新编大学英语第三版Book 4 Unit 1中英对照

Entertaining Humor —What's Funny?

享受幽默——什么东西令人开怀？

Donald M. Huffman

[1] The joy of laughing at a funny story is

universal, probably as old as language itself. But, what is it that makes a story or a joke funny? funny

听了一个有趣的故事会发笑、很开心，古今中外都一样。这一现象或许同语言本身一样悠久。那么，到底是什么东西会使一个故事或笑话让人感到滑稽可笑的呢？

[2] As one who has enjoyed humor since I first recognized it, I've made an attempt to explain and discuss humor with students in such diverse cultures as Latin America and China. I've done some serious thinking about funny stories. It has been a labor of love !

humor 我是第一次辨识出幽默便喜欢上它的人，因此我曾试图跟学生议论和探讨幽默。这些学生文化差异很大，有来自拉丁美洲的，也有来自中国的。我还认真地思考过一些滑稽有趣的故事。这么做完全是出于自己的喜好。 [3] Why is it that several students in a

class will fall out of their chairs laughing

after I tell a joke while the rest of the

students look as if I've just read the weather report? Obviously some people are more sensitive to humor than others. And, we recognize that some people tell jokes very well while others struggle

to say something funny. We've all heard people say, "I like jokes, but I can't tell

one well, and I can never remember them." Some people have a better sense of humor than others just as some people have more musical talent , mathematical talent, etc. than others. A truly funny person has a joke for every occasion, and when one is told, that triggers an entire string of jokes from that person's memory bank. A humorless person is not likely to be the most popular person in a group. It is reasonable to say that the truly

humorous individual is not only well

liked, but is often the focus of attention in

any gathering.

human's different reactions (to joke); comparison (humorous vs. humorless people)

为什么听我讲完一个笑话后，班上有些学生会笑得前仰后合，而其他学生看上去就像刚听我读了天气预报一样呢？显然，有些人对幽默比别人更敏感。而且，我们也发现有的人很善于讲笑话，而有的人要想说一点有趣的事却要费好大的劲。我们都听人说过这样的话：“我喜欢笑话，但我讲不好，也总是记不住。”有些人比别人更有幽默感，就像有些人更具有音乐、数学之类的才能一样。一个真正风趣的人在任何场合都有笑话可讲，而且讲了一个笑话，就会从他记忆里引出一连串的笑话。一个缺乏幽默感的人不可能成为一群人中最受欢迎的。一个真正有幽默感的人不仅受人喜爱，而且在任何聚会上也往往是人们注意的焦点。这么说是有道理的。

[4] Even some animals have a sense of humor. My wife's mother often visited us animal humor ; example (Lab) 甚至有些动物也具有幽默感。我岳母从前经常

for extended stays. She normally didn't

like dogs, but she fell in love with

Blitzen —a female Lab we had, and the

relationship was mutual. Even when

young, Blitzen would tease Grandma by very selectively carrying one of her

bedroom slippers into the living room

where Grandma sat in her favorite,

comfortable chair. Blitzen pranced just beyond the reach of Grandma until

Grandma was tempted to leave her chair to get the slipper from Blitzen. When

Grandma left her chair, Blitzen would

quickly jump into the chair, flashing her

Lab smile from sparkling brown eyes

which clearly said, "Aha, I fooled you

again."

来我们家，并能住上很长一段时间。通常她不喜欢狗，但却很喜欢布利茨恩——我们养过的一条拉布拉多母猎犬。而且，她们的这种好感是相互的。布利茨恩在很小的时候就常常戏弄外祖母。当外祖母坐在起居室里她最喜欢的那张舒适的椅子上时，布利茨恩就故意把她卧室里的一只拖鞋叼到起居室，并在外祖母刚好够不到的地方蹦来跳去，一直逗得外祖母忍不住站起来去拿那只拖鞋。外祖母从椅子上一起来，布利茨恩就迅速跳上那椅子，从它那闪亮的棕色眼睛里掠过一丝拉布拉多式的微笑，无疑是在说：“啊哈，你又上了我的当。” [5] Typical jokes or humorous stories

have a three-part anatomy that is easily

recognized. First is the SETUP (or setting), next is the BODY (or story line), and these are followed by the PUNCH LINE (an unexpected or surprise ending) which will make the joke funny if it contains some humor. Usually all three parts are present, and each must be clearly presented. It helps if the story/joke teller uses gestures and language which are well known to the audience.

three-part anatomy (of jokes): (SETTING, BODY, PUNCHLINE)

典型的笑话或幽默故事由明显的三部分构成。第一部分是铺垫（即背景），接下来是主干部分（即故事情节），随后便是妙语（即一个出人意料或令人惊讶的结尾）。如果这个妙语含有一定的幽默成分，这个笑话便会很有趣。通常笑话都包含这三部分，而且每部分都必须交代清楚。如果讲故事或说笑话的人使用听众都熟悉的手势和语言，则有助于增强效果。[C-E 重点]已考过 [6] Humor, as a form of entertainment, can be analyzed in order to discover what makes a funny story or joke seem funny. Here, for example, are some of the most common types of humor. They range

from the most obvious humor to the more subtle types.

humor can be analyzed ; types (general paragraph for Para. 7-12) 我们可以对幽默这种娱乐形式进行分析，从而发现究竟是什么使一个有趣的故事或笑话令人发笑。举例来说，最常见的幽默有以下几种，包括了从最显而易见的幽默到比较微妙含蓄的幽默。 [7] "SLAP-STICK" is the most obvious

humor. Its language is simple, direct, and often makes fun of another person or group. Slap-stick was and is the technique of the stand-up comedian and the clown. It appeals to all ages and all cultures. Nearly every English-speaking comedian SLAP-STICK “滑稽剧”是最明显的幽默。它语言简单、直截了当，常常以取笑他人为乐。说笑打闹这种形式过去是、现在仍然是滑稽说笑演员和小丑的惯用技巧。它为不同年龄、不同文化背景的人们所喜爱。几乎本世纪的每个讲英语的滑稽说笑演员都曾以这样或那样的方式说过下面这则

in this century has used the following joke in one form or another. One man asks

another, "Who was that lady I saw you

with last night?" The other replies, "That was no lady, that was my wife." The

humor lies in the fact that the second man is saying that his wife is not a lady. In other words, she is not a refined woman. The joke is no less funny because it is so often used. The audience knows in

advance what will be said, because it

is classic humor, and any audience values

it even more because of its familiarity.

笑话。一位男士问另一位男士：“昨晚我看到的那位和你在一起的夫人是谁？” 那位男士回答道：“那可不是什么夫人，那是我老婆。”这个笑话的幽默之处在于第二位男士说他的妻子不是一位夫人，也就是说她不是一个高雅的女人。这个笑话并没有因为经常讲而变得不再那么好笑。由于这是一个经典笑话，观众都知道要说什么，而且因为大家对这个笑话很熟悉而更加珍爱它。

[8] Chinese "cross-talk" is a special type

of slap-stick in which two Chinese

comedians humorously discuss topics

such as bureaucrats, family problems, or

other personal topics. Cross-talk can be heard anywhere from small village stages to the largest Beijing theatres, and to radio and television. It is clearly a traditional form of humor well understood by Chinese people.

Chinese cross-talk : (special type of slap-stick) 中国的相声是一种特殊的滑稽剧。相声中两名中国喜剧演员幽默地谈论诸如官僚主义者、家

庭问题或其他一些有关个人的话题。相声随处都能听到，无论是在乡村的小舞台上，还是在北京最大的剧院里，抑或在广播、电视上。它显然是中国人家喻户晓的一种传统的幽默形式。 [9] A PLAY ON WORDS is not so obvious as slap-stick, but it is funny because of

misused or misunderstood language. My favorite example is the story of three

elderly gentlemen traveling by train in England. As the train slowed for a stop the first man asked, "Is this Wembley?" "No," said the second, "It's Thursday." "So am I," said the third man. "Let's stop for a

beer." We know that older people often do not hear things clearly, so the misunderstanding of both Wednesday (for Wembley) and thirsty (for Thursday) makes a nice setup for the punch

line delivered by the third man. PLAY ON WORDS (not so obvious as slap-stick, but …; example: three gentleman) “文字游戏”不像滑稽剧那样浅显，它是因语言的误用或误解而引人发笑。我特别喜欢的一个例子是三位年长的绅士在英国乘火车旅行的故

事。

当火车慢慢停下来时，第一位绅士问道：“这是Wembley （温布利）吗？”“不，”第二位绅士说：“是Thursday （星期四）。”“我也是，” 第三位说道， “让我们下车喝杯啤酒吧。”我们知道上了年纪的人往往耳背，因此会把Wembley （温布利）听成了Wednesday （星

期三）

，把Thursday （星期四）听成了thirsty （渴了），这样一来就为第三位老人的妙语做好了铺垫。

[10] The famous Chinese cartoonist and humorist Ding Cong is a master of word play. In one of his funny cartoons, a teacher says, "How come you completely copied somebody else's homework?" The example (of play-on-words: word play) (example: Ding Cong’s cartoon) 著名的中国漫画家和幽默家丁聪便是一位文字游戏大师。在他的一幅幽默漫画中，一位老师说：“你为什么一字不改地抄别人的作业？”那

young student replies, "I didn't completely copy it. My name on the page is different." In another classic Ding Cong cartoon, an irritated father asks, "Tell me, what's one plus two?" The son says, "I don't know." The impatient father then says, "For example, you, your mother, and I altogether are how many, you idiot ?" The son proudly answers, "Three idiots." Whether these stories are cartoons or jokes, told by a slap-stick comedian or a cross-talking team, they appeal to people everywhere as funny stories because they have a note of reality to them, and the unexpected punch line is quite funny.

位年轻的学生回答道：“我没有一字不改地抄。我把作业上的名字改成自己的了。” 在丁聪的另一幅经典漫画里，一位生气的父亲问道：“告诉我，1加2等于几？” 儿子说：“我不知道。”这位不耐烦的父亲接着说道：“比方说，你、你妈妈和我，我们加起来一共是几个，傻瓜？”儿子得意地回答道：“是三个傻瓜。”这些故事无论是漫画还是笑话，是由演滑稽剧的喜剧演员说还是由搭档的相声演员讲，都为各地人们所喜爱。人们喜爱这些有趣的故事，因为它们贴近现实生活，而且里面那些出人意料的妙语十分有趣。 [11] PUNS are even more subtle forms of word play. They use the technique of similar sounding words

or alternative meanings of the same word. Puns are thought by some critics to be the lowest form of humor, but I disagree with this. Puns require more subtle and sophisticated language skills than most humor forms, but even the very young can use them in their simpler forms. For example, the "riddle" or trick question often uses a pun in the setup, the story line, or, more often, the punch line. Puns are the first type of humor I learned, and at about 5 years of age I remember hearing the following riddle. One person asks, "What is black and white and red all over?" The other person usually cannot answer the riddle, so says, "I give up. What is the answer?" The riddler replies, "A newspaper."This is the obvious answer if one knows that "red" is pronounced the same as "read" in English, but the meanings are clearly different.

PUNS (even more subtle forms of words; example: riddles) 双关语是一种更微妙的文字游戏。它使用的技巧是利用发音相似的词或同一个词的不同意思。有些批评家认为双关语是最低级的幽默，但我不同意这种观点。双关语与其他形式的幽默相比需要更细微、更巧妙的语言技巧；然而，简单的双关语甚至很小的孩子也能利用。例如，谜语或脑筋急转弯问题常使用双关语做铺垫、制造故事情节，而且更多地是用在妙语部分。双关语是我最早懂得的幽默。记得大约在五岁时我听到了下面这个谜语。一个人问：“什么东西整个儿是黑的、白的和红的？” 另外一个人通常猜不出来，于是问道：“我不猜了。是什么呀？”出谜语的人回答：“是报纸。”如果你知道在英语中“red （红色）”和“read （读）”的读音一样但意思完全不同，答案就很明显了。 [12] DOUBLE ENTENDRES (French for double meanings) are

special variations of puns in which words or phrases have double meanings. Frequently the two meanings are very DOUBLE ENTENDRES (special variations of puns; example: teacher and principal)

DOUBLE ENTENDRES （法语中的“一语双关”）是双关语的特殊形式, 其中的词或短语有

different, and one is quite proper while the second is often, but not always, vulgar . I like the somewhat mild story of a school teacher and a principal of a high school who are concerned because some boys and girls have been seen kissing on the school playground. The teacher says to the students, "The principal and I have decided to stop kissing on the school playground." Hearing some laughter, she senses her message was

not altogether clear, so she adds, "What I mean to say is that there will be no more kissing going on under our noses ." This clarification, of course, does nothing to correct the first statement and the double meaning of the joke becomes even more laughable.

双重意思。两个意思往往很不相同，一个比较恰当，另一个往往比较粗俗——但并不总是这样。我喜欢那个关于一位中学教师和校长因看见学生在学校操场上接吻而感到担心的故事。故事并不过火。那位教师对学生们说：“我和校长已经决定停止在学校操场上接吻。” 听到笑声，她意识到她没有把意思表达清楚，于是补充说：“我的意思是不能再在我们的鼻子底下发生接吻这样的事了。” 当然，这个解释并没有纠正她的第一句话，反而使这个笑话的双重含义变得更加好笑。 [13] Some professional humorists think too much of today's humor is not

very intelligent or sophisticated. They dislike the suggestive or vulgar

language used too frequently, and they feel that most humorists are not very creative. It is true that some of today's humor is rather shocking, but I don't think humor is to be blamed for that. Humor is alive and well, and it will persist simply because there are funny things happening every day. Some humorous people see and hear these funny things and are able to make them into

funny, entertaining jokes and stories. (1,346 words) conclusion : point & counterpoint 一些专业的幽默家认为如今的幽默大多缺乏智慧，不够巧妙。他们不喜欢在幽默中过多使用有色情意味或粗俗的语言，而且觉得大多数幽默家缺乏创造性。的确，现在有些幽默令人震惊，但我认为这不是幽默的过错。幽默本身是活泼健康的，它还会继续生存下去，只因为每天都有有趣的事情发生。一些有幽默感的人会看到、听到这些有趣的事情，并把它们编成妙趣横生、令人开心的笑话和故事。

Unit-10-Agriculture新编大学英语第二版第一册课文翻译讲课稿

Unit 10 Agriculture Farming for the Future [1] Every year, more people face poverty and hunger and more of the earth's resources are ruined. The problems are enormous, but many experts believe that the situation is not hopeless. The solution will require big changes in how we think about agriculture, food, and our planet. [2] First of all, farmers everywhere need to develop methods that are less destructive to the environment. The change from single crop farming to a mixed crop system would be one important step. The planting of several different crops improves the soil and helps prevent erosion. Erosion could also be prevented by planting trees to protect the fields from the wind. Another way farmers could improve the soil is to avoid deep plowing. In fact, only a slight plowing is necessary if proper methods are used. [3] If the soil were treated better, farmers would not need to use chemical fertilizers. They could use natural animal and vegetable products instead. With mixed crops, farmers would need fewer toxic chemical insecticides. They could use biological methods of controlling insects and disease. [4] Farmers could also help save the earth's precious supplies of water and petroleum. To save water, they could plant more water-efficient plants instead of the standard types of wheat or corn. They could also use watering systems that are much less wasteful. To save petroleum, farmers could make use of bio-gas generators which could be fueled by the vegetable and animal wastes of the farms. In less-developed countries, bio-gas generators could reduce the need for firewood and so help save forests, as well. [5] In less-developed countries, the small farmers need help. They need to learn more about crops that are better suited to local conditions. They need to learn how to limit erosion and make the best use of their resources. These farmers will never be successful without land and economic reform. This should be the aim of governments and international agencies. The current industrial and cash crop policies are only making the situation worse. [6] Industrialized countries could use their economic resources to help bring about these changes. They could make some changes in their own policies. At present, much food is wasted in these countries for political reasons. In Europe and in North America, tons of fruit and dairy products are thrown away every year. Eating habits, too, could be changed in these countries. For example, people often eat foods from distant places instead of local foods. The transportation of the imported foods adds to the global pollution problem. People in industrialized countries also eat a lot of meat, especially beef.

(2019最新版)人教版高一英语新教材词汇表book1 Unit1 翻译

（2019最新版）人教版高一英语新教材词汇表Book 1 Unit 1 Level 1E -C Translation 1.teenage / ?ti:ne?d?/ adj. 2.2. teenager / ?ti:ne?d??(r)/ n. 3. ballet /?b?le?/ n. 4. volunteer /?v?l?n?t??(r)/ n. 5. debate /d? 'be?t/ 6. prefer / pr??f?:(r)/ vt. prefer…to …… 7. content / 'k?ntent / 8. movement / ?mu:vm?nt / n. 9. greenhouse / ?gri:nha?s/ n. 10. clean up 11. suitable /?su:t?bl/ adj. Suitable for 12. actually / ??kt?u?li/ adv. 13. challenge /?t??l?nd?/ 14. title /?ta?tl/ n. 15. topic / ?t?p?k/ n. 16. freshman / ?fre?m?n / n. 17. confuse /k?n'fju:z/ vt. 18.confusing /k?n?fju:z??/ adj. 19.confused /k?n?fju:zd/ adj.

20. fluent/'flu:?nt/ adj. 21. graduate 22. recommend /?rek??mend/ vt. 23. sign up ( for sth) 24. advanced / ?d?vɑ:nst/ adj. 25. advance / ?d?vɑ:ns / 26. literature / ?l?tr?t??(r)/ n. 27. extra-curricular / 'ekstr? k?'r?kj?l?(r)/adj. 28. extra /'ekstr?/ adj. 29. obviously / ??bvi?sli/ adv. 30. quit / kw?t/ vi. & vt. （quit，quit，quitting） 31. improve /?m'pru:v/ vi. & vt. 32. responsible /r??sp?ns?bl/adj. be responsible for 33.responsibility /r??sp?ns??b?l?ti/ n. 34. solution / s??lu:?n/ n. 35. schedule /??edju:l 36. editor /?ed?t?(r)/ n. 37. plate /ple?t/ n. 38. adventure /?d?vent??(r)/ n. 39. expert /'eksp??t/ 40. youth /ju:θ/ n. 41. behaviour /b??he?vj?(r)/ n. 42. generation /?d?en??re??n/ n.

途中跑的技术教学与训练

浅谈短跑途中跑的教学方法 【摘要】短跑中最重要的环节就是途中跑，它的任务就是达到最快速度。所以，途中跑直接关系到短跑成绩的好坏。这里，我谈一下如何提高途中跑教学的一点方法。 【关键词】短跑途中跑教学方法 【正文】 短跑是田径运动的基础，它对其他运动具有重要的作用。途中跑是短跑中距离最长的，占短跑的70%—80%；由此看来短跑成绩的好坏主要取决于途中跑的技术。因此，提高途中跑的技术是短跑教学的核心。 一、途中跑的技术练习 学习途中跑时要让学生知道在跑的过程中，动作要自然、大方、向前的要领，使学生在脑海中对动作有一种深刻的印象，再安排教学顺序对学生进行训练。 （一）50米反复跑3—5次，了解每个学生跑的情况。 （二）原地摆臂练习。要求：以肩关节为轴，前后自然摆臂，前摆时肘关节要露在胸前，后摆时手要露在背后，摆动协调有力。 (三)反复跑50—60米。要求：用50%—60%的速度，体会摆动腿前摆着地动作。 （四）原地高抬腿。要求:折叠高抬,向前摆动。和跑的衔接过渡要自然、连贯。 （五）变速加速跑。要求:站立式起跑后最高速度跑,等坚持不住时放松跑,反复练习体会最高速度的动作。 （六）20—30米小步跑。让学生体会跑的着地技术。

（七）直道进弯道跑。在直道上先跑15—20米左右，接着跑进弯道再跑20米左右。要求在进入弯道前身体逐渐向内倾斜。 （八）弯道进直道跑。弧顶开始起跑，接着进入直道。要求在跑出弯道的前几步，身体逐渐正直。 二、途中跑的身体练习 短跑成绩取决于跑的过程中的反应速度、加速能力、最大速度的保持能力。途中跑要求学生要有良好的速度力量和速度耐力。因此提高学生短跑途中跑的能力就要加强学生的身体练习。 （一）速度力量 1.上肢力量的练习：负重摆臂练习，注意节奏要有慢到快；也可以做引体向上、卧推等练习。 2.腰、腹部力量的练习：仰卧起坐，负重仰卧起坐；仰卧举腿，负重转体等。 3.下肢力量的练习：肩负下蹲、弓箭步、小步跑、原地双脚跳。跳台阶、跳栏架、上、下斜坡跑等可以增强下肢的爆发能力。 （二）速度耐力 1.20米—30米折返跑，强度在80%以上。 2.200—400米的重复跑； 3.100—200米的计时跑； 4.直道加速弯道减速跑、弯道加速直道减速跑的变速跑。 三、途中跑错误动作的纠正方法 （一）摆臂紧张，姿势不正确。纠正方法：进行徒手或负重摆臂练习。

有理数乘除法则专项训练40;含答案41;

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七年级上册数学《有理数的乘除法》练习题(含答案)人教版

七年级上册数学《有理数的乘除法》练习题（含 答案）人教版 要想让自己在考试时取得好成绩，除了上课要认真听讲外还需要课后多做练习，接下来为大家推荐了有理数的乘除法练习题，希望能帮助到大家。 一、选择题 1.如果两个有理数在数轴上的对应点在原点的同侧,那么这两个有理数的积( ) A.一定为正 B.一定为负 C.为零 D. 可能为正,也可能为负 2.已知两个有理数a,b，如果ab0，b>0 B、a0 C、a,b异号 D、a,b异号，且负数的绝对值较大 3.下列运算结果为负值的是( ) A.(-7)×(-6) B.6×(-4) C.0×(-2) D.(-7)-(-15) 4 .下列运算错误的是( ) A.(-2)×(-3)=6 B. C.(-5)×2=-10 D.2×(-4)=-8 5.若a+b>0,ab>0,则这两个数( ) A.都是正数 B.是符号相同的非零数 C.都是负数 D.都是非负数

6.下列说法正确的是( ) A.负数没有倒数 B.正数的倒数比自身小 C.任何有理数都有倒数 D.-1的倒数是-1 7.关于0,下列说法不正确的是( ) A.0有相反数 B.0有绝对值 C.0有倒数 D.0是绝对值和相反数都相等的数 8.在-8，5，-5，8这四个数中，任取两个数相乘，所得的积最大的是( ) A.64 B.40 C.-40 D.-64 二、填空 9.-0.2的倒数是 . 10.(-2019)×0= . 11.如果两个有理数的积是正的,那么这两个因数的符号一定______. 12.如果两个有理数的积是负的,那么这两个因数的符号一定_______. 13.-7的倒数是_______. 14.若 >0，则 _______. 15.如果ab=0,那么 . 16.如果5a>0,0.3b0,则 =_____;若a; 17.8; 18.1,-1. 三、解答题 20.

人教版高一英语必修一unit1单词表精编版

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German javascript:;adj.德国的；德国人的； 德语的; n．德国人；德语 △Nazi n.纳粹党人adj. 纳粹党的 set down记下；放下；登记 series javascript:;n.连续；系列 a series of一连串的；一系列；一套 △Kitty n. 基蒂（女名） outdoors javascript:;adv.在户外；在野外△ spellbind javascript:;vt. (spellbound, spellbound) 迷住；on purpose javascript:;故意in order to为了…… dusk javascript:;n. 黄昏；傍晚 at dusk在黄昏时刻 thunder javascript:;vi. 打雷；雷鸣n．雷；雷声 entire javascript:;adj. 整个的；完全的；全部的 entirely adv.完全地；全然地；整个地power n. 能力；力量；权力 face to face面对面地 curtain javascript:;n. 窗帘；门帘；幕布dusty javascript:;adj.积满灰尘的