专业英语词汇翻译

A spherical system of coordinates

球面坐标系统

Absolute scale绝对温标

Absolute temperature 绝对温度Absolute zero 绝对零度

Acute angle锐角

Adiabatic process绝热过程

Adjacent临近的

Amount of heat 热量

Amplitude振幅

Analytical expression解

Angular momentum角动量

Angular velocity角速度

Annihilate消灭

Appreciable可感知的

Approximate solution近似解

Arbitrarily任意的变换莫测的

Assume that 假设

At constant pressure定压比热

At rest静止的

Axial symmetry轴对称

Axis of rotation旋转轴

Be independent of 独立的

Be proportional to 与……成比例

Bend使弯曲的

Capacitor电容器

Center of mass质心

Centripetal force向心力

Cgs 厘米-克-秒(Centimeter-Gram-Second) Change in jumps 跳跃的变化

Chaotic无序的

Charge by conduct 负责的行为

Charge by induction 感应电荷Circulation motion圆周运动

Classical mechanics经典力学Coefficient系数

Coherent连贯的

Combustion engine内燃机Comparison 参照物

Compensate 补偿，抵消

Conductor导体

Consecutive 连贯的

Consequently结果，因此Conservation保存保护Considerable 相当大的

Constant常量

Constructive interference 干涉Coordinate system坐标系Coulomb’s law库伦定律

Counter-phase相位差

Cross-sectional 分类排列

Curl卷曲，

Curvilinear motion曲线运动Cyclic process循环过程Decrement衰减率

Denominator分母

Density密度

Derivative倒数

Destructive interference破坏性干扰Developing发展中

Deviation from脱离逸出Diatomic双原子的

Difference差异

Diffraction衍射

Dimension 维

Discrete value离散值Displacement位移

Distance 距离疏远

Distribution function分布函数Divergence 分歧

Dynamics动力学

Elastic collision弹性碰撞

Electric dipole弹性偶极子Electric field 弹性场

Electric potential 弹性势

Electric potential energy弹性势能Electrically polarized电极化的Electrodynamics电动力学Electromagnetic电磁的

Electron电子

Electrostatic静电的

Elementary mass元素的质量Embodiment体现具体化Emulsion感光乳剂

Energy能量精力

Energy level 能级

Entropy 熵

Equilibrium均衡

Equipartition principle均分原理

Ether乙醚

Exposure暴露

External force外力

Factor因素

First law of thermodynamics热力学第一定律Focal plane焦平面

Fraunhofer diffraction夫琅和费衍射

Free fall自由落体

Friction摩擦力

Gamma photon伽马射线

General theory relativity广义相对论Geometrical几何的

Gradient梯度

Gravity重力，地心引力

Grow proportionally to 正比增长Harmonic function调和函数

Harmonic oscillator谐波发射器

Heat 高温热度

Heat capacity 热熔

Heat engine热机

Heat transfer热传递

Hence因此

Histogram直方图

Hologram 全息图

Holography 全系摄影

Homogeneous(反应堆)燃烧和减速剂均匀调和的

Huygens’ Principle 惠更斯原理Hypothetical medium 假设介质

Ideal gass理想气体

Identical 同一的，完全相同的

Illuminate说明

Impart 给予

Impulse脉冲

Inalienable不可分割的

Incident light入射光

Inclination倾向爱好,斜角倾角Incoherent语无伦次的

Increase增加

Increment增量

Inertia惯性

Inertial reference frame惯性参考系Infrared radiation 红外线照射Initial moment 初力矩Instantaneous瞬间的

Insulator 绝缘体

Integral 完整的

Interference 干涉

Internal energy 内能

Internal force内力

Intra-molecular energy 分子内能Isotropic 单折射性，各向同性Kinematics运动学

Law of cosine law余弦定理

Length contraction长度收缩Macroscopic宏观的

Mass质量

Mass-energy conversion质能转换定理Mean distance 平均距离Mechanical equivalent of heat热功当量Mechanics力学

Molar heat gas capacity 摩尔热能Molecular physics分子物理学Momentum势能

Monatomic单原子的Monochromatic light单色光

Motion动作

Multiply多样的，乘

Neutron中子

Newton’s first law牛顿第一定律

Non-equilibrium state非平衡态Normal acceleration法向加速度Normal to 垂直于

Nuclei原子核

Nucleon 核子

Numerator 分子

Object beam 物体光束

Obtuse angle钝角

Operator话务员

Overlap 重叠

Polarization两极化

Parallel axis theorem平行轴的定理Parallel beams平行光束

Parallel rays平行光

Parallelogram method平行四边形法则Parameter of state状态参数Perfectly rigid body 完全刚体

Perpendicular垂直的

Phase difference相位差

Phenomena现象

Piston活塞

Point charge点电荷

Point particle质点

Power功率

Preference优先权

Principle of relativity相对论

Probability可能性

Probability distribution function概率分布函数

Projection 投射

Propagate传播繁殖

Proton质子

Pseudoscopic幻视镜

Quantitative conclusion定量的结论

Quasi-static 准静态的

Radian弧度

Radius半径

Rarefaction稀薄的

Real image实像

Rectilinear motion 直线运动Redistribution重新分配

Reference frame参考系

Reference wave参考波

Relative atomic mass of an element元素的相对原子质量

Relative molecular mass of substance物质相对分子质量

Relaxation process弛豫过程

Relaxation time 弛豫时间

Reversible process可逆过程

Rotational inertia转动惯量

Scalar标量

Scalar field标量场

Semiconductor半导体

Semitransparent 半透明的

Solid angle立体角

Spatial coherence 空间相干性

Special theory of relativity狭义相对论Specific heat capacity 比热容

Speed 速度速率

Stationary 固定的Subscript下标

Superpose 重叠的

Superposition叠加

Symmetry对称的

Temperature温度

Temporal coherence 时间相干性

Terminal velocity末速度

Test charge监测电荷

The difference on optical path 光路的区别The equation of state of an ideal gass理想盖斯方程

The magnitude of a vector向量的大小

The number of degree of freedom自由度数量

The reciprocal of 倒数

The refractive index折射率

The right-hand screw rule右手螺旋定则The second derivative of 二阶导数

The tangential acceleration切向加速度Thermodynamic temperature scale热力学温标

Three dimensional三维的

Time averaged value时间平均价值

Time dilation时间扩张

Timepiece计时器

Torque力矩

Torsion balance扭秤

Trajectory轨迹

Translation motion平移运动

Triatomic三原子的

Tuning fork音叉

Twin paradox孪生子谬论

Ultraviolet light紫外线

Undeformable body

Uniform circular motion匀速圆周运动

Unit time单位时间

Vector field 矢量场

Vectors矢量

Velocity 速率

Virtual image虚像

Wave length 波长

Wave number波数

Weight重量

1, For a stationary field, the work done on a particle by the forces of the field may depend on the initial and final position of the particle and not depend on the path along which the particle moved. Forces having such a property are called conservative.

对于一个固定的场，由场力作用在粒子上的功可能依赖于粒子的初始位置和末位置，而不依赖于粒子移动的路径.。具有这种性质的力称为保守力。

2, A combination of bodies that are stationary relative to one another with respect to which motion is being considered an a timepiece indicating the time forms a reference frame.

由运动上相对静止的物体所组成的复合体，外加显示时间的仪器，一起构成了参考系统。

3, The concepts of an equilibrium, state and a reversible process play a great part in thermodynamics. All the quantitative conclusions of thermodynamics are strictly applicable(适用) only to equilibrium states and reversible processes.

可逆过程和平衡过程是热力学里重要的部分，所有的热力学定量结论都严格适用于平衡态和可逆过程。

4, If a gas is in equilibrium, its molecules move absolutely without order, chaotically. All the directions of motion are equally probable, and none of them can be given preference over others.

如果气体处于平衡态，那么气体分子运动就没有规律，无序的，分子朝各个方向上的运动的概率相等，没有比其他的更具有优势。

5, Huygens’ principle: The theory by which light waves spreading out from a point source can be regarded as the superposition of tiny secondary wavelets.

惠更斯原理：点光源发出的光可以看成是次级微小光波的叠加。

6, If we imagine a separate isolated body in a space where no other bodies are present, then we can not speak of the motion of the body because there is nothing with respect to which the body could change its position.

如果我们假设一个物体所处的空间中没有其他物体，我们不能说明这个物体的运动形式，因为我们没有可以观测这个物体位置改变的参考物。

7, A combination of bodies that are stationary relative to one another with respect to which motion is being considered and a timepiece indicate the time forms a reference frame.

同2

8, Translational motion is defined as motion in which any straight line associated with the moving body remains parallel to itself .

平动可以定义为平动的物体上两点的连线在运动过程中保持平行。

9, Dynamics studies the motion of bodies with a view to what causes this motion to have the nature it does, i.e. with a view to the interactions between bodies.

动力学研究的是物体运动的原因，即物体之间的相互作用。

10, Vectors are defined as quantities characterized by a numerical value and a

direction and, also, as ones that are added according to the triangle or parallelogram method.

矢量具有大小和方向，而且还可以用矢量三角形和平行四边形法则合成。

11, We shall define internal forces as the forces with which given body is acted upon by the other bodies of the system and external forces as those produced by the action of bodies not belong to the system.

我们可以定义内力是由系统中其他物体产生的，外力是不属于系统的物体产生并导致物体运动的原因。

12, For a conservative force, the work done on a particle by the force may depend only on the initial and final positions of the particle and not on the path along which the particle moved,.

对于一个保守的力，力作用在粒子上的工作可能只依赖于粒子的初始位置和最终位置，而不依赖于粒子移动的路径.，

13, Conservative forces can be defined in two ways:(1)as forces whose work does not depend on the path along which a particle passes from one point to the another, and(2) as forces whose work along any closed path equals zero.

保守力具有两种性质：（1）保守力所做的功只与位置有关，与路径无关，（2）闭合路径的功为零。

14, We can thus use the function to determine the work done on a particle by conservative forces along any path

beginning at arbitrary point 1 and terminating at arbitrary point 2 .

我们可以用ep表示保守力对质点从任意点1到任意点2所做的功。

15, Assuming that the reference frame relative to which we are considering the complex motion of a rigid body is stationary, the motion of the body can be represented as rotation with the angular velocity in a reference frame moving translationally with the velocity relative to the stationary frame.

假设参考系相对我们要研究的刚体是静止的，那么物体的运动可以看成是以w为角速度的转动和以v为速度的平动。

16, All the quantitative conclusions of the thermodynamics are strictly applicable only to equilibrium states and reversible processes.

热力学中所有的定量结论都严格遵守平衡态和可逆过程。

17, The absolute temperature is proportional to the mean kinetic energy of translational motion of the molecules of a substance.

绝对温度与物质的平均平动动能成正比。18, The heat capacity of a body is defined as the quantity equal to the amount of heat that must be imparted to the body to raise its temperature by one Kelvin.

物体的热容为物体升高每开尔文所需要的热量。

19, Temperature: A measure of the average kinetic energy per molecule in a substance, measure in degrees Celsius or Fahrenheit

or in Kelvin..

温度：分子平均动能的量度，单位为摄氏度，华氏度和开尔文。

20, Absolute zero: the lowest possible temperature that a substance may have- the temperature at which molecules of a substance have their minimum kinetic energy.

绝对零度：物体温度最低的可能值，此时，分子具有最小动能。

21, Multiplication theorem of probabilities: the probability of the simultaneous occurrence of statistically independent events equals the product of the probabilities of each of them occurring separately.

概率相乘定理：独立事件同时发生的概率等于每个事件单独发生概率的乘积。22, Entropy: a measure of the disorder of a system. Whenever energy freely transforms from one form to the another, the direction of transformation is toward a state of greater disorder and therefore toward one of greater entropy.

熵：系统的无序程度，能量总是向熵增加的方向进行转化。

23, By coherence is meant the coordinated proceeding of several oscillatory or wave processes.

相干性是振荡和波动过程的协调性。24, The superposition of waves producing regions of reinforcement and regions of cancellation. Constructive interference refers to regions of reinforcement;

destructive interference refers to regions of cancellation.

光的叠加形成了加强区和减弱区，干涉相长形成加强区，干涉相消形成减弱区。25, There is no appreciable physical difference between interference and diffraction.

Both phenomena consist in the redistribution of the light flux as a result of superposition of the waves.

干涉和衍射没有明显的区别，两者都包含光通量的重新分配和两者都是光的叠加引起的。

26, Like charges repel each other, unlike charges attract each other.

同种电荷相互排斥，异种电荷相互吸引。27,The arrangement of the charges setting up the field being studied may change under the action of the test charge.

电荷形成的场会随检验电荷的移动而改变。

28.The Second law of thermodynamics: Heat

will never spontaneously flow from a cold object to a hot object. Also, no machine can be completely efficient in converting energy to work; some input energy is dissipated as heat. And finally, all systems tend to become more and more disordered as time goes by.

热力学第二定律：热不会自发的从冷的物体流动到热的物体，此外，没有任何机器能够在能量转换工作上是完全有效的，一些输入的能量作为热量耗散，最后，所有的系统往往会随时间的推移变得越来越混乱。

29.The special theory of relativity is based on

two postulate(1)The Principle of Relativity.

All the laws of physics are the same for all observers moving at a constant velocity with respect to one another. (2)The speed of light in free space is the same ()for all observers regardless of the motion of the source of the motion of the observer.

狭义相对论是建立在两个假定（1）相对论的基础上的.。所有的物理定律都是相同的所有观察员以恒定的速度彼此移动。（2）在自由空间中，不论观测者的运动来源如何，自由空间中的光的速度都是相同的。

30.Conservative forces can be defined in two ways:(1)as forces whose work does not depend on the path along which a particle passes from one point to the another, and(2) as forces whose work along any closed path equals zero.

同13

科技英语翻译专业词汇-材料

Materials Science and Engineering arc welding 电弧焊 calcinations 煅烧 casting 熔铸 ceramic 陶瓷 chemical properties 化学性能 cold brittleness 低温脆性 colour liquid crystals 彩色液晶 congruent compound 合熔化合物 constant-deformation tests 定变形试验 Creep Strength 潜变强度 crystal pattern 晶体结构 data quartz fiber 数据石英光纤 die casting 拉模铸造 drawing & stamping 延轧 Dynamics of Forging System 锻压系统动力学 Edge Finish 边缘处理 Engineering Materials 工程材料 nano-material 纳米材料 ceramic 陶瓷 polymer 集合物 composite material 复合材料 biomaterial 生物材料semiconductor 半导体 conductor 导体 insulator 绝缘体 synthetic fabrics 合成纤维microstructures 显微结构 periodic table 周期表 Equipment for Heating Processing 热处理设备 Fatigue Test 疲劳测试 Features of Metal 金属的特性 Ferrous & Non Ferrous Metal 铁及非铁金属 forging 锻造 foundry 铸造 High Polymer Material & Processing 高分子材料及加工Impact Test 冲击测试 Intermetallic compound 金属间化物 Ionic Solids 离子晶体 Magnetic Transformation 磁性变态 Mechanic Testing of Engineering Materials 工程材料力学性能的测定Mechanical Property of Metal 金属机械性能 Metal Cutting Machine Tool 金属切削工具 Metal Erosion & Protection 金属腐蚀及防护 Metal Material Science 金属材料学 Metallic Solids 金属晶体Metallographic Techniques 金相技术Metallography 金属学 Metallography & Heat Treatment 金属学与热处理

英语词汇学课本与译文

Introduction 绪论 0.1 The nature and Domain of English lexicology 英语词汇学的定义及研究范围 Lexicology is a branch of linguistics, inquiring into the origins and meanings of words. 词汇学是语言学的一个分支，研究词汇的起源和意义。 English lexicology aims at investigating and studying the morphological structures of English words and word equivalents, their semantic structures, relations, historical development, formation and usages. 英语词汇学研究英语词汇的形态结构、词的对应及其语义结构、词义关系、词的历史演变、词的构成及词的用法等。 English lexicology is a theoretically-oriented course. 英语词汇学是一门理论性课程。 It is chiefly concerned with the basic theories of words in general and of English words in particular. 该课程主要论述词汇学的基本理论，特别是英语词汇的理论知识。 However, it is a practical course as well, for in the discussion, we shall inevitably deal with copious stocks of words and idioms, and study a great many usage examples. 但是，英语词汇学也是一门实践性课程，在该书的论述中，我们将遇到大量的词汇和习语，学习大量词汇用法实例。 Naturally, there will be a large quantity of practice involved. 当然，同时还要接触到大量的词汇练习。 0.2 Its Relation to Other Disciplines 英语词汇学与其它学科的关系 English lexicology itself is a subbranch of linguistics. 英语词汇学是语言学的一个分支。 But it embraces other academic disciplines, such as morphology, semantics, etymology, stylistics, lexicography. 但它却与其他学科相关，如形态学、语义学、词源学、文体学和词典学等。 Each of them has been established as a discipline in its own right. 而这些学科都各成一门学科。 Morphology is the branch of grammar which studies the structure or forms of words, primarily through the use of morpheme construct. 形态学是语法学的一个分支，主要通过运用词素（形位）结构研究词的结构或形式。 This is one of the major concerns of lexicology, for we shall discuss the inflections of words and word-formation and examine how morphemes are combined to form words and words to form sentences. 这是词汇学研究的主要内容之一，因为研究词汇就必需讨论的屈折变化和构词法，考察词素如何构成词、词如何构成句子。 Etymology is traditionally used for the study of the origins and history of the form and meaning of words. 词源学研究词的形式和意义的起源及其历史变化。 Modern English is derived from the languages of early Germanic tribes with a fairly small vocabulary. 现代英语源于词汇量颇小的古日尔曼语。 We shall study how this small vocabulary has grown into a huge modern English vocabulary and explain the changes that have taken place in the forms and meanings of words. 我们将研究这门词汇量很小的语言是如何发展成为词汇量庞大的现代英语，并解释英语词汇的形式和意义是如何变化的。 Stylistics is the study of style. 文体学研究文体。 It is concerned with the user’s choices of linguistic elements in a particular context for special effects. 主要对语用者在特定语境中如何选择语言要素（即如何选择用词、句型等）以达到特定的表达效果进行观察研究。 Among the areas of study: lexis, phonology, syntax, graphology, we shall concentrate on lexis, exploring the stylistic values of words. 在文体学所研究的词汇、音系学、句法学和书写法范围中，我们主要研究词汇，探讨词汇的文体价值。Lexicography shares with lexicology the same problems: the form, meaning, origins and usages of words, but they have a pragmatic difference. 词典学和词汇学探讨同样的问题：词汇的形式、意义、词汇的起源及用法，但两者在语用上还有差异。 A lexicographer’s task is to record the language as it is used so as to present the genuine picture of words to the reader, providing authoritative reference, whereas the student of lexicology is to acquire the knowledge and information of lexis so as to increase their lexical awareness and capacity of language use. 词典学家的任务是实录词汇的用法并把词汇用法的真实情形呈现给读者，为其提供权威性的参考；而词汇学家则是研究词汇的知识和信息，以增强读者对词汇的了解和语言的使用能力。 Though English lexicology has a wide coverage of academic areas, our task is definite and consistent. 英语词汇学的研究范围很大，但我们的任务是明确而系统的。 That is to study English words in different aspects and from different angles. 即从不同角度研究英语词汇的各个方面。0.3 Method of Study 英语词汇学的研究方法 There are generally two approaches to the study of words, namely synchronic and diachronic. 一般来说，词汇研究有两种

【免费下载】大学英语的词汇和短语翻译

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