高级口译教程 笔记 unit 14

UNIT FOURTEEN FOREIGN POLICY 第一篇

外国使节diplomatic envoy

复杂而深刻的变化complex and profound changes

各种问题相互交织various threats are intertwined

指导国际关系的准则norms governing international relations

切实履行implement in real earnest

以强凌弱的霸权主义bully the weak and pursue hegemony 文明的多样性the diversity of civilizations

万物并育而不相害all living creature grow together without harming one another

道并行而人不相悖ways run parallel without interfering with one another

相互借鉴、取长补短learn from each other in mutual emulation

相互包容、求同存异mutual tolerance, seek agreement while shelving differences

减免债务reduce and forgive debts

军事联盟military alliance

动辄诉诸武力resort to use or threat of force

摈弃冷战思维the Cold War mentality should be done away with

核武器扩散nucleus weapons proliferation

跨国犯罪trans-boundary crimes

生态恶化environmental degradation

永远不称霸never seek hegemony

维护国家主权和领土完整safeguard national sovereignty and territorial integrity

睦邻、安邻、富邻政策the policy of creating an amicable, secure and prosperous neighborhood

奔腾不息的时代潮流irresistible tide of the times

第二篇

diplomacy 外交手段

monetary structure 货币组织

military deterrence 军事威慑

utmost purpose 最高宗旨

subordinate 服从于

overshadow 黯然失色

initiative 主动行动

downright distrust 不信任的传统

utility 利用

authorization 授权

sponsorship 操办

intervention 干预

take…into account 考虑到

the IMF 国际货币基金组织

trade deficits 贸易赤字

commitment 致力于

war-torn 遭受战争破坏

elite 上层人物

military alliance 军事联盟

demobilization/remobilization 遣散军队/重组军队

TEXT

PASSAGE ONE

汉译英：

1．当今世界正处于复杂的大变革时期。

The world is undergoing complicated and profound changes.

2．国际形势总体趋于缓和，通过和平谈判解决争端的倾向明显增强。

On the whole, the international situation is moving towards greater relaxation, with an increasing tendency to settle disputes through peaceful negotiations.

3．多极化趋势进一步发展，广大发展中国家在国际事务中发挥着积极的作用。

With a growing trend developing towards multi-polarity, a vast number of developing countries are playing an active role in international affairs.

4．经济因素在国际事务中的作用日益突出。

Economic factors are increasingly prominent in international relations.

5．维护世界和平，促进经济发展，是世界各国人民的共同愿望。

Safeguarding world peace and promoting economic development have become the common aspiration of people around the world.

6．但是霸权主义和强权政治依然存在，局部地区的武装冲突还在继续，天下仍不太平。However, hegemonism and power politics continue to hang on, regional armed conflicts persist, and the world is still not tranquil.

7．近年来中国和外国政府领导人之间的互访推动了双边关系的发展。

Over the year, the exchange of visits of government leaders between China and foreigner countries has promoted the development of our bilateral relations.

8．中国同周边国家的睦邻友好关系继续深入发展，同广大发展中国家的团结合作进一步增强，同西方国家的关系继续得到改善。

China has further developed her good-neighborly relations with her surrounding countries, strengthened her solidarity and cooperation with developing countries, and further improved her relations with the West.

9．中国同世界各国的贸易往来日益扩大，经济技术合作领域不断拓宽。

China has expanded her foreign trade and the areas for economic and technological cooperation with other countries.

10．中国积极参与国际事务，在和平解决国际争端、推动全球和区域性经济合作等方面，发挥了重要作用。

China has actively participated in international affairs and has played an important role in the peaceful settlement of international disputes and in the promotion of regional and global economic cooperation.

11．展望未来，中国政府将继续坚定不移地奉行独立自主的和平外交政策，同世界各国建

立和发展关系，反对霸权主义和强权政治，维护世界和平，推动社会发展，促进人类进步。Looking ahead, the Chinese government will unswervingly pursue its independent foreign policy of peace by establishing and developing friendly relations with other countries and opposing hegeminism and power politics so as to safeguard world peace and promote social development and the progress of mankind.

12．中国将始终不渝地执行睦邻友好政策，愿意同所有的周边国家在广泛领域里进行友好合作。

China will as always, purse a good-neighborly policy, and conduct extensive friendly cooperation all surrounding countries.

13．我们将继续加强同广大发展中国家的团结与合作，加强在双边和国际事务中的磋商，进一步增进业已存在的友好关系，共同维护发展中国家的权益。

We shall further strengthen ouor solidarity and cooperation with the great number of developing countries and enhance our consultations with these countries on bilateral and international issues, with a view to further improving our existing friendly relations, and jointly safeguard the rights and interests of developing countries.

14．我们希望在相互尊重、互不干涉内政、平等互利的基础上，继续改善和发展同西方国家的关系，增进交往，保持经贸合作的发展势头。

On the basis of mutual respect, non-interference in each other's internal affairs, and equality and mutual benefit, we hope to further improve and develop the relations with Western countries, increase our exchange and maintain the momentum in economic cooperation and trade.

15．中国是维护世界和平与稳定的力量，不会对任何国家构成威胁。

A strong effort to safeguard world peace and stability, China will not pose a threat to any country. 16．中国愿意通过平等对话和以双边谈判的方式解决争议问题。

China is willing to resolve any disputes through dialogues on the basis of equality and by means of bilateral consultation and negotiation.

17．中国认为，国家不分大小强弱，都是国际社会中平等的一员，都有权选择自己的社会制度和发展道路。

We maintain that countries, big or small, strong or weak, are all equal members of the international community and have the right to choose their own social systems and paths for development.

18．我们不把自己的社会制度和意识形态强加给别国，也坚决反对别国把他们的社会制度和意识形态强加给我们。

We do not impose our social systems or ideology upon others and we are resolutely opposed to any attempts by other countries to impose their social systems or ideologies upon us.

19．中国主张在平等互利的基础上积极开展国际经贸科技合作.

China advocates active international economic, commercial, scientific and technological cooperation on the basis of equality and mutual benefit.

29．反对各种不平等和歧视性的做法。

China stands firmly opposed to any practice of inequality and prejudice.

30．中国主张各国在和平共处五项原则和其他公认的国际关系准则的基础上，建立和平、稳定、公正、合理的国际政治经济新秩序。

It is China's position that a new international political and economic order, an order which is characteristically peaceful, stable, just and equitable, should be established on the basis of the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence and other universally recognized norms governing international relations.

31．中国一贯致力于和平与发展的崇高事业，愿意同世界各国一道，为建设一个和平、稳定、繁荣、美好的新世界而做出不懈的努力。

China has consistently devoted herself to the lofty cause of peace and development. We are ready to make unremitting efforts along with other countries to build a wonderful new world of peace, stability and prosperity.

PASSAGE TWO

英译汉：

1．The greater problem confronting the United States during the transition from the Cold War era to the post-Cold War era is a loss of cohesion.

从冷战时期到冷战后期的转轨过程中，美国面临的更为严重的问题是人民凝聚力的消失。2．As Americans divert their attention to domestic issues, their tolerance for domestic problems shrinks and they vent their frustration at every opportunity.

当美国人民将他们的注意力转移到国内问题的时候，他们对国内问题的容忍力减弱了并且只要有机会他们便发泄不满。

3．In addition, a price must be paid for Clinton's reforms, many of which offer no short-term benefits.

此外，一笔款项必须用来支付克林顿的改革措施，它们中的许多都不会带来短期效益。4．However, the fact that Democrats lost the election despite the economic revival and diplomatic achievements does not necessarily mean that the problems are especially serious.

民主党在美国经济复苏和外交取得成果的情况下，仍然在选举中受挫，但是这并不一定意味着美国业已存在的问题已特别严重。

5．As far as US foreign policy is concerned, we are aware that President Clinton has paid far more attention to foreign affairs than he did last year, even though his primary focus remains on domestic issues.

就目前美国外交政策而言，我们注意到，尽管克林顿总统仍将其主要注意力放在国内问题上，但同去年相比，他更注重于外交事务。

6．Washington has made certain overtures and achieved certain results.

华盛顿有所行动，也取得了一些成就。

7．The president realized that as a superpower, the United States cannot isolate itself from world events, and it must play its role in order to protect its own

interests.

总统认识到作为一个超级大国美国不可以将自己置身于国际时间之外，为了保护自己的利益，必须发挥自己的作用。

8．However, Clinton was forced to make his foreign policy under both domestic and international pressure.

然而，克林顿在国内和国际的压力下，被迫制定了外交政策。

9．The involvement, deep or shallow, inevitably invited criticism against the Clinton Administration.

美国对国际性事件的介入，无论程度深浅，必定会招致人们对克林顿政府的批评。10．The United States is also paying greater attention to economic interests, and its calls for human rights and global democratization are no longer as vocal.

美国也更为重视其经济利益，已不再像以前那样慷慨陈词地呼唤人权和全球民主化。11．Economic interests prevail when various diplomatic goals run into conflict. 当各项外交目标发生矛盾时，美国的经济利益则高于一切。

12．From an overall perspective, US foreign policy has gained greater flexibility and is more responsive to setbacks.

从整体上看，美国的外交政策更具有灵活性，也更能应付所遇到挫折。

13．For example, Washington used force in Haiti, but made major concessions to the Democratic People's Republic of Korea.

例如，华盛顿在海地使用了武力，而对朝鲜民主主义人民共和国去作出了很

大的让步。

14．The United Nations has also become an important factor in US foreign policy and provides a multilateral arena for carrying our Washington's initiatives.

联合国的作用也是美国外交政策必须予以考虑的一个重要因素，联合国为华盛顿提供了一个可以实施其主张的多边舞台。

15．This in no way implies, however, that the United States is bound by this world organization. 但是这全然不意味着美国会因此受制于这一国际组织。

16．Washington is seeking a balance between Europe and the Asia-Pacific region. This is a striking departure from its earlier emphasis on the former.

华盛顿正在寻求欧洲与亚太地区的平衡，一改过去那种只重视欧洲的做法。

17．The United States has yet to find a way to deal with the major powers, as its relations with Russia, China, Japan and Europe face uncertainty.

由于美国与俄国、中国、日本和欧洲的关系中尚有一些不确定的因素，所以他还必须寻找一种可以同主要强国打交道的途径。

18．Of course the new Republican-dominated Congress will restrain the president form making resolute decisions on foreign affairs.

当然，由共和党控制的新一届国会将对总统在外交事务上的果断决策行为起着制约作用。TEXT FOR PRACTICE

PASSAGE ONE

汉译英：

1．女士们，先生们：

Ladies and Gentlemen:

2．国际关系经历了冷战结束以来的最深刻的变动。

The world has witnessed the most profound readjustments in international relations unleashed since the end of the Cold War.

3．政治势力或分化瓦解，或重新组合，多极化的趋势继续发展。

Political forces disintegrated, or were reorganized, and the trend toward a mult- polar order continued.

4．缓和、和平与发展是当今世界的共同呼声。

The relaxation of tensions, peace and development has become the universal call in today's world. 5．全球的经济开始好转，国际经贸合作呈上升趋势，经济在国际关系中发挥着越来越重要的作用。

The worldwide economy has taken a turn for the better, and international economic and trade cooperation is on the rise, with economics playing an increasingly important role in international relations.

6．然而影响稳定的不确定因素依然存在，保全主义和强权政治不愿退出舞台。Nonetheless, destabilizing factors of uncertainty remain, with hegemonism and power politics retaining a foothold.

7．局部地区的武装冲突时有暴发，经济竞争更为加剧。

Occasional regional and local armed conflicts flare up, and economic competition is becoming ever more acute.

8．许多发展中国家仍然为经济困难所困扰，发达国家和发展中国家之间的差距继续多大。Many developing countries are still plagued with economic hardship, and the gap between developed and developing countries continues to widen.

9．世界和平与发展面临着无数挑战。

The world still faces untold challenges in terms of peace and development.

10．中国奉行和平的独立外交政策。

China carries out an independent foreign policy of peace.

11．我国积极的外交活动不仅有助于为中国继续进行改革与开放创造一个良好的国际环境，而且也为维护世界和平、促进共同繁荣做出了贡献。

Our active foreign relations endeavors have helped create a sound international environment for China's on-going reform and opening effort, while at the same time contributing to maintaining world peace and promoting common prosperity.

12．但是，由于国际舞台上经常出现的新情况和新问题，中国外交工作面临着艰难的局面。The Chinese diplomatic effort, however, is facing an arduous task in light of new conditions and problems which constantly emerge in the international arena.

13．因此，继续为国内现代化建设营造一个有力的国际和平环境，继续为经济发展、改革

开放服务，仍然是中国外交工作的基本目标。

Therefore, continuously striving to create a favorable international peaceful environment for domestic modernization and serving economic development, reform and opening to the outside world remain the primary goal of China's foreign diplomacy.

14．中国真诚地希望世界保持和平与稳定。

China sincerely hopes the world will remain peaceful and stable.

15．中国愿意积极参加公开的经济合作，同世界各国和睦相处，在互相尊重、平等互利的基础上求得共同发展。

China will actively participate open economic cooperation, live in harmony with countries throughout the world, and jointly develop on the basis of mutual respect, equality and mutual benefit.

16．随着新世纪的临近，世界各国面临的一个主题是如何建立新的国际关系。

As the new century approaches, the major subject for countries across the world is how to go about establishing new international relations.

17．中国将继续奉行和平的独立外交政策，在和平共处五项原则的基础上同所有国家进一步发展友好的合作关系。

China will continue to purse an independent foreign policy of peace, while at the same time further developing friendly cooperative relations with all nations on the basis of the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence.

PASSAGE TWO

英汉双向交互译：

1．您强调一个中国的政策是中国统一的先决条件。你们坚持一个中国的政策，这是否指台湾必须无条件地接受中华人民共和国，或者说，你们是否可以容许台湾以台湾共和国的形式在邦联制或联邦制下同大陆统一起来？

You have emphasized that the policy of one China is the basis and the precondition for the reunification of China. By insisting on the one-China policy, do you mean that Taiwan should unconditionally accept the People's Republic of China, or can you accept the formation of a Republic of Taiwan, to be reunited with the mainland in the form of a confederation or a federation?

2．In his eight-point proposal President Jiang made it clear that under the concept of one China, anything, save the independence of Taiwan, can be discussed. If one admits that there is but only one China, then there is no such thing as Taiwan joining the United Nations. Recent years has witnessed more frequent non- governmental exchanges and closer economic ties across the Taiwan Straits. The reunification of the Chinese nation is a general trend which cannot be blocked. We hope that the Taiwan authorities will comply with the aspirations of the people and take concrete action to end hostility and promote the expansion of the relations between Taiwan and the mainland.

江主席在他的八点主张中讲得很清楚，在以恶中国的原则下，除了台湾独立，什么问题都

可以讨论。如果承认只有一个中国，那么就不存在台湾加入联合国的事情。近年来，海峡两岸民间交流日趋频繁，经济联系进一步密切。祖国统一是大势所趋，不可阻挡。我们希望台湾当局顺应民心，采取具体行动，消除敌对情绪，促进台湾与大陆之间关系的进一步发展。

3．China has been criticizing the United States for initiating the human rights resolution at UN Human Rights Commission in Geneva. Does this mean that China will suspend its human rights dialogue with the United States?

中国在批评美国在联合国人权委员会日内瓦会议上提出的人权议案。这是否意味着中国将暂停同美国就人权问题进行对话？

4．恰恰相反，中国主张就人权问题交换看法，进行对话，但是这必须在相互尊重的基础上进行。我们反对一些国家在诸如联合国人权委员会日内瓦会议这样的多边讲坛上，提出反对中国或任何其他国家的议案。我们已经向包括西方国家在内的有关国家说明我们的立场。

On the contrary, China stands for an exchange of views and dialogue on human rights, but this should be done on the basis of mutual respect. We oppose the practice of some countries initiating resolutions against China or, for that matter, against any country at such multilateral forums as the UN Human Rights Commission meeting in Geneva. We've explained our position to all the countries concerned, including Western countries.

5．Is there going to be any concrete effect on US-China dialogues on human rights or anything else? Will China retaliate against the United States? Second, why is China so opposed to Lee Teng-hui visit the United States?

这对美中人权问题对话或其他方面的对话会产生什么具体影响？中国会对美国进行报复吗？第二个问题是，中国为何如此反对李登辉访美？

6．虽然美国的行为对双边对话无益，但是我们还不至于中止对话。李先生访美是有关中国还是"一中一台"或"两个中国"的原则大事。中美三个公报的实质是台湾问题。也就是说，美国保证不同台湾进行任何官方接触。

Although the US move is not conductive to the bilateral dialogue, we're not going to stop the dialogue yet. Mr. Lee's visit to the United States is a major matter of principle concerning one China, or "one China, one Taiwan", or "two Chinas". The essence of the three Sino-US joint communiqués is the Taiwan issue. That is, the United States commits to not developing any official contacts with Taiwan.

7．Germany supported a resolution against China at the Geneva conference of UN Human Rights Commission. Will this harm economic and cooperative relations between Germany and China?

德国在联合国人权委员会的日内瓦会议上支持了反对中国的议案。这会伤害德中两国的经济合作关系吗？

8．我们从不把经济关系同其他问题联系起来。然而，这并不妨碍我们对一些国家提出忠告，既然以失败多次，那就不应该再做蠢事。

We have never linked economic relations with anything else. However, this did not prevent us

from advising some countries not to do foolish things since they have failed many times. 9．How do you assess Sino-Russian relations today?

您如何评价今天的中俄关系？

10．我认为当前中俄关系的发展是好的。除了高层接触之外，其他领域也有合作。在最近一次俄国外长的来访中，我们在许多问题上交换了意见。虽然一些俄国官员以有悖两国所签协议的方式提出了边界问题，但是俄国政府表明，他们会遵守两国政府签订的、经过两国立法机构批准的协议。我们对此表示满意。

I believe the current development of Sino-Russian relations is good. In addition to high-level exchanges, cooperation exists in all other areas. During the recent visit of Russian Foreign Minister, we exchanged views on many issues. Although some local Russian officials have brought up the border issue in ways that do not conform with the agreement signed by the two countries, the Russian government has made it clear that it will abide by the agreement signed by the two governments and ratified by the legislative bodies of both countries. We are satisfied with this situation.

11．Why do you insist that the British Hong Kong government should transfer the archives of civil servants and other properties directly to the central government of China?

为什么你们要求港英政府把香港公务员的档案和其他财产直接交给中国中央政府？

12．中国和英国达成协议，1997 年7 月1 日英国把香港交还给中国，中国将对香港恢复行使主权。英国必须把财产、文件和档案交给中国，这是毋庸置疑的。根据特别行政区的基本法，香港将享有高度自治。

China and Britain reached an agreement that on July 1, 1997, Britain is to return Hong Kong to China will resume its sovereignty over Hong Kong. Britain should transfer property, documents and archives to the Chinese government. There is no question about that. According to the Basic Law of the Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong will enjoy a high degree of autonomy. 13．What are China's territorial rights in the South China Sea? What will China's long-term military development be to reflect those rights? What is your message to those regional governments who are concerned that China could be a threat to the region?

中国在南中国海的领土权是什么？中国有何长期军事发展计划可以反映这些权利？中国周边国家担心中国可能会对这一地区构成威胁，您对此有何评论？

14．中国对南沙群岛拥有不可争辩的主权。70 年代前从未有何争议发生，到了70 年代，一些邻国开始提出领土要求。中国队此一直持克制的态度，并且主张各方"搁置分歧，共同发展"。我认为南中国海域不存在什么紧张局面或危机。最近当地政府盖了一些这笔设施，那只是为在那里作业的渔民提供防护和安全，这不是军事行动，不会对任何国家构成威胁。China holds indisputable sovereignty over Nansha Island. No controversy whatsoever arose until the 1970s when some neighboring countries began to make territorial claims. China has exercised restraint over the issue and advocates the practice of "putting aside disputes for common development." I don't think there is any tension or crisis in the South China Sea area. Recently local protection and safety of the fishermen working there. It is not a military action and posed no

threat to any country.