第4章 句子的英译(新编汉英翻译教程 陈宏薇)1

第4章句子的英译

（1）我们的房子是一百多年前建造的。

Our house was built over a hundred years ago.

（2）我是北京人。

I come from Beijing.

（3）如果不适当地处理，锅炉及机动车辆排出的废气就会造成城市空气污染。

Exhaust from boilers and vehicles, unless properly treated, causes air pollution in cities.

（4）假日里，青年人双双对对漫步在公园里。

The young people in pairs and couples rambled about the park on holidays.

（5）然而悲惨的皱纹，却也从他的眉头和嘴角出现了。

Miserable wrinkles began to appear between his eyebrows and round his mouth.

（6）如果说，词汇是语言的“建筑材料”，那么，句子便是文章的“基本部件”。

If vocabulary is the "building materials" for language, sentences are "fundamental parts" of writings.

（7）邮差先生走到街上来，手里拿着一大把信。在这小城里他兼任邮务员、售票员，但仍旧有许多剩余时间，每天戴上老花镜，埋头在公案上剪裁花样。

Mr. Postman would walk up the street with a bundle of letters in his hand. Working in a small town as postman and stamp seller, he still had lots of spare time. Every day he would sit bending over his desk scissor-cutting flower patterns, wearing a pair of glasses for farsighted old people.

（8）中国有两点是靠得住的，一是讲原则，二是说话算数。（邓小平）

China can be counted on. Among other things, first, it upholds principles and second, it honors its words.

（9）人有失错，马有漏蹄。

As a horse may tumble, so a man may make mistakes.

（10）欢乐的人群宛如大海的波涛，从街道上汹涌而过。

The jubilant crowd surged through the streets like the sea waves.

（11）他的身材魁梧，生一副大长方脸，嘴巴阔大，肌肤呈着紫檀色。

He was a giant of a man with a long square face, a wide mouth and a complexion suffused with the colour of red sandalwood.

（12）①鲁迅的骨头是最硬的，②他没有丝毫的奴颜和媚骨，③这是殖民地半殖民地人民最可宝贵的性格。

Lu Hsun was a man of unyielding integrity, free from all sycophancy or obsequiousness; this quality is invaluable among colonial and semi-colonial peoples.

（13）幸亏这些青年妇女，白洋淀长大的，她们摇得小船飞快。小船活像开了水皮的一条打跳的梭鱼。It was lucky that all these young wives had grown up by the river: their boat went like the wind. It shot forward like some flying fish, hardly skimming the water.

将their boat替换“她们”作主语，是便于与后一句的It（指“小船”）照应。

（14）世纪之交，中国外交空前活跃。

a. The turn of the century finds China most active on the diplomatic arena.

b. At the turn of the century, China is very active in its diplomatic activities.

（15）一九六四年十月中国爆炸了第一颗原子弹，使世界大为震惊。 a. China's first atomic blast in October, 1964 was a great shock to the rest of the world.

b. In October, 1964, China blasted its first atomic bomb, which shocked the rest of the world greatly.

（16）胎又瘪了。

We've got another flat tire.

（17）树缝里也漏着一两点路灯光，没精打采的，是渴睡人的眼。Here and there a few rays from street-lamps filtered through the trees, listless as the eyes of one who is dozing.

（18）人不可貌相，海水不可斗量。a. It is impossible to judge people from their appearance, and impossible to measure the ocean by pints.

b. We can't judge people from their appearance, just as we can't measure the ocean by pints.。

（19）到了济南府，进得城来，家家泉水，户户垂杨，比那江南风景，觉得更为有趣。

When he reached Jinan and entered the city, there were flowing streams by every house and willow trees by every door, which delighted him even more than the scenery of the south.

（20）沉默呵，沉默呵！不在沉默中爆发，就在沉默中灭亡。

Silence, silence! Unless we burst out, we shall perish in this silence!

It's blowing hard.

（22）用劳动实现自己的理想，用理想指导自己的劳动。

You realize your ideals through labour and you guide your labour by ideals.

（23）不懂就是不懂，不要装懂。不要摆官架子。钻进去，几个月，一年两年，三年五年，总可以学会的。

We must not pretend to know when we do not know. We must not put on bureaucratic airs. If we dig into a subject for several months, for a year or two, for three or five years, we shall eventually master it.

（24）出了院门，四顾一望，并无二色，远远的是青松翠竹，自己却似装在玻璃盆内一般。于是走至山坡之下，顺着山脚刚转

过去，已闻得一股含香扑鼻，回头一看，却是妙玉那边栊翠庵中有十数株红梅，如胭脂一般，映着雪色，分外显得精神，好不有趣。

Once outside his own gate he gazed round. All was white except for some green pines and emerald bamboos in the distance, so that he had the sensation of being in a crystal bowl. As he rounded the foot of the slope he smelt a cold fragrance and, looking over his shoulder, saw a dozen or so crimson plum trees in Green Lattice Nunnery where Miaoyu lived, their blossom, red as rouge, reflected in the snow and remarkably vivid against it.

（1）中央政府不干预香港特别行政区的事务。

a. The Central Government has refrained from intervening in the affairs of the HKSAR.

b. The Central Government has never intervened in the affairs of the HKSAR.

（2）中国经济将融入世界经济的大潮。

a. The economy of China will merge into the tide of the world economy.

b. The economy of China will converge with that of the world.

（3）这事到了现在，还是时时记起。

a. Even now, this remains fresh in my memory.

b. Even now, I still often think about this.

（4）世纪之交，中国外交空前活跃。

a. The turn of the century finds China most active on the diplomatic arena.

b. At the turn of the century, China is very active in its diplomatic activities.

（5）（听说你明天开张，）也许用的着，特意给你送来了。

a. (I hear that you're opening tomorrow.) You may have some use for these things, so I took them along.

b. (I hear that you're opening tomorrow.) Thought these might come in handy, so I brought them along.

（6）现在，连我们也欠饷啊！

a. Nowadays even our monthly pay is often in arrears.

b. Nowadays even we aren't always paid on time.

（7）在同新闻界谈话的时候，上海人使用越来越多的最高级形容词。

a. When they talk to the press, the Shanghai citizens use more and more adjectives of the superlative degree.

b. You can hear Shanghai people using more and more adjectives of the superlative degree when they talk to the press.

（8）（现在上海人的传统形象开始起了变化，）他们的言语和行动都充满了信心和自豪。

a. Their words and actions are filled with confidence and pride.

b. They are confident and proud in their speeches and actions.

（9）我又闲了一个多月啦！

a. I've been idle for another month now.

b. Another month now and I've had no work.

（10）（颐和园）1900年遭八国联军破坏，（至1903年才得以修复）。

a. The palace was reduced to ruins by the allied forces of the eight foreign powers.

b. The palace suffered ravage in the hands of the allied forces of the eight foreign powers.

。

（11）她们（指“时装模特”）逐渐地镇定下来，有了自信。

a. They gradually calmed down, restored self-confidence, and ...

b. Gradually, they calmed down and regained self-confidence.

（12）封建社会代替奴隶社会，资本主义代替封建主义，社会主义经历一个过程发展后必然代替资本主义。

Feudal society replaced slave society, capitalism supplanted feudalism, and, after a long time, socialism will necessarily supersede capitalism.

（13）（一个世纪以来，中国人民在前进道路上经历了三次历史性的巨大变化……）第一次是辛亥革命，……第二次是中华人民共和国的成立，……第三次是改革开放……

The first change was represented by the Revolution of 1911 ... The second change was marked by the founding of the People's Republic of China ... The third change was featured by the reform, opening up ...

（14）一年年，燕子来了去了

一年年，阶前草绿了黄了

Year after year the swallows come and go;

Year after year the grass before the terrace grows green, yellows.

（15）九斤老太早已做过八十大寿，仍然不平而且康健。六斤的双丫角，已经成为一支大辫子了。

Old Mrs. Ninepounder celebrated her eightieth birthday some time ago and is as full of complaints, as hale and hearty as ever. Sixpounder's twin tufts of hair have changed into a thick braid.

（16）他给我的印象是，态度非常呆板僵硬，仿佛肚子里吞下了一根拨火棒似的。

He had given me the impression of absolute rigidity, as though he had swallowed a poker.

（17）河边枯柳树下的几株瘦削的一丈红，该是村女种的吧。

The few sparse hollyhocks beneath the withered willows by the stream must have been planted by the country girls.

（18）农业搞好了，农民能自给，五亿人口就稳定了。

a. If agriculture is in good shape and the peasants self-supporting, then the 500 million people will feel secure.

b. If agriculture is in good shape and the peasants are self-supporting, then the 500 million people will feel secure.

（19）思想……

是炉火，

炉火是墙上的树影，

是冬夜的声音。

Thoughts ...

Are the fire in a stove,

The fire in a stove is the tree's shadow on the wall.

And the sound in the winter night.

（20）关于如何改进市民的居住条件问题市政府给予了充分重视。

a. Full attention has been paid by the municipal government to the improvement of the housing conditions of the urban inhabitants.

b. The municipal government has paid full attention to the housing conditions of the urban inhabitants.

（21）液体的形状总是随着容器的变化而变化，因为液体没有自己的固定形状。换言之，无论你把它放在什么样的容器中，它的形状总是和容器内壁的形状完全一样。

Since a liquid has no definition shape of its own, it varies in shape from container to container. In other words, in whatever container it is poured, the liquid will take exactly the interior shape of the container.

（1）中国的批评界怎样的趋势，我却不大了然，也不很注意。

I am not too clear, not too interested, either, regarding current trends in China's literary criticism.

（2）沙发上坐着一个人。

A man was sitting on a couch.

（3）马可?波罗的中国之行，给他留下最深刻印象的是杭州西湖之秀美。

The beauty of the West Lake in Hangzhou was what impressed Marco Polo most during his trip to China.

（4）早晨的公园里，遛鸟者时常可见。

a. Early in the parks we often see people walk with caged birds in hand.

b. Taking a walk in parks with caged birds in hand is a common scene in the early morning.

（5）生日是自己长大以后听家里人说的，……

I was told about my birthday by my foster-parents when I grew up.

（5）我们明天上午九时动身。

We are going to start at nine tomorrow morning.

（6）这本书是三天前买的。

The book was bought three days ago.

（7）他每晚都要看电视。

He watches TV every morning.

（8）武当山终年云雾缭绕。

Seas of clouds enshroud the peaks of Mt. Wudang throughout the year.

（10）在机器中很多能量是由于部件之间的摩擦而损失的。

In a machine a great deal of energy is lost because of the friction between its parts.

（11）他们很细心地观察化学变化。

a. They observed the chemical reaction with great care.

b. They observed with great care the chemical reaction.

（12）他们肩并肩地以疯狂速度向那座石塔奔去。

a. They ran side by side at a fantastic speed towards the stone pagoda.

b. Side by side and at a fantastic speed they ran towards the stone pagoda.

c. Side by side they ran at a fantastic speed towards the stone pagoda.

（13）大会将于①今年九月②在北京③隆重开幕。

The meeting will begin ③ceremoniously ②in Beijing ①the following September.

（14）他①每晚②都在图书馆③用心读书。

He reads ③hard ②in the library ①every evening.

（15）他①一九三五年②八月③二十二日④早晨⑤六点三十分诞生在(1)湖南的(2)一个小县城。

He was born (2)in a small town (1)of Hunan Province ⑤at six thirty ④on the morning of ②August ③22, ①1935.

（16）设在位于①纽约市②中心③一座摩天大楼④第四十层楼里的⑤那间办公室，就是他工作的小天地。

⑤The office ④on the fortieth floor ③of a skyscraper ②in the center ①of New York is the world he works in.

（17）浩瀚的大海

the vast sea

（18）古老的中原文化

The time-honoured Central Plain culture

（19）举世闻名的万里长城

the world-famous Great Wall

（20）一九四九年解放以前，中国人民曾经遭受①世界罕见的②恶性通货膨胀的灾祸。

Before liberation in 1949 the Chinese people suffered from ②some of the worst inflation ①the world had ever known.

（21）正月十五元宵夜，街上挂着①各式各样②精巧的灯笼。

On the evening of the Lantern Festival, the 15th of the first lunar month, ②exquisite lanterns ①of diverse designs are hung along the streets.

（22）①避暑山庄和北京的故宫、山东曲阜的孔庙一样，②是中国保存最完好的古代建筑群，③也是中国现存规模最大的古典皇家园林。

The Summer Palace of Chengde is one of the three best-preserved magnificent ancient architectural complexes in China, the other two being the forbidden City in Beijing and the Confucian Temple in Qufu of Shandong Province.

（23）卢沟桥位于北京广安门外约10公里处的丰台区永定河口。

Lugou Bridge spans the Yongding River mouth at Fengtai District, about ten kilometers from Guanganmenwai Street of Beijing.

（24）①中国现存②规模最大、③保存最完好的古代建筑群

③the best-preserved ②magnificent ancient architectural complexes ③in China

（25）山东曲阜是①中国②古代③著名的思想家、教育家孔子的故乡。

Qufu, Shandong Province, is the birthplace of Confucius, a ③well-renowned ②ancient ①Chinese thinker and teacher.

（26）①我走过地板时，②一块板子吱吱作响。

A board creaked as I crossed the floor..

（27）①佗用刀刮骨，②悉悉有声。

②The knife made a thin, ①grating sound as it scraped the surface.

（28）①如果说白天广州像座翡翠城，②那么当太阳沉没，③广州就成了一颗夜明珠，④灯光如海，⑤千街闪烁。

①If Guangzhou is like a city of jadeite in the daytime, ③it becomes a luminous pearl, ④with a sea of lights twinkling ⑤in the streets ②after the sun sets in the west.。

（29）①女主人已经离开人世，②再没有人喂它了。③它好像已经意识到这一点。

③He must have been aware ②that nobody was going to feed him ①after the death of his mistress.。

（1）我认为他不够格。

I don’t think he is qualified.

（2）这房子尽管富丽堂皇，但是住起来一点也不舒服。

With all its magnificence, the house is not at all comfortable to live in.

（3）液体没有固定的形状，气体也没有。

Liquids have no definite shape; nor have gases.

（4）如果没有摩擦，运动的物体永远不会停止。

A moving object would never come to a stop if there were no friction.

（5）水淀里没有一个人影，只有一团白绸子样的水鸟，也躲开鬼子往北飞去，落到大荷叶下面歇凉去了。

No one else was in sight. Only a flock of silky white water-fowl flew off to the north away from the Japanese soldiers, alighting to rest in the shade of big lotus leaves.

（6）（与此同时，上海人也清醒地认识到，）不能沾沾自喜以“老大”自居。

In now way should they become complacent and pose as No.1 in the country.

（7）那位老人能在大风大浪中不停地游泳达三个小时以上。

The old man could swim continuously in great storms for more than three hours.

（8）人民军队离不开人民，就像鱼儿离不开水一样。

The people is to the people's army what water is to fish.

（9）密云水库……远山叠翠，绿波万顷，和我记忆中的太湖不相上下。

The Miyun Reservoir ... With its vast area of green waves and row upon row of verdant mountains in the distance can be equally matched with the Taihu lake in my memory.

He is above blame.

（11）他化学测验不及格。

He failed the test in chemistry.

（12）我们不能让孩子们上河里游泳。

We must keep the kids from swimming in the river.

（13）这尊雕像历经大地震后毫发未损，仍然矗立。

The statue survived the great earthquake, remained intact and was still standing there.

（14）谅你不敢这么干。

Do that again if you dare.

（15）你借钱给那个无赖，不啻把钱丢在海里。

You might as well throw your money into the sea as lend it to that rascal.

（16）女孩儿未出嫁，是颗无价宝珠；……

A girl before marriage is a precious pearl.

（17）子曰：“不患人之不己知，患不知人也。”

The Master said, ( the good man) does not grieve that other people do not recognize his merits. His only anxiety is lest he should fail to recognize theirs.

（18）名不正则言不顺，言不顺则事不成，……

If language is incorrect, then what is said does not concord with what was meant; and if what is said does not concord with what was meant, what is to be done cannot be effected.

（19）我想：希望本无所谓有，无所谓无。

I thought: hope cannot be said to exist, nor can it be said not to exist.

（20）不看秦始皇兵马俑，不算真正到过中国。

a. A traveler who has not seen the Qin Dynasty terra cotta figures cannot claim to have visited China.

b. No one who has not seen the Qin Dynasty terra cotta figures can claim to have visited China.

（21）他在这上面费了很多力。

He took no little pain over it.

（22）我对你万分感激。

I couldn't thank you enough.

（23）完全同意。

I couldn't agree more.

（24）直到喷气发动机发明以后，飞机才能以超音速的速

度飞行。

Not until the invention of the jet engine could airplanes travel at supersonic speeds.

（25）智者千虑必有一失。

Even the wise are not always free from errors.

（1）窗前有棵老榆树，榆钱儿正密，一串串在枝上垂着，有几只刚出巢的蜜蜂，围着榆枝乱飞，不住的嗡嗡的叫着。

An old elm before the house was hung with thick clusters of seeds and some bees just out of the hive were flying round it, keeping up a continuous hum.

（2）①广东省阳春县境内多是石灰岩地质，②由于长期的江水浸渍和风化作用，③形成了大量峥嵘挺拔的山峰和幽深莫测的溶洞。

Calcareous structure, water erosion and weathering contributed to many lofty peaks and deep secluded karst caves in Yangchun County, Guangdong Province.

（3）①我家门前有些摆摊儿的，都是生意人。②大凡生意人都懂得“一步差三市”的道理。③就是说，别看你的店只和人家差了三步，但景气的程度要差了很多，也许人家的铺子红火热闹，你的铺子却开不了张。

①In front of my house there are a few stalls run by street vendors.②Street vendors all know the popular saying: “Locations make a difference in business.”③That is to say, even if your stall stands side by side with someone else’s in the neighbourhood, your neighbour may attract a constant stream of shoppers, but yours, unfortunately, is visited by few.

（4）①大概是物以稀为贵罢。②北京的白菜运往浙江，便用红头绳系住菜根，倒挂在水果店头，尊为“胶菜”；福建野生着的芦荟，一到北京就进温室，且美其名曰“龙舌兰”。③我到仙台也颇受了这样的优待，不但不收学费，几个职员还为我的食宿操心。

No doubt the rarer a thing the higher the value. When Beijing Cabbage is shipped to Zhejiang, it is hung upside-down in the green grocer’s by a red string tied to the root, and given the grand title “Shandong Vegetable”. When the aloe which grows wild in Fujian comes to Beijing, it is ushered into a hothouse and given the beautiful name "Dragon Tongue Orchid". In Sendai I too enjoyed such preferential treatment; not only did the school not ask for fees, but several members of the staff even showed great concern over my board and lodging.

（1）记者问：“2008年奥运会点燃圣火的时候，您会在开幕式现场吗？”何振梁回答说：“只要我身体还行，我一定会去开幕式的。”

When the holy fire of the Olympic Games of 2008 is lit, will you be at the scene of the opening ceremony?" asked a reporter. "If my physical condition permits, I will definitely be there."

（2）子贡曰：“贫而无谄，富而无骄，何如？”子曰：“可也。未若贫而乐道，富而好礼者也。”

Tzu-kung said, "Poor without cadging, rich without swagger. What of that?" The Master said, "Not bad. But better still, 'Poor, yet delighting in the Way, rich, yet a student of ritual.'"

原文中的“我”是一个年幼天真、不谙世事的小姑娘。大人戏谑地问她为啥跟在姐姐身后拣麦穗时，她天真地答道要备嫁妆，嫁给那个挑担卖灶糖的老汉。于是就有了以上的问和答。

（4）余曰：“唐以诗取士，而诗之宗匠必推李杜。卿爱宗何人？”

芸发议曰：“杜诗锤炼精纯，李诗潇洒落拓；与其学杜之森严，不如学李之活泼。”

"Poetry was used," I said, "as a literary test in the imperial examinations of the T'ang Dynasty, and people acknowledge Li Po and Tu Fu as the master poets. Which of the two do you like better?"

"Tu's poems," she said, "are known for their workmanship and artistic refinement, while Li's poems are known for their freedom and naturalness of expression. I prefer the vivacity of Li Po to the severity of Tu Fu."

（5）①这个上帝不是别人，就是全中国的人民大众。②全国人民大众一齐起来和我们一道挖这两座山，有什么挖不平呢？

Our God is none other than the masses of the Chinese people. If they stand up and dig together with us, why can't these two mountains be cleared away?

（6）大抵世上无难为的事，只胡乱做将去，自有水到渠成日子。如子髯之才，天下事何不可为？

All in all, nothing in this world is that hard to do -- just charge ahead and do it! A day will inevitably come when "the ditch will be dug and the waters flow through." For a man with talent like yours, there is nothing in the world that is impossible.

（7）“把女儿当东西卖！”这句话是那样刺伤了她的心，又是那样地熟悉！是谁在女儿一样的年纪含着女儿一样的激情喊过？是谁？——唉唉！不是别人，正是她自己呀！……

Selling your daughter like some merchandise!" These words that had deeply wounded her were, nevertheless, familiar to her. Who was it who at around Huangmei's age, and wiht the same outraged vehemence had uttered those very words? Who was it? -- Who! None other than herself! ...

（1）母亲在盛饺子的时候，把这个大钱饺子盛在一个碗里，又偷偷把它拨在紧上边，然后把这碗饺子推到我面前：“①吃吧，②多吃，③趁热吃。”

When Mother scooped up the dumplings, she deliberately put the good-luck dumpling on top of the others in the bowl and pushed the bowl to me, saying, "Help yourself. Take as many as you like while they are hot."

（2）“我知道了。——瑜儿，可怜他们坑了你，他们将来总有报应，天都知道；①你闭了眼就是了。——你如果真在这里，听到我的话，——②便叫这乌鸦飞上你的坟顶，给我看罢。”

"I know," she continued. "They murdered you. But a day of reckoning will come, Heaven will see to it. ①Close your eyes in peace. ... If you are really here, and can hear me, ②make that crow fly on to your grave as a sign."

（3）奏国歌，请全体起立。

a. Now it's time for the National Anthem. Please all stand up.

b. Please rise for the National Anthem.

（4）二十日，晓钟初动，即闻江口唤渡声。余惊起，呼曹同济。曹曰：“勿急。宜饱食登舟。”

On the twentieth, as soon as the morning temple bell had struck, I already heard the ferry-man crying at the bank for passengers to come aboard. I got up in a hurry and asked Ts'ao to go together. "No hurry. We must eat something before going down to the boat," said Ts'ao.

（3）我更爱躺在洁净轻柔的细沙上，静听着海潮的倾诉；当微风轻轻地从我的身边掠过，那种清凉又轻松的感觉，真是舒适极了，甜美极了！

I'm even more inclined to lie on the clean and soft sandy beach and listen quietly to the sea unbosoming itself. How comfortable and refreshed I will be to feel the cool gentle sea breeze brushing past me!

（4）三月里刘熏宇君来信，说互生病了，而且是没有希望的病，医生说只好等日子了。四月底在《时事新报》上见到立达学校的通告，想不到这么快互生就殁了！

In March I heard from Mr. Liu Xunyu that Husheng was sick and hopelessly sick at that. The doctor said there was nothing he could do but to wait for the day to arrive. Toward the end of April, I came across an obituary issued by Lida School in the newspaper Current Affairs. How quickly the day had arrived!

（5）但我不能放歌，

悄悄是别离的笙箫；

夏虫也为我沉默，

沉默是今晚的康桥！

But I cannot sing aloud:

Quietness is my farewell music;

Even summer insects keep silence for me:

Silent is Cambridge tonight!

汉英翻译篇章练习

汉英翻译篇章练习 Practice 1 近读报纸，对国内名片和请柬的议论颇多，于是想起客居巴黎时经常见到的法国人手中的名片和请柬，随笔记下来，似乎不无借鉴之处。 在巴黎，名目繁多的酒会、冷餐会是广交朋友的好机会。在这种场合陌生人相识，如果是亚洲人，他们往往开口之前先毕恭毕敬地用双手把自己的名片呈递给对方，这好像是不可缺少的礼节。然而，法国人一般却都不大主动递送名片，双方见面寒喧几句甚至海阔天空地聊一番也就各自走开。只有当双方谈话投机，希望继续交往时，才会主动掏出名片。二话不说先递名片反倒有些勉强。 法国人的名片讲究朴素大方，印制精美，但很少有镶金边儿的，闪光多色的或带香味儿的，名片上的字体纤细秀丽，本人的名字也不过分突出，整张纸片上空白很大，毫无拥挤不堪的感觉。 Practice 2 我想,教师要给学生的,是一把开启知识宝库的钥匙,而不是把学生的脑子变成一个容器。教师的工作是启发学生,通过自己的思考、实践、试验去求得知识,鼓励他们大胆提出问题和不同意见。经过研讨,得出自己的结论,而不是由教师包办代替。 我喜欢那些爱提“怪”问题的学生。提不出问题的,不能算是好学生。 其实,学习就是一个不断出错误和改正错误的过程。年轻人要学,我们自 己也要学。一句话,教育是要使人从无知变成有知,从愚昧变成聪明,从野蛮 变成文明,而不是相反。 就说这流行音乐吧,我就不如年轻人懂得多。我有个习惯,自己不懂得东西，绝不轻易反对,而是努力去学懂它。 你看吧,大街上姑娘们大声谈笑,我行我素；小伙子也穿红戴绿。中国人胆子大起来了，不那么缩头缩脑了。你还能拿年轻人头发长短、裤脚大小来衡量谁是好学生谁是坏学生吗？ Practice 3 我所追求的幸福 在西方流传着一句据说是来自古老中国的谚语，只是我在中国从未听说

英译汉-文体翻译(1)新闻

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汉英翻译教程

汉英翻译教程

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英汉翻译基础教程练习问题详解总主编冯庆华

汉英翻译基础教程 第一章汉英词汇比较与翻译 (2) 第二章词法翻译的一般技巧 (4) 第三章名词的抽象和具体译法 (9) 第四章动词的翻译 (11) 第五章数词和冠词的翻译 (12) 第六章成语的英译 (13) 第七章修辞格的翻译 (17) 笫八章文化词语的翻译 (19) 第九章汉英句子比较与翻译 (20) 第十章换序和转态译法 (23) 笫十一章断句合句译法 (25) 笫十二章长句的翻译 (27) 第十四章汉英语篇比较与翻译 (29) 第十五章风格与翻译 (30) 第十六章语用与翻译 (32)

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第二章汉英句法、篇章对比

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英汉翻译教程试题

高等教育自学考试冲刺模拟试卷一 （英语专业） 英汉翻译教程（三） Part One I.Multiple Choice Questions （30 points, 2 points for each）A. Directions: This part consists of ten sentences, each followed by four different versions marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that is the closest equivalent to the original in terms of meaning and expressiveness. 1.For Britain our membership of the European Union and the World Trade Organization has brought this home. A.对英国来说，我们的欧盟成员和世界贸易组织成员身份把这带到了家。 B.对英国来说，我们参加欧盟和世界贸易组织把我们送到了家。 C.对我们英国来说，我们参加欧盟和世界贸易组织的经历使我们对这一点深有感触。 D.对我们英国来说，我们的欧盟成员和世界贸易组织成员身份使我们如鱼得水。 2.So now he contrived an eager, ingratiating smile, which he bestowed on Mr. Squires. A.因此他就装出急切的、迷人的笑，并投向史奎尔先生。 B.因此他就装出殷切的、拍马的笑，并把这笑赠予史奎尔先生。 C.因此他就对史奎尔先生装出一副殷勤、讨好的笑脸。 D.因此他就给史奎尔先生设计了一副殷勤、讨好的笑脸。 3. People disappear in that river every year, one of the policemen said to me that afternoon, half in dismay, half in frustration. A. 这条河里年年都有人消失，”当天下午警察中的一个以一种无可奈何的神气沮丧地对我说。 B. 这条河里年年都要死人，”当天下午一个警察半是沮丧，半是失意地对我说。 C. 这条河里年年都要死人，”当天下午一个警察以一种无可奈何的神气沮丧地对我说。 D. 年年都有人消失在这条河里，”当天下午警察中的一个半是沮丧，半是失意地对我说。 4. As recently as the early 1960s, the phrase environmental law ” would probably have produced little more than a puzzled look, even from many lawyers.

英译汉篇章翻译2

英译汉篇章翻译练习（2） Proverbs are the popular sayings that brighten so much Latin American talk, the boiled-down wisdom that you are as apt to hear from professors as from peasants, from beggars as from elegances. Brief and colorful, they more often than not carry a sting. When a neighbor?s dismally unattractive daughter announced her engagement, Imelda remarked, “You know what they say, Senora: …There?s no pot so ugly it can?t find a lid.?” And when her son-in-law blustered about how he was going to get even with the boss who had docked his pay, Imelda fixed him with a cold eye and said, “Little fish does not eat big fish.” One afternoon, I heard Imelda and her daughter arguing in the kitchen. Her daughter had quarreled with her husband?s parents, and Imelda was in sisting that she apologized to them. Her daughter objected. “But, Mama, I just can?t swallow them, not even with honey. They talk so big until we need something; then they?re too poor. So today when they wouldn?t even lend us enough to pay for a new bed, a ll I did was say something that I?ve heard you say a hundred times: …If so grand, why so poor? If so poor, why so grand?” “Impertinent!” snorted Imelda. “Have I not also taught you, …What the tongue says, the neck pays for?? I will not have it said that I could never teach my daughter proper respect for her elders. And before you go to beg their pardon, change those trousers for a dress. You know how your mother-in-law feels about pants on a woman. She always says, …What was hatched a hen must not try to be a rooster!” Her daughter made one more try. “But Mama, you often say, …If the saint is annoyed, don?t pray to him until he gets over it.? Can?t I leave it for tomorrow?” “No, no and no! Remember: …If the dose is nasty, swallow it fast.? You know, my child, you did wrong. But, …A gift is the key to open the door closed against you.? I have a cake in the oven that I was making for the Senora?s dinner, I will explain to the Senora. Now, dear, hurry home and make yourself pretty in your pink dress. By the time you get back, I will have the cake ready for you to take to your mother-in-law. She will be so pleased that she may make your father-in-law pay for the bed. Remember: …One hand washes the other, but together they wash the face.?”

(完整版)大学英语翻译全教程(完美版)练习与作业

翻译理论与实践课作业 天津科技大学外语学院 作业一：字词的翻译 一、词的理解 1.一词多义： wet She had a wet nurse for the infant Elliot. If you think I am for him, you are all wet. She wet her pants at the news. State state and revolution, state of the union the united states. 3.词义引申：抽象化、具体化 Every life has its roses and thorns. She stood there chewing over the strange thing. The engine sounds good. At 23, he had first learned what it is to be a Negro. 4.词的褒贬：comment Alice was excited as a child, delighted to be once more the center of the comment. But what a comment, she could not help reflecting, on her own charms. He walked around the room. He then stopped and looked around, “comment” ? 5.词的轻重：看词类、看场合、看句型、看习惯等等。Through；free He slept the night through. There is a through train to Beijing. Through this way, they finished the task. She is free with her money. I made her free of my library. 二、词义的表达 1.直译法 dark horse Hot dog Forbidden fruit 暴发户半边天红卫兵 2意译法 blue jacket the yellow leaf Wet blanket 炒鱿鱼下海白拿 3.直译意译结合法 the apple of one’s eye as dull as a goose Once in a blue moon as cool as a cucumber Black sheep as timid as a rabbit 4.音译法

《英汉翻译基础教程》 笔记及习题(篇章翻译)【圣才出品】

第7单元篇章翻译 7.1 复习笔记 语篇通常指一系列连续的语段或句子构成的语言整体。语篇包括“话语”（discourse）和“篇章”（text）。语篇特征为：连贯、衔接，且具有明确的论题结构。 一、衔接 根据Halliday和Hasan的著作《英语中的衔接》，衔接手段大致可分为两种：语法衔接手段（grammatical cohesion）和词汇衔接手段（lexical cohesion）。前者又可以包括指称（reference）、省略（ellipsis）、替代（substitution）和连词（conjunction）。 1. 指代 指代主要分为三类：人称指代、指示指代和比较指代。 英语中，为了实现衔接，一般尽量采用代词指代前面出现的名词。汉语倾向于重复前文出现的名词，或者采用“零式指称”，省略主语。例： My friend looked somewhat ill at ease when he told me this: At the time when he bought this big house, his children had all been at school. Now they had their own homes and jobs. 【译文】朋友有点不好意思地说，买这座房子时，孩子们还在上学，如今都成家立业了。 2. 省略

省略可以分为名词省略、动词省略和小句省略。例： I had many wonderful ideas, but I only put a few into practice. 【译文】我有很多美妙的想法，但是只把少数付诸实践了。 3. 替代 “替代”指用较简短的语言形式替代上文中的某些词语，使行文简练流畅。 （1）名词替代比较常见的是使用one代替前文出现的某个名词。例： Carrie picked out the new abode because of its newness and bright wood—work. It was one of the very new ones supplied with steam heat, which was a great advantage.（Sister Carrie, Dreiser, T） 【译文】嘉莉选中这套新居所，是因为它是新建的，而且房间的木质部分色泽鲜亮，屋里有暖气，这是当时最新的房子才有的。 【分析】原文中，ones替代了abode；译文中，“房子”与其前面的“居所”构成同义词。 （2）动词替代经常是用助动词do的几种形式来代替前文出现的某个动词或动作意义。例： And yet this John Openshaw seems to me to be walking amid even greater perils than did the Sholtos. 【译文】可是在我看来，这个约翰·奥彭肖似乎是正在面临着比舒尔托更大的危险。 【分析】原文中，did替代了walked amid peril；译文中，该处同样进行了省略处理。 （3）小句替代使用指示代词指代前文出现的某一小句或者某一概念。例： “Well, I’ve got twenty-two dollars, but there’s everything to be paid for this

《翻译英译汉》word版

翻译——英译汉 英译汉部分要求翻译单句, 而不是段落或篇章。考生首先要读懂句子,了解句子的语法结构、使用的固定词组、习惯用法及词与词之间的语义关系, 然后, 再正确分析原文的语言现象和逻辑关系,进行透彻的理解, 最后, 力图用简洁明了的汉语表达出原文的意思。因此, 考生有必要掌握一些基本的翻译技巧。 一、翻译技巧一 一般的英译汉考题不会只是简单句。我们在做题时, 首先要从语法入手, 找寻和确定句子大的框架结构, 通过分析把句中的从句和插入部分先排除掉, 明确句子结构有助于我们正确理解整句话的意思。 (一)重点分析句子结构 其实, 就英语的句子结构而言, 是有规律可循的。除去省略句、倒装句、感叹句和 一些特殊句子外, 英语句子的结构可归纳为三类: 1. to be句型: 主语 + be + 表语 Miss Jones is a manager. 琼斯小姐是位经理。 2. to do句型: 主语 + do + (宾语) + (状语) He teaches English in this school. 他在这所学校教英语。 3. there be句型: There be + 主语 + 状语 There are beautiful wildflowers in the hills. 山中有美丽的野花。 (二)确定语法现象和惯用结构 英译汉考题中常见的重点语法有: 时态、语态、主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、 同位语从句、定语从句、状语从句、动词不定式、动名词、分词、虚拟语气、倒装句、强调句等。考生要非常熟悉这些语法现象, 才不至于对句子产生误解。例如: ?Anyone who is interested in it can go with us. 对这事感兴趣的人可以跟我们去。(who引导定语从句修饰主语anyone) ?The problem discussed at yesterday’s meeting is very important. 昨天会上讨论过的那个问题非常重要。(过去分词短语作后置定语修饰主语the problem) ?You could have done better if you had been more careful. 要是细心一点的话，你就会做得更好。(if 引导虚拟语气的条件状语从句) ?Hardly had I said that when she entered the room. 我刚说完，她就进来了。(倒装句, 否定词hardly位于句首, 助动词had 放在主语I之前 ) ?It was not until last night that I noticed this matter. 直到昨晚我才注意到这件事。(强调句: It was not until+强调成分+that句子其 余成分)

英汉互译教程要略

英汉互译教程总复习 1．Joint military exercises have increased in the region, to the detriment of trust between countries. 联合军事演习在本地区有增无减，不利于国家间建立信任。 2．This old man gets up and goes to bed with the sun everyday. 这位老翁每天黎明即起，日落而息。 3．A nearby object falling into a black hole is never heard of again. 附近的天体一旦落入黑洞，就会销声匿迹。 4．我们应该抢时间赶任务。 We should work against the clock. 5.These hospital expenses made inroads on my savings. 这些住院费耗掉了我大部分积蓄。 6．They killed a bottle of Kaoliang between them. 他们二人对酌，把一瓶高粱酒喝得一干二净。 7．When it came to reading, they were as good as blind. 一拿起书本，他们可都成了睁眼瞎了。 8．Blood is thicker than water. 血浓于水。 9．人们笑贫不笑娼。 People ridicule poverty but not prostitutes. 10. Last night I heard him driving his pigs to market. 昨夜我听见他鼾声如雷。 11．They ran away as fast as their legs could carry them. 他们拼着命地逃跑。 12．People were born survivors. 人的生存能力是与生俱来的。 13．这个环境工程是个“民心工程”。 The environment-friendly project is a “popularity-winning” project. 14. 语言这东西不是随便可以学好的，非下苦功夫不可。 The mastery of a language is not easy and requires painstaking effort. 15. 会议开得冷冷清清，有时甚至开不下去了。 The meetings were marked by such absence of living discussions that at times they were almost on the point of breaking up. 16. They pay lip-service to education but don’t work for better schools. 他们口惠而实不至，口口声声支持教育，却又不肯为改善学校条件做一些实际工作。 17．Unemployment has stubbornly refused to contract for more than a decade. 失业人数高居不下，已经十多个年头了。 18．有些厕所似乎仍是这次卫生大扫除活动的死角。 Some toilets seem immune to the clean-up campaign. 19. 这个摊贩叫卖道：“快来买呀，过了这村可没这个店啦。” The street peddler hawked, “Now or never!” 20. Why carry coals to Newcastle? 何必多此一举？ 21．You’re just teaching your grandmother how to suck eggs. 你这是在班门弄斧。 22．His being neglected by the host added to his uneasiness. 主人对他的冷淡使他更加不自在。 23．I could have laughed to hear him talk like this.

汉英翻译基础教程期末考试总结

第三章名词的抽象和具体译法第一节名词的抽象译法(p68) 粗枝大叶to be crude and careless (with big branches and large leaves) 海阔天空to talk with random( with a vast sea and boundless sky) 灯红酒绿dissipated and luxurious (with red lights and green wine) 纸醉金迷of life of luxury and dissipation (with drunken paper and bewitched gold) 单枪匹马to be single-handed in doing sth (with a solitary spear and a single horse) 赤胆忠心ardent loyalty (with red gut and heart) 无孔不入to take advantage of every weakness (to get into every hole) 扬眉吐气to feel proud and elated (to raise the eyebrows and let out a breath) 开门见山to come straight to the point (to open the door and see the mountain) 大张旗鼓on a large and spectacular scale (to make a great array of flags and drums) 风雨飘摇(of a situation) being unstable (the wind and rain are rocking) 二．翻译下列句子 （1）这是他们夫妻之间的事情，你去插一脚干吗？ That’s a business of their own, between husband and wife. Why should you get involved in? （2）别人家里鸡零狗碎的事情你都知道得这么全，真是个顺风耳啊！ You know all the bits and pieces of trifles of other families. You are really well informed. （3）这消息让我出了一身冷汗。 I’m extremely terrified by the news. （4）她毛遂自荐来这所小学做老师。 She volunteered for the teaching post in this primary school. （5）我不敢班门弄斧，诚望您发表高见。 I dare not show off in the presence of（在……面前）an expert. I hope you would be kind enough to enlighten（启发，启蒙）us on this matter. （6）敌军闹得全村鸡犬不宁。 The enemy troops threw the whole village into great disorder. （7）敌军军官听说后路已被切断，吓得目瞪口呆。 The enemy officer was stunned by the news that the route of retreat had been cut off. （8）这些问题盘根错节，三言两语说不清楚。 These problems are too complicated to be explained clearly in a few words.

汉英翻译基础教程 第1章 练习参考答案

第一章汉英词汇比较与翻译 第一节翻译中的选义 一、结合语境选择较贴切的译文 1. b 2. a 3. b 4. a 二、译出下列词语，注意词语的不同搭配 1． a swarm of bees a brood of chickens a litter of pups 2. a bevy of beautiful ladies a pack of hounds a team of ducks a herd of antelopes 3. unfailing support proactive fiscal policy make effective use of overseas resources 4. make a phone call take a taxi knit a woolen sweater fetch water play basketball spray insecticide 5. basic wage capital construction essential commodity primary industry fundamental interest 三、翻译下列句子，注意画线词语的理解 1. The two leaders exchanged views on bilateral relations and issues of common concern 2. Party members should listen carefully to the opinions of the general public. 3. They offered some suggestions for the revision of the plan. 4. Everyone complained against such a practice. 5. They had a dispute at the meeting. 6. You should follow the doctor's advice. 7. They reached a consensus on this issue. 8. There is still some unfinished business to settle. 9. We have consulted him about the matter. 10. Please go back. There is nothing of your concern now 第二节翻译中的选词 一、翻译下列各句，注意词的选择和搭配。 1. That depends upon circumstances. 2. This state of affairs must be changed. 3. How do matters stand with them?

英汉翻译教程张培基【完整版】

《英汉翻译教程》 第一章总论 翻译是运用一种语言把另一种语言所表达的思维内容准确完整地重新表达出来的语言活动。 （张培基等1983） 我国早期典籍《周礼·秋官司寇》篇里就有―象胥‖（谓通言语之官）这一名目，唐朝贾公彦所作的《义疏》里提到―译即易，谓换易言语使相解也。‖这条注疏，关于翻译的定义，足以给人不少启发。用现代文艺理论和语言理论，也许可以诠释为：翻译是把一种语言文字换易成另一种语言文字，而并不变更所蕴含的意义，——或用近年流行的术语说，并不变更所传递的信息，——以达到彼此沟通，互相了解的目的。 （罗新璋1984） 一、关于翻译 何谓翻译？关于翻译的定义很多。根据《现代汉语词典》，翻译是―把一种语言文字的意义用另一种语言文字表达出来‖。根据《剑桥语言百科全书》，―翻译‖这个中性术语是指将一种语言（―原语‖）里的词句的意思转变为另一种语言（―目的语‖）的意思所做的一切，不论其手段是说话、写字还是做手势。美国著名翻译理论家奈达认为，所谓翻译，是指从语义到语体在译语中用最切近而又最自然的对等语再现原语的信息。（《奈达论翻译》，1984）有人把翻译看作是一门科学（science），因为它有自身的规律可循；有人看作是一门艺术（art），因为它是译者对原文再创造的过程；也有人看作是一门手艺（craft），因为原语的信息需要用地道恰当的目的语再现。在自动化数据处理中，翻译又被定义为：―将计算机信息从一种语言转换成另一种语言，或将字符从一种表示转换成另一种表示。‖（《现代科学技术词典》上海科学技术出版社1980）凡此种种，不一而足。但是，在经济和文化日益全球化的今天，翻译的重要性是有目共睹的。 翻译是国际间理解的钥匙，据说西欧的文明归功于翻译者（据L·G·凯里1979）。季羡林教授也说，翻译是永葆中华文明青春的万应灵药。前中国驻联合国代表凌青先生说，从中国来讲，没有翻译工作，就没有中国***和中国近代的革命运动，就没有中国成功的对外开放和四个现代化；从世界范围来讲，没有翻译，就没有世界和平，就没有各种国际交往，就没有一个共同繁荣的美好世界的未来。中国加入WTO后，翻译的重要作用就更是不可忽视。经济竞争是在交际中进行，而没有翻译在场，交际就很难进行，交际不成，生意就做不成。因此，翻译的作用，再怎么强调也不过分。 关于翻译的种类可以从下面几个角度来划分： （１）从原语和目的语的角度来看，翻译可分为本族语译为外语，外语译为本族语两大类。 （２）从翻译的手段来看，可分为口译、笔译、手势翻译和机器翻译。