认为那篇讲话口气强硬，大可不必。

4. 马其顿之争同希腊也有关系。

5. 英国人同其他民族一样，也有丰富的感情。

6. 从物理学的观点来看，不同的波长有多少种，颜色就有多少种。

7. 但下个世纪我们将能根本改变DNA，能在构建新的生命时把我们的种种想象、种种出于虚荣的要求，都编入遗传密码。

8. 作为人，我们应该不问他人的身份如何都尊重他们，从而显示出自己高超的智慧和道德，而不要因为他们没有某种身份或地位而去卑视他们。

V. 课外练习（努力按照忠实原文和译文流畅两项标准，把下列短文译成汉语）：

I first took up walking as a means of escape. After a busy morning in my office, I found it refreshing to take a stroll at lunchtime, to breathe the fresh air and feel the sun. Another walk in the cold night air was, I discovered, an exhilarating way to unwind.

I''ll never forget the feeling I got one winter night as I walked the deserted streets after many grueling hours at the hospital. I suddenly realized that I no longer felt tense or tired. All the worries about my patients'' illnesses, as well as my own personal cares, seemed to evaporate as quickly as the smoky vapor of my breath in the frosty

night. As I incorporated walking into my schedule, not only were my spirits lifted, but my weight and blood pressure were gradually reduced. I began reviewing the medical literature on walking. From this research, and my clinical observations as a family physician, I found that it is possible to walk your way to better health, a trimmer body and a longer life －－no matter what your age.

Walking －－like swimming, bicycling and running －－is an aerobic exercise which builds the capacity

for energy output and physical endurance by increasing the supply of oxygen to skin and muscles. Such exercise may be a primary factor in the prevention of heart and circulatory disease.

As probably the least strenuous, safest aerobic activity, walking is the most acceptable exercise for the greatest number of people. Walking at comfortable speed improves the efficiency of the cardio－respiratory system by stimulating the lungs and heart, but at a more gradual rate than most other forms of exercise. (279 words)

我最初开始散步是作为一种脱身之计。在办公室里忙了一个上午之后，我发现午饭时出去走一走，吸一口新鲜空气，享受一下阳光，十分令人神清气爽。我还发现，在夜间充满寒意的空气中散步也是一种使人心旷神怡的放松办法。

一个冬夜，经过了医院里好几个小时精疲力竭的工作后我漫步在空旷无人的大街上，那种感觉永远都无法忘却。我一下子发现自己不再感到紧张疲劳。什么病人的病情、个人的烦恼，似乎就像寒夜中呼出的热气，一下子都烟消云散了，

我把散步纳入了每天的日程，不仅精神振作了，而且体重和血压也逐渐下降了。我开始查阅有关散步的医学文献。通过研究，还通过从事家庭保健医生工作中的临床观察，我发现，无论年龄大小，散步都能健身瘦身，延年益寿。

散步同游泳、骑车、跑步等一样，是一种有氧运动，能够增加皮肤和肌肉的供氧，从而增进体能和耐力。这种运动可成为预防心血管疾病的主要因素。

散步是一种最不激烈、最为安全的有氧运动，对绝大多数人都极其合适。以舒适的速度步行能促进心肺活动，从而提高心肺功能，虽然比起其他各种运动方式来散步的作用较为缓慢。

II. 英汉翻译原理第二讲：什么是好的译文？（续）

【例14】There is a mix of confrontation and cooperation between them.

【译文】他们之间既有对抗，又有合作。

【例15】He died, and was survived by wife and three children.

【译文】他死了，撇下了妻子和三个孩子。

【例16】Law enforcement cannot responsibly stand aloof.

【译文】司法部门如果对此不闻不问，那就是失职。

【例17】Evidently he had the first quality of an angler, which is not to measure the pleasure by the catch. 【译文】他显然具备了垂钓者的首要品质，即以钓为乐，钓多钓少无所谓。

【例18】Nothing out of its place is good, nothing in its place is bad.

×身外之物无一是善，身内之物无一是恶。

【译文】凡事不当无一是好，凡事得当无一是坏。

【例19】Happiness is like manna; it is to be gathered and enjoyed every day.

×幸福似甘露，日日可享用。

【译文】幸福犹如甘露，要天天采集才能日日享用。

忠实原文是指译文与原文实质内容上的一致，而不是形式上的一致。译者由于对原文理解不深，不能透过原文的形式掌握其实质内容，仅见其形，未见其神，这样译出的文字形式上似乎与原文一致了，但与

原文的意思却相去甚远。这便是犯了翻译上的形式主义。但是灵活出了格，过分强调译文的流畅，而不受原文意思的约束，闹了独立性，在原文的思想内容之外随意添枝加叶，这种译法称之为自由主义。【例20】This was one of the secrets of his great popularity, but it was a popularity which was as unsettled as the waves. It swelled, and bubbled, and foamed for a while, only to recede, and be lost to its former possessor. ×这是他名噪一时的一个秘密，但这种名声如同波涛一样起伏不定：在短暂的时间内如日中天，盛极一时，炙手可热，但转瞬间又烟消云散，终于在原来有些声望的人身上消失了。

【译文】这是他名噪一时的一个秘密，但这种名声如同波涛一样起伏不定：一时间奔腾高涨，汹涌澎拜，转瞬间又一落千丈，终于在原来享有这种声望的人身上荡然无存。

佳译欣赏：

【例21】 A thief is a thief.

【译文】贼性难改。

【例22】There was no snow, the leaves were gone, the grass was dead.

【译文】天未下雪，但叶落草枯。

【例23】Human affairs are all subject to changes and disasters.

【译文】人世间，事不由己，变迁灾祸，难以逆料。

【例24】It was a day as fresh as grass growing up and clouds going over and butterflies coming down can make it. It was a day compounded from silences of bee and flower and ocean and land, which were not silences at all, but motions, stirs, flutters, risings, fallings, each in its own time and matchless rhythm.

【译文】绿草萋萋，白云冉冉，彩蝶翩翩，这日子是如此清新；蜜蜂无言，春花不语，海波声歇，大地音寂，这日子是如此安静。然而并非安静，因为万物各以其独特的节奏，或动，或摇，或震，或起，或伏。

III. 课堂练习（努力按照忠实原文和译文流畅两项标准，把下列句子译成汉语，翻译时既要避免拘泥于原文结构的形式主义译法，又要防止偏离原文内容的自由主义译法）：

1. He who idles away the time is nothing but a living death.

2. No greater misfortune befalls a country than to be governed by a tyrant.

3. He had a disconcerting habit of expressing contradictory ideas in rapid succession.

4. The expectation of collision informed British frontier policy in this period.

5. Every day now, the suppression of truth and the organizing of public ignorance shame journalism.

6. I walked to the ticket counter. When the ticket－seller saw me, her otherwise attractive face turned sour, violently so.

7. Accident may put a decisive blunderer in the right, but eternal defeat and miscarriage must attend the man of the best parts, if cursed with indecision.

8. In their rush, these companies have neglected the hardest part of doing business in China: the people part. The result is that many have jeopardized their performance in the long run.

IV. 课堂练习参考译文：

1. 虚度年华者，虽生犹死。

2. 国之大难莫过于暴君当道。

3. 他有一种习惯让人受不了，意见反复不定，一会儿一个变化。

4. 英国预计到了将会发生冲突，并据此对这一时期的边境政策作了调整。

5. 现在，天天都在隐瞒真相，愚弄公众，这种做法是新闻界的耻辱。

6. 我走到售票台。女售票员一看见我，她那原本颇为动人的脸刷地一沉，变得怒气冲冲。

7. 出错者若处事果断，仍可意外取得成功；才干出众者若优柔寡断，必然屡屡失误。

8. 这些公司在一拥而入之中忽略了在中国经营最艰巨的问题，即人的问题，结果许多公司严重损害了他们的远期经营业绩。

V. 课外练习（努力按照忠实原文和译文流畅两项标准，把下列短文译成汉语）：

Water problems in the future will become more intense and more complex. Our increasing population will tremendously increase urban wastes, primarily sewage. On the other hand, increasing demands for water will decrease substantially the amount of water available for diluting wastes. Rapidly expanding industries which involve more and more complex chemical processes will produce larger volumes of liquid wastes, and many of these will contain chemicals which are noxious. To feed our rapidly expanding population, agriculture will have to be intensified. This will involve ever－increasing quantities of agricultural chemicals. From this, it is apparent that drastic steps must be taken immediately to develop corrective measures for the pollution problem.

There are two ways by which the pollution problem can be dwindled. The first relates to the treatment of wastes to decrease their pollution hazard. This involves the processing of solid wastes "prior to" disposal and the treatment of liquid wastes, or effluents, to permit the reuse of the water or minimize pollution upon final disposal.

A second approach is to develop an economic use for all or a part of the wastes. Farm manure is spread in fields as a nutrient or organic supplement. Effluents from sewage disposal plants are used in some areas both for irrigation and for the nutrients contained. Effluents from other processing plants may also be used as a supplemental source of water. Many industries, such as meat and poultry processing plants, are currently converting former waste products into marketable byproducts. Other industries are exploring potential economic uses for their waste products. (256 words)

Unit 4

I、课外练习参考译文：

将来水的问题会变得更加尖锐复杂。不断增长的人口将大量增加城市废物，主要是生活污水。另一方面，用水需求的不断增长将使得可用于稀释废水的水量大大减少。快速发展的工业越来越多地采用各种复杂的化学方法，从而使废水大量增多，而很多废水中含有种种有害的化学物质。为了养活迅速增长的人口，农业必须集约化，这就会不断增加农用化学品的用量。由此看来，必须立即采取果断行动研究污染问题的整治措施。

整治污染问题的方法有两种。第一种是通过废物处理减少污染的危害，包括固体废物排放“之前”的处理和液体废物或污水的处理，从而实现水的循环利用或者尽量降低最终排放前的污染程度。

第二种方法是开发全部或部分废物的经济利用。农田中施用农家肥补充肥分或有机肥。有些地区使用污水处理厂排放的污水进行灌溉施肥。其他水处理厂排出的废水也可用作补充水源。现在，禽肉加工等许多行业正在把原先废弃的下脚料加工成可供出售的副产品，其他行业也在研究废弃物的经济利用可能途

径。

II、英汉翻译原理第三讲：怎样理解原文？

【例25】For some people hope dies slowly.

【译文】对有些人来说，希望不会轻易破灭。

【例26】In planning my drive to the airport, I will factor in a cushion: to allow for the unexpected, such as heavy traffic or a flat tire.

【译文】我在安排开车前往机场时，总会考虑留一点时间，以防路上遇到交通堵塞或者轮胎漏气等意外情况。

【例27】The blue in his fine eyes seemed to preclude his being a Syrian, but there was an encouraging curve in his nostrils.

【译文】看他那双蓝眼睛，他似乎不可能是叙利亚人，但看他鼻子的曲线，却又使人觉得他很有可能是的。

【例28】The pace was comfortable, so I decided to stay where I was.

【译文】我觉得这种步速跑起来轻松，所以我就决定保持这种速度。

【例29】He always lives ahead of his salary.

【译文】他总是不到发薪水的日子就把钱花完了。或：他的薪水总是不够花。

美国语言教学家Wilga M. Rivers 说过理解中要掌握三个层次的意义，即词语意义、语法或结构意义以及社会和文化意义（the three levels of meaning: lexical meaning, structural or grammatical meaning, and social －cultural meaning）。

【例30】So that''s how I became just another kid in school.

【译文】就这样，我成了学校里一名和其他孩子一样的普通孩子。

【例31】At first, they were being nice.

【译文】起初人们只是出于一时的好心。

【例32】John Maｊａｖａl and economic problems as well as tough debate over European integration, but his top priority will be to maintain the Tories'' long lease on 10 Downing Street.

【译文】梅杰面临严重的社会和经济问题以及关于欧洲统一的艰苦辩论，但是他的当务之急将是维系保守党的长期执政。

德国译学教授Wolfram Wilss说：

Translating requires the syntactic, semantic, stylistic and text－pragmatic comprehension by the translator of the original texts.（翻译过程要求译者在句法、语义、文体和语篇语用各方面对原文的进行理解。）一、要理解原文语句的内部关系：

【例33】Go to hell! You report what I have done to the authorities.

×去你的吧！你去向领导汇报我对他们的不敬吧！

【译文】去你的吧！你去向领导汇报我的所作所为好啦！

【例34】He ate his savoury, and hurried the maid as she swept the crumbs.

×他一边吃着最后的一道消食小吃，一边催促女佣人赶快打扫碎屑。

【译文】他吃完最后的一道消食小吃，在女佣人打扫碎屑时，催她快一点。

【例35】Derek fancies himself as a ladies'' man, but he spends too much time admiring himself in the mirror for my liking.

×德里克自以为是讨女人喜欢的人，可是为了讨我喜欢，他却花很多时间在镜子面前自我欣赏。

【译文】德里克自以为是个讨女人喜欢的人，可是我不喜欢他花那么多的时间在镜子面前自我欣赏。

III、课堂练习（以下各句的译文在理解上都有问题。请正确理解以下各句，并指出译文中的理解错误）及参考译文：

1. My delegation is not satisfied that the case has yet been made for convening such a broad conference.

×我方代表团对于没有人提出理由说明应召开如此广泛的会议很不满意。

我方代表团认为，还没有人提出充分理由说明应召开如此广泛的会议。（satisfy 说服，使确信）

2. The nationalized industries have been spoon－fed for so long that they don''t care whether they give value for money, or make a profit or loss.

×国有工业长期受到优厚待遇，他们不在乎钱，也不在乎盈利或亏损。

一些国有行业长期受到优厚待遇，他们不在乎钱花得是不是值得，也不在乎盈利或亏损。

3. I was not quite sure whether they had locked the door; and when I dared move, I got up and went to see. Alas! no jail was ever more secure.

×我不敢肯定他们是不是把门锁上了；等到我敢走动的时候，我站起身来走过去看看。天啊！没有一所监狱更加牢固。

我不敢肯定他们是不是把门锁上了；等到我敢走动的时候，我站起身来走过去看看。天啊！锁得牢牢的好象监狱一般。

4. Very hesitatingly I selected a tube of blue paint, and with infinite precaution made a mark about as big as a bean on the snow－white field.

×我迟疑不决地选了一管蓝色颜料，然后小心翼翼地画了一笔，就像雪白的田野上的一粒蚕豆那么大小。我迟疑不决地选了一管蓝色颜料，然后非常小心翼翼地在画布雪白的底色上点了豆子般大小的一点。5. I agree with you that many laws are unjust, but if you make every law a matter of conscience you will end up in jail.

×我同意你的意见，很多法律是不公正的，但如果你都凭良心来制定每项法律的话，你最终就得坐牢。我同意你的意见，很多法律是不公正的，但如果你对待每项法律都要讲良心的话，你最终就得坐牢。6. Ring farewell to the century of physics, the one to which we split the atom and turned silicon into computing power,

×向物理世纪告别吧，在这个世纪里，我们分裂了原子，把硅变为计算机的动力。

向物理学的世纪告别吧，在这个世纪里，我们实现了原子的分裂，我们把硅变成了计算能力。

7. The sun sets regularly on the Union Jack these days, but never on the English language.

×现在太阳从英国国旗上有规则地落下，但是英语却不是这种情况。/ 现在英国国旗上照到的阳光日益减少，但英语却不是这种情况。

现在，英国已不再是个“日不落”的国家了，但是英语却还是在广泛地流行使用。（Union Jack英国国旗）

8. I hear the Hindoo teaching his favorite pupil the loves, wars, adages, transmitted safely to this day from poets who wrote three thousand years ago.

×我听见有三千年前的诗人们书写的、完好无损地流传至今的、有印度教士传授给得意门生的、有关爱情故事、战争和格言。

我听见印度人在向他的得意门生传授爱情故事、战争和格言，这些都是由三千年前的诗人所写并完好地流传至今。

(4):IV、课外练习（正确理解下列短文，并将其译成汉语）：

First impressions are often lasting ones. Indeed, if you play your cards right, you can enjoy the

benefits of what sociologists call the "halo effect." This means that if you''re viewed positively within the critical first few minutes, the person you''ve met will likely assume everything you do is positive.

How you move and gesture will greatly influence an interviewer''s first impression of you. In a landmark study of communications, psychologists discovered that seven percent of any message about our feelings and attitudes comes from the words we use, 38 percent from our voice, and a startling 55 percent from our facial expressions. In fact, when our facial expression or tone of voice conflicts with our words, the listener will typically put more weight on the nonverbal message.

To make your first encounter a positive one, start with a firm handshake. If the interviewer doesn''t initiate the gesture, offer your hand first. Whenever you have a choice of seats, select a chair beside his or her desk, as opposed to one across from it. That way there are no barriers between the two of you and the effect is somewhat less confrontational. If you must sit facing the desk, shift your chair slightly as you sit down, or angle your body in the chair so you''re not directly in front of your interviewer.

Monitor your body language to make sure you don''t seem too desperate for the job, or too eager to please. Keep a Poker face in business situations. Inappropriate smiling is the most common example of a nonverbal behavior that undercuts verbal messages －－making you appear weak and unassertive. Good eye contact is also important. One study found that job applicants who make more eye contact are perceived as more alert, dependable, confident and responsible.

Unit 5

I、课外练习参考译文：

第一印象常常是持久的印象。的确，如果处理得当，你就能有幸获得社会学家称之为“光环效应”带来的种种好处。这就是说，要是在一开始关键的几分钟里你就给人留下好的印象，初遇者就可能认为你办的事件件都好。

你的一举一动都会大大影响你给面试者的第一印象。在有关人际交流的一项意义重大的研究中心理学家发现，关于情感和态度的信息有7％来自我们的语言文字，有38％来自我们的语音，而惊人的是，竟有55％来自我们的面部表情。事实上，如果面部表情或说话语调与我们所说的话发生矛盾时，听者通常会更加看重那些非语言信息。

为了使第一次面试成功，一开始的握手要坚定有力。如果面试者没有主动伸出手来，你就主动先把手伸出来。要是可以选择座位的话，要坐在面试者桌子的侧面，而不要坐在正对面。这样坐法你们中间就没有障碍了，而且在一定程度上起到减少对立的作用。如果你只能坐在桌子对面，那么坐的时候把椅子稍微挪一下或者把身体坐的角度偏一点，这样你就不是正对着面试者了。

要注意你的形体语言，千万不要表现得对这份工作迫不及待，也不要表现得急于讨好别人。要保持一种办理公事时一本正经的神态。非语言行为可削弱语言信息的力量，从而使你显得优柔寡断缺乏自信，而不合时宜的微笑就是一个最为常见的例子。良好的目光交流也非常重要。有一项研究发现，多用目光进行交流的求职者可给人以更为机警、可靠、自信、负责的印象。

II、英汉翻译原理第三讲：怎样理解原文？（续）

二、要理解特殊语言现象的特殊含义：

【例36】John is now with his parents in New York; it is three years since he was a high school teacher in Washington.

【译文】约翰现在同父母一起住在纽约；他不在华盛顿当中学教师已有三年了。

【例37】She didn''t attend the meeting because she wanted to.

【译文】她去开会并不是她自己想去。

【例38】As a place to live, it left much to be desired. As a secret training base for a new plane, it was an excellent site, its remoteness effectively masking its activity.

【译文】作为居住之处，这里有许多不足之处。但作为新型飞机的秘密训练基地，却是非常理想的。它地处边陲，人们不易了解其中的活动。

【例39】The teacher didn''t tell her students that in so many words, but obviously something about her attitude convinced them.

×老师没有用很多话把这种情况告诉学生，但她的某种态度显然使学生相信情况的确如此。【译文】老师没有把这种情况对学生明说，但她的某种态度显然使学生相信情况的确如此。【例40】If I am getting a free ride, how come I am so tired when I go home at the end of a shift? ×如果我是免费乘车的话，我上完一次班回家后怎么会那么累呢？

【译文】如果我上班偷闲的话，我下班回家怎么会那么累呢？

【例41】I am sorry I was a little short with you just now. I don''t feel myself today.

×如果我刚才陪你的时间短了一些的话，我很抱歉。今天我自己也没有感觉到。

【译文】刚才对你态度不好，我很抱歉。今天我身体有点不舒服。

三、要结合上下文语境进行理解：

【例42】The financial implications of this resolution remain to be defined.

【译文】本决议所涉及的财政问题尚待确定。

本决议对财政工作的意义尚待阐明。

【例43】The tyrants might array their cruelty, but the people would oppose their bravery.

【译文】暴君恣意肆虐，人民则奋勇反抗。

【例44】Managers face a host of new business realities, such as changing patterns of employment that include an explosion of outsourcing and new alliances.

×管理人员面对的是商界前所未有的种种现实，诸如就业的模式不断变化包括外购。重组等现象的猛增。

【译文】管理人员面对的是商界前所未有的种种现实，诸如企业用工方式的不断变化包括大幅度增加外部采办和新建联产单位。

III、课堂练习（正确理解以下各句，并在正确理解的基础上将其译成汉语）：

1. Let it deceive them, then, a little longer; it can not deceive them too much.

2. We shall never get anywhere with all the criticism and fault finding. I believe in the principle "Live and let live".

3. He said that no one could beat him at tennis, but he had to eat his word after losing several games.

4. I had read too many novels and had learned too much at school not to know a good deal about

love.

5. In fact, one office－system expert recently said that he had yet to encounter a business work place that was functioning at more than 60 percent efficiency.

6. Nobody with any sense expects to find the whole truth in advertisement any more than he expects

a man applying for a jo

b to describe his shortcomings and serious faults.

7. There is probably no better way for a foreigner (or an Englishman) to appreciate the richness and variety of the English language than by studying the various ways in which Shakespeare used it.

8. We are human and human beings are far from perfect. To be human implies that we will make mistakes. But it''s more than that we feel human. We now feel entitled.

IV、课堂练习参考译文：

1. 那就让这事再骗他们一会儿吧，无论怎样骗他们都不算过分。

2. 这一套批评挑剔的做法是行不通的。我相信“互相容忍”的原则。

3. 他说打网球没人打得过他，但输了几场之后，他只好承认自己说错了。

4. 我读过很多小说，在学校里所见所闻也不少，对于爱情自然就知道得很多。

5. 事实上，有位办公制度专家最近说过，他还没见到过有哪个办公场所的工作效率高于百分之六十。

6. 有头脑的人谁也不会指望求职者说出自己的缺点和严重过错，同样，也不会指望广告里说的全是真话。

7. 对于外国人（甚至包括英国人）来说，要欣赏丰富多采的英语，最好的办法也许就是学习莎士比亚使用英语的各种方法。

8. 我们是凡人，而凡人远非十全十美。作为凡人就是说我们会犯错误。但是，我们觉得自己是凡人不仅仅由于我们会犯错误。我们如今感到有权利犯错误。

V、课外练习（正确理解下列短文，并将其译成汉语）：

A new era is upon us. Call it what you will: the service economy, the information age, the knowledge society. It all translates to a fundamental change in the way we work. Already we''re partly there. The percentage of people who earn their living by making things has fallen dramatically in the Western World. Today the majority of jobs in America, Europe and Japan (two thirds or more in many of these countries) are in the service industry, and the number is on the rise. More women are in the workforce than ever before. There are more part－time jobs. More people are sell－employed. But the breadth of the economic transformation can''t be measured by numbers alone, because it also is giving rise to a radical new way of thinking about the nature of work itself. Long－held notions about jobs and careers, the skills needed to succeed, even the relation between individuals and employers －－all these are being challenged.

We have only to look behind us to get some sense of what may lie ahead. No one looking ahead 20 years possibly could have foreseen the ways in which a single invention, the chip, would transform our world thanks to its applications in personal computers, digital communications and factory robots. Tomorrow''s achievements in biotechnology, artificial intelligence or even some still unimagined technology could produce a similar way of dramatic changes. But one thing is certain:

information and knowledge will become even more vital, and the people who possess it, whether they work in manufacturing or services, will have the advantage and produce the wealth; computer knowledge will become as basic a requirement as the ability to read and write. The ability to solve problems by applying information instead of performing routine tasks will be valued above all else. If you cast your mind ahead 10 years, information services will be predominant. It will be the way you do your job.

Unit 6

I、课外练习参考译文：

我们正面临着一个新时代。随你怎么称呼它：服务经济也好，信息时代也好，知识社会也好，一句话，都说明了我们工作方式的根本变化。事实上我们已经开始进入这个时代。西方社会依靠制造产品谋生的人数比例急剧下降了。今天，在美洲、欧洲和日本，大多数人（这些国家中有许多国家已高达三分之二以上）从事服务业，而且人数还在增加。跟从前相比，妇女从业的人数增加了，兼职工作增加了，个体经营者增加了。但是，经济变革幅度的衡量不能只凭数字，因为经济变革同时也引发了对工作本质的全新思维。有关工作和职业生涯、获得成功所必须的技能、乃至个人与雇主的关系，种种传统的观念正在受到挑战。

我们只要回顾从前，就可以对未来有所了解。没有那一位展望未来20年的人能够预料到硅片这样一项发明，因其在个人电脑、数字通讯和工业机器人中的应用，会给我们的世界带来的种种变化。明天在生物技术、人工智能或者有些迄今为止甚至难以想象的技术方面所取得的成就，可能会引起类似的急剧变化。但有一点是肯定的：信息和知识将变得更加重要，而拥有信息和知识的人们，无论他们从事制造业或者服务业，将会具有优势并创造财富，计算机技术将与读写能力一样成为一种基本要求。运用信息解决问题的能力，而不是日常工作的完成，将尤其受到重视。展望未来10年，信息服务将支配一切，将成为你的工作方式。

II、英汉翻译原理第三讲：怎样理解原文？（续）

四、要通过吃透词语含义进行理解：

【例45】While many women are comfortable being close and sharing secrets, men often struggle to express their emotions in relationship with other men.

×虽然许多女人对与他人亲密无间，分享秘密感到舒坦，而男人却经常刻求在与其他男人的关系中表达感情。

【译文】许多女人亲密相处互吐隐秘感到心安理得，而男人要对其他男人表露感情却非易事。【例46】On the drunken occasion in question, I was insufferable about liking you, and not liking you. I wish you would forget it.

×在那次大醉时，我老考虑是不是喜欢你，搞得我无法忍受，希望你忘了它。

【译文】那一次喝得酩酊大醉的时候，我说了喜欢你不喜欢你的一番话，让你受不了，希望你忘了它吧。

【例47】I felt uncomfortable in the suit I had dredged up to wear.

×穿着那套已经弄干净的衣服，我只觉得浑身不自在。

【译文】穿着那套费了好大功夫才找出来的衣服，我觉得浑身不自在。

【例48】The school bully threatened Martin with a thick ear.

×学校的小霸王打了马丁一个耳光以此作为威胁。

【译文】学校的小霸王扬言要打马丁的耳光。

【例49】The computer makes possible a marvelous leap in human proficiency; it pulls down the fences around the practical and even the theoretical intelligence.

×计算机将可能使人类熟练掌握技术产生惊人的飞跃，他推倒了理论和实践之间的隔墙。【译文】计算机使人类的能力有可能发生巨大的飞跃；它拓展了人类从事实践工作甚至理论工作的智慧。

五、要明确词语的具体指代进行理解：

【例50】Fifty cases of woolen sweaters were shipped from Shanghai to New York. They were products of the city''s first joint venture. Owing to a storm at sea, some of the cargo got stained by seawater. However, the goods duly arrived yesterday.

【译文】有50箱羊毛衫从上海发往纽约。这些羊毛衫是上海首家合资企业的产品。由于海上遇到风暴，其中一部分遭到海水污损，但这批货物已于昨天按时运抵。

【例51】"Heaven bless you, my child," said she, embracing Amelia, and scowling the while over the girl''s shoulder at Miss Sharp. "Come away, Becky," said Miss Jemima, pulling the young woman away in great alarm.

×她搂着爱米丽亚说：“求老天保佑你，孩子。”一面说，一面从女孩的肩头对夏泼小姐恶狠狠地瞪眼。吉米玛小姐心里害怕，赶快拉着年轻女子出来，口里说：“来吧，贝基。”

【译文】她搂着爱米丽亚说：“求老天保佑你，孩子。”一面说，一面从爱米丽亚肩头对夏泼小姐恶狠狠地瞪眼。吉米玛小姐心里害怕，赶快拉着夏泼小姐出来，口里说：“走吧，小姐。”【例52】I seized the largest brush and fell upon my wretched victim with wild fury.

×我抓起那支最大的画笔，迅猛异常地向我可怜的受害者扑了过去。

【译文】我抓起那支最大的画笔，势不可挡扑向那全无招架之力的画布。

III、课堂练习（正确理解以下各句，并在正确理解的基础上将其译成汉语）：

1. The investigations were temporarily tabled due to more pressing business.

2. After all, all living creatures live by feeding on something else, whether it be plant or animal, dead or alive.

3. One of the great charms of Lawrence as a companion was that he could never be bored and so could never be boring.

4. A grass eating animal cannot exist without grass, a predator without prey, a plant without certain basic chemicals or certain kinds of soil.

5. If we could consider placing ourselves in other people''s shoes, we could teach ourselves how damaging it is to assume anything about anyone.

6. A creative person will almost never follow a set pattern in developing an idea. To do so would tend to structure his thinking and might limit the creation of possible solutions.

7. Next door, a large－than－expected audience of 300 attended the International Conference on Laser Atmospheric Studies, which will be covered separately next month.

8. The quality of attendance, enhanced by an exhibit－admission fee of $50 per day, was widely extolled. The quantity was in doubt, however. All of the 14 exhibitors interviewed questioned the figure of 5,200 given by Fair director G.B. Hovel; the consensus was 2,500 attendees.

IV、课堂练习参考译文：

1. 由于有更紧急的任务，调查暂不进行。

2. 毕竟所有的生物都靠吃其他东西生存，不管这种东西是植物还是动物，是死的还是活的。

3. 在跟劳伦斯的相处中感到他有一点可爱之处，那就是他从不讨厌人，因而也从不讨人厌。

4. 食草动物没有草不能生存，食肉动物没有猎物无法活命，植物没有一定的基本化学物质或一定的土壤就生长不了。

5. 如果我们能够设身处地为别人着想，就会懂得对别人臆断有多大害处。

6. 有创造性的人在形成一种想法时决不会照搬固定不变的模式。那种做法往往会束缚思想，有碍于想出多种可能的解决方案。

7. 隔壁大厅里，出乎意料地有300人出席了国际激光大气研究会议，有关会议情况本刊将于下月另文报道。

8. 由于每天的入场券票价高达50美元，所以前往参观的人都有些身份，受到了普遍称颂。但是参观人数值得怀疑。有14家参展厂商接受了采访，都对交易会主任霍佛尔提供的5,200人这个数字表示怀疑，一般估计是2,500人。

V、课外练习（正确理解下列短文，并将其译成汉语）：

One of my favourite moments of the day is among the last －－the last conscious one, anyway. After several attempts at keeping my eyelids from fluttering closed and the book from collapsing onto my chest, I know it really is time to go to sleep. I affectionately place the book on the bed beside me. We sleep together, me and my book, me and those characters, me and my mixed－up dreams.

Reading in bed seems to run in families. The last time my mother babysat for me, I got home to find the house dark except for two small lights. One came from my son''s room, where I discovered the eight－year－old holed up under the covers with Goosebumps and a flashlight. At the other end of the house, my mother had already dozed off with her book.

Somewhere in the middle is me, a grown－up version of the girl who used to camp out under covers with Nancy Drew, a foreshadowing of a baby－sitting grandma whose sons will come home to find Mom snoozing contentedly beneath her paperback.

Instead of arranging my books into traditional categories －－fiction and nonfiction, novels and short stories, self－improvement and pleasure －－I divide my bedside reading into books that put you to sleep and those that keep you up. Both have their place. Just last night I picked up a slender but densely written volume of literary criticism for the knockout punch I knew it would deliver. At the other end of the spectrum are the suspense heavy plots that keep you turning pages into the single －digit hours －－crime novels, love stories, comedies of manners, narrators so charming you cannot bear to quit them, worlds so richly drawn you cannot bear to leave. (293 words)

Unit 7

I、课外练习参考译文：

一天中我最喜欢的是最后那段时刻－－至少是醒着的最后那段时刻。我再三努力不让眨动的眼皮合上，不让书本掉落在胸前，这时候我知道真的该入睡了。我深情地把书放在身边的床上。我们一起入睡－－我和我的书，我和书中的人物，我和交杂的梦境，都一起入睡。

躺在床上看书似乎成了家传。上一次母亲帮我照看孩子时，我回到家里发现整幢房子一片漆黑，只有两处微弱的灯光。一处在我儿子的房间，我看到八岁的儿子拿着一本《鸡皮疙瘩》，打着电筒躲在被窝里看书。房子的那头，母亲拿着书已经打起盹来。

差不多在这一老一小的中间就是我：一个已经长大成人的昔日女孩，过去经常在野营时把《南茜•德鲁》漫画藏在被窝里与之同眠，一位将来帮儿子照看小孩的老奶奶，儿子回家时发现母亲已经心满意足地脸上盖着书本呼呼入睡。

我没有按照传统的分类方法把书分为小说类和非小说类、长篇类和短篇类、修身养性类和娱乐消遣类，而是把床头读物分为催人入眠类和驱散睡意类。两类书籍各得其所。就在昨天晚上，我挑了一本薄薄的但文字密集的文学评论。我知道这本书会让我倒下就睡着。与之完全不同的另一类则是情节紧张扣人心弦的书，如犯罪小说、爱情故事、生活喜剧，书中的叙事充满魅力令你不忍打断，书中的世界引人入胜使你难舍难离，你会一页又一页地翻下去，一直看到十二点钟过后。

II、英汉翻译原理第三讲：怎样理解原文？（续）

六、要理解词语不同用法时的不同含义：

【例53】They were distressful memories to her.

×它们都是她感到悲伤的回忆。

【译文】这些都是勾起她痛苦回忆的往事，

【例54】Anyone who doubts that global financial markets control national economies need only look at the crisis facing the "tigers" of the Far East.

×任何认为全球金融市场未必能左右国民经济的人，只须环视一下笼罩着远东“四小龙”的那场金融危机。

【译文】无论是谁，如果认为世界各国金融市场未必能控制各国经济，只须看一看远东地区的“四小龙”所面临的这场金融危机就明白了。

【例55】Concerned farmers are building terraces on hilly fields, rotating their crops, and using new plowing methods to cut soil losses significantly.

【译文】关注事态的农民们在山地上修造梯田，实行轮作，并采用新法耕作以大幅度减少土壤流失。

七、要注意省略和替代部分的理解：

【例56】"Has he sold his collection yet?" "He has some of the paintings; I''m not sure about the rest."

ד他的藏画全都卖了吗？”“他有一些画，其他的我说不准。”

【译文】“他的藏画全都卖了吗？”“有一部分画他已经卖了，其他的我说不准。”

【例57】In other words there is at work in the language of a man, or of an age even, a constant principle of selection.

【译文】换句话说，不仅一个人的语言，甚至于一个时代的语言，都不断受到淘汰原理的影响。

【例58】 A causeless event or thing, we cannot think of any more than we can of a stick with only one end.

【译文】我们不可能设想有哪件事情是无缘无故产生的，就像我们不可能设想有哪根棍子只有一头一样。

【例59】We are human and human beings are far from perfect. To be human implies that we will make mistakes. But it''s more than that we feel human. We now feel entitled.

【译文】我们是凡人，而凡人远非十全十美。作为凡人就是说我们会犯错误。但是，我们觉得自己是凡人不仅仅由于我们会犯错误。我们如今感到有权利犯错误。

【例60】You have acted as if you do; but I don''t think you do.

【译文】你装出好象很喜欢我的样子，可我觉得你并不喜欢我。

III、课堂练习（正确理解以下各句，并在正确理解的基础上将其译成汉语）：

1. If anyone has the right to hope he can solve what to most physicists would seem unsolvable, he has.

2. By taking thought, men can move mountains －－and have.He had retired to private prayer in his chamber.

3. Many considerations go into growing the most flavorful produce, and the simple fact of being certified "organic" is not guarantee.

4. Senate Majority Leader George Mitchel hit the ceiling, as did most other Democrats, who immediately declared themselves allergic to taxes.

5. Two of the largest and most powerful nations of the world have since 1950 lived in isolated ignorance of one another and mutual fear and hate.

6. At the meeting, Johnson was very critical of Smith''s record, but she was able to blunt his attack by showing that he had a private grievance against her.

7. Along with strong incentive and education systems, third－wave companies maintain an openness to outside ideas and a tolerance for failure that help to keep innovative thinking alive.

8. When he dined with his sister that evening, Madeline helped herself to a cigarette from his pack on the table, and lit and smoke it inexpertly. Her defiant, self－satisfied, somewhat pathetic air made Warren laugh.

IV、课堂练习参考译文：

1. 如果说谁有权利希望自己能解决大多数物理学家似乎无法解决的问题，那么他就有这种权利。

2. 人们只要动脑筋，就能移山填海－－而且人们已经这样做了。

3. 最具风味的农产品的种植涉及到许多因素，而仅仅获得“天然产品”的认证并不能保证什么。

4. 参议院多数党领袖米契尔和大多数民主党人士都大发雷霆，他们立即宣称无法忍受增税。

5. 自1950年以来，世界上两个地域最大、实力最强的国家彼此隔离，毫无了解，相互间既恐惧又敌视。

6. 在会上，约翰逊百般指责史密斯过去的所作所为，但史密斯指出约翰逊对她有私仇，因而削弱了约翰逊攻击的锋芒。

7. 第三次浪潮时代的企业除了需要有力的激励和教育机制外，还应善于接受外界的思想，善

Sissy 中级口译 讲稿1

Lecture 1: A Lecture as a brief Introduction to Interpretation 口译课程性质 口译是人类历史进程中世界各民族交流与往来的重要纽带和桥梁，口译活动是一种综合运用视、听、说、读、写等各项知识与技能的语言活动。口译课程属于提高语言水平、文化素养及交际能力的实用型、综合型课程。 中级口译课的性质旨在将语言技能与专业知识相结合，通过对口译背景知识（如口译的历史、定义、特点、分类）、口译基本理论和实践技巧（如记忆、口头概述及笔记的具体操作以及数字、成语、谚语等难点的处理）等内容的讲解，使学生掌握口译基本理论与技能，逐步熟悉在外事接待、礼仪祝辞、旅游观光、商务谈判、大会发言、宣传介绍、参观访问、文化交流等主题领域的口译实践。 中级口译课的目的是培养学生在英语学科的听、说、读、写、译各单项语言技能及综合运用，增强学生使用英语进行交流的信心和实力，培养学生用英语思维和研究的习惯与方法，加强学生对中西方文化的理解，培养思维能力、记忆能力和责任心，使其具有一定双语交际能力、双文化素养和跨文化意识。 口译课程内容： 口译基础知识与基本技巧： 包括：课程介绍与口译概论，口译笔记，口译中的听力技巧，数字口译，习语口译，成语口译，引语口译等。 ◆专题口语与口译： 包括：迎来送往，访谈，礼仪性演讲，教育交流，商务性演讲，旅游，中西方文化口译 其中部分专题与大学英语综合教程（四）的主题相结合，并以其部分内容作为口译的语料。 另外，对于大学英语综合教程（四）中的课文、词汇和重要段落采取课堂提问和检查的方式来操作。 课程形式及大致活动安排 1．每周两次课，一次两个课时。 （1）根据教学大纲，参考教材，并大量补充课外资料，每周完成相应单元的内容 （2）针对大学英语四六级口语考试展开相应的口语活动 （3）针对上海中级英语口译证书考试展开相应的听说译活动 （4）以学生兴趣为辅补充一些经典英语影视片段赏析，并进行相关联的口语、口译活动 2．课堂听说活动形式分为个人活动(individual work)、二人合作(pair work) 和小组活动(group work),主要有以下几种形式的交叉搭配： （1）个人陈述(individual presentation);（2）复述故事（story retelling）; (3) 角色扮演(role playing) (4) 看图说话（picture description）; (5) 分组辩论（debate or argument）; (6) 英语游戏(game time) （7）英语演讲（Speech delivery）;（8）口译视频欣赏（video appreciation）；(9) 模拟记者招待会（mock press conference） 本课程成绩考核办法 平时成绩70%(考勤、课堂表现、网络自主听力，拓展课单元作业等) 期末测试30% 其中期末测试形式与上海中级口译证书考试形式基本一致，并包含大学英语综合教程（三）的部分内容。 给口译学习者的友情提示 1、要有充分的时间和精力投入; 2、伤其十指不如断其一指; 3、有指导的练习比单纯研究技巧更重要 总之，口译的学习challenging and rewarding,祝大家学有所成！ Brief introduction to Interpretation I. The features of interpretation: 1. immediateness (即时性) ; 2. Individuality.（个体性）; 3. Comprehensiveness （综合性） II. Types of interpretation: . 1. Form: a. Consecutive interpretation（接续翻译） Tourism and shopping, toast in a banquet, speech, news conference, commercial negotiation, etc. b. Simultaneous interpretation （同声传译） A. sight interpretation （视阅传译）/ B.whispering interpretation（耳语传译)/ C. audio-visual interpretation（电化传译) 2. Direction of interpretation:

英汉口译课件

?那么什么是口译？口译是一种通过口头表达形式，将所感知和理解的信息准确而又快速地由一种语言形式转换成另一种语言形式，进而达到完整并即时传递与交流信息之目的的交际行为，是现代社会跨文化、跨民族交往的一种基本沟通方式。 ?——梅德明《中级口译教程》第一部分“口译概论” ?第二节“口译定义” ?The Criteria of Interpretation 翻译的标准 ?功能对等functional equivalence ?信、达、雅faithfulness fluency/ expressiveness and elegance ?Remember how modern interpretation started? ? ?口译特点The Characteristics of Interpretation (The similarity and difference between T and I) We still need to improve: ?语言解意能力listening comprehension ?反应记忆能力short-term memory and quick response ?信息组合能力summarizing information ?语言表达能力language expressiveness ?文化背景知识all-embracing knowledge ? ?Even more… ?unpredictability —flexibility and expressiveness ?pressure — self-confidence ?solo work —great responsibility ?all embracing knowledge — jack of all trades, master of none ?smart power…… ? ?口译的类型 the categorical classification of Interpretation ?形式 ?交替传译 ?同声传译 ?耳语口译 ?视阅口译

中级口译教程(第三版).梅德明著.第一盒-1英语部分

Listen and interpret the following conversation alternatively into English and Chinese: A: 罗伯茨先生，很高兴再次见到您。有什么需要我做的吗? I'm so happy to see you again , Mr. Roberts. May 1 help you in some way? B: Hi , Miss Chen, it's been ten months since 1 left China. 1 would like to discuss with you the possibilities of establishing a joint venture with your company to manufacture cordless(无电线的)phones and mobile phones. A: 好极了。您的投资意向是明智的。我公司也正在寻求外资，合办一家生产元绳电话和移动电话的制造公司，您的提议很好。罗伯茨先生，我还记得一年前曾同您讨论过有关外国在华投资的事情。That's great. Your investment proposal(提议;建议;求婚)is a very wise decision. Our company is also seeking foreign investment in a manufacturing company for cordless and mobile phones. Your initiative is most welcome. 1 remember talking to you about the matter of foreign investment in China a year ago, Mr.Roberts. B: Yes, you did a good job. The whole idea of my investing in a joint enterprise with your company is the direct result of your wonderful lecture(演讲). Your answers were direct and honest. And your, explanations were sincere and persuasive.

中级口译教程-梅德明-第三版-句子精炼 2-16单元(全)

句子精炼( Sentences in Focus ) Unit 2 接待口译（机场迎宾、宾馆入住、宴会招待、参观访问） 1. This is a fantastic airport, absolutely one of the top-notch international airports.（这个机场太美了，绝对是一个顶尖的国际机场。） 2. I’m very bad with a jet-lag. But I will be all right in a couple of days.（我倒时差很慢，但两天后自然就回复了。） 3. I’d like to have a 7 o’clock morning call, breakfast sent up to my room, laundry done, some documents photocopied, an express mail sent out, and something like that.（我要早上7点钟叫醒，早餐送到我房间，衣服要熨，文件要复印，邮件要快递，诸如此类的事情需要服务。） 4. We all maneuvered successfully to get our job done, so to speak.（可以说我们每个人都成功的使我们的使命得以完成。） 5. Let’s delight ourselves completely in the foods that Mother Nature grants us.（让我们尽情享受大自然赋予我们的食物吧。） 6. 我要是没认错的话，您一定是从伦敦来的泰莱科教授吧。(You must be Prof. Tallack from London, if I’m not mistaken.) 7. 我是海通集团人力资源部经理。(I’m manager of Human Resources, the Haitong Group.) 8. 感激您不辞辛劳，从百忙之中抽空来我公司指导。(We are very grateful that you took time from your busy schedule and came to our company to give us advice.) 9. 今晚我们设宴为您洗尘。(We will host a reception dinner in your honor this evening.) 10. 我在你们的酒店预订了一间双人间，有确认函。(I have made a reservation for a double room with your hotel. And here is the confirmation letter.) 11. 提前10天预定房间可以享受8折优惠价。(You will have a good rate with 20％off when you make a reservation 10 days in advance.) 12. 我们有许多现代化的健身设备可以满足客人的不同需求。(We have many modern fitness facilities catering to the different needs of our guests.) 13. 没有凯兰女士的最后努力，现在还不知道怎样呢，恐怕我们还在谈判之中呢。(Without Ms. K eland’s last-minute effort, we would still be in the middle of nowhere, probably in the middle of negotiations, I’m afraid.) 14. 同中国其他菜系一样，“本帮菜”具有“色、香、味”三大要素，特点是注重调料的使用、食物的质地和菜的原汁原味。(Like all other Chinese regional cuisines, Ben bang cuisine takes “color, aroma and taste” as its essential quality elements. It emphasizes in particular the expert use of seasonings, the selection of raw materials with quality texture, and original flavors.) 15. 这些菜绝对是首选，你一定喜欢。别客气，请随意。(These dishes are absolutely tasters′ choice. I bet you will like them. Please help yourself to the dishes.) 16. 各位能够赏光来此共度一年中的这个美好时光，我感到非常荣幸，让我们共同举杯，祝各位身体健康，事业有成，阖家幸福。(I consider it a great honor to have you all here for this wonderful time of the year. Let us drink to the health, great career and happy family of everybody present.) 17. 我们先来鸟瞰一下整个园区吧，然后在园区内各处转悠一下，用我们的话来说就是“走马观花”。(First of all, we will take a bird’s-eye view of the Park. And then we will look around in the Park and, to use a Chinese metaphor, we will “cast a passing glance at flowers while riding on a hor seback”.) 18. 高科技园区享有国家授予的项目审批权和优惠政策，是一个与国际管理体质接轨的经济区域。(The high-tech Park is authorized by the state government to approve projects with preferential policies, operating under the management system of international standards.)

中级口译教程词汇翻译

第二单元接待口译Interpreting for Reception Service 2-1 机场迎宾Greeting at the Airport 人力资源部经理：manager of Human Resources. Top-notch: 顶尖的 能够成行：make it 不辞辛苦：in spite of the tiring trip 百忙中抽空：take time from busy schedule run into a storm:下暴雨 Be held up: 耽搁clear up:天气转好 Attending service：服务倒时差：get over the jet-lag 行李齐了：get all the luggage 下榻宾馆：take sb.to the hotel 设宴洗尘：host a reception in one’s honor 总裁：chairman 杂技表演：acrobatic show 2-2 宾馆入住Hotel Accommodation Check-in: 登记住宿预定房间：have a reservation with 确认函：confirmation letter travel agency：旅行社 Itinerary：行程表accommodation：住宿 双人间：double room 豪华套房：a deluxe suite 8折优惠价：have a good rate with 20% off morning cal：:叫醒 Photo-copy：复印express mail：快递邮件 总台：Front desk 餐饮部：Catering Service 洗熨部：Laundry Service 楼层服务台：Floor Service Desk Fitness exercise：健身教练：coach 2-3 宴会招待Banquet Service 敬业（的专家）：dedicated（experts）contribute one’s share：尽了…责任Maneuver ：机动，演习，策略，调遣大自然所赐予的：Mother Nature grant us Cuisine：菜系色，香，味，形：color，aroma,taste,appearance 食物的质地：raw materials with quality texture 调料：seasonings 原汁原味：original flavor appetizing：引起食欲的 特色点心：special snack 酸甜适口：a sweet and sour sauce 皮薄汁醇：with thin and translucent wrappers and rish tasty soup. 皮脆肉嫩：(with a ) crispy skin and tender meat figure out：想出 好戏还在后头：have more surprises to expect 祝酒：drink to (the health) of sb. 干杯：cheers 2-4 参观访问Getting Around 高科技园区：High-Tech Park 业务经理：operation manager 鸟瞰：take a bird’s eye view of 言归正传：come back to story 走马观花：cast a passing glance at flowers while riding on horsehack 显目审批权：be authorized to approve projects (with) 优惠政策：preferential policies 与国际管理体制接轨：operate under the management system of international standards

英语中级口译考试英语长句翻译方法

英语中级口译考试英语长句翻译方法长句在中级口译考试中科技性的文体中的出现极为频繁，在翻译长句时，首先，不要因为句子太长而产生畏惧心理，因为，无论是多么复杂的句子，它都是由一些基本的成分组成的。其次要弄清英语原文的句法结构，找出整个句子的中心内容及其各层意思，然后分析几层意思之间的相互逻辑关系，再按照汉语的特点和表达方式，正确地译出原文的意思，不必拘泥于原文的形式。下面是yjbys 小编为大家带来的英语中级口译考试英语长句翻译方法，欢迎阅读。 长句的翻译英语习惯于用长的句子表达比较复杂的概念， 而汉语则不同，常常使用若干短句，作层次分明的叙述。因此，在进行英译汉时，要特别注意英语和汉语之间的差异，将英语的长句分解，翻译成汉语的短句。在英语长句的翻译过程中，我们一般采取下列的方法。 (1) 顺序法。当英语长句的内容的叙述层次与汉语基本一致时，可以按照英语原文的顺序翻译成汉语。例如： 例1. Even when we turn off the beside lamp and are fast asleep， electricity is working for us，driving our refrigerators，heating our water，or keeping our rooms air-conditioned. (84 年考题) 分析：该句子由一个主句，三个作伴随状语的现在分词以及位于句首的时间状语从句组成，共有五层意思： A. 即使在我们关掉了床头灯深深地进入梦乡时; B.电仍在为我们工作; C. 帮我们开动电冰箱; D. 加热水; E. 或是室内空调机继续运转。上述五层意思的逻辑关系以及表达的顺序与汉语完全一致，因此，我们可以通过顺序法，把该句翻译成： 即使在我们关掉了床头灯深深地进入梦乡时，电仍在为我们工

中级口译教程 课后汉英翻译

1. This is a fantasitic airport, absolutely one of the top-notch international airports. 这个机场太美了，绝对是一个顶尖的国际机场。 2. I'm very bad with a jet-lag. But I'll be all right in a couple of days. 我倒时差很慢，但两天后自然就恢复了。 3. I'd like to have a 7 o'clock morning call, breakfast sent up to my room, laundry done, some documents photocopied, an express mail sent out, and something like that. 我要早上7点钟叫醒，早餐送我房间，衣服要洗烫，文件要复印，邮件要快递，诸如此类的事情需要服务。 4. We all maneuvered successfully to get our job done, so to speak. 可以说我们每个人都成功地使我们的使命得以完成。 5. Let's delight ourselves completely in the foods that Mother Nature grants us. 让我们尽情享受大自然赐予我们的食物吧 6. You must be Prof. Tallack from London, If I'm not mistaken. 我要是没有认错的话，你一定是从伦敦来的泰莱克教授吧？ 7. I'm manager of Human Resources, the Haitong Group. 我是海通集团人力资源部经理。 8. We're very grateful that you took time from your busy schedule and came to our company to give us advice. 感激您不辞辛苦，从百忙中抽空来我公司指导。 9. We'll hold a reception dinner in your honor this evening. 今晚我们设宴为你洗尘 10. I have made a reservation for a double room with your hotel. And here's the confirmation letter. 我在你们的酒店预订了一间双人房，有确认函。 11. You will have a good rate of 20% off when you make a reservation 10 days in advance. 提前十天预订房间可以享受8折优惠。 12. We have many modern fitness facilities catering to the different needs of our goods. 我们有许多现代化的健身设备可满足客人的不同需求。 13. Without Ms. Kelland's last-minute effort, we would still be in the middle of nowhere, probably in the middle of negotiations, I'm afraid. 没有凯兰女士的最后努力，现在还不知道怎样呢，恐怕我们还在谈判之中呢。 14. Like all other Chinese regional cuisines, Benbang cuisine takes "color, aroma and taste" as its essential quality elements. It emphasizes in particular the expert use of seasonings, the selection of raw materials with quality texture, and original flavors. 同中国其他菜系一样，“本帮菜”具有“色、香、味”三大要素，特点是注意调料的使用、食物的质地和菜的原汁原味。 15. These dishes are absolutely tasters' choice. I bet you will like them. Please help yourself to the dishes. 这些菜绝对是首选，你一定喜欢。别客气，请随意。 16. I consider it a great honor to have you all here for this wonderful time of the

中级口译翻译教程(英翻中)[1].

Unit 1 【例1】The history of a tree from the time it starts in the forest until the boards which it yields are used, would form an interesting and, in many instances, an exciting story. （“×”号表示译文有问题，下同） ×树的历史开始于森林中，直到生产为木板后被使用为止，成为一个有趣且有许多事例的激动人心的故事。 上面这句话的原文实际上主要说了两点内容： 1、树的历史的起迄时间 2、树的历史是怎样一回事 【译文】一棵树，从它在森林中生长起直到被制成木板使用为止，这段历史会构成一个饶有趣味的故事，在很多情况下这个故事十分激动人心。 例2】There are two regulatory systems which interact. One timing system comes from the evidence of our senses and stomachs, and the periodicity we experience when living in a particular time zone. ×有两个调节系统相互作用。一个定时系统来自于我们的感官和胃的证明，就是当我们生活在一个特定的时区所经历的周期性。 【译文】人体有两个相互作用的时间调节系统。一个时间调节系统依据感官和胃发出的信息，依据我们生活在某个时区所体验的周期性规律。 寻找对等词语和结构然后将其串接成句的翻译方法，常表现如下： 1、简单语句的译文虽然生硬，但基本可读。如： 【例3】I can see three different 无效s of composers in musical history, each of whom creates music in a somewhat different fashion. ×我能看到音乐史上有三种不同的作曲家，他们中每一个人以某种不同的方式创作音乐。 【译文】我发现音乐史上有三类作曲家，他们各自的音乐创作方式有所不同。 2、较复杂语句的译文似通非通，甚至不知所云。如： 【例4】The traditionalist 无效of composer begins with a pattern rather than with a theme. The creative act with Palestrina is not the thematic conception so much as the personal treatment of a well－established pattern.

任文英汉口译教程(一)

任文英汉口译教程(一) 任文英汉口译教程 1. 介绍 什么是任文英汉口译 •任文英汉口译是一种将英语和汉语进行即场翻译的技能。 •它需要对两种语言的语法、词汇和文化有深入的理解。 为什么学习任文英汉口译 •任文英汉口译是一项重要的职业技能，能够为个人带来稳定的收入。 •学习任文英汉口译可以帮助你更好地理解和跨越不同文化之间的沟通障碍。 2. 基本技能 英语和汉语的语法和词汇 •学习和熟悉英语和汉语的语法规则和词汇是进行口译的基础。 •需要掌握常见的词汇和短语，并且了解它们在不同语境中的意思。听力技巧 •提高听力技巧是进行口译的关键。

•练习听力理解，包括辨别不同口音、语速和语气的能力。 口语表达能力 •有效的口语表达是进行口译的重要要素。 •练习口语表达，包括发音、语调和流利度的提高。 3. 提高技巧 词汇积累 •积累各种领域的词汇是提高口译技能的关键。 •阅读英语和汉语的文本，注意词汇的使用和上下文的语义。 文化背景了解 •了解英语和汉语背后的文化背景对于进行口译至关重要。 •学习相关的历史、地理、宗教和社会习俗等方面的知识。 实践口译 •参与口译活动和实践是提高口译技能的有效途径。 •可以参加会议、座谈会、翻译实习等活动，提高口译的实际运用能力。 4. 常见问题解答 口语速度的问题 •如何在快速的对话中保持准确的口译?

•练习听取快速口语的相关素材，并进行反复练习。 语法和词汇的问题 •如何在语法和词汇方面提高口译的准确性？ •阅读大量的英语和汉语文本，注意语法和词汇的正确应用。 文化差异的问题 •如何应对不同文化之间的语言障碍？ •学习不同文化的习俗、礼仪和价值观，以更好地理解和沟通。 以上是一份简要的任文英汉口译教程，希望对你提供帮助和指导。请按照教程中的指导逐步提高口译的技能，并不断进行实践和练习。 祝你成功！

中级口译教程 梅德明 第三版 3-4 文化差异

3-4 文化差异Culture Difference 词汇预习 Settle down For good 奥斯卡最佳影片奖 First and foremost Long-stemmed rose Vigor and vitality Film postrer Make sense 举例说明 Originality Give priority to Altruistic dedication Seminar Respond instantaneously Be obsessed with Working ethic Individual-orinted Moral autonomy Confucianism Sing high praises Uplift Communal harmony Take precedence over Global integration Go bowling The peony pavilion Broadway 课文口译 A: 罗伯茨先生，您在中国生活两年了，还习惯吧？ B:I think I′m quite used to my Chinese life here . Actually I′m thinking about settling down in China for good . A:前几天我看可一部美国电影，片名叫《美国丽人》。我没有完全看懂，我也不知道这部电影为何获得了当年的奥斯卡最佳影片奖。我完全看懂可能是中美两国的文化差异吧，或者叫做东西方文化差异。 B:This is a good topic and a broad topic , too . Let me talk a bit more about the film you mentioned . Actually , I have noticed a very interesting dafference many Chinese and Americans in understanding the title of the film. A:是吗？

中级口译教程(word版)版第一部分

上海紧缺人才培训工程教学系列丛书英语中级口译资格证书考试 总主编戴炜栋 中级口译教程 Interpretation Third Edition 梅德明编著

目录 第一部分口译概论 Part One An Overview of Interpretation 一、口译历史The Development of Interpretation 2 二、口译定义The Definition of Interpretation 5 三、口译特点The Characteristics of Interpretation 7 四、口译标准The Criteria of Interpretation 9 五、口译过程The Process of Interpretation 11 六、口译类型The Categorical Classification of Interpretation 15 七、口译模式 A Tripartite Model of Interpretation 17 八、译员素质Interpreter Qualification Requirements 19 九、口译培训Interpreter Training 21 十、口译研究Research in Interpretation and Interpreting 22 第二部分培训教程 Part Two A Training Course 第一单元口译技巧_______________________________________ 30 Unit One Introducing Skills in Interpreting 1-1称谓口译 Interpreting Titles 30 1-2谚语口译 Interpreting Proverbs 33 1-3引语口译 Interpreting Quotations 37 1-4数字口译 Interpreting Numbers 40 1-5口译笔记 Note-Taking in Interpreting 46 第二单元接待口译_______________________________________ ---------- —------------------------------------------------------- — ------------------------ 54 Unit Two Interpreting for Reception Service 2-1机场迎宾 Greetings at the Airport 54 2-2宾馆入住 Hotel Accommodation 56 2-3宴会招待 Banquet Service 58 2-4参观访问 Getting Around 61 句子精练 Sentences in Focus 64 参考译文 Reference Version 66 第三单元会谈口译_________________________ ------------------------------------------------------------------- — ---------------------------'75 Unit Three Interpreting Conversations 3-1欢迎光临 Welcome 75 3-2投资意向 A Wish to Invest 77 3-3合资企业 Establishing a Joint Venture 80 3-4文化差异 Cultural Differences 83 句子精练 Sentences in Focus 88 参考译文 Reference Version 90 第四单元访谈口译____________________________________ Unit Four Interpreting Interviews 100 4-1行在美国Travel in America 100

4.英汉翻译教程 (1)

第一章 翻译的定义和翻译的原则 一、翻译的定义 1.Translation is the art of recomposing a work in another language without losing its original flavor.( Columbia Encyclopedia ) 2. Translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style. ( Eugene A. Nida ) 3.翻译是把一种语言表达的意义用另一种语言传达出来，以达到沟通思想感情、传播文化知识、促进社会文明，特别是推动译语文化兴旺昌盛的目的。（孙致礼2003：6 ） 二、翻译的原则 1. Yan Fu (1854-1921) In translation, there are three aspects difficult to bring about: faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance. It is no easy work to realize ―faithfulness‖! If there is only faithfulness without expressiveness , the translation doesn’t amount to translation. From here we can see expressiveness is of great importance. (译事三难，信，达，雅。求其信已大难矣！顾信矣不达，虽译犹不译也，则达尚焉） ①Japanese army killed millions of innocent people during the war. ----那场战争中日本军队屠杀了成百上千无辜的平民 ②Action is equal to reaction, but it acts in a contrary direction. ――作用力与反作用力大小相等，方向相反． ③We shall all miss him, but we wish him a long and happy retirement. ――我们都会想念他的，我们祝愿他退休后快乐、长寿． ④For never was a story of more woe Than this of Juliet and her Romeo. 古往今来多少离合悲欢, 谁曾见这样的哀怨辛酸！ ⑤Crafty men contempt studies, simple men admire them, and wise use them; for they teach not their own use; but that is a wisdom without them, and above them , won by observation. ――有一技之长者鄙读书，无知者慕读书，唯明智之士用读书，然书并不以用处告人，用书之智不在书中，而在书外，全凭观察得之． 2. Fu Lei (1908-1966) ①From there I could see the whole valley below, the field, the river , and the village. It was all beautiful, and the sight of it filled me with longing. ――从这里望下去，整个山谷一览无遗，只见那田野、河流、村庄，全都美不胜收，真叫我心驰神往． ②He carried on a business , but brought his pigs to the wrong market. ――他经营生意，可是几乎血本无归． 3.Qian Zhongshu ①Capri is a gaunt rock of austere outline, bathed in a deep blue sea; but its vineyards, green and smiling, give it a soft and easy grace. It is friendly, remote, and debonair. 卡普里岛是一块外形突兀的荒凉的岩石，沐浴在深蓝色的海洋里，但是它的葱绿的葡萄园仿佛在向人微笑，使这个海岛增添了几分令人舒爽的温柔宁静的姿色，卡普里岛远离尘嚣，但景色宣人，生机盎然。 ②The young people were all in high favour, especially Alice, whose sweet face and temper would have endeared her to the devil himself, but there was much shaking of heads over her handsome husband, Peter, who had a hot eye for a fine leg, as Matty put it, and was apt to put an arm round the kitchen girls if he had the chance. 仆人们对家里年轻的主人都充满好感，特别对艾丽丝更是如此。她的脸蛋长得甜甜，脾气又特别随和，就是魔鬼见了她也会喜欢。但谈起她那位英俊的丈夫——彼得，许多仆人是摇头的，玛蒂形容说，他见了女人标致的大腿，眼睛就会色迷迷的，如果逮着机会还会去搂一把年轻厨娘的腰。 4. Alexander Fraser Tytler ①You country is a consistent and resolute champion of all the people who struggle against terrorism.――贵国一直坚定地站在反对恐怖主义的前列． ②It is the champion of apartheid.――它是导致种族隔离的罪魁祸首 ③A thousand mustaches can live together, but not four breasts. 千条汉子能共处，两个婆娘难相容． ④Being invited to dance, she would not very well refuse. ――有人请她跳舞，她不好意拒绝