大学英语口译教材第六单元答案

Unit 6
Dialogue
A: Professor Smith, can you tell me something about clean energy sources?
B: 清洁能源是不污染空气、土地和海洋的能源。
A: What are some of the varieties of clean energy then?
B: 清洁能源包括太阳能、风能、潮汐能、地热能等，这些都是可再生能源，超过数百甚
至上千年都不会枯竭。
A: Is nuclear power a source of clean energy?
B: 应该说，核电在今天还是被认定为是一种清洁能源。
A: Would you please brief me on several clean energy sources? Let’s start talking
about solar power, will you?
B: 太阳能就是用太阳光的能量发电。许多世纪以来，它已被用在传统的建筑方法里。随
着人们意识到环境成本的增加和其他能源如化石燃料的供应越来越有限，对太阳能的
关注也就越来越多。在一些其他能源稀缺的偏远地区和太空，太阳能已被广泛使用。
A: When I traveled in western China, I saw many places use solar energy. Once
in Tibet, where there is extremely abundant sunshine as it is a place
closest to the sun, I found that almost every house was using solar
cookers and solar water heaters. So, how much of solar energy can finally
reach the earth?
B: 地球围绕太阳旋转的时候，从太阳接收到的能量大约是1400 瓦/ 平方米。这个数字
被称为太阳常数。所接收到的能源中大约19% 被大气层吸收，而云层平均反射了
35%。普遍接受的标准是海平面上所测太阳常数是每平方米1020 瓦。穿过地球大气
层后，太阳的大部分能量以可见光和紫外线光的形式存在。
A: The sun is really the source of all lives. Natural processes can use only a
small fraction of solar energy received by the earth’s surface. A lot of solar
energy will be wasted if not made use of through artificial conversion.
Now, would you please talk about another energy source, say, wind
power?
B: 风能是将风转化为一种可利用的能量，例如使用风力涡轮机发电。风能可以成为太阳
能系统的一个很好的补充。
A: Indeed, wind is caused by the solar radiation heat. When the sun shines
on the earth, different parts of the earth’s surface are unevenly heated.
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The differences in temperature cause the formation of atmospheric
convection, hence the wind. So wind energy is a converted form of solar
energy. Which countries have a relatively fast development of wind power?
B: 在政府大量的补贴鼓励下，有几个国家利用风能的水平相对较高，如德国、丹麦、爱
尔兰、葡萄牙和西班牙。在风力发电方面，中国这几年的发展速度也令人惊叹。
A: Professor Smith, I heard you are from Colorado. Do people use wind
power there?
B: 在科罗拉多州，当太阳光照射不强的时候，通常就会刮风。冬天，风能特别有用；在
日照最少而用电需求又最大的季节，人们利用时而猛烈时而温柔

的山风来发电。
A: I see. I also would like to ask a question about bio-fuels. I know it is a
source of new energy, but is it a source of clean energy?
B: 有些人认为生物燃料不属于清洁能源，因为它们释放一氧化氮及微粒进入环境。
A: I heard that the first-generation biofuels are mainly biogases and biodiesel
produced by corn and other crops to compensate for the shortage of oil,
but its use efficiency is very low and could easily lead to food crisis.
B: 是的，第一代生物燃料的确颇受争议。潜在的扩大生物燃料的使用会给农业、经济和
社会都造成影响。
A: But probably it is not the case that biofuels do not have a bright future in
the world because the development has not come to a halt. The first
generation biofuels are being taken over by the second generation, the
third generation, and the fourth generation. Finally, could you tell me
something about nuclear power?
B: 核能是由受控制的或者说非爆炸性的核反应所产生。商业和民用电站目前使用核裂变
发电。2009 年，世界13-14% 的电力来自核能。
A: Just a small consumption of nuclear fuel can generate large amounts of
electricity. And nuclear energy is cleaner than many other conventional
energies. However, it is still not an absolutely clean source of energy,
right?
B: 对于核能，的确有争论。反对者认为，核力量对人类和环境有许多威胁。这些威胁包
括放射性核废料的运输、处理和储存问题，核武器的扩散和恐怖主义的危险，还有铀
矿开采带来的健康风险以及环境破坏。他们还争论说，反应堆本身是极为复杂的设施，
可能而且确实会出现许多问题，比如已经发生的严重的核事故。因此批评者认为，使
用核裂变产生能量的风险难以通过新技术的发展而被抵消。
A: I do not think that people would turn pale at the mere mention of nuclear
power, but it is clear that nuclear power is a very complex issue. As you
said, public concern mostly focuses on nuclear waste disposal problem.
People will consider if we should take advantage of this energy which is
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not so clean, because it takes ten thousand years to resolve the waste. Is
it moral? Some people will otherwise think that because of energy
shortages, the use of this new energy is worthwhile.
Passage 1
美国商务部长骆家辉在珠三角创新与知识产权论坛上的讲话
早上好！在过去几十年里，随着中国成为吸引资本、创意和创新的热土，数亿中国人
已加入全球中产阶层的行列。
三十年前，邓小平副总理选择离此不远的一个小渔村作为中国首个经济特区。今天，
那个渔村已经变成了深圳，一个拥有1400 万人口、中国最具活力的城市之一。
今天的珠三角是市场原则发挥作用的一个生动例子。这里有十几万家工厂，生产你能
想象得到的

各种产品，从iPhone、平板电视、手机、到高档服装。
但我们也知道，在全球经济价值链中，中国正日益向高端转移，而在高端，增长不仅
要靠一个国家的工业实力，还要靠他们的创意和发明来推动。对中国来说，下一步的关键
是培养更多能在中国和世界各地销售高附加值和高科技产品的本土企业家。
如果中国，尤其是广东省，要实现这种转型，就必须建立一套为那些冒着风险开发新
创意的人提供奖励和保护的法律法规体系，而这方面工作的基石，是对知识产权制度的严
格执行。如果创新者担心他们的发明或创意会被人盗用，就只会发生两种情况：要么他们
会停止发明创造，要么他们会决定去其他地方实现自己的发明创造。在广东省，这个问题
尤其重要。去年，广东的企业获得的专利数比任何其他省的企业都要多。广东具有成为中
国创新中心的潜力，而知识产权法律及其执法越有力，国内及外国的创新者在这里研发自
己产品的动力就越强。
过去几年里，美国和中国已经采取了一系列措施来提高知识产权意识，推动对知识
产权的保护。我们的合作对象不单包括中国政府，也包括学术界和企业界。美国专利商
标局已经与中国的大学建立了合作关系。大学里的教授和学生对于改变人们对购买和使
用假冒及盗版产品的宽容态度发挥着重要作用。中国的许多学生也没有意识到，现在距
离他们作为雇员或创业者进入就业市场的时间是多么的短暂。几年以后，他们也需要依
赖一套制度来奖励那些为让世界各地的人活得更健康、更富有、更有成就感而创造新产
品和新服务的人。
我知道，建设一套行之有效的专利商标体系并不容易，因为在建国200 多年后的今
天，美国仍在努力完善自己的专利商标体系。
我希望这种意识能很快在中国更加深入人心。因为它不仅影响我们未来经济增长的命
运，还可能影响我们这个星球的命运。
今年夏天，我与美国能源部长朱棣文先生一起访问中国，探讨清洁能源合作的途径。
访问期间，我指出：气候变化既是一个严峻挑战，也是一个巨大机会。挑战当然就是：如
果世界各国不开始减少使用化石燃料，我们都将遭受这必然导致的环境损害，这是世界顶
尖科学家们的共识。但如果我们能通过新的科技方案更清洁有效地利用能源，从而避免这
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种命运，那我们将找到21 世纪经济增长最重要的途径之一。要抓住这个机会，政府必须
采取有力行动。在这里我要称赞中国政府在这个领域的远见。中国实行了世界上最积极的
能源效率计划，并且，在可再生能源的许多方面正稳步超越其目标。
但

应对气候变化这样一个巨大挑战，仅有开明的公共政策是不够的。它还需要丝毫不
亚于曾伴随工业革命及计算机与互联网时代诞生的那种汹涌的私营企业创新浪潮。在当今
这样一个新创意既可能诞生于旧金山也可能诞生于上海的全球化经济中，我们必须想尽一
切办法来激励并解放那些解决气候变化问题所需要的最聪明的头脑。这意味着我们必须为
新创意提供适当保护。
当比尔· 盖茨从大学退学，踏上创办微软的道路时，没人保证他一定会成功。但他仍
然投身其中，因为他希望有朝一日，他的辛勤劳动可以产生出让他感到自豪的发明创造。
而正是由于比尔· 盖茨的创意受到知识产权的保护，今天世界各地成千上万人因此而获益
匪浅。现在世界上的某个地方也许就有清洁能源领域的比尔· 盖茨。我们必须确保这样的
人能得到类似保护。
作为世界上的主要大国，美国和中国有能力也有义务为我们两国人民和整个世界更好
的明天而改变历史。我们的力量来自许多方面，但其中最重要的是，我们的成功归功于我
们人民的聪明、智慧和创造性。
我今天所谈论的知识产权改革，是朝着我们的共同目标前进的重要一步，这个目标就
是：帮助我们两国人民发挥他们所有的聪明才智，以解决我们共同面临的难题。
谢谢大家！
Passage 2
奥巴马总统在美国国家科学院年会上的演讲（节选）
首先，非常感谢你们的盛情！非常感谢西塞罗院长对美国国家科学院的领导和对我们
今天的接待。非常荣幸，今天上午能够向聚集在这里的美国国家科学院各位杰出的院士以
及工程院和医学院的领导们致词。
美国内战期间，亚伯拉罕· 林肯总统签署了创立美国国家科学院的法令。美国国家科
学院的创立本身足以证明，人类无止境的好奇心和无穷尽的希望，不仅对于科学事业至关
重要，而且对于我们称之为“美国”的这样一个试验，同样非常重要。
今天，我们面临着前所未有的、更为复杂的挑战。在这样一个艰难的时刻，有人说我
们难以支付对科学的投资。对此，我完全不能赞同。科学对于我们的经济繁荣、国家安
全、人口健康、生态环境和生活质量比以往任何时候都更加重要。
半个世纪前，美国经历过研究和开发投入的鼎盛时期。从那以后，我们对科学研究的
投入占国民收入的比重却不断下降。其结果是，其他国家在追求我们这一时代的伟大发现
进程中开始跑到了我们前面。
我相信，落后不是美国的特点，领先才是我们的本色。现在又到了我们重新领跑的时
候了。今天，我在这里宣布：我们将拿出3% 以上的GDP，用于研究和开发，

加大对基
础和应用研究的投入，创造新的激励机制，鼓励私有部门（企业）的创新，促进能源和医
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学领域的突破，提高数学和科学教育水平。
这将是美国历史上对科学研究和创新做出的最大承诺。
想一想这将使我们取得什么样的成就：像油漆一样便宜的太阳能电池；自身产生的能
量就足够本身使用的绿色节能建筑；像私人教师一样有效的学习软件；发达的修复医学使
遭受不幸的钢琴爱好者们可以继续弹钢琴，不断拓展的关于人类自身及周围世界的知识前
沿，等等。我们能够实现这些目标。
首先，这项工作始于我们对基础科学与应用研究所作的历史性承诺。基础科学和应用
研究将从名牌大学的实验室里走出来，进入到创新型企业的试验场。
在国会的支持下，通过制定和实施《美国经济复苏与恢复投资法》，本届政府已经提
供了美国历史上最大规模的基础研究投资。这已经成为事实。
事实上，对一个具体的物理、化学或生物过程的研究未必就会在1 年或10 年内带来
经济效益，甚至有可能什么效益也没有。但是，一旦带来效益，则往往是可以广为共享
的，不仅可以使那些承担了科研成本的人和组织部门受益，而且可以使那些没有承担科研
成本的人和组织部门也能够从中受益。
第二，我的经济复苏计划中包含了在未来几年将我国可再生能源生产能力翻一倍的激
励措施。能源问题是一项巨大工程，是我们这代人的一项伟大工程。我们将使可再生能源
变成可以带来利润的能源。我们将投入所需要的各种资源，使得科学家们可以集中精力从
事这一关键领域的研究。
此外，我们知道，未来几代人的发展和繁荣将有赖于我们现在对下一代人的教育，所
以今天我将宣布一项新的数学和科学教育计划。通过这项计划，今后十年美国学生将在科
学和数学领域从中游走向上游。
我今天还将宣布各州只有承诺并实施加强数学和科学教育计划，才能获得今秋晚些时
候教育部门额外设立的50 亿美元的中小学生“争先计划”的支持。
而且，我鼓励各州通过提高标准、更新实验室设备以达到现代化，更新课程、促进课
堂上的伙伴小组以提高科技的应用，大幅提高数学和科学成绩。我还鼓励各州增强教师的
后备力量和培训，吸引合格的新教师来更好地教导学生，并且使这些学科在学校中复兴。
正如你们所知，我们的工作并不仅限于中学。过去数十年，我们的教育程度在全球处
于领先水平，从而我们的经济增长也领先于世界。这就是为什么本届政府制定这样的目
标，在下一个10 年，即2020 年前，美国将再次拥有全世界最高的大学

毕业生比例。这
就是我们的目标。
所以我希望在座诸位在教室里多花些时间，告诉并展示给年轻人你们工作的意义，以
及工作对你们的意义。我希望大家思考一些鼓励年轻人进入科学和工程领域的新的、创造
性的方法，利用科学节、机器人竞赛、展览等，鼓励年轻人进行创造、创建和发明，鼓励
学生把科学、数学和工程作为事业，鼓励他们成为创造者而不仅仅是消费者。
科学创新给我们提供了一个成就繁荣的机会。它改善了健康和生活，对这些益处我们
接受得太轻松。但是，科学也给了我们其他的东西。从根本上说，科学使我们尽可能深入
地探知真相。
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有些真相让我们感到敬畏，还有一些让我们质疑长期以来所持有的见解。科学不可能
回答每个问题，实际上，我们对物质世界探索得越深入，我们就越感到卑微。科学不能代
替我们的道德和价值，不能代替我们的原则和信仰。但是科学能够帮助实现这些价值，能
够帮助我们哺育儿童、治愈病人，能够更好地管理这个世界。
我们清楚地看到，每一项新的发现和新力量都带来新的职责；生命的脆弱和特殊要求
我们抛开分歧，解决我们共同的问题，去承担并继续为争取更美好的世界而奋斗。
正如肯尼迪总统45 年前在美国国家科学院讲话时说的：“我们面临的挑战或许可以
拯救我们。”
感谢你们所有人过去、现在和未来的发现。上帝保佑你们。上帝保佑美国。
Passage 3
Science in Everyday Life
Science helped mankind in innumerable ways. The scientific inventions
have brought about many changes in our lives. The civilizations of the world
have progressed by leap and bounds. It has helped us in countless ways to
make our everyday life comfortable.
For traveling or transportation we have many types of vehicles. We need
not walk on foot or travel by slow moving bullock carts. Today we have cars,
trains, airplanes to travel from one place to another.
The invention of electricity has helped us in many ways. Today nights are
not dark, winters are not so cold and summers are not so hot. We use bulbs
or tube lights to illuminate our house, room heaters to keep us warm and air
conditioners to drive away heat during summer days. The invention of TV
sets has helped us in getting news, entertainment, live telecasts of distant
events around the world. We need not go out of our houses to witness those
events.
Today, means of communication have vastly improved. News travels
faster than before. There are E-mails, couriers, telephones, telexes which
provide us instant messages from afar. A person sitting in India on telephone
can talk to his relative sitting in America or any other part of the world.
Communication satellites moving in their orbits above the earth’s atmosphere
can

forecast weather reports, cyclones, tidal changes in the sea etc.
Moreover, these forecasts help us to reduce the disasters likely to take place.
We have developed instruments to help us in agriculture, irrigation,
generating electricity, building dams and curing many fatal diseases. Man’s
life span has been increased with the advancement of the medical science.
Science has helped us in building multi-storied buildings and elevators helps
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us to reach even the top floors within no time and without straining our legs.
Computers and the Internet have helped mankind dramatically extend the
scope of information technology. Today’s life without science is unthinkable.
To conclude we can say that science is the magic wizard of today. It can do
wonders for us if it is used carefully.
Passage 4
Address by Premier Wen Jiabao at the Opening Ceremony of
the 7th World Expo International Forum
President Jean-Pierre Lafon,
Secretary General Vicente Gonzales Loscertales,
Distinguished Guests,
Ladies and Gentlemen,
It is truly a pleasure for me to attend the 7th World Expo International
Forum. On behalf of the Chinese government, I warmly welcome all the
guests to the forum and sincerely wish the forum a complete success.
The World Expo is a great event showcasing the fruits of human
civilization. Each World Expo is an important stage that bears witness to the
development of human civilization. The history of the World Expo is a history
of mankind moving from backwardness to progress, from closeness to
openness, from conflict to cooperation and from material worship to the
pursuit of science. The famous saying that “Everything begins with the Expo”
well illustrates the huge influence of the World Expo on mankind.
It is through the World Expo that steam engine, light bulb, telephone,
film, television, automobile, airplane, spacecraft and other major inventions
have made their way to different parts of the world and profoundly changed
the way people live.
Time goes by and the World Expo has gone through 158 years. It has
accumulated experience in the past one and a half centuries, and is still
young and full of vitality. It has not only greatly stimulated people’s initiative
and enthusiasm for the creation of material wealth, but also left behind a
valuable legacy for cultural development.
Innovation provides an inexhaustible source of human progress and it is
in the very soul of the World Expo. History shows that the innovation spirit
advocated by the World Expo has sparkled human wisdom for countless
times and helped people overcome difficulties and challenges. The role it
plays is irreplaceable in the economic and social development of the world.
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“Better city, better life” is the theme of the Shanghai Expo. Aristotle the
philosopher once said, “Men come together in cities in order to live; they
remain together in order to live the good life”.
Yet in the process of industrialization and urbani

zation, cities, while
having brought us good life, have also encountered serious challenges and
difficulties such as swelling population, traffic congestion, environmental
pollution, resources strain, poverty and cultural frictions. In this sense, to
realize harmonious and sustainable development of cities is a major and
urgent task facing all countries around the world. The Shanghai Expo will
offer an opportunity for participating countries to fully demonstrate their
achievements in urban development, exchange experience, share best
practices and success stories, and pool thoughts and minds together for
better ways of living and working in cities. All this will prove to be a rich
cultural legacy for sustainable development of mankind.
The Shanghai Expo will encourage innovation and enhance cooperation.
It will offer a platform for countries, international organizations and
enterprises to showcase products of innovation and enhance exchange and
cooperation. With a pool of global wisdom and international perspectives, the
Expo will feature products of cutting-edge technology and ingenious creation
as well as distinctive regional and cultural characteristics, offering inspirations
to human imagination. We hope it will encourage participating countries and
enterprises to take full advantage of international scientific and technological
resources and carry out all forms of scientific and technological cooperation
on the basis of independent innovation.
The World Expo 2010 belongs not only to Shanghai, but to the whole of
China and the entire world. The Chinese government and people have made
huge efforts for this event. Countries and international organizations around
the world and friends from various sectors have also contributed their great
share.
Let me take this opportunity to express, on behalf of the Chinese
government, heartfelt thanks to the comrades and friends for the hard work
you have done in preparation for the World Expo.
In conclusion, I sincerely welcome friends from around the world to
Shanghai next year to celebrate the splendor of the World Expo Shanghai
and the great accomplishments of human civilization.
Thank you.
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Passage 5
What Might Future Cities Look Like 28 Years Later
What might future cities look like 28 years from now? Here are some
scenarios: things to come, things to go.
Zero waste：Waste disposal is one of the biggest headaches for cities.
Apart from recyclable waste, everything is buried or incinerated, only to
pollute the environment. Plastic waste remains undegradable under the
ground for several decades. The world produces much more garbage than
that it can dispose of. Now at the Expo, all waste is delivered to a
compression station where the waste is sorted, filtered, decontaminated,
deodorized and compressed before finally being disposed of at designated
spots. In some areas, people turn their household waste into organic
fertilizers which are used to grow plants

at residence communities.
No more transportation problems during the Spring Festival：the Spring
Festival, the most important Chinese holiday when everyone returns home,
has caused headaches for millions of Chinese. More than two billion people
travel at the same time, making obtaining travel tickets and the journey
difficult. But in 28 years, Spring Festival travel may not be a problem at all.
By 2020, China plans to have more than 120,000 kilometers of railway and a
rapid transportation network that will serve 90 percent of the population. And
because most of China will be cities, people will not have to go to other
places to find a job, so migration will no longer be so large-scale.
Newspapers to disappear:American scholar Philip Meyer predicts that
newspaper will come to an end in 2043. The former editor-in-chief of The
Mainichi Daily News, believes that the newspaper will be gone in 2030.This
kind of prediction may worry those in print news business. In the U.K., the
circulations of national newspapers are declining. Major Japanese newspapers
have gone into debt. In the U.S., declining circulations and ad revenues have
forced several newspapers to stop printing paper editions.Media tycoon
Murdoch thinks the future of media relies on interaction through the Internet.
In the future, digital newspapers will be sent to portal web terminals
wirelessly. Readers can discuss issues with journalists and editors thoroughly.
Information will move faster.
Oil to run out:In August 2009, an economist of the International Energy
Agency, said that oil is running out faster than expected and that the world
will likely feel the tightness in supply in the next five years.Scientists have
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found substitutes for oil as fuel. Coal, natural gas, solar power, nuclear power
and even water can replace oil as sources of energy. Flammable ice reserves
alone can support humans for the next 1,000 years. But if oil runs out, the
petrochemical industry will suffer the most. More than 5,000 products are
made with oil, and the industry exerts a vast and profound influence on
people’s lives. If it is affected by oil, the impacts will be relayed to society as
well.
Glasses to disappear:The heritability of myopia is as high as 89 percent,
indicating that myopia is determined by genetics. Scientists have found the
genes for myopia and by controlling them, may be able to cure myopia.
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