英语语法讲义

英语语法讲义

词法

第一讲：名词，

Part One: 名词

考点：名词的数，名词的所有格，名词作定语，名词与冠词。

I. 名词的分类：

1.专有名词：

2.普通名词：

可数：

不可数：

II.永远不可数的名词：

advice fun information chocolate knowledge progress luggage/baggage furniture

III.即可数又不可数的名词:

room word experience shock danger success failure work difficulty honour surprise pleasure equipment

IV. 加s不加s意思不一样

sand manner work wood time drinks arm glass regard

V.特殊的复数

1. 以f结尾：belief cliff roof gulf serf chief handkerchief proof

2 .以o结尾：photo piano kilo radio zoo

3. 只有复数：cattle people clothes police

4.集体名词：class government team army committee group company family

5.单复数同型：sheep deer aircraft spacecraft means species series

6.有关man和woman: a woman teacher ---two women teachers ,a man cook—two men cooks

7.主干词加s: brother-in-law comrade-in-arm story-teller looker-on passer-by

8.无主干词在最后加：grown-up go-between forget-me-not

VI.名词的格：

1.‘s所有格的用法:

2.国家，城市的所有格：

3.时间，距离的所有格：

4. else 的所有格：

5.of 的所有格用法：

6.名词做定语：

VII.过关测试：

1.It is bad _______to speak with your month full of food.

A.manner B way C .manners D. thing

2.I can‘t say which is better---it‘s a(n)___________of personal taste.

A. affair

B. event

C. matter

D. variety

3.To make members of a team perform better, the trainer first of all has to know their

_______and weakness .

A. strengths

B. benefits

C. techniques

D. values

4.I keep medicines on the top shelf, out of the children‘s________.

A. reach

B. hand

C. hold

D. place P1.

5.Always read the _______carefully on the bottle and take the right amount of medicine.

A. explanations

B. instructions

C. descriptions

D. introductions

6._________came ______the president himself would inspect our school next week.

A. Word//that

B. Word/which

C. A word /that

D. Word ,what

7.How far is it ? It is ________from here.

A. a twenty minute‘s walk

B. a twenty-minutes walk

C. a twenty minutes‘walk D .twenty

minutes walk

8He is a man of ________and he has lot of interesting ________in his life..

A.much experience /experiences

B. much experience /experience

B.many experience /experience D. many experiences/ experience

9 .China has __________of more than 1.2 billion. A. much population B. the population

C. a little population

D. a large population of

10. Classification is a useful _________to the organization0f knowledge in any field .

A. manner

B. means

C. way

D. approach

11. Schoolmaster is offering a ________to whoever can give some information about the

problem. .A. money B. reward C. prize D. promise

12..He read the passage again and again but fail to make _________of it .

A. meaning

B. understanding

C. view

D. sense

13.No one is allowed to have the ________to use the office computer to plays games.

A. power

B. privilege

C. ability

D. right

14.The meeting was _______.Most people were for our plan.

A. succeed

B. successfully

C. success

D. a success

15.He gained his _______by printing _______of famous writers.

A. wealth/work

B. wealth /works C wealths /work D. wealth / works

答案：1—5 ＣＣBＡＢ6---10.ACADD 11—15. BDBDD

名词及主谓一致

Part one.

1.You will find this map of _______________in helping you to get round the city.

A. source

B. sense

C. favour

D. value.

2.Do you have any ___________of what life would be like if we lived on other planets.

B. plan . B. idea

C. impression.

D. imagination.

3.Always read the ______________on the bottle carefully and take the right amount of

medicine.

C. explanations B. instructions C. descriptions.

D.instructions.

4.The ____________on his face told me that he was angry .

D. impression B. sight C. appearance. D. expression

5.At the meeting they discussed three different ____________to the study of mathematics.

E. approaches B. means C. methods D. ways.

6.School children must be taught how to with dangerous __________.

F. states B. conditions. C. situations D .positions.

7.You are always full of _______________.Can you tell me the secret?

---Taking plenty of exercise every day .

G. power B. strength C. force D. energy

8.One thousand dollars a month is not a fortune but would help cover my

living_____________.

H. bills B. expenses C. prices D. charges

9.H and his wife are of the same _____________:they both want their son to go to

college .

I. soul B. spirit C. heart D. mind .

10.I can‘t say which wine is better ?It is a(n)____________of personal taste.

J. affair B. event C. matter D. variety.

11.The ____________shoes were covered with mud ,so I asked them to take them

off before they got into _______________.car.

K. girl‘s/Tom‘s Ｂgirls‘/Toms‘ C. girls ‘/Tom‘s Dgirls‘s /Toms‘

12.James took the magazine off the little table to make _____________for the

television.

L. room B. area C. field D. position.

13.All the ________have three _______each.

M. hero, photo B .heros, photos C . heroes , photos D.heroes ,photos.

14.Genenrally speaking ,the __________wages should be 10 percent higher than the ________>

N. teachers‘/officials‘ B.teachers‘/that of officials.C.teacher‘s/official‘s D.teachers?officials.

15.I don‘t like him to know that I don‘t want to be with him.,but he never gets the ________.

O. message B. news C. information D. word.

Part Two :

1.---Henry has been teaching English in Beijing University for many years.

---It‘s no ___________he can speak Chinese so well‘

A.matter

B. doubt

C. problem

D. wonder

2.___________is not a long way to walk .

A.Three miles‘distance

B. Three miles distance

C.Three-mile-distance

D.Three-miles distance

3.I am serious .Don‘t regard it as a ___________.

A. pleasure

B. joke

C. fool

D. fun.

4.Before we moved into the new house ,we bought many ________.

A. furniture

B. furnitures

C. pieces of furniture

D. furniture pieces.

5 .What __________it is to jump into the water to swim in the hot weather .

A. a fun

B. funs

C. the funs

D. fun.

6.In this strange village ,there are many small flags on the __________.

A.roof.

B. roofs

C. rooves

D.foofes

7.When I gave up work I shall take a long sea __________.

A. trip

B. travel

C. journey

D. voyage.

8.In that country ,there are two glass _____________and one chemical _________.

A .work s /works B. work /works C, factories ,work D.work,work

9.Although Tan Weiwei began her _________by singing in a local bar, she is now a famous star.

A. employment

B. profession

C. occupation

D.career

10.It was reported that the problem had been settled without much __________.

A.affect

B. affair

C. effect

D. effort

11.These trousers don‘t fit me well. Would you please show me another _______.

A. set

B. pair

C. piece D>one

12.He has spent a large _________of money on his new house .

A. deal

B. number

C. amount

D. piece.

13.Our _________protects us from the cold.

A.dress

B. clothing

C. clothes

D. cloth.

14.I should like to try that coat on, for I don‘t know if it is my ___________.

A. shape

B. model

C. design

D. size.

15.Shelly had prepared carefully for her English exam ,so that she could be sure of passing it on her first __________.

A. intention

B. attempt

C. purpose

D. desire.

Part Three.

1.The mananger entered the office and was happy to learn that four-fifths of the

tickets___________.

A. was booked

B. had been booked

C. were booked

D. have been booked ,

2.Every possible means ___________to prevent the air pollution ,but the sky is still not clear.

B. is used B. are used

C. has been used

D.have been used.

3.He is the only one of the students who ___________a winner of scholar for three years.

A. is

B.are

C. have been

D. has been

4As a result of destroying the forest a large _____of desert _____covered with the land

A .numbers/has B.quantity /has C. number/have Ｄquantity/have

5. The teacher ,with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class, ____________visiting a museum when the earthquake struck.

A. was

B. were

C. had been

D. would be

6. On top of the books _________the photo album you are looking for.

A. is

B. are

C. has D> have

7. Most of what has been said about the Smiths __________also true of the Johnsons.

A. are

B. is

C. being

D. have

8.The company had about 20 notebook computers but only one third _______used regularly.

A. is

B. are C was D. were.

9 The population of Jiangsu ___________to more than twice what it was in 1949.

A. has grown

B. have grown

C. grew

D. are growing

10. Either you orr one of your students ___________to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow .

A. are

B. is

C. have

D.be .

11.A survey of the opinions of experts_ _______that three hours of outdoor exercise a week ___________good for oen‘s health.

A. show/are

B. shows/is

C.show/is

D.shows/are

12. The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities ____________rising steadily

since 1990.

A.is

B. are

C. has been

D. have been

13.---Is everyone here?

----Not yet-------look,there __________the rest of our guests.

A. come

B. comes

C. is coming

D. are coming

14.It is reported that many a new house ___________at present in the disaster area.

A. are being built

B. were being built

C. was being built

D. is being built.

15. Buying clothes ___________a hard job because the clothes a person likes _______not very offen fit him.

A. are, do

B. is ,does

C. are ,does

D. is ,do

Part Four

1.He is the only one of the students who __________abroad.

A. have gone

B. has gone

C. are going

D. is going to

2.Do you know the singer and dancer who ________at the gate?

B. is standing B. are standing

C. is stand

D. standing

3.Mike ,what did our monitor say just now ?

Every boy and every girl as well as teachers who _________to visit the musem ________asked to at the school gate before 6:30 in the morning .

C. is ,is B. are, are C. is ,are

D. are, is

4.The city government is planning to build a new factory to deal with rubbish, but when and

where to start _________.

D. hasn‘t been decided B. haven‘t decided C. isn‘t being decided D. aren‘t decided

5.___________either of your parents come to see you recently?

E. Have B.Had C. Has D. Is

6.They both have some friends ,but his _________more active .

F. is B. will be C. was D. are

7.Dou you think fifty dollars __________enough for a chair? I don‘t have much money with

me . A. is B. are c. has D. have

8.Films , __________the one you told me about yesterday or one that will be on ,________not

worth seeing .

G. including ,is B. as well as ,are C. besides ,is D. such as, are

9. More than one student ,along with some parents, _______quizzed for information on the reference book so far. A was B. were C. have been D. has been

10. What the science teacher does and say ________of great importance to college students.

A. was

B. are

C. is

D. were

11．A large _______of money is spent on the Hope Project and a good many schools _______set up.

.A. amount ,has been B. amount ,have been C.number ,has been D. deal, have been

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/7d17484161.html,ge quantities of information ,as well as some timely help ________since the organization was built. A. has offered B. had been offered C. have been offered D. is offered.

13.To play basketball and to go swimming _____good for character training.

A. was

B. is

C. are

D. were.

14.Nowdays a large number of women ,especially those from the countryside ,________in the clothing industry.

A. is working

B. works

C. work

D. worked

15.Chairman Mao‖s works _________published.

A. has been

B. have been .Ｃwas D. is .

1—5 DBBDA 6—10 CDBDC 11—15 CACAA 1—5 DABCD 6—10 BDADD 11-15 BCCDB 1—5 BCABA 6—10ABDAB 11—15 BCADC 1—5 BADAC 6—10DADDB 11—15BCCCB

第二讲: 冠词

考点：冠词的基本用法。

冠词的种类：定冠词和不定冠词

I.定冠词的用法：

1.定冠词可用在单数可数名词，复数名词和不可数名词前，表特指。

2.独一无二的名词前：

3.方位名词：

4.谈话双方都知道的人和物：

5.上文提到的名词。

6.用在短语或从句修饰的名词前：

7.用在形容词最高级或序数词前：

8.江河湖海洋山脉群岛海湾海峡沙漠名词前：

9.用在形容词前表一类人：

10.用在姓的复数前表一家人：

11.用在乐器名词前：

12.用在计算单位名词前：

13.用在单数名词前表一类人：

II. 不定冠词的用法：

1用在单数可数名词前，表示一

2.笼统指某人和某物（名词带有描绘性修饰语，仅把意义范围缩小）。P2

3.用在姓名前或Mr.Mrs Miss MS +姓氏前，表示某一位：

4. a 和one 区别：

5.a（an）+序数词表“又一，再一‖

III. 零冠词：

1物质名次，抽象名词或复数名词用于一般意义：

2.by +交通工具

3.学科名词，球类，棋类，疾病通常不加

4.普通名词+//as(though)

5/turn +名词

III. 过关测试：

1.None but _______were expected. .A. brave B. a brave C braves D. the brave

2.--------What did you think of _________president?

-------I didn‘t care for him at first, but after _________time I got to like him .

A. the,/ a

B. a/ the

C. the /the

D. / a

3. Many ________scientist wants to be ________second Newton.

A. a/the

B. a/a

C. / a

D. / the

4.At noon we reach _________small village ________east of the town.

A. the/ the

B. a/ the

C. a/ x

D. a/ an

5 Apples usually sold by _________weight and eggs are sometimes sold by ________dozen.

A. the ,the

B. x, a

C. x, the

D. the ,a

6.--------I find _________German grammar very difficult.

-------I agree. Though ________grammar is poor ,you pronounce very well.

A.x,your

B. x/x

C. the /you

D. the/ the

7.When you finish reading the book ,you will have ________better understanding of ______life.

A. a/the

B. the/a

C. the /x

D. a/x

8.In _______China of today, _______computer is no longer _________rare thing .

A .the. a/a B. x/x/the C. x/the/a D. the/x/the

9.They say that __________ Japanese language is particularly difficult for _______European.

A. the/an

B. a/a

C. the/a

D. a/the

10.About 1979,he went to _________high school and began to study _______law by himself.

A. a/the

B. x/the

C. x/x D .x/a

11.The man rushed into the room ,seized tom by _________collar and hit him in ______face.

A. the/the

B. his/his

C. the/his

D. his /the

12.Wuhan,_________capital city of Hubei province ,is on ________Changjiang River.

A .the/x B. x/x C .x/the D. the/the

13.People all over the world celebrate ______New Year‘s Day and people in China celebrate __________Spring Festival as well.

A. the/x

B. x/the

C. x/x

D. the/the

14.Wouldn‘t it ________wonderful world if all nations lived in ________peace with one another ?

A. a/x

B. the/x

C. a/the

D. the/the

15.Nobody knows who invented _______wheel. which is _________most useful invention in _________history. A.a/the/x Bx./the/x C. the/a/x D.a/a/the

答案：1-----5：DABCA 6—10 ADACC 11---15 ADBAC

Part Two:

1. When you finish reading the book, you will have _____better understanding of ____ life.

A: a; the B: the; a C: /; the D: a; /

2.For a long time they walked without saying ___word . Jim was the first to break

______silence.

A: the ; a B: a ; the C: a ; / D: the ; /

3.It is _____world of wonders, ____world where anything can happen.

A: a ? the B: a; a C: the ; a D: / ; /

4.The most important thing about cotton in history is ______ part that it played in _____

Industrial Revolution.

A: / ; / B: the ; / C: the ; the D: a ; the

5.How about taking ______short break? I want to make ____ call.

A: the ; a B: a ; the C: the ; the D: a ; a

6.Have you heard _____news? The price of ______petrol is going up again!

A: the , the B: / , the C: the . / D: / , /

7.In _______ United States, there is always _______flow of people to areas of country where

more jobs can be found.

A: a ; the B: the ; a C: the : the D: a ; a

8.The biggest whale is _______blue whale , which grows to be about 29 meters long the height

of ________ 9-story building.

A: the ; the B: a; a C: a; the D: the ; a

9.Some people fear that ______air polluted may bring about changes in ______weather around

the world.

A: / ; the B: the ; / C: an ; the D: the ; a

10.I don‘t understand what the engineer means, but I‘ve got _____rough idea of _____ project

plan.

A: the ; a B: / ; a C: the ; / D: a ; the

11.He left word with his secretary that she should keep it ____ secret for _____moment.

A: the ; the B: the ; a C: a; / D: a ; the

12.In _______old society many women died from _______cruel and improper custom

A: an; a B: / ; the c: the ; a D: the ; /

13.First impressions are the most lasting . After all, you never get ____second chance to make

____first impression.

A: a; the B: the ; the c: a; a D: the ; a

1—5 DBBCD 6----10 CBBBD 11----13 DBC

P3

第三讲: 代词

考点：不定代词的区别，指示代词的替代，代词所运用的语境和代词所含的逻辑关系

Ｉ：代词的种类：

人称代词，物主代词，反身代词，相互代词，指示代词，疑问代词，不定代词

1.人称代词的并列顺序：

2.it的用法：形式主语，形式谓语，强调结构，在心理活动动词like, love , hate ,appreciate ,help

等后面，

3.反身代词的意思和词组：

Teach oneself , enjoy oneself , help oneself ,make oneself at home ,for oneself , of oneself ,by oneself ,in oneself

4.相互代词：each other ,one another

5.指示代词this 和that 用来指代上下文叙述的事情。

6.that /those ,one/ones, it/ them 用来代替。

7.疑问代词或连接代词或关系代词：what 和which

8.不定代词：

（1）every , some , any ,no +

（2）both和all

（3）some 和any

（4）each 和every

（5）nothing, none ,no one

（6）everyone 和every one

（7）neither和either

（8）other，the other ,the others ,another

(9) 不定代词的完全否定和不完全否定：

（10）关系代词：

II：过关测试：

1.Alan sold most of his belongs. He has scarcely _______left in the house .

A. everything

B. anything

C. nothing

D. something

2. Tom isn‘t the tallest boy in the class ,but he is taller than ______students.

A. any of the

B. some

C. any other

D. some of the boy

3. I hear_______ boys in your school like playing football in their spare time .

A. quite a lot

B. quite a few

C. quite a bit

D. quite a little

4.-----Who called me this morning when I was out ?---A man calling ______Robert.

A. him

B. himself

C. his

D. X

5.These three girls help _______to share their studying experience .

A. one another

B. each other C .one and the other D. one and other

6.Canada is larger than _______country in Asia.

A. any

B. any other

C. other

D. another

7.Alone in a deserted house ,he was so busy with his research work that he felt _______lonely.

A. nothing but

B. anything but

C. all but

D. everything but

8.A good writer is _______who can express the common place in an uncommon way .

A. that

B. one

C. this

D. which

9 .---Which of the fashionable dresses do you like best?

----______. They are both expensive and of little use.

A.None

B. Neither

C. Nothing

D. Either

10.--- -How much tea is left in the pot ?----________ P4

A. None

B. Not some C Nothing D. No one

11.We have physics on Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday, that is ,we have it ________.

A. every other days

B. every three days

C. every other day

D. each two day

12.It was _______who was praised at the meeting .

A. she

B. her

C. they

D. them

13.________will carry out the experiment .

A. You ,I and John

B. You ,John and I

C. You ,John and me

D. John and you

14.----Do you like _____here?

-----Oh, yes .The air, the weather ,the way of life .Everything is so nice .

A.this ,

B. these

C. that

D. it

15.After he came to ________,he tried hard to rise to his feet.

A. himself

B. him

C. his own

D. mine

答案：1---5 BDBBA 6---10ABBAA 11—15 CABDA

. 代词

Part one

1.The doctor advised Vera that she should take s holiday ,but __________didn‘t help.

A. it

B. she

C. which

D. he

2.The chairman thought _______necessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting .

A. that

B. it

C. this

D. him.

3.No progress was made in the trade talk as neither side would accept the conditions of ______.

A. others

B. the other

C. either

D. another

4.I made a call to my parents yesterday .To my disappointment ,_______of them answered it .

A. either

B. none

C. neither

D. nobody

5.Of all the books on the desk,__________is of any use for our study.

A. nothing B, no one C. neither D. none

6.Helping others is a habit , ________you can learn even at an early age .

A. it

B. that

C. what

D. one

7._________in my life impressed me so deeply as my first visit to the Palace Museum.

A. Anything

B. Nothing C．Everything D. Something

8.Did any of the students give the correct answer?-----__________>

A. None

B. No one

C. Not many ones

D. No many

9.It‘s cheap, but on the _______hand the quality is poor.

A. each

B. other

C. one

D. every

10.The young mother saw her baby fall to the ground ,_________brought her heart to her mouth.

A. it

B. and which

C. and that

D. this

11.Medical care in that country cannot compare with _______big cities.

A. one of

B. that of

C. /

D. the one of

12.I miss Marry and would hate _________if our relationship is over for good.

A. it B> and C. this D. one

13.Tom and Jarry still remember that it was ________,their parents ,who encouraged them to continue the education.

A.those

B. who

C. they

D. whom

14.He has learned __________,no matter what happens and how ________seems today, life goes on and it will be better tomorrow.

A. that,it

B. it ,that

C. it, it

D. that .that

15-------Is he leaving tomorrow?

-------No, He will continue to stay here for _________four or five days .

A.another

B. other

C. the other

D. every other

Part Two.

1.My brother preferred to read books in English while I like ______written in Japanese.

A. what

B. one

C. which

D. those

2.Hi! Judy.You are 18. That‘s really ________to be proud of .

A. everything

B. something

C. anything

D. nothing

3.My parents and I went too the concert,but we were not able to get tickets for_______.

A.two of us

B. the two of us

C. three of us

D. the three of us

4. Yesterday I spent the whole day repairing the car. The work was ________easy.

A. nothing but

B. something but

C. anything but

D. all but

5.I appreciate _______in the spring when all plants turn green .

A. one

B. that

C. this

D. it

6.Many students in this school make ________a rule to come to the evening classes on Sundays.

A. this

B. that

C. it

D. them

7.I invited Joe and Linda as well as Tom,but _____of them came .

A. neither

B. none

C. either

D. both.

8.----What‘s your impression of the city ?

----Oh, what _______different Tangshan! It is‘t ______I saw last.

A./, the

B.a ,the one

C. a. one

D. /,one

9. Treat________too a glass of wine to help you relax at the end of the day.

A. one

B. oneself

C. you B. yourself

10.Jim sold most of his things. He has hardly _________left in the house .

A. anything

B. everything

C. nothing

D. something

11.I don‘t think we met before .You are taking me for __________>

A. some other

B. someone else

C. other person

D. one other.

12.I tried ________but there was no result.

A. everyone

B. every one of them

C. each other

D. every of them

13.__________should be made a rule for us to turn off the lights when we leave the classroom.

A. It

B. This

C. One

D. All

14.How is _________going with you ?

A. everything

B. anything

C. something

D. nothing

15.No one knows when our ancestors started talking ,but new evidence suggests ______might have happened a long time ago.

A. which

B. what

C. it D they

-1—5 ABBCD 6—10 DBABC 11—15BACAA

1----5DBBCD 6—10 CCBBA 11—15 BBAAC

第四讲：数词，

Part one ::数词：

考点：表示确切数目和不确切数目的区别，数词复数的特殊用法，dozen 和score的用法

1.数词的种类：

2.序数词的冠词问题：

3.hundred ,thousand ,million ,billion ,dozen ,score

4.倍数的表达法：

（1）

（2）

（3）

（4）

5．分数表达法：

6. 百分数表达法：

7.小数的表达法：

8. 表示编号：

9.年月日的表达法：

10.时间的表示：

11.加减乘除的表示法：

divided by ,multiplied by

II. 过关测试：

1.----Why does the lake smell terrible？

----Because large quantities of water _______.

A.have polluted

B. is being polluted

C. has been polluted

D. have been polluted

2.He served in the army in ________,when he was in __________.

A.1940‘s/his twenties

B. 1940‘s/the twenties

C. the 1940‘s/his twenties D .the 1940‘s/the

twenties

3 .Because of the traffic jam they got to the theatre just before the end of __________.

A. Act Second

B. the Act Two

C. Act Two

D. Second Act

4. What‘s the date today ? It is __________.

A. fourth July

B. July of the fourth

C. the fourth of July

D. the July of fourth

5. He passed away on ___________.A. January 15 1965 B.1965 January 15 C. 1965 27 January

D. January 17 1965 P5

6.The wheels of the old wagon are nearly _______those of a modern car.

A. three times the size of

B. three times size of C .three times large D. as three times as

7.The production of the machines is ________it was five years ago.

A. twice

B. twice what

C. twice more

D. twice much

8.The football team ranks _________in his own country.

A. three

B. third

C. the three

D. a third

9.More than half of China‘s population ______farmers.

A. is

B. are

C. was

D. has been

10.________people in the world are sending information by E-mail every day.

A. Several million

B. Many million

C. Several millions D Many million

11.I shall meet you _________.A. outside your classroom tomorrow at ten B. at ten outside

your classroom tomorrow C. at ten tomorrow outside your classroom D.outside your classroom at ten tomorrow

12.Hainan is ________island. A. China‘s second largest B. the China‘s second largest C.the

second China‘s largest D. China‘s the second largest

13.Are you going to learn ________second language in ________third grade?

A. a/a

B. a /the

C. the/the

D. the /a

14. More than one answer _______to the question.

A, have been given B. has been given C. were given D. has given

15.As a result of destroying forests, a large ________of desert ______covered the land .

A. number, has

B. quantity ,has

C. number, have

D. quantity ,have

答案：1---5：DCCCD 6---10 ABBBA 11---15 DABBB

第五讲．介词

考点：相近介词的区别，介词的固定搭配和活用

介词的种类：简单介词，合成介词，分词介词，和短语介词

1.介词是不能单独使用的：

2.简单介词：across against along behind besides beyond despite minus off below unlike

3.合成介词：inside into onto out of throughout within without alongside

4.分词介词；regarding following considering including concerning

5.短语介词；according to ahead of apart from because of but for by means of due to except

for in front of in place of in spite of instead of next to on account of on behalf of together with up to regardless of in case of in favour of in honour of

6.关于“to ”

7.介词和副词的区别：

过关测试：

1.The films appeals ________people from all walks of life .A. to B. for C. with D. of

2.He is exhausted ________the two-hour trip through the mud. A. by B. from C. of D. at

3._______the few who failed in the exam, all the students in the hall are in

very high spirits. A. Apart from B. Despite D, Due to D But for

4.________the end of this term, we shall have learned 20 lessons.

A. By

B. To

C. In

D. out

5. ---I am sorry I stepped on your feet. It was an accident.

----It wasn‘t. You did it _______purpose .A. on B. for C. with D. at

6 I have given up trying to convince him; there is no point _____arguing with him .

A. by

B. for

C. with

D. in

7. On hearing of the accident we were much concerned ______his safety,

A. about

B. upon

C. in

D. at

8.I don‘t like to disturb you ,because you are tired _____working hard today .

A. from

B. of

C. for

D. on

9. In our school students don‘t have sufficient access ______library.

A. of

B. into

C. to D for

10.I am sorry I can‘t do this . It is not ______my power.

A. in B within C. on D. belong to

11. The thief was running away ________the direction of the park.

A. in

B. on

C. to

D. at

12.Can you see the sign which says: keep ______the grass.

A. up

B. up with

C. off Don

13.We sailed _______the coast _______the wind.

A. along, with

B. at ,against C back, with D. through, without

14.They are nice boys and I am sure you will get on _____them very well.

A. by

B. for

C. to

D. with

15.The football match ______China and South Korean went on _______the rain.

both ,in spite B. between , in spite of C. between ,through D. of ,through

答案：1—5 ABAAA 6—10 DAACB 11—15 ACADB

Part Two.:介词

1.He got to the station early ,________missing the train .

A. in case of

B. instead of

C. for fear of

D. in search

2. The accident is reported to have occurred __________the first Sunday in February.

A. at

B. on C in D. to

3. _______two exams to worry about , I have to work really hard this weekend.

A. With

B. Besides

C. As for

D. Because of

4．Dose Lisa have a new hair style ? Yes, it is quite similar _______yours.

A. as

B. like

C. to

D. with

5. W e hadn‘t planned to meet. We met _______chance.

A. of

B. in

C. for

D. by

6.Ｎo one helped me .I did it all_______ myself.

A. for

B. by

C. from

D. to

7. There were a lot of people standing at the door and the small girl couldn‘t get _________.

A. between

B. through

C. across

D. beyond

8. A clean environment can help the city bid for the Olympics, which _______will promote its economic development.

A. in nature

B. in return

C. in turn

D. in fact

9-----. Can he take charge of the computer ?

-----I am afraid it‘s _________his ability. A. beyond B. within C. of D. to

10.Although________my opinion, the old professor didn‘t come up with his own.

A.. against

B. on

C. for

D. to

11. Some people choose jobs for other reasons _______money these days .

A. for

B. except c. besides D. with.

12.-----I think he is taking an active part in social work.

------I agree with you __________>

A. in a way

B. on the way

C. by the way

D.in the way

13. Leaves are found on all kinds of trees, but they differ great _____size and shap.

A. on

B. from

C. by

D. in

14.You have no idea how she finished the relay race _____her foot wounded so much .

A. for

B. when

C. with d. while

15. Most American would prefer to keep their problems ______themselves and solve their problems __________themselves.

A.to ,by

B. by ,to

C. for ,by

D. in, on

Part Two

1.Jim was fast asleep with his back ________a big tree.

A in B. below C. beside D. against

2. My father warned me __________going to the West Coast because it was crowded with tourists.

A. by

B. on

C. for

D. against

3.I know nothing about the match_ _________I read in the newspaper.

A. besides

B. except

C. except that

D. except what

4.I came from a small town,___________ flows a branch of the Min River .

A. over which

B. from which

C. on which

D. through which

5.It will __________no difference whether our pay will be raised ________5% this year.

A. take ,by

B. make.by

C. make,to d. give ,to

6.I always prefer starting early _________leaving everything to the last minute.

A. rather than

B. or else

C. in case

D. for fear of

7.-----You are so lucky. -----What do you mean ________that ?

A. for

B. in

C. of

D. by

8.We are planning to send out a thousand invitations ________Expo volunteers.

A.over

B. in c. on D. to

9.With the development of its economy ,Bejing has changed _________recognition in the last five years. A. without B. beyond C. over D. with

10.The conference has been held to discuss the effects of tourism ______wild life here,

A. in

B. on c. at D. with

11. Walk _________the gate ,______you will see your room .

A. across ,and

B. through, or

C. through, and

D. over , and

12.You can‘t wear blue jacket ______that shirt. It will look terrible .

A.on B about C, over D. up

13.The manager suggested an early date _______the meeting.

A .on

B for C. about d. with

14.The man was hit ______the head ______a stone while traveling .in the street.

A .on ,with B. in ,by C. on, by D. in ,with

15.The nurse is very kind ________the man _________hospital.

A. of ,of

B. of ,in c. for ,of D. to, in

1—5 CBACD 6—10 BBCAA 11—15 CADCC

1—5 DDDDB 6—10ADDBB 11—15 CCBC

第六讲: 连词

考点：各种连词的不同作用

1.连词的种类：

2.并列连词：

平行关系：and both-- and not only ---but also neither ---nor

转折关系：but yet however while

选择关系：or otherwise or else rather than either ---or

因果关系：for so

3.从属连词：

引导名词性从句的从属连词：

连接词：that，whether if

连接代词：who whom whose which what

连接副词：where when why how

引导状语从句的从属连词：

时间状语：

地点状语：

原因状语：

条件状语：

目的状语：

结果状语：

让步状语：

方式状语：

比较状语：

过关测试：

1._______allow the vegetables to go bad ,he sold them at half price.

A. In order to

B. Rather than

C. Instead of

D. Not to

2. _______does he write well, ______he also speaks well.

A. Not only ,but

B. Not , but

C. Either ,or D Both and

3.I know nothing about him ________he is an American.

A. besides

B. except that

C. but

D. and

4.It must have rained last night, ________the ground is still wet.

A. so

B. for

C. or

D. but

5._______ __ is for him to decide.

A. When leaving

B. When shall we leave

C. When we leave

D. When we have left

6.Li Po wrote the famous poem when he made a tour to _______was once a battlefield.

A. where B that C. what D. which

7._______the man grew older, he lost interest in everything except gardening.

A. With

B. Since

C. While

D. As

8 .The matter has reached to a point _____the two sides will have go to court.

A. when ,

B. that

C. where

D. which

9.- ---Did Jack come back early last night?

------Yes .It was not yet 8o‘clock_______he arrived home.

A .before B. when C. that D. until

10._________song Jay Zhou sings will surely become popular pretty.

A. What

B. Which C .Whoever D. Whatever

11.They will fly to Washington, _______they plan to stay for two or three days .

A. where

B. there

C. which

D. when

12.I grew up in Arica ,________at least I should say that I spent much of the first ten years of my

life . A. and B. or C. so D. but

13. When you read the book, you‘d better make a mark _______you have any question.

A at which B. at where C. that place where D. where

14. Everyone has periods in their lives _________ everything seems hard.

A. when

B. where

C. which

D. that

15. ________is known to us all that the 2008 Olympic Games will take place in Beijing.

A .It B. What C. As D. Which

答案：1—5 BABBC 6---10 CDCBD 11---15 ABDAA

第七讲：形容词，副词

Part One :形容词

考点：排列顺序，比较等级，形容词和副词的区别，倍数表达法，特殊结构

1：前置定语：

（1）指冠序基品，大新颜国材

（2）限定描绘大长高，形状年龄和新老，颜色国籍出材料，作用类别往后靠最后几个晴朗的日子：the last few sunny day

几条新的主要城市公路：a few major urban highways

一只德国古代棕白两色的大啤酒杯：

a large antique brown and white German beer-mug

2：后置定语：

（1）形容词修饰不定代词：

（2）Present ,left 以a 开头的形容词

（3）定语从句

3.形容词和副词的比较级和最高级：

（1）as----adj/adv---as /not so/as ------as

(2)as—adj –a/an---as

(3) 比较级— than----

(4)as far as as long as as well as as soon as as ----as possible

（５）more +原级形容词+than

(6) less +原级形容词

（7）even much rather far still a little a bit a great deal by far

（8）比较级and 比较级

4 .最高级++of /in及修饰语

5. 倍数表达法：

（1）倍数-----as ----as

(2) 倍数---比较级---than

(3) 倍数---the (size ,width, depth ,height---) of

(4) 倍数---what----从句

The industrial output in the factory is more than 30 times what it was in 1970.

(5)percent/half---as----as

6. the ----比较级，the –比较级

7. the –比较级of

8.比较级表示最高级：

（1）比较级—than –any other ---单数名词

（2）比较级---than –any ---单数名词

（3）比较级—than ---anyone else

（4）比较级---than ---(any of ) the other students

9 .以a 开头的形容词：alike alive alone afraid awake aware asleep

10. old ,elder elderly

11. further furthest farther farthest

12. more than , no more than , more----than not more than

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的学习。（菲利普唐宁街安吉拉L,2006）语法之所以很难不仅仅因为该系统庞大、复杂、记忆量大，也源于学习者不知道该如何开始语法学习。语法书中大多数这样的系统都被有秩序的编纂成名词、冠词、代词以及动词、形容词、副词、介词、连词、动词(词组)、动词时态和非谓语动词。情态动词和语气词、复杂句、省略句、反意疑问句、交流英语等等。 该陈述将对句法学习者产生一定影响，但对基础差的学习者将会造成一定的困难。词汇学是任何一种语言的基本单位，英语也不例外。每个人在日常的谈话、工作、读书、读报、写作中，根据惯例都会用到具体的单词或词组。但当前的语法书侧重点主要在词汇而非句子，其侧重于单词间的互相使用，而不是如何恰当的运用单词以造句。 此外，传统的教授语法的方法是老师仔细地解释，学生安静的听。这是对理论的运用而非实践教学法。教师和学生习惯了多项选择的测试模式以巩固对语言知识的学习，同时，这似乎也是教师和学生之间默认的一种理解方式。 然而，这种方式的语法教学并不是最好的训练方法。首先，能记住语法知识并不能保证正确使用语言。语言教学并不是我教你，也不是我教你听。我们不能像学习游泳、踢足球那样，用听的方式学习语言，学习一门语言必须投入大量的工作。该方法可以引导学生掌握语言知识，而不是养成使用语言的能力。 其次，学生主观上并不能反映这一过程，教师依然是课堂的主导者。学生的活力和兴趣并没有被吸引，他们身心的一些特质都没有被

初二英语语法总结

初二英语语法总结 1) leave的用法 1.“leave+地点”表示“离开某地”。例如： When did you leave Shanghai? 你什么时候离开上海的？ 2.“leave for+地点”表示“动身去某地”。例如： Next Friday, Alice is leaving for London. 下周五，爱丽斯要去伦敦了。 3.“leave+地点+for+地点”表示“离开某地去某地”。例如： Why are you leaving Shanghai for Beijing? 你为什么要离开上海去北京？ 2) 情态动词should“应该”学会使用 should作为情态动词用，常常表示意外、惊奇、不能理解等，有“竟会”的意思，例如：How should I know? 我怎么知道？ Why should you be so late today? 你今天为什么来得这么晚？ should有时表示应当做或发生的事，例如： We should help each other.我们应当互相帮助。 我们在使用时要注意以下几点： 1. 用于表示“应该”或“不应该”的概念。此时常指长辈教导或责备晚辈。例如： You should be here with clean hands. 你应该把手洗干净了再来。 2. 用于提出意见劝导别人。例如： You should go to the doctor if you feel ill. 如果你感觉不舒服，你最好去看医生。 3. 用于表示可能性。should的这一用法是考试中常常出现的考点之一。例如： We should arrive by supper time. 我们在晚饭前就能到了。 She should be here any moment. 她随时都可能来。 3) What...? 与 Which...? 1. what 与 which 都是疑问代词，都可以指人或事物，但是what仅用来询问职业。如：What is your father? 你父亲是干什么的？ 该句相当于： What does your father do?

英语语法讲义

前言 第一章英语的时态 第一节一般现在时的用法 第二节一般过去时 第三节一般将来时： 第四节现在完成时 第五节过去完成时 第六节将来完成时 第七节现在进行时 第八节过去进行时 第九节将来进行时 第二章动词 第一节系动词 第二节助动词 第三节短语动词（动词短语）：起动词作用的短语第四节非谓语动词（动词短语） 第三章独立主格 第四章虚拟语气 第五章感叹句 第六章从句 第一节名词性从句 名词性从句一：引导名词从句的连接词 名词性从句二：名词性that- 从句 名词性从句三：名词性wh- 从句 名词性从句四：if/whether引导的名词性从句第二节定语从句 定语从句一：关系代词引导的定语从句 定语从句二：关系副词引导的定语从句 定语从句三：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 定语从句四：介词&关系词 定语从句五：as, which 非限定性定语从句 定语从句六：关系代词that 的用法 第三节状语从句 状语从句一：地点状语从句 状语从句二：方式状语从句 状语从句三：原因状语从句 状语从句四：目的状语从句 状语从句五：结果状语从句 状语从句六：条件状语从句 状语从句七：让步状语从句 第七章形容词和副词 第一节形容词： 第二节副词 第八章主谓一致 结束语

前言 首先，我们简要讨论一下要不要学习英语语法的问题。 中国目前现阶段主张英语语法可以不学的人往往这样说：“我们中国人，如果智力正常，从小就会说汉语，能遣词造句，没见过哪个小孩先学语法再学话的。再说，英语讲得多了，有了语感，语法还不是水到渠成的事。” 本人个人认为这种实践出真知的说法具有一定的科学正确性，不可完全否认。但我仍主张学一点英语语法理论。 语法，实际上就是给你语言整体上的语感（规则），学习语法的目的，不仅仅是要获得解释语言现象的鱼，更重要的是要让你知道如何用语感去钓语言深层的鱼。 就目前而言，我认为通过学习英语语法，求得对英语的整体感觉非常重要。以前初高中我们只是学习一些语言点，语言现象，最高级的也只是学习了一些独立成块的构词造句，而从没有在空中俯瞰英语语法的脉络和走向，从而造成了盲人摸象，重复记忆，使学生在各个细微的语法现象间迷了路！ 英语语法书很多，学习英语语法的方法也不少。但是学好一样东西，根本没有绝对好的方法。如果号称包治百病的医生，要么是庸医，要么是骗子。事实上，每个人可以根据自己的实际情况，在不断尝试中摸索出适合自己的方法。 归根结底，语言就是规律和例外的组合！！如果两三年内你能把所有的语言规范和所见的语言特例都积累下来，你就是语法精通者！ 第一讲英语的时态 在这里我先声明一点，有许多同学都要问，也有许多老师问我，时态是基于动词用来表达英语里的基本时间逻辑概念的高级语法，时态的基础-动词你都没有讲，更别说构成英语句子的名词，形容词，代词，副词了，你讲什么时态？怎么讲？岂不是无米之炊？ 在这里大家先明确一点，就是在座的各位都已经不是英语的初级学者，而现阶段存在主要问题不是什么细节问题，而是有没有一个良好的，过硬的基础框架问题！ 英语语法里的时态，是随口就说，动笔就有的东西，如果这种基础都不过硬，不管你掌握了多么高深的词汇，多么华丽的句式，都会因为把漂亮的砖瓦错误地放置在了没有根基的建筑结构上，最终都会变成一堆废料！ 这就好像盖一栋楼，没有哪个人会说我们先要漂亮的砖瓦，在要稳固百年的混凝土结构！因为都知道，结构不牢固，砖瓦会塌下来砸人！而结构牢固，添置漂亮的砖瓦只是时间和积累的问题！ 明白了这层关系以后，我们就正式开始我们的语法课程：英语时态。 在开始讲解之前，我想先问大家一个问题：英语一共有几种时态？ 英语一共有16种时态：（见表）

中考英语二轮复习语法突破十二特殊句型考点剖析(讲义,五四制)

五四语法十二特殊句型 语法考点剖析 考点一 there be句型 主要用来表达“某处有某物、某人或某事”，there无实际意义。be动词的单复数形式由最靠近它的名词或代词的单复数形式决定，也可以根据具体要求有多种时态变化。 There is a small village at the foot of the mountain.山脚下有一个小村庄。 There is an apple and two bananas on the table.桌子上有一个苹果和两个香蕉。 There is going to be a wonderful concert this weekend.本周末将有一场精彩的音乐会。 ★There be句型不能与实义动词have连用，其一般将来时结构为there is/are going to be或there will be。 单项选择 1．(2018·吉林中考改编)Let's save pandas! There only about 2，000 pandas living in the forests now. A．am B．is C．are D．be 2．(2018·吉林长春中考)Nowadays, there more heroes in China. We admire them a lot. A．is B．are C．was D．were 考点二感叹句 1．What ＋ a/an ＋adj.＋可数名词单数＋主语＋谓语！ 2．What ＋adj.＋可数名词复数＋主语＋谓语！ 3．What ＋adj.＋不可数名词＋主语＋谓语！ 4．How＋adj./adv.＋主语＋谓语！ (一)单项选择 1．(2018·湖北随州中考)— sweet the flowers smell in spring! —Yes, many tourists come to enjoy them every day.

大学英语语法及练习

大学英语语法及练习 Last updated at 10:00 am on 25th December 2020

大学英语语法及练习 第一讲虚拟语气 I. 考点分析：分四级语法复习 虚拟语气是动词的特殊形式，用来表达说话人的意愿、建议、请求、意图、惊奇、设想等未能或不可能成为事实的情况，以及在说话人看来实现的可能性很小的情况。 虚拟语气是非常重要的语法考点。考查历届四级试题，我们发现与虚拟语气有关的考题每次至少2题，有时甚至3-4题。虚拟语气的考查要点有： 1. 虚拟语气的形式：分清虚拟时间和主从句的动词形式十分重要，因此我们把所有虚拟语气的不同类型列表归纳并进行对比，以便于同学们记忆掌握。

2. 要注意从句中第一/三人称的过去式was用were代替。 例如：If I were invited, I would come. If she were not ill, she could do a lot of things. 3. if条件句中如谓语动词是were, had, should, could时，可以省略if, 把它们前置。

例如： Had my father a lot of money, he would send me abroad. Could I do it, I would surely do it. Should the Black Death reappear, what should we do?（万一黑死病再次出现，我们该怎么办） 4. 错综时间的条件句是难点，如99年1月第60题: If I hadn’t stood under the ladder to catch you when you fell, you wouldn’t be smiling now.（从句用过去完成时，主句用现在进行时） 又如：If I were you, I would have gone to the film last night.(从句虚拟现在，主句虚拟过去)；If we hadn’t got everything ready by now, we should be having a terrible time tomorrow.(从句虚拟过去，主句虚拟将来)； If the weather had been more favorable, the crops would be growing still better.(从句虚拟过去，主句虚拟现在) 5. 虚拟句的另一难点是省略if条件句的含蓄条件句，如： I would have written the paper before, but I have been ill.(=If I had not been ill, I would have written the paper before.); A true friend would have acted differently. (=A friend, if he had been true, would have acted differently.) 6. 注意介词短语 without, but for, in the absence等表示虚拟条件。

高中英语语法讲义——名词

高中英语语法讲义——名词 名词的数 单数名词变复数名词的常用法则 （1）一般情况直接加-s, 如：books, trees. （2）以-s, -x, -ch, -sh结尾的加-es, 如：glasses, boxes, watches, brushes. （3）以辅音字母加-y结尾的名词把-y改为-i再加-es. 如：stories, countries. （4）以-o结尾的常在词尾加-s，但中学英语中下列名词要加-es, 它们是：黑人英雄 ．．中吃土豆 ．．、西． ．．．．在回声 红柿 ．．，即Negroes, heroes, echoes, potatoes, tomatoes. 下列以-o结尾的名词既可加-es, 也可加-s,它们是：zeros (zeroes)零, mosquitos (mosquitoes)蚊子, volcanos (volcanoes) 火山。 （5）以-f或-fe结尾的名词变为复数时一般直接加-s，但下列名词需把f或fe去掉，加-ves，它们是：为 了自己 ．．和一片树叶 ．．上，把狼．劈成了两半．，即：selves, lives, ．．．．站在架子 ．．手里拿着刀子 ．．和他的妻子 ．．活命．，小偷 thieves, wives, knives, loaves, leaves, shelves, wolves, halves. 但下列以-f结尾的名词既可变f为v后加-es，也可直接在f后加-s，它们是：handkerchiefs (handkerchieves)手帕，scarfs (scarves)围巾。 （6）合成名词变复数时，通常只将里面所含的主体名词变为复数，如果没有主体名词，则将最后一部分变为复数。如sons-in-law女婿；passers-by过路人；storytellers讲故事的人；housewives家庭主妇。（7）“man/ woman+ n.”变复数时，作定语的man/ woman和中心词都要变复数。 men teachers男老师women engineers女工程师 （8）不规则复数形式 ①变内部元音 foot-feet man-men woman-women tooth-teeth mouse-mice goose-geese gentleman-gentlemen ②单复数同形的名词 sheep deer spacecraft太空船 aircraft飞行器Chinese Japanese

新版人教版八年级下英语语法聚焦翻译(全)

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