3天搞定考研英语翻译-考研翻译教学奇才云立宏全程笔记

法国有位化学家曾说过: 人如果不能把平生所学全部推翻，这个人就等于什么都没有学到；

《考研英语翻译高分新思维》，就是用最回归本质的方式，颠覆考生对于考研英语的传统错误理解，让考生能够像英语国家人一样自由的输入和输出英语。

本课程，提升的不仅仅是翻译。翻译前对于文章观点的快速把握能帮你打通阅读理解的文章关；理解英语国家人民是如何简单快速的输出英语能让你的写作流畅自如。

考研学生都会有这样一个问题：

需要考取多少分才能达到理想学校的要求？

换算到我们翻译部分应该得多少分呢？

◆想考211大学，英语一翻译需要5分以上，英语二翻译需要11以上；

◆想考985大学，英语一翻译需要6分以上，英语二翻译需要12分以上；

◆想考北大、复旦等一流大学，英语一翻译需要7分以上，英语二翻译需要13分以上。

而历年的英语一翻译平均成绩只有不到4分，英语二的平均分不到10分，也就是说，一大半的考生都要倒在翻译上。

有考生说翻译难：翻译不像阅读、完形，不会做你可以猜，时间不够可以蒙。

也有考生说翻译容易：

（1）输出的是汉语；

（2）要求不高：考研翻译要求（6个字）“准确、完整、通顺”；而不是“信、达、雅”。

在云老师看来，翻译是整个英语考试最容易拉开成绩的板块，只要有正确的方法，这点阅读和写作无法做到。

为什么最容易提分的板块，得分情况却最不尽如人意？

因为大多数考生从来没有真正弄懂英语的语言规律, 学习英语的方法还是大学之前的老一套：整日重复做着繁琐又枯燥却毫无价值的语言结构分析。其实，只要方法科学有效，所有考生都可以完全掌握好英语，甚至将英语变成自己的专长。所以，本期翻译课程，之所以称为“高分新思维”，就是因为不会采取传统的讲授方法，没有死板的学术套路，不会为考生列举机械的条条框框，不会寄希望考生课后大量艰苦的练习，结果考分还不尽如人意。

《考研英语翻译高分新思维》将直击制约考研学子取得翻译高分过程中最核心的问题——英语语言规律，让考生在最短的时间内打通考研翻译的认识障碍，迅速达到理想的分数。

授课理念

1. 授课初衷：

长年来我一直痛心考生英语学习，备考方法不仅错误，缺乏效率，而且只会最终走入死胡同，逐渐丧失对英语的兴趣；思维单一，机械，缺乏灵活性，创造性；

希望本期课程能彻底改变考生看待，处理翻译乃至学习英语的方法，真正做到事半功倍，学以致用。

2. 课程目标：

不但帮助考生翻译考出高分，更希望增强考生对英语的认识，也能从本质上提高阅读及写作的水平；

培养考生对英语更浓厚的兴趣，以期日后能自觉坚持学习英语，将英语与所考专业紧密挂钩，为长远的发展打好基础。

3. 授课原则：

考研英语都是长句翻译，但要游刃有余地处理好长句，首先要求考生能充分驾驭简短的句子，打好基础---任何复杂事物背后都存在着简单的本质规律；

从根本上认识到英语的语言规律，与汉语的不同。只有这样方能快速有效地应对好考研

英语。

一．范例

1. Ships from every nation are in port and strange languages can be heard in the streets.

2. His father is a humorous person.

3. Life is measured by thought and action, not by time.

4. Most commonly, we come to books with blurred and divided minds.

5. Men are kind in one way but evil in many.

6. The outcome of the secret war between downloading and uploading will shape our

collective future in ways we can only begin to imagine. (12年真题)

7. Last night, I passed several hours in tormenting sleeplessness.

二．看待英语句子的新方法：

先主后次；

学会区别事实与观点；

不要做无用的语法分析

三．中文的句法结构：

ＴＣ（话题＋评论）

四．如何在ＳＶＯ和ＴＣ之间自如转换？三部曲：

１．找出说话重点即观点（Ｆｏｃｕｓ）；

３．打破ＳＶＯ结构，形成ＴＣ模式；

３．将评论之外的剩余成分压缩为名词性话题，或表达成其它状语成分。

课后练习题

1. The students welcomed him.

2. Their policy was that natives should man the frontline.

3. We need to learn not to create conflict-free relationships but to engage in conflicts

with effective strategies.

4. Of all the components of a good night’s sleep, dreams seem to be least within

control.(05年真题)

5. The homele ss make up a growing percentage of America’s population. (06年真题)

6. Clearly, only the biggest and most flexible television companies are going to be

able to compete in such a rich and hotly-contested market. (05年真题)

7. At the beginning of century, songbirds were supposed to be disappearing.

Scientists jumped to the rescue with distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them.

第二讲进一步认识SVO与TC的本质差异

◆心理测试

测试结果说明

英美人和中国人的语言心理规律有根本不同：

英美人对主语更敏感，而中国人脑海中话题更重要。

测试结果运用

1. My aunt lived in a leisurely age when servants were employed to do the

housework.

2. Man has infinite desires which can never be gratified and which will keep him

restless even in paradise.

3. The bazaar which I am thinking of particularly is entered by a Gothic-arched gateway of aged brick and stone.

课后练习题

1. Gray and his colleagues have put them to the test by examining four family trees

that represent more than 2,000 languages. Chomsky’s gramm ar should show patterns of language change that are independent of the family trees or the pathway tracked through it, whereas Greenbergian universality should predict strong codependencies between particular types of word-order relations. (12年翻译真题)

2. Whe n Zhou Enlai’s door opened, they saw a slender man of more than average

height with gleaming eyes and a face so striking that it bordered on the beautiful.

◆英语组织语句的四种连接手段

这四种手段的运用是英语语句地道，规范的精髓所在。但恰恰是这些手段的存在往往禁锢住了考生的思维，导致考生对英语原文亦步亦趋，机械对应，结果可想而知：翻译出的中文不通不顺，甚至让人不忍卒读。这样的译文怎么可能取得高分？

1. 动词

2. 介词

3. 英语的各种自有语法手段

4. 逻辑联系词

写英语句子时，信息片段的连接手段选择的顺序是：

先考虑高频使用的，再考虑使用频率低的。

这一点尤其重要！

范例分析

1. 动词的连接作用及其对翻译，写作的影响

A. 手术，病人，健康。

B. the city, an excellent location

C. 中国自然资源丰富。

D. China owes its success in bidding for the World Exposition, 2010 to the support from the international community.

E. But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media.

F. Sometimes, people would throw him a pebble and got a shower of stones and

abuses.

2. 介词的连接作用及对翻译，写作的影响

A. 反思英语学习的过程

B. 回顾周恩来的例子

C. It was agreed that the lawyer should spend 15 years in confinement under the strictest supervision in one of the lodges at the banker’s garden.

D. 该公司的产品，质优，价廉，服务周到。

E. 我们商定，我教他英语，而他则让我用他的钢琴。

3.英语的各种自有语法手段

包括分词，定语从句，特殊句型等。

A. A dog we know is better company than a person whose language we don’t understand.

B. The memory of old friends is as much a comfort to us as wine, when too old, is to the palate.

C. In the idealized version of how science is done, facts about the world are waiting to be observed and collected by objective researchers who use the scientific method to carry out their work. (12年真题)

D. In fact, it is difficult to see how journalists who don’t have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories. (07年真题)

E. But his (a scientist) primary task is not to think about the moral code which governs his activity, any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business.

4.逻辑联系词

一个原本独立的句子，经逻辑联系词引导后，便化为细节成分，只能接在独立

的句子上，成为从句；从功能上讲，这一成分是为独立句子提供背景，细节信息或补充后续评价而用，使独立句子的思想表达更加完整。

另，逻辑联系词也是考研英语真题文章中常见的连接手段，是文章思想性更强，文体更正式的一个重要原因。

1. 首先考虑省略

2. 一种常见策略:

主句+逻辑联系词+从句的英语组句模式

根据从句的功能（增加背景，细节信息或补充评价内容）分两种方式处理：

A. 多数情况下，英语从句增加背景，细节信息；

可处理为：从句+逻辑联系词+主句，因为这时的大意在主句；

B. 有时，从句补充评价内容；

可处理为：主句在前，从句在后，因为这时从句为观点性信息。

总之，我们的思路要统一：中文行文一般遵守先客观事实，后主观观点。

1. I have excluded him (the average scientist) because, while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems, he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems. (06年真题)

2. I gave all these background information because I don’t think that one can assess

a writer’s motive without knowin g anything about his early developments.

3. When you are not willing to share your good fortune with others, you shall not expect them to be with you when in trouble.

◆SV O精解

使用却和英美人不一致；换句话说，中国人对这一天天打交道的语法缺乏正确的认识，因此也就无法驾驭。

◆主谓宾背后的三个核心认识问题

一. 牛顿运动定律

1. 主语的含义：发出力

宾语的含义：接收力

力通过谓语动词传递

A. 老师表扬了该学生。

B. 他把玻璃打碎了。

但如下的普遍存在的汉语语句便无法直接用主谓宾来分析，如：

A. 合资企业的活动必须遵守中国的相关法律和法规。

B. 成功不是贪恋物质享受；不是牺牲健康换取财富。

2. 考生认识上的空白：

主语的另一含义：施加影响，产生变化，带来益处；

宾语的另一含义：接受影响，发生变化，得到益处；

思想的首要方式，所以无论什么英语考试（当然也包括考研），文章都体现为思想性强，文风正式的特点；而这种严肃的英语也恰恰是要求考生必须能熟读，能写出的英语。

1. 看到这封情书，他不由想起了三年前分手的女友。

2. 地震海啸过后，日本百姓连起码的生活必需品都没有。

3. 中国的老百姓要重新来认识健康问题，要消除对疾病的恐惧。

4. He (Darwin) points out that he always experienced much difficulty in expressing

himself clearly and concisely, but he believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage of forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence, and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observations. (08年翻译真题)

5. And the statesmen’s political lives depended on slavery. The three-fifths formula

handed Jefferson his narrow victory in the presidential election of 1800 by inflating the votes of the southern states in the Electoral College. (08年真题)

课后练习题

1. To filter out what is unique from what is shared might enable us to understand how

complex cultural behaviour arose and what guides it in evolutionary or cognitive terms. (12年真题)

2. As a discovery claim works its way through the community, the interaction and

confrontation between shared and competing beliefs about the science and technology involved transforms an individual’s discovery claim into the community’s credible discovery. (12年真题)

3. 甲方若有任何企图违约的行为，乙方将不承担支付货款的义务。

二. 主语的选择问题

乏对主语的认识，更不用说运用好主语了。由于考生总是误把话题当主语，造出的英语句子其实反映出的还是考生的母语思维习惯；另一方面，许多英语句子由于并非以话题起句，翻译成汉语时，如不做相应的转化，很难翻译成通顺，地道的中文。

主语选择的四大原则

1. 主语的最佳来源是文章或段落的谈论主题

A. 许多人都不明白成功究竟为何物？

B. 每年，数十万游客来长城游览。

C. 来到中东集市就好像回到了千百年前。

D. 世界五百强企业中，有许多都云集在深圳。

2. 主语可以变化，但最好来自上文的已知信息，以保证上下文的衔接，使文章环环相扣

A. 所谓智慧，就是尽可能地摆脱个人的偏见。然而即使许多专家也不一定具备我所说的这种智慧。

B. 秦岭山区生物种类多样。许多濒临灭绝的动物都栖息在这里。

C. True eccentrics never deliberately draw attention to themselves. They disregard social conventions without being conscious that they are doing anything extraordinary. This invariably wins them the love and respect of others, for they add color to the dull routine of everyday life.

核心语言知识点

意义表达的两种方式：综合表达法与分析表达法

A. It is merely a hypothesis so far and of my own.

B. 许多大学毕业生虽然拿了学位，却不胜任工作。

3. 心理主语

不可回到误把话题当主语的错误思维上去。

其次，由于写作过程中，原作者的心理状态会非常复杂，这里的心理主语，考生不可机械理解，而应用心体会。

A. 她坐在那里，泪流满面。

B. 老师一把这个话题抛出，全班同学便展开了激烈的讨论。

C. 真想不到公司竟然会派他出国！

D. Your imagination is all you need to restore the ancient city back to life.

4. 把主语的选择和主谓宾的组建联系起来

这一点，在考研英语阅读及翻译中体现的特别明显：由于文章全都是正式书面文体，无数文中的语句基本都以对考生来说抽象的主谓宾模式构建，需要考生充分认识到英汉表达习惯的根本不同，逐渐习惯阅读这种风格的英文。

罗素注重逻辑分析，这一主张深深影响了整个二十世纪的哲学进程。

Russel’s emphasis on logical analysis influenced the whole course of the 20th-century philosophy.

三. SVO不能用来只勾勒孤立的事实

有观点的事实是废话，单独存在是没有交际价值的。因此英语造句需想方设法将事实与观点统一在一个句子之内。然而中文却恰恰相反，TC结构本身就说明，中文的事实与观点是可以分开单独表达的。这就对考生提出了调整思维的要求。

1. 他喝醉了酒，车又开得飞快，差点送了命。

2. 年轻的时候，他只热爱体育，不关心学习，如今便因此而吃了大亏。

3. 中国成功申办了08年奥运会，举国欢庆。

4. 过去三十年间，中国开展了史无先例的经济改革，数百万中国人民脱贫致富。

阶段性小结及巩固

我们已经为各位考生详细讲解了理解，翻译英语简单句的新思维；怎样把汉语的简单句转化为地道英语的方式；还探讨了英语的四大类组句连接手段和英语核心语法SVO的学习奥秘。为了让各位考生能彻底吃透，消化并能灵活地把前几讲的思路综合起来使用，特设本讲，用更多例句帮助考生内化已接触到的知识点。

综合范例演练：

以下范例会涉及到本期课程已讲解过的一个或多个知识点

1. Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed --- and perhaps never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as in the recent events in Europe.(05年翻译真题)

2. I shall define him (an intellectual) as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in a Socratic way about moral problems. (06年翻译真题)

3. Creating a “European identity” that respects the different cultures and traditions which go to make up the connecting fabric of the Old Continent is no easy task and demands a stragetic choice---that of producing programs in Europe for Europe.(05年翻译真题)

4. Traditionally, legal learning has been viewed in such institutions (universities) as the special preserve of lawyers, rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person. (07年翻译真题)

5. While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories, it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and make their own judgments. (07年翻译真题)

6. Several product quality scandals this year---from fields as diverse as food industry, manufacturing industry and even estate industry---have left governors and managers hurriedly peering into their intricate production processes in search of potential vulnerabilities.(07年考研真题)

7. Just as bosses and boards have finally sorted out their worst accounting and

compliance troubles, and improved their feeble corporation governance, a new problem threatens to earn them---especially in America---the sort of nasty headlines that inevitably lead to heads rolling in the executive suite: data security. (07年真题)

8. Within the complex structure of the scientific community, researchers make discoveries, editors and reviewers act as gatekeepers by controlling the publication process; other scientists use the new findings to suit their own purposes and finally, the public (including other scientists) receives the new discovery and possibly accompanying technology. （12年真题）

怎样写出地道的英语句子？

本讲虽然与考生的翻译考试不直接相关，但我认为是考生必须掌握的关键知识点；对考生从根本上弄清英汉组句的差异，尤其对英语写作有重大启发。

Ships from every nation are in port and strange languages can be heard in the streets.

港口停泊的船只来自四面八方；

街头听到的语言可谓五花八门。

考生根据自己的语法知识造出的句子一般为：

Ships that are in port are from every nation and the languages that can be heard in the streets are strange.

1. 概率

2. 中文单句的潜在组织规律

3. 回顾主语的选择思路

1. 黑龙江省的气候最适合耕种。

2. 明年，该厂的中型卡车生产量将达到十万辆。

3.作者开篇指出了科学与伪科学的区别。

4.抗生素的滥用正在危及人们的健康。

5.合资企业的活动必须遵守中国的相关法律和法规。

◆英语句子中的逻辑问题

片段之间的某种关系。然而关系却可以分为两种：结构关系/语法关系和逻辑关系/意义关系；

也就是传统上所说的形合与意合。这对矛盾，考生必须能够应对；否则译文也会不通不顺，或根本无法达意，出现翻译不到位的问题。

1. Opening the case, I saw the polished glow of a beautiful violin.

2. 允许战俘写信，但信要经过审查。

3. College education was beyond the dream of those students. It was costly and

demanding

4. As he sat in his easy chair, I would fumble through “Lady of Spain”.

5. The idle rich suffer from unspeakable boredom as a price to pay for their freedom

from drudgery.

6. A young widow with three kids determined to invest her insurance settlement in

college education for herself.

7. Cultural differences which are out of awareness, are, consequently, misunderstood

as unskillfulness, ill manner or lack of interest on the part of the other side.

8. In the courtyard, camels lie disdainfully chewing their hay, while big bales of

merchandise that they carried hundreds of miles across the desert lie beside them.

9. Little donkeys with harmoniously tinkling bells thread their way among throngs of

people entering and leaving the bazaar.

中文行文遵守的几个常见逻辑顺序

1. 时间先后

2. 先客观后主观

3. 大管小

课后练习题

1. Over the past three centuries, England alone must have produced scores of Newtons who never learnt to read and hundreds of Darwins, Daltons and Bacons, who died, stunted in hovels without an opportunity to display their qualities.

2. A “reason” has been found for producing zillions of packages of something, more or less resembling cheese, which nearly works for all and which is not imagined to be superlatively good by a single soul.

3. It tends to ignore, and thus eventually to eliminate, many elements in the land community that lack commercial value, but that are essential to its healthy functioning. (10年翻译真题)

4. In Europe, where forestry is ecologically more advanced, the non-commercial tree species are recognized as members of the native forest community, to be preserved as such, within reason. (10年翻译真题)

5. Producing programs in Europe for Europe entails reducing our dependence on the North American market, whose programs relate to experiences and cultural traditions which are different from our own. (05翻译真题)

◆英语长句的翻译

首先，要指出，长句的概念并不准确：考生可以发现，在讲解简单句翻译新思维时许多句子其实已经很长。

这里我要指出，句子的长短并非是选择或改变翻译策略的决定因素，而是从今天开始，大家要处理的句子和以前有一个根本不同：

差异分析

Ships from every nation are in port.

Lazy children are not to blame

when their parents brought them up to be idle.

英语造句的统一思路:

由近及远

及右分支结构

考生必须理解，记住并自觉遵守的英语造句思路：

Compared to information that’s already in the context or that has been mentioned previously, English speakers tend to place newly introduced information LATER in the sentence.

英语造句规律的第二种解析

信息可以分为三种：

第三种解析